Multi-channel spectrum oil stain detection device based on switching optical filter and recognition algorithm

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-channel spectrum oil stain detection device based on switching optical filters and an identification algorithm. An optical filter switching module is connected with a slicing control module through a signal line to switch the optical filters; the slice control module is used for selectively opening or closing the optical filters which are arranged in a combined and superposed manner so as to realize accurate selection and switching of light rays with different wavelengths or colors; the optical filter switching module is mounted at a light inlet of the optical lens module; the optical lens module is mounted on the detector module; the detector module is connected with the information processing module, and the information processing module is connected with the slicing control module at the same time. Corresponding channels can be selected in a free superposition mode, light rays of various colors or wavelengths can be processed at the same time, and accurate selection of the light rays of different wavelengths or colors is achieved through switching of optical filters; the device has the advantages of being small in size, low in cost, easy to control and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of optical applications, and in particular relates to a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device and a recognition algorithm based on a switching filter. Background Art

[0002] When oil spills occur, an oil film quickly forms on the water surface, which hinders the water's absorption of oxygen, seriously affects the ecological environment of the water, and causes the death of a large number of aquatic organisms. At the same time, harmful substances in the oil may enter the human body through the food chain, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Therefore, it is very important to propose a method that can accurately detect and identify oil on the water surface.

[0003] Multispectral remote sensing technology is an environmental monitoring technology that uses the differences in the optical properties of materials. It can obtain the optical properties and spatial information of the monitoring target, more accurately identify the location of oil pollution on the water surface, and provide accurate information for subsequent pollution control. Therefore, multispectral remote sensing technology is widely used in the field of surface oil pollution detection, but the existing hyperspectral imaging technology equipment and instruments occupy too much space, the actual operation steps are complicated, and the cost is high, which limits its practical application. Based on this, for the detection of surface oil pollution in inland rivers, a dedicated Summary of the invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device and identification algorithm based on switchable filters. This device adopts a filter switching module that can be easily switched, can select the corresponding channel by free superposition, can process multiple colors or wavelengths of light at the same time, and realize accurate selection of different wavelengths or colors of light; and then use it for oil pollution detection, which has the advantages of small size, low cost, and easy control.

[0004] In order to realize the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switching filters, comprising a filter switching module for combining and superimposing filters, wherein the filter switching module is connected to a slice control module via a signal line; The slice control module is used to selectively turn on or off the filters arranged in combination and superposition, so as to achieve accurate selection and switching of light of different wavelengths or colors; The filter switching module is installed at the light inlet of the optical lens module; The optical lens module is installed on the detector module; The detector module is connected to the information processing module, and the information processing module is also connected to the slice control module.

[0005] Preferably, the filter switching module includes a mounting cylinder, a plurality of groups of filter mounting holes are evenly processed on the outer circumference of the mounting cylinder, filters are selectively installed on the filter mounting holes, and screw holes are processed on the end surface of the mounting cylinder at the positions of the filter mounting holes, and the filters are locked by screws at the positions of the screw holes.

[0006] Preferably, there are multiple groups of filter mounting holes which are evenly arranged on the mounting cylinder in a circumferential manner, there are also multiple groups of filter mounting holes located in the same busbar direction, and adjacent filter mounting holes located in different busbar directions are staggered.

[0007] Preferably, there are a plurality of groups of filters, which are installed at the locations of the filter installation holes by plug-in means.

[0008] Preferably, the filter includes a filter mounting plate, a lens mounting frame is arranged on the filter mounting plate, a white filter and a coated filter are respectively installed at the positions of the lens mounting frames, a mounting shell is arranged at the tail of the filter mounting plate, an electromagnet is arranged inside the mounting shell, and the white filter and the coated filter are switched by rotating the electromagnet; the electromagnet is connected to the slicing control module through a signal line.

[0009] Preferably, the detector module selects a unit detector or an array detector; The information processing module selects a single chip microcomputer.

