Load early warning system and method for curing disposal of loess tunnel base

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring and early warning, and particularly relates to a loess tunnel base solidification disposal load early warning system and method.The loess tunnel base solidification disposal load early warning system comprises a data collecting device, and the data collecting device is used for collecting tunnel base data obtained by a first detector and a second detector which are arranged; the data analysis device is used for digitally processing the tunnel base data, acquired by the data acquisition device, of the first detector and the second detector, analyzing and sorting the digitally processed data, and comparing the processed data with a data threshold value; the early warning device is used for comparing a threshold value according to the data, judging whether the threshold value is exceeded or not, and judging whether an early warning system is started or not; wherein the first detector and the second detector are plug-in structures mounted in the arch base and the through base. According to the invention, the problem position can be judged by the early warning system, and the monitoring precision can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel monitoring and early warning technology, specifically relating to a load early warning system and method for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation. Background Technology

[0002] The Loess Tunnel Foundation Consolidation Treatment Load Early Warning System is a foundation treatment technology for tunnel engineering in collapsible loess areas, aiming to improve the stability and safety of tunnel structures.

[0003] Problems with existing technology: Existing monitoring methods can only monitor and analyze settlement changes at a single location, resulting in low monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, they do not perform further analysis on changes in multiple data points, making it impossible to accurately determine the patterns of changes in the monitored data or the specific location of the problem. In contrast, early warning systems can identify the location of the problem and carry out targeted repairs, thereby reducing repair time and shortening the maintenance period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a load early warning system and method for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation, which can enable the early warning system to determine the location of the problem and improve the monitoring accuracy.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A method for load early warning of solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation includes the following steps: Acquire multiple sets of multi-item monitoring data; Based on the monitoring data, compare the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same item, or multiple groups of single items with the monitoring data that changes with the timestamp. Determine the pattern of the difference change, where the difference is an absolute value, and compare it with a predetermined threshold to determine whether it exceeds the threshold of the change difference. If the threshold is exceeded, an early warning procedure will be initiated and an early warning signal will be issued.

[0006] The threshold is automatically set and optimized, and the automatic setting and optimization method includes the following steps: Acquire and identify soil information and historical monitoring data of similar soil types; Analyze the trends and patterns of historical soil quality information with time stamps; By comparing the historical data change model with the change patterns of the monitoring data, the change patterns are used to automatically optimize the set thresholds; The automatic optimization setting threshold specifically includes the following steps: Initial warning threshold, acquisition of engineering management processes, preliminary analysis methods and prediction model data; Adjust the threshold size accordingly based on the magnitude of the error. Based on the prediction model data and prediction trend, the stability of the future base state trend is predicted, which is used to adjust the size of the threshold. Adjust the threshold value based on current environmental factors; Based on the above methods, a threshold prediction system is constructed and applied to an actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the pre-construction. The above threshold prediction system method is verified to use a manual intervention mechanism, and the accuracy and threshold adjustment are determined through manual intervention.

[0007] Acquiring the multiple sets of monitoring data includes recording the readings obtained by the second detector and the calibration monitor during the monitoring process, and storing them through a storage device; Multiple sets of data, including data acquired by multiple sets of second detectors or data acquired by calibration monitoring instruments on top of multiple sets of second detectors; Multiple monitoring data include segmented data in the first, second, and third arc bars corresponding to multiple sets of second detectors, or further segmentation after the calibration ring segmentation on the calibration monitor.

[0008] A load early warning system for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundations includes: A data acquisition device is used to acquire tunnel base data obtained by the deployed first and second detectors. The data analysis device digitizes the tunnel base data collected by the first and second detectors from the data acquisition device, analyzes and organizes the digitized data, and compares the processed data with data thresholds. An early warning device, which determines whether the threshold is exceeded based on data comparison with a threshold, and then determines whether to activate the early warning system.

