Electrochromic smart window for annual dynamic photo-thermal management

Abstract

The invention provides an electrochromic smart window for annual dynamic photo-thermal management. The intelligent window comprises a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer and a reflective film which are sequentially arranged in a first direction, and the emissive electrolyte layer is used for transmitting light of a sunlight band and emitting light of a middle infrared band; when the positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance of the sunlight wave band is increased, and when the negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance of the sunlight wave band is reduced; and the reflecting film is used for transmitting the light of the sunlight band and reflecting the light of the middle infrared band. Therefore, the intelligent window realizes coupling of an electrochemical process and a photo-thermal regulation and control process and complete decoupling of regulation and control of a sunlight wave band and a middle-infrared wave band, can effectively realize large-amplitude dynamic regulation and control of multiple wave bands of visible light, near-infrared and middle-infrared wave bands, and is helpful for realizing warm winter and cool summer in a room using the intelligent window.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to an electrochromic smart window for year-round dynamic light and heat management. Background Art

[0002] Building energy consumption accounts for 30% of the world's total energy consumption, of which about 40% is directly related to the operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, which brings environmental, economic and safety challenges to sustainable future development. As the main medium for energy exchange between indoor and outdoor environments, windows play a vital role in building energy consumption, and the energy consumption caused by them accounts for about 20% of the energy loss of air conditioning systems. Therefore, vigorously developing energy-saving windows is an important way to reduce building energy consumption.

[0003] However, to optimize the energy-saving efficiency of windows, it is necessary to fully consider the impact of solar radiation and thermal radiation from objects on the interior through windows. In cold seasons, ideal energy-saving windows should have high solar radiation transmittance to make full use of external solar radiation for indoor heating, while maintaining low thermal emissivity to prevent internal heat loss. In hot seasons, energy-saving windows should have low solar radiation transmittance to block external solar radiation, while maximizing thermal emissivity to dissipate internal heat. In addition, optical switching between different states can be stimulated by electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical control. Among them, electrochromic smart windows, as an effective active control technology, only need to input a small voltage to change the color and transmittance of the window, thereby effectively improving the energy efficiency and aesthetics of the interior space of the building. However, for dynamic multi-band smart windows, there is still a lack of effective means of large-scale regulation, high efficiency and low cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. To this end, one object of the present invention is to propose an electrochromic smart window for dynamic light and heat management throughout the year, which can effectively achieve large-scale dynamic regulation of multiple bands including visible light, near infrared and mid-infrared bands.

[0005] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an electrochromic smart window for dynamic photothermal management throughout the year. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the new electrochromic smart window for dynamic photothermal management throughout the year includes a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer and a reflective film arranged in sequence in a first direction, wherein the emissive electrolyte layer is used to transmit light in the solar band and emit light in the mid-infrared band; when a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance of the solar band increases, and when a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance of the solar band decreases; the reflective film is used to transmit light in the solar band and reflect light in the mid-infrared band. As a result, the smart window realizes the coupling of the electrochemical process and the photothermal regulation process, as well as the complete decoupling of the regulation of the solar band and the mid-infrared band. Specifically: the smart window can control the "presence" and "absence" of the electrolyte by electric drive to realize the dynamic regulation of the mid-infrared emissivity; the dynamic regulation of the transmittance of the solar band is realized by introducing the electrochromic layer. Finally, the smart window of the present invention can effectively realize large-scale dynamic regulation of multiple bands including visible light, near infrared and mid-infrared bands, which helps to keep the room using the smart window warm in winter and cool in summer.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smart window further includes a glass layer and / or a protective layer, wherein the glass layer is arranged between the reflective film and the second transparent electrode layer, and the protective layer is arranged on a side of the first transparent electrode layer away from the emissive electrolyte layer.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first transparent electrode layer is in a ring structure.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the first transparent electrode layer includes one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten, and calcium; and the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1 nm to 100 cm.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer includes lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethaneborate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide lithium, bisfluorosulfonyl imide lithium, bisoxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium oxalate borate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxynitride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitride, lithium iodide, lithium germanium sulfide, lithium tetrasulfide, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluoride, bistrifluoromethanesulfonate, The invention relates to a novel electrolytic layer comprising one or more of zinc sulfide, zinc oxyfluoride sulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, and aluminum hydroxide; the solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001M to 100M.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the electrochromic layer includes one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, viologens, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiafulvalene, and metal phthalocyanine compounds.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5V to 5V, and / or the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10nm to 0.1cm.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reflective film includes one or more of an indium tin oxide film, a fluorine-doped tin oxide film, a zinc aluminum oxide film, a silver nanowire film, a silver film, a gold film, a copper film, gold nanoparticles / silicon dioxide / aluminum, an aluminum dioxide film, an anhydrous xanthine film, an aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, and a silicon nitride film;