[0010] Preferably, a multi-channel imaging spectrum oil type recognition algorithm is implemented by using the multi-channel spectrum oil pollution detection device based on switching filters: The target optical signal passes through the central wavelength λ i The detector module detects the light intensity after passing through the filter and the optical lens module as y i The method of oil type identification is to save the standard database of various oils through the database, and then use the recognition algorithm to identify them. The specific steps of the recognition algorithm are: Step 1: Select multiple standard oils to be tested, detect them through a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device, and save the multi-channel spectral data Y of the standard oils i ; Step 2: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data and select the spectral data Y of the strongest channel m , let P array elements: P i =Y i / Y m ; Step 3: Measure the multi-channel spectral data of the sample to obtain the multi-channel light intensity data y i ; Step 4: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data of the tested sample and select the spectral data y of the strongest channel m , let Q array elements: Q i =y i / y m ; Step 5: Set the threshold Y t , remove the P array values ​​and Q array values ​​that are less than the threshold, and ensure that the number of elements in the two arrays is equal, forming two new arrays and , the number of array elements is k; Step 6: Calculate two new arrays and The absolute value of the corresponding element difference is summed and divided by the total number of elements k. The formula is: ; Step 7: Calculate the similarity of the measurement results D = (1-R) ​​* 100%, where complete similarity is 100% and complete dissimilarity is 0%; Step 8: Sort the stored standard oil types according to the similarity, and the name of the tested sample that ranks first and has a similarity greater than 90% is considered to be the tested oil type.

[0011] During the multi-channel spectral data detection process of the multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device: Selectively install multiple filters with different filtering properties at the location of the filter mounting holes, and then fix them with screws. After the fixation is completed, install the entire filter switching module on the optical lens module. In the actual light collection process, the filters are selectively switched according to the needs. Each filter is designed to allow only light in a specific wavelength range to pass through and block other wavelengths. The slice control module is responsible for quickly and accurately switching different filters according to the needs, thereby realizing the color or wavelength selection of the incident light.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Multi-channel design: The filter switching module of the present invention includes multiple filters, each filter corresponds to a channel. This design enables the device to process multiple colors or wavelengths of light at the same time, improving work efficiency and flexibility.

[0013] 2. Switching device: The filter switching module is a key component to achieve fast filter switching. It usually uses a rotating electromagnet to ensure the stability and accuracy of the filter during the switching process.

[0014] 3.Optimization of optical performance: In order to improve the transmittance of light and the quality of imaging, the filters and switching devices are carefully designed optically. The filters are made of high transmittance and low scattering materials, while the switching device ensures that no additional light loss or distortion is introduced during the switching process.

[0015] 4. Spatial structure optimization: The filter switching module evenly arranges multiple staggered filter mounting holes on the same mounting cylinder in a circular pattern. Each filter mounting hole can selectively insert a dual-channel filter switching device, so that different filters can be selectively used in superposition to achieve the selection of specific colors or wavelengths of light. The entire device has a compact structure, small size, and occupies little space.

[0016] 5. Easy to use: The filter switching module can pre-install all dual-channel filter switching devices by taking advantage of the switching function of the filter itself. In the subsequent use process, it can be convenient to use and control by selectively switching the corresponding filter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the filter switching module of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the filter of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the installation cylinder of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is the corresponding relationship between the oil pollution spectrum curve of the present invention and the filters with different central wavelengths.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a basic principle diagram of the oil type identification algorithm of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: filter switching module 1, optical lens module 2, detector module 3, information processing module 4, slice control module 5; Install the barrel 101, the filter 102, the signal line 103, the filter installation hole 104, and the screw hole 105; Filter mounting plate 1021 , lens mounting frame 1022 , and mounting housing 1023 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1-4 , a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switching filters, including a filter switching module 1 for combining and superimposing filters, the filter 102 of the filter switching module 1 is connected to the slice control module 5 through a signal line 103; the slice control module 5 is used to selectively open or close the combined superimposed filters 102 to achieve accurate selection and switching of different wavelengths or colors of light; the filter switching module 1 is installed at the light inlet of the optical lens module 2; the optical lens module 2 is installed on the detector module 3; the detector module 3 is connected to the information processing module 4, and the information processing module 4 is also connected to the slice control module 5. By adopting the above-mentioned oil pollution detection device, which uses the environmental monitoring technology of the difference in the optical properties of the material, it can obtain the optical properties and spatial information of the monitoring target, more accurately identify the location of the oil pollution on the water surface, and provide accurate information for subsequent pollution control. This device can adopt a filter switching module that can be easily switched, can select the corresponding channel by free superposition, can process multiple colors or wavelengths of light at the same time, and realize the precise selection and switching of different wavelengths or colors of light; and then use it in oil pollution detection, which has the advantages of small size, low cost, and easy control.