[0009] A load early warning monitoring device for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation, wherein the first detector and the second detector are plug-in structures installed inside the arch foundation and the continuous foundation. At least two second detectors are provided, and each of the at least two second detectors is equipped with a corresponding calibration monitor. Each calibration monitor is equipped with a universally adjustable calibration mirror. Through a laser device, the positions of multiple calibration monitors are connected through an optical path. The position of the light illuminating the surface of the calibration mirror is used to determine whether the relative position has changed. If there is a change, the warning device will issue a warning; The second detector has an internal structure for mounting a calibration monitoring instrument. Multiple monitoring strips are sequentially attached to the outside of the rod. Each monitoring strip is divided into at least two parts to determine whether there is pressure on the side of the second detector by judging the drop or angle change at the top of the multiple monitoring strips.

[0010] An arch frame is installed on the inner side of the arch base. The first detector and the second detector pass through the arch frame and the interior of the arch base. The first detector and the second detector are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame through a detector mounting bracket.

[0011] The detector mounting bracket includes a lamp holder welded to the inner side of the arch frame, and a first sliding mounting bracket and a second sliding mounting bracket movably inserted into both sides of the lamp holder. The first sliding mounting bracket and the second sliding mounting bracket have arc-shaped collars protruding from their corresponding positions in the middle. The inner side of the collars is tightly fitted to the outer surface of the first detector and the second detector.

[0012] The second sliding mounting bracket has at least one threaded knob threaded through it, the end of which abuts against the surface of the collar adjacent to the second sliding mounting bracket.

[0013] The second detector has a cone-shaped plug at one end and a stepped mounting base at the other end. Multiple monitoring strips are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the stepped position of the mounting base by bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips are slidably connected to each other.

[0014] The rod and the monitoring strip are elastic metal plates. A protective sleeve, which is an elastic rubber tube, is fitted onto the outer side of the monitoring strip. The protective sleeve is fitted snugly to the outside of the monitoring strip.

[0015] The end of the rod away from the plug is fixed with a sleeve, and a threaded ring is installed on the outer side of the sleeve. The screw ring is rotated to compress multiple sleeves to hold the adjustment rod at the end of the calibration monitor.

[0016] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention transmits light through a reflector mounted on a second detector. Inside a long-span tunnel, at least two second detectors are positioned along a single light path. The position of the light spot after laser illumination between two second detectors is determined by the change in time stamps, indicating whether ground subsidence or changes in the underground structure have occurred. To improve the accuracy of the detection data, multiple second detectors can be positioned in the middle of the lower light path, with through-holes on the detectors for light to pass through, or multiple reflectors can be used to reflect the light, enabling observation of the light spot's position. The change in time stamps is then used to determine whether ground subsidence or loosening of the underlying structure has occurred.

[0017] This invention uses a planar detection device to detect the flatness of the top of the second detector. In addition, the planar detection device is used to determine the horizontal position of the tops of multiple second detectors, record the horizontal positions and height differences between them, and compare the last monitored data to determine whether the base will settle and whether the internal structure of the base will loosen. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and installation of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the continuous substrate structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detector mounting bracket structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detector mounting bracket in this invention; Figure 5 This is a structural disassembly diagram of the detector mounting bracket in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second detector in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second detector in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the second detector in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration monitoring instrument in this invention; Figure 10 This is a top view of the second detector in this invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the load early warning method for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation in this invention.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Arch base; 2. Arch frame; 3. Continuous base; 4. First detector; 5. Second detector; 51. Plug; 52. Protective sleeve; 53. Rod; 54. Monitoring strip; 541. First arc-shaped strip; 542. Second arc-shaped strip; 543. Third arc-shaped strip; 55. Mounting base; 56. Jacket; 57. Threaded ring; 6. Detector mounting bracket; 61. Lamp holder; 62. First sliding mounting bracket; 63. Second sliding mounting bracket; 64. Collar; 65. Threaded knob; 7. Calibration monitor; 71. Base; 72. Adjusting rod; 73. Shaft groove; 74. Positioning groove; 75. Adjusting screw; 76. Positioning bar; 77. Adjusting tooth; 78. Rotating shaft; 79. Frame; 80. Calibration mirror; 81. Calibration ring; 82. Adjusting knob. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for load early warning of solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system containing at least one set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0023] The associated method embodiments can also be executed in an electronic device including a memory and a processor, a similar control device, or in the cloud. Taking an electronic device as an example, the electronic device may include one or more processors and a memory for storing data. Optionally, the aforementioned electronic device may also include communication equipment for communication functions and a display device. Those skilled in the art will understand and recognize that the above structural description is merely illustrative and does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a load early warning system for solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation includes a data acquisition device, a data analysis device, and an early warning device. The data acquisition device is used to collect tunnel foundation data obtained by the first detector 4 and the second detector 5. The tunnel foundation data collected by the data acquisition device from the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are digitized. The digitized data is analyzed and organized. By comparing the processed data with data thresholds, the early warning device determines whether the threshold is exceeded and whether to activate the early warning system.

[0025] In addition, at least one laser device is also provided. The laser device is used to irradiate the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, so that light can be connected between adjacent first detectors 4 or second detectors 5. The light is irradiated on the surface of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 through the data acquisition device, and the light is refracted at the top of the second detector 5. The position of the last light irradiating the second detector 5 is recorded through calibration, and the position change of the last light irradiating the second detector 5 is obtained according to the time change. The data is recorded and acquired through timestamp.

[0026] Further reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 An arch frame 2 is installed on the inner side of the arch base 1. The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 pass through the arch frame 2 and the interior of the arch base 1. The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame 2 through the detector mounting bracket 6.

[0027] According to the above structure, when the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are installed on the top of the inner side of the arch base 1, they support the arch base 1 through the arch frame 2. The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are installed at the bottom of the arch frame 2 and inserted into the arch base 1 to monitor the base inside the arch base 1. The detector mounting bracket 6 is installed to prevent the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 from falling off.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The detector mounting bracket 6 includes a lamp holder 61 welded to the inner side of the arch frame 2, and a first sliding mounting bracket 62 and a second sliding mounting bracket 63 movably inserted into both sides of the lamp holder 61. The first sliding mounting bracket 62 and the second sliding mounting bracket 63 are provided with arc-shaped collars 64 protruding from the middle of their corresponding positions. The inner side of the collars 64 is tightly attached to the outer surface of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5.

[0029] According to the above structure, the lamp holder 61 can be installed inside the arch frame 2 by welding or by bolt and nut assembly. After the lamp holder 61 is installed and monitored, it can be retained inside the arch frame 2 and used to install devices such as chandeliers inside the tunnel. In addition, a stress detection device is also installed inside the arch frame 2 to detect whether the arch frame 2 has deformed. This device is used to determine whether the arch frame 2 has undergone structural deformation, so as to further detect the structural stability of the arch base 1 and the arch frame 2. Furthermore, by combining the data obtained by the first detector 4 and the second detector 5, the data is further combined to determine the influencing factors of the data change caused by the change in the data obtained by the first detector 4 and the second detector 5.

[0030] Furthermore, the second sliding mounting bracket 63 is threadedly mounted with at least one threaded knob 65, the end of which abuts against the surface of the collar 64 adjacent to the second sliding mounting bracket 63.

[0031] Based on the above structure, its working principle is as follows: By interlocking the protruding collars 64 of the first sliding mounting bracket 62 and the second sliding mounting bracket 63, and inserting the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 between the two collars 64, the clamping force of the two collars 64 on the outside of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the threaded knob 65. In order to avoid deformation of the second detector 5, a rubber pad can be set between the second detector 5 and the collar 64, or the contact area between the collar 64 and the second detector 5 can be increased to avoid excessive compression of a single point on the outside of the second detector 5 by the collar 64, which would cause shape changes.

[0032] During disassembly, the threaded knob 65 is removed, the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 is pulled out, and the first sliding mounting bracket 62 and the second sliding mounting bracket 63 on both sides are pulled out from both sides of the lamp holder 61, so as to achieve recycling and quick disassembly.

[0033] In addition, to prevent the first sliding mounting bracket 62 from being squeezed by the threaded knobs 65 on both sides and deformed, reinforcing ribs and protrusions are provided on the back surfaces of both the first sliding mounting bracket 62 and the second sliding mounting bracket 63 to resist the deformation force caused by the squeeze at the end of the threaded knobs 65.