[0027] Further, the optical filter switching module 1 includes a mounting cylinder 101, and the outer circumference of the mounting cylinder 101 is uniformly processed with multiple groups of optical filter mounting holes 104, and the optical filter 102 is selectively installed on the optical filter mounting holes 104. The end surface of the mounting cylinder 101 is processed with screw holes 105 at the positions of the optical filter mounting holes 104, and the positions of the screw holes 105 are used to lock the optical filter 102 by screws. Through the above-mentioned optical filter switching module 1, the corresponding optical filter can be selected according to the filtering requirements.

[0028] Furthermore, there are four groups of filter mounting holes 104 that are evenly arranged on the mounting cylinder 101 in a circumferential manner, and there are multiple groups of filter mounting holes 104 located in the same busbar direction, and adjacent filter mounting holes 104 located in different busbar directions are arranged in a staggered manner, thereby ensuring that multiple filters will not interfere with each other after being inserted into the mounting cylinder 101.

[0029] Furthermore, there are four groups of filters 102, which are installed at the location of the filter installation hole 104 by plug-in. The combined use of the above-mentioned multiple groups of filters 102 ensures that each filter corresponds to one channel. This design enables the device to process multiple colors or wavelengths of light at the same time, thereby improving work efficiency and flexibility.

[0030] Furthermore, the filter 102 includes a filter mounting plate 1021, on which a lens mounting frame 1022 is provided, and the positions of the lens mounting frame 1022 are respectively installed with white filters and coated filters, and a mounting shell 1023 is provided at the tail of the filter mounting plate 1021, and an electromagnet is provided inside the mounting shell 1023, and the white filter and the coated filter are switched by rotating the electromagnet; the electromagnet is connected to the slice control module 5 through the signal line 103.

[0031] Furthermore, the detector module 3 selects a unit detector or an array detector; and the information processing module 4 selects a single chip microcomputer.

[0032] Embodiment 3: The filter 102 adopts a switchable lens controlled by a rotating electromagnet currently available on the market, and the specific model is DC3V-DC5V, and the rotating electromagnet is used to switch between the white lens and the coated lens. The four dual-channel filter switching devices are placed in the mounting cylinder 101, and the filter switching module 1 can realize the superposition of eight filters in different ways.

[0033] Each dual-channel filter switching device is equipped with filters of different wavelengths, which are automatically switched by rotating electromagnets, so that they can be automatically switched and superimposed according to needs in actual use.

[0034] Embodiment 4: The filter 102 may also adopt the existing double filter switch with trapezoidal strip holes and high retention force disclosed in the existing CN 220691167 U.

[0035] Embodiment 5: 1. Basic principles of the filter switching module of the present invention: The working principle of the multi-channel filter switching device is based on the selective transmission characteristics of the filter. Each coated filter is designed to allow only light of a specific wavelength range to pass through, while blocking other wavelengths. The switching device is responsible for quickly and accurately switching different coated filters according to needs, thereby realizing the color or wavelength selection of the incident light.

[0036] The principle of the filter switching device is that through a circuit control board and a switching device, when light passes through the device, the switching device moves the corresponding coated filter into the light path according to a preset instruction or external signal. Subsequently, the light passes through the selected coated filter, and only the light that meets the transmission characteristics of the coated filter can continue to propagate. In this way, the multi-channel filter switching device can realize the selection of light of different colors or wavelengths.

[0037] 2. Multi-channel filter structure design: Filter stacking is a common optical processing method. Its principle is to filter or select light of a specific wavelength through the combination of multiple coated filters to achieve a specific optical effect. When multiple coated filters are stacked together, their effects are multiplied.

[0038] Specifically, each coated filter will filter or select the light that passes through it to a certain extent, and when they are used in combination, the effects of these filters or selections will be superimposed on each other, making the light that finally passes through have more specific properties. For example, if a red filter and a green filter are superimposed on each other, only light that can pass through both filters can finally pass through. Since the red and green filters only allow red light and green light to pass through respectively, after the two filters are superimposed, only light with both red and green components will be allowed to pass, that is, yellow light.

[0039] It should be noted that when filters are superimposed, their order may affect the result. Because different filters may have different absorption and reflection characteristics of light, the order of superposition may affect the final light composition and intensity.

[0040] In addition, filter stacking may also bring some additional optical effects, such as light interference and diffraction, etc. These effects may have a certain impact on the final optical effect, so these factors need to be fully considered when using filter stacking.

[0041] In general, the use of filter stacking is an effective optical processing method that can filter and select light of specific wavelengths. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate filter type and stacking order according to specific needs to achieve the best optical effect.

[0042] Embodiment 6: The multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection principle of the multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on the switching filter of the present invention is as follows: When the light emitted by the light source shines on the surface of the oil on the water, the reflected light and fluorescent signal generated are filtered by the filter and then imaged on the surface of the camera's imaging sensor. Since the bandpass wavelength range of the filter is different, images of different spectral bands can be formed through the camera. When the oil on the water surface is illuminated by an external light source, the light intensities detected at the same position corresponding to different spectral bands are different, thereby realizing target images corresponding to different spectral bands. Figure 5 The corresponding relationship between the oil spectrum curve and the filters with different central wavelengths is shown, where the central wavelengths of the filters are λ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5,λ......., the bandwidth of the filter is Δλ 1 , Δλ 2 , Δλ 3 , Δλ 4 , Δλ 5 , Δλ........ For the oil spectrum within a certain wavelength range, multiple filters with central wavelengths can be selected, and the spectral images of the corresponding wavelengths can be obtained through the camera. The same pixel of multiple images can be selected, and the intensity values ​​after filtering by different filters can be compared and analyzed to identify the type of oil and calculate the thickness of the oil film.

[0043] Embodiment 7: A multi-channel imaging spectrum oil type recognition algorithm, the recognition algorithm is implemented by using the multi-channel spectrum oil pollution detection device based on switching filters: Its basic principle is Figure 6 As shown, the target optical signal passes through the central wavelength λ i The detector module 3 detects that the light intensity after passing through the filter 102 and the optical lens module 2 is y i The method of oil type identification is to save the standard database of various oils through the database, and then use the recognition algorithm to identify them. The specific steps of the recognition algorithm are: Step 1: Select multiple standard oils to be tested, detect them through a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device, and save the multi-channel spectral data Y of the standard oils i ; Step 2: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data and select the spectral data Y of the strongest channel m , let P array elements: P i =Y i / Y m ; Step 3: Measure the multi-channel spectral data of the sample to obtain the multi-channel light intensity data y i ; Step 4: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data of the tested sample and select the spectral data y of the strongest channel m , let Q array elements: Q i =y i / y m ; Step 5: Set the threshold Y t , remove the P array values ​​and Q array values ​​that are less than the threshold, and ensure that the number of elements in the two arrays is equal, forming two new arrays and , the number of array elements is k; Step 6: Calculate two new arrays and The absolute value of the corresponding element difference is summed and divided by the total number of elements k. The formula is: ; Step 7: Calculate the similarity of the measurement results D = (1-R) ​​* 100%, where complete similarity is 100% and complete dissimilarity is 0%; Step 8: Sort the stored standard oil types according to the similarity, and the name of the tested sample that ranks first and has a similarity greater than 90% is considered to be the tested oil type.

[0044] Embodiment 8: During the multi-channel spectral data detection process of the multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device: Selectively install multiple filters 102 with different filtering properties at the location of the filter mounting hole 104, and then fix them with screws. After the fixation is completed, the entire filter switching module 1 is installed on the optical lens module 2. In the actual light collection process, the filter 102 is selectively switched according to the needs of use. Each filter 102 is designed to only allow light in a specific wavelength range to pass through and block other wavelengths. The slicing control module 5 is responsible for quickly and accurately switching different filters according to needs, thereby realizing the color or wavelength selection of the incident light.

Claims

1. A multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switching filters, characterized in that: It comprises a filter switching module (1) for combining and superimposing filters, wherein the filter switching module (1) is connected to a slicing control module (5) via a signal line (103); The slice control module (5) is used to selectively turn on or off the filters (102) that are arranged in a combined and superimposed manner, so as to achieve accurate selection and switching of light of different wavelengths or colors; The filter switching module (1) is installed at the light inlet of the optical lens module (2); The optical lens module (2) is mounted on the detector module (3); The detector module (3) is connected to the information processing module (4), and the information processing module (4) is also connected to the slice control module (5).