[0034] Further integration Figure 6 At least two second detectors 5 are provided, and each of the at least two second detectors 5 is equipped with a corresponding calibration monitor 7. The calibration monitor 7 is equipped with a universally adjustable calibration mirror 80. The position of the multiple calibration monitors 7 is connected through the optical path by the laser device. The position of the light path illuminating the surface of the calibration mirror 80 is used to determine whether the relative position has changed. If there is a change, the warning device will issue a warning.

[0035] During the irradiation process of the aforementioned laser equipment, light transmission can be achieved through the reflector set on the second detector 5. In the interior of a long-span tunnel, at least two corresponding second detectors 5 are set along a single light path. The position of the light spot after laser irradiation is observed between the two second detectors 5, and the change of the time stamp is used to determine whether ground subsidence and changes in the underground structure have occurred. If it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the detection data, multiple second detectors 5 can be set in the middle of the lower light path, and through holes can be set on the second detectors 5 to allow light to pass through, or multiple reflectors can be set to reflect the light, so as to observe the position of the light spot and determine whether ground subsidence and loosening of the internal structure of the base have occurred based on the change of the time stamp.

[0036] Furthermore, the aforementioned data acquisition device also includes at least one plane detection device, a data recording device, and a data storage device. The plane detection device is used to detect the flatness of the top of the second detector 5. In addition, the plane detection device is used to determine the horizontal position of the top of multiple second detectors 5, record the horizontal position and position height difference between them, and compare the last monitored data to determine whether the base will settle and whether the internal structure of the base will loosen.

[0037] Furthermore, the data analysis device is used to input and further process the data collected by the data acquisition device, and output the data processing results through the early warning device, in the form of manual or machine output.

[0038] The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base 1 and the continuous base 3.

[0039] According to the above structure, the first detector 4 includes a sensor at its bottom for mounting, including but not limited to a moisture detector, a temperature detector, etc., or the above sensor can also be mounted at the bottom of the second detector 5. When the sensor is mounted at the bottom of the second detector 5, the rod 53 inside the second detector 5 is hollow for inserting the sensor connection wire.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second detector 5 is internally configured with a rod 53 for mounting the calibration monitoring instrument 7. Multiple monitoring strips 54 are sequentially attached to the outside of the rod 53. Each monitoring strip 54 is divided into at least two parts to determine whether there is any compression on the side of the second detector 5 by judging the drop or angle change at the top of the multiple monitoring strips 54.

[0041] Based on the above structure, its working principle is as follows: When the multi-layer monitoring strip 54 is subjected to external pressure such as soil, the horizontal plane and relative height difference of the top of the multiple monitoring strips 54 will also change. After the second detector 5 is installed, the flatness of the top of the monitoring strip 54 and the relative height difference of the top of the multiple monitoring strips 54 are first detected by the plane detection device. If the horizontal plane of the top of the monitoring strip 54 shifts after the specified monitoring time and the relative height of the top of the multiple monitoring strips 54 changes, it indicates that the internal structure of the base has changed or the base soil layer has shifted, which poses a safety risk.

[0042] Alternatively, after the relative height of the top calibration monitoring instrument 7 of two adjacent or two second detectors 5 at a certain relative height changes, it is also possible to determine whether one of the second detectors 5 has settled or shifted.

[0043] See attached document Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second detector 5 has a cone-shaped plug 51 at one end and a stepped mounting base 55 at the other end. Multiple monitoring strips 54 are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the stepped position of the mounting base 55 by bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips 54 are slidably connected to each other.

[0044] Based on the above structure, the detachability of the second detector 5 structure is further increased. For example, during use, due to large deformation inside the arch base 1 or the continuous base 3, or for different soil types and geological conditions, monitoring strips 54 with different hardness can be selected to achieve special adaptation for different locations. In addition, damaged monitoring strips 54 can also be replaced.

[0045] Furthermore, adjacent monitoring strips 54 are configured as sliding connections, and their surfaces can be coated with lubricant to reduce friction, thereby improving the accuracy of feedback on substrate morphology changes during the detection process and enhancing monitoring accuracy.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The rod 53 and the monitoring strip 54 are elastic metal plates. A protective sleeve 52 is fitted on the outside of the outermost monitoring strip 54. The protective sleeve 52 is an elastic rubber barrel and is fitted to the outside of the monitoring strip 54.

[0047] According to the above structure, the protective sleeve 52 can protect the surface of the outermost monitoring strip 54. When installing the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, in order to improve the tightness of contact between the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 and the interior of the substrate, it is necessary to fill the first detector 4, the second detector 5 and the holes in the substrate with supporting material to improve the accuracy of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 in monitoring and to make them more sensitive to deformation inside the substrate. The supporting material includes, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, plastic particles, fine sand, etc. If there are any residues after removing the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, they can be extracted by grinding with drilling equipment.

[0048] Furthermore, in order to improve the monitoring accuracy of multiple fitted monitoring strips 54, since the longer the monitoring strip 54 is when the substrate acts on the surface of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, the greater the deformation of the end of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, the monitoring strip 54 is set in strip shape, and the monitoring accuracy is improved by adjusting the length of the monitoring strip 54, and the length of the monitoring strip 54 is also adjusted to adapt to substrates of different depths.

[0049] Further reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 A clamp 56 is fixed at the end of the rod 53 away from the plug 51. A screw ring 57 is threaded on the outside of the clamp 56. The screw ring 57 rotates and squeezes multiple clamps 56 to hold the adjustment rod 72 at the end of the calibration monitor 7, so as to realize the adjustable installation of the calibration monitor 7. When the middle is set as a through hole, the position of light passing through the through hole is adjusted by adjusting the lifting height of the calibration monitor 7.

[0050] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 9 The calibration mirror 80 on the calibration monitor 7 is set to be adjustable in a universal manner. This is used when multiple calibration mirrors 80 cannot be aligned after the second detector 5 is installed. The deflection angle of the calibration mirror 80 can be adjusted to refract the optical path of the laser light.

[0051] Specifically, the structure includes the following: the calibration monitor 7 includes a base 71 fixed to the adjusting rod 72, and a lens frame 79 hinged to the top surface of the base 71. The calibration lens 80 is rotatably installed inside the lens frame 79. A shaft groove 73 is provided on the top of the base 71, and at least one positioning groove 74 is provided inside the shaft groove 73. The lens frame 79 is rotatably installed inside the shaft groove 73 by a rotating shaft 78 provided at the bottom of the shaft 78, and is slidably installed inside the positioning groove 74 by a positioning strip 76 provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft 78. Another adjusting tooth 77 with a locking tooth is provided, which is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw 75 that passes through the base 71. By rotating the adjusting screw 75, the adjusting tooth 77 is driven to adjust the pitch angle of the lens frame 79. Furthermore, an adjusting knob 82 is provided vertically on the calibration lens 80 to adjust the horizontal rotation angle of the calibration lens 80.

[0052] Furthermore, an annular calibration ring 81 is provided on the surface of the calibration mirror 80, and the surface of the calibration ring 81 is further divided into sections, each section is labeled with a number, and different numbers are classified by different second detectors 5. The initial value of the light irradiation is determined by recording the light irradiation at different sections of the calibration ring 81. After the detection is completed, the detection results are recorded by detecting the differences in the light irradiation points on the surface of the calibration ring 81, thereby calculating whether the substrate has settled or shifted, or whether the internal structure of the substrate has loosened.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 11 A method for early warning of load on the solidification treatment of loess tunnel foundation, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain multiple sets of monitoring data; S2. Based on the monitoring data, compare the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same item, or multiple groups of single items with the monitoring data that changes with the timestamp. S3. Determine the pattern of the difference change; the difference is the absolute value, and it is compared with a predetermined threshold. S4. Determine whether the threshold of the change difference is exceeded; S5. If the limit is exceeded, the early warning procedure will be activated and an early warning signal will be issued.

[0054] In step S1 above, multiple sets of multi-item monitoring data are acquired. The acquisition method includes recording the readings obtained by the second detector 5 and the calibration monitor 7 during the monitoring process, and storing these readings through a storage device. Multiple sets include data acquired by multiple sets of the second detector 5 or data acquired by multiple sets of the calibration monitor 7 on top of the second detector 5. Multi-item monitoring data includes data corresponding to the multiple sets of the second detector 5, such as... Figure 10 The segmentation data in the first arc-shaped bar 541, the second arc-shaped bar 542, and the third arc-shaped bar 543, or the further segmentation after the segmentation of the calibration ring 81 on the calibration monitor 7, can be referred to Figure 9 .