2. According to claim 1, a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switchable filters is characterized in that: The optical filter switching module (1) comprises a mounting cylinder (101), the outer circumference of the mounting cylinder (101) being uniformly machined with a plurality of groups of optical filter mounting holes (104), optical filters (102) being selectively mounted on the optical filter mounting holes (104), and screw holes (105) being machined on the end surface of the mounting cylinder (101) and located at the positions of the optical filter mounting holes (104), and the optical filters (102) being locked by screws at the positions of the screw holes (105).

3. According to claim 2, a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switchable filters is characterized in that: The filter installation holes (104) are provided in a plurality of groups and are evenly arranged in a circumferential manner on the installation cylinder (101); there are also a plurality of groups of filter installation holes (104) located in the same busbar direction, and adjacent filter installation holes (104) located in different busbar directions are arranged in a staggered manner.

4. According to claim 3, a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switchable filters is characterized in that: There are a total of multiple groups of filters (102), which are installed at the locations of the filter installation holes (104) by means of plug-in.

5. The multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switchable filters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optical filter (102) comprises an optical filter mounting plate (1021), a lens mounting frame (1022) is arranged on the optical filter mounting plate (1021), a white filter and a coated filter are respectively mounted at positions corresponding to the positions of the lens mounting frame (1022), a mounting housing (1023) is arranged at the rear of the optical filter mounting plate (1021), an electromagnet is arranged inside the mounting housing (1023), and the white filter and the coated filter are switched by rotating the electromagnet; the electromagnet is connected to the slicing control module (5) via a signal line (103).

6. The multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on switchable filters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The detector module (3) selects a unit detector or an array detector; The information processing module (4) selects a single chip microcomputer.

7. An algorithm for identifying oil types using multi-channel imaging spectra, characterized in that: The identification algorithm is implemented by a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device based on a switching filter as described in any one of claims 1 to 6: The target optical signal passes through the central wavelength λ i The detector module (3) detects that the light intensity after passing through the filter (102) and the optical lens module (2) is y. i The method of oil type identification is to save the standard database of various oils through the database, and then use the recognition algorithm to identify them. The specific steps of the recognition algorithm are: Step 1: Select multiple standard oils to be tested, detect them through a multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device, and save the multi-channel spectral data Y of the standard oils i ; Step 2: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data and select the spectral data Y of the strongest channel m , let P array elements: P i =And i / AND m ; Step 3: Measure the multi-channel spectral data of the sample to obtain the multi-channel light intensity data y i ; Step 4: Compare the multi-channel spectral intensity data of the tested sample and select the spectral data y of the strongest channel m , let Q array elements: Q i =and i / and m ; Step 5: Set the threshold Y t , remove the P array values ​​and Q array values ​​that are less than the threshold, and ensure that the number of elements in the two arrays is equal, forming two new arrays and , the number of array elements is k; Step 6: Calculate two new arrays and The absolute value of the corresponding element difference is summed and divided by the total number of elements k. The formula is: ； Step 7: Calculate the similarity of the measurement results D = (1-R) ​​* 100%, where complete similarity is 100% and complete dissimilarity is 0%; Step 8: Sort the stored standard oil types according to the similarity, and the name of the tested sample that ranks first and has a similarity greater than 90% is considered to be the tested oil type.

8. The oil type identification algorithm of multi-channel imaging spectrum according to claim 7 is characterized in that: During the multi-channel spectral data detection process of the multi-channel spectral oil pollution detection device: A plurality of filters (102) with different filtering properties are selectively installed at the locations of the filter mounting holes (104) and then fixed with screws. After the fixing is completed, the entire filter switching module (1) is installed on the optical lens module (2). During the actual light collection process, the filters (102) are selectively switched according to the use needs. Each filter (102) is designed to allow only light within a specific wavelength range to pass through, while blocking other wavelengths. The slice control module (5) is responsible for quickly and accurately switching different filters according to the needs, thereby realizing the color or wavelength selection of the incident light.

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