[0055] In this embodiment, the group in the multiple groups corresponds to the second detector 5 or the calibration ring 81 in this application, and the item in the multiple items corresponds to the a, b, c or d partitions on the top of the second detector 5 in this application, or the partitions divided on the surface of the calibration ring 81.

[0056] In step S2 above, when the same group is designated as multiple second detectors 5 with different installation locations, the initial values ​​of multiple data points on each group of second detectors 5 and the changes in monitoring data over time are compared. The changed data are the corresponding partitions on different second detectors 5, such as partitions a, b, c, or d. The comparison methods include: The comparison of the partition data changes between corresponding a, b, c or d on the second detector 5 in the same group is used to monitor whether the base has loosened or the internal geology has shifted. It also includes a comparison of the horizontal height differences between multiple a, b, c or d values ​​on multiple sets of second detectors 5, either in partitions or overall, to detect whether a certain point of settlement has occurred between the corresponding second detectors 5. The settlement standard (initial value) can be set by setting a standard, such as a vertical ruler or a horizontally stable rod, to monitor the change in vertical height during the settlement test.

[0057] When there are multiple sets of individual items, and these sets are designated as multiple calibration rings 81 with different installation locations, the initial values ​​of the corresponding individual data on each set of calibration rings 81 and the changes in monitoring data over time are considered. The changed data are the corresponding partitions on different calibration rings 81, such as the partitions on the second detector 5, or the partitions are grids. The comparison methods include: The comparison of changes in common single-section data on multiple sets of calibration rings 81 is used to monitor whether the base has become loose or whether the internal geology has shifted and subsided. It also includes a comparison of position change data between corresponding partitions on multiple sets of calibration rings 81, used to detect whether the calibration rings 81 have settled or shifted, to set standard values, namely the initial laser positions on multiple calibration rings 81, and to fix the vertical and horizontal height of the laser device.

[0058] In step S3, the difference change pattern includes the height change difference between the top a, b, c or d of the second detector 5 over time, or the height difference change between at least two corresponding top a, b, c or d of the second detector 5. It also includes the change in the position of the laser irradiation zone on the surface of a calibration ring 81, and the change pattern of the laser irradiation area on the surface of at least two calibration rings 81; Both of the above states are used to determine the settlement or tilting state of two or more installation calibration rings 81.

[0059] In each of the above steps, a change threshold is set. By determining whether the threshold is exceeded, the process proceeds to step S5 to provide an early warning.

[0060] In step S4, the method for determining whether the threshold of the change difference is exceeded includes manually issuing a warning based on the entered change difference information, and directly outputting alarm information by calculating whether the difference exceeds the threshold through a computer.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1-3 As shown, a method for solidifying the foundation of loess tunnels includes the following steps: SS1. After the tunnel excavation is completed, an arch frame 2 is installed inside the arch base 1 for support; SS2. Using a ramming device, the multi-layer continuous foundation 3 is compacted layer by layer; SS3. After compacting multiple layers and forming a continuous base 3, the continuous base 3 is leveled. SS4. On the leveled surface of the continuous substrate 3, multiple uniform holes are set on the surface of the continuous substrate 3 using a drilling device. The size of the holes depends on the thickness of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5. SS5, insert the first detector 4 and the second detector 5, the distribution pattern and the number of holes are based on the loess soil quality, moisture and other factors; SS6. Fill the side of the inserted first detector 4 or second detector 5 with filling material to make the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 in close contact with the side wall of the hole in the continuous base 3. SS7. Assuming a laser device, and adjusting the angle of the calibration ring 81 on the calibration monitor 7, measure the initial value on the calibration ring 81 and the initial value at the top of the second detector 5; SS8. Within a specified time period, measure and record the change of the initial value over time. SS9. Calculate the difference and determine whether to issue a warning based on the threshold of the difference; SS10. Select a repair plan for the warning information and the difference information; SS11. After the repair is completed, mortar is poured into the hole or mortar is poured in after steel reinforcement is added. SS12. Lay the floor and install the ceiling lights.

[0062] Based on step S3 above: The threshold is automatically set and optimized. The automatic setting and optimization method includes the following steps: S301. Acquire and identify soil information and historical monitoring data of similar soil types; S302. Analyze the trends and patterns of historical similar soil information with time stamps. S303. Compare the changes in monitoring data with historical data change models, and use the changes in the change models to automatically optimize the set thresholds. In step S301, the soil information includes, but is not limited to, soil looseness, displacement, pressure, temperature, humidity, and sand content. The soil looseness is affected by factors such as sand content and humidity. Five cubic meters of soil are used and compressed using a compression device. The minimum volume after compression is taken as the standard.

[0063] In step S302, historical similar soil information is analyzed. In addition to the data in step S301, the soil model formed by the above data is also included, as well as the data information after removing outliers and noise. The trend of change with time stamp and the data change pattern are the data changes of various data in the actual monitoring process in the soil model formed by the data. The data includes the changes of variable factors such as displacement and humidity. The Z-score method is used to detect and remove outliers.

[0064] ; in, It is a certain data point. It is the average of the data. It is the standard deviation of the data.

[0065] when If the value is greater than 3, the data point is considered an outlier. When removing outliers, the factors that cause the outliers are determined. For a detailed reference on the factors that cause outliers, please refer to the relevant documentation.

[0066] In step S303, the changing patterns of the historical data change model, i.e., the trend analysis, is calculated and analyzed using linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), neural network, etc. In this application, linear regression model is preferably used to identify the trend of the data. ; in For monitoring data, For time, and It is the regression coefficient. The error term is used to estimate the regression coefficients using the least squares method. ; ; The predictive model uses linear regression for prediction. ; in, For predicted values, It is time. and These are the estimated regression coefficients.

[0067] Error identification and calculation, that is, calculating the error between the predicted value and the actual value: ; in, It is the first Error per data point This is the actual value. This is a predicted value.

[0068] The automatic optimization of the set thresholds specifically includes the following steps: S3031, Initial warning threshold, obtaining engineering management process, preliminary analysis method and prediction model data; The method for adjusting the threshold based on the error uses the following formula: ; in, For the new threshold, For the old threshold, It is an adjustment factor. It is the mean absolute error; ; S3032. Adjust the threshold size according to the magnitude of the error; S3033. Based on the prediction model data and prediction trend, predict whether the future base state trend is stable, and use this to adjust the size of the threshold. Among them, the threshold adjustment based on trend: ; in, It is the change in the predicted value, which can be obtained by calculating the difference between the predicted values ​​at adjacent time points: ; S3034. Adjust the threshold value based on current environmental factors; ; in, It is a function of environmental factors, for example: ; in, and It is the weighting coefficient.

[0069] S3035. Based on the above method, a threshold prediction system is constructed and applied to the actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the pre-construction. S3036. Verify that the above threshold prediction system method uses a manual intervention mechanism, and determine the accuracy and threshold adjustment through manual intervention.

[0070] Based on steps S3035 and S3036, for the verification of the threshold, calculate the false alarm rate and false negative rate under the new threshold: ; ; in, It is the number of false alarms. The number of true negatives. It is the number of underreported items. This is the number of true positive results.

[0071] Based on the above steps, data preprocessing, trend analysis, prediction model construction, and threshold optimization are performed to calculate the accuracy and reliability of predicted values ​​and thresholds, and to provide a mathematical basis for automated threshold setting optimization.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of loads in a loess tunnel base solidification treatment, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtain multiple sets of multiple monitoring data; According to the monitoring data, comparing the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same items, or multiple groups of single items with the difference of the monitoring data changing with the timestamp; Determine the variation rule of the difference, where the difference is an absolute value, compare it with a predetermined threshold value, and determine whether it exceeds the threshold value of the variation difference; If it exceeds, the early warning program will be activated and a warning signal will be issued; Wherein, the threshold is automatically set for optimization, and the method for automatically setting the optimization comprises the following steps: Obtain and identify soil information and historical similar soil information monitoring data; Analyze the trend of historical similar soil information and data change rules with time stamps; The change law of the monitoring data is compared with the historical data change model, and the threshold is automatically optimized and set according to the change law; the automatic optimization and setting of the threshold specifically includes the following steps: Initial warning thresholds, obtaining engineering management processes, preliminary analysis methods and predictive model data; Based on the size of the error, adjust the threshold accordingly; Based on the prediction model data and prediction trend, predict whether the future substrate state trend is stable, which is used to adjust the threshold value; Adjust the threshold value based on current environmental factors; According to the above method, a threshold prediction system is constructed and applied to the actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of prefabrication; The above threshold prediction system method is verified using a manual intervention mechanism, and the accuracy and threshold adjustment are determined through manual intervention.

2. A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Acquiring the plurality of sets of multiple monitoring data includes recording readings obtained by the second detector (5) and the calibration monitor (7) during the monitoring process, and recording and storing the readings via a storage device; The plurality of groups include a plurality of groups of data acquired by the second detector (5) or a plurality of groups of data acquired by the calibration monitor (7) on the top of the second detector (5); The plurality of monitoring data includes segmented data in the first arc strip (541), the second arc strip (542) and the third arc strip (543) corresponding to the plurality of groups of second detectors (5), or further segmented data after the calibration ring (81) on the calibration monitor (7) is segmented.

3. A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition device, the data acquisition device being used to acquire tunnel basement data acquired by the deployed first detector (4) and the second detector (5); A data analysis device, which digitally processes the tunnel base data of the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) collected by the data collection device, analyzes and organizes the digitally processed data, and compares the processed data with a data threshold; The early warning device compares the data with a threshold value, determines whether the threshold value is exceeded, and determines whether to activate the early warning system.

4. A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device, using a loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first detector (4) and the second detector (5) are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base (1) and the floor base (3); At least two of the second detectors (5) are provided, and at least two of the second detectors (5) are respectively provided with corresponding calibration monitors (7), and the calibration monitors (7) corresponding to each other are provided with universally adjustable calibration mirrors (80), and the position connection between the plurality of calibration monitors (7) is achieved through an optical path by means of a laser device provided, and the position on the surface of the calibration mirror (80) is irradiated through the optical path to determine whether the relative position has changed; If there is a change, the warning device will issue a warning; The interior of the second detector (5) is provided with a rod body (53) for mounting a calibration monitor (7), and the outer side of the rod body (53) is sequentially connected with a plurality of monitoring strips (54), wherein the monitoring strips (54) are at least equally divided into two, and are used to determine whether the side surface of the second detector (5) is squeezed by judging the height difference or angle change of the tops of the plurality of monitoring strips (54).

5. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: An arch frame (2) is supported and installed on the inner side of the arch base (1); the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) penetrate the arch frame (2) and the arch base (1); and the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame (2) via a detector mounting frame (6).

6. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The detector mounting frame (6) comprises a lamp holder (61) welded to the inner side of the arch frame (2), and a first sliding mounting frame (62) and a second sliding mounting frame (63) movably plugged into the two sides of the lamp holder (61), wherein an arc-shaped collar (64) is protruding from corresponding positions in the middle of the first sliding mounting frame (62) and the second sliding mounting frame (63), and the inner side of the collar (64) is tightly fitted on the outer surface of the first detector (4) and the second detector (5).

7. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: At least one threaded knob (65) is threadedly mounted through the second sliding mounting frame (63), and an end of the threaded knob (65) abuts against a surface of the collar (64) adjacent to the second sliding mounting frame (63).

8. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The end of the second detector (5) is provided with a conical plug (51), and the other end of the plug (51) is provided with a stepped mounting seat (55), and a plurality of mutually fitting monitoring strips (54) are respectively fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the stepped positions of the mounting seat (55) by means of bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips (54) are slidably connected to each other.

9. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The rod body (53) and the monitoring strip (54) are elastic metal plates, and a protective sleeve (52) is sleeved on the outer side of the monitoring strip (54) located at the outermost layer. The protective sleeve (52) is an elastic rubber barrel, and the protective sleeve (52) is fitted on the outer side of the monitoring strip (54).

10. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A jacket (56) is fixed to the end of the rod body (53) facing away from the plug (51), and a screw ring (57) is threadedly mounted on the outer side of the jacket (56). The screw ring (57) is used to rotate and squeeze a plurality of jackets (56) to clamp the adjustment rod (72) at the end of the calibration monitor (7).

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