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective film is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, and / or the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart window in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a smart window in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 is a top view of a first transparent electrode layer in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a spectral performance diagram of the smart window in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The scheme of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer and are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0021] The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0022] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an electrochromic smart window for dynamic light and heat management throughout the year. Figure 1 and Figure 2, the smart window includes a first transparent electrode layer 10, an emissive electrolyte layer 20, an electrochromic layer 30, a second transparent electrode layer 40 and a reflective film 50 arranged in sequence in a first direction, wherein the emissive electrolyte layer 20 is used to transmit light in the solar band and emit light in the mid-infrared band; when a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer 30, the light transmittance in the solar band increases, and when a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance in the solar band decreases; the reflective film 50 is used to transmit light in the solar band and reflect light in the mid-infrared band. Thus, the smart window realizes the coupling of the electrochemical process and the photothermal regulation process, as well as the complete decoupling of the regulation of the solar band and the mid-infrared band; and the smart window can control the "presence" and "absence" of the electrolyte through electric drive to realize the dynamic regulation of the mid-infrared emissivity; in addition, the dynamic regulation of the solar band transmittance is realized by introducing the electrochromic layer. Finally, the smart window of the present invention can effectively realize large-scale dynamic regulation of multiple bands including visible light, near infrared and mid-infrared bands, and can realize dynamic changes throughout the year, which helps the room using the smart window to be warm in winter and cool in summer. It should be noted that the reflective film is arranged close to the room, that is, the first direction mentioned above refers to the direction extending from the outside to the inside.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, voltage can be applied to the emissive electrolyte layer and the electrochromic layer through the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer; the emissive electrolyte layer has the characteristic of optical transparency. In addition, due to its molecular structure, it will produce vibration absorption in the mid-infrared band and has a high absorption rate in the mid-infrared band (especially the 8-13μm atmospheric window band). According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, under thermal equilibrium, the absorptivity is equal to the emissivity. Therefore, the electrolyte can emit light in the mid-infrared band while ensuring the transmittance of the smart window, while dissipating internal heat, thereby reducing the indoor temperature. The electrochromic layer can change its own optical properties under the action of an external electric field. In the present application, when a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes lighter, and the light transmittance in the sunlight band increases, thereby increasing the light and heat entering the room, which helps to increase the indoor temperature in winter. When a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes darker, and the light transmittance in the sunlight band decreases, thereby reducing the impact of light and heat on the indoor temperature, which helps to reduce the indoor temperature in summer. Moreover, the changes in the above-mentioned electrochromic layer are reversible and have high cyclic stability and long-term stability. The reflective film can transmit light in the sunlight band and reflect light in the mid-infrared band, which can ensure that the heat in the room is not easily lost, thereby maintaining the indoor temperature. In summary, the interaction of the above-mentioned layers of structure realizes large-scale dynamic regulation of multiple bands including visible light, near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, which helps to keep the room using the smart window warm in winter and cool in summer.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The smart window further includes a glass layer 60 and / or a protective layer 70, wherein the glass layer 60 is disposed between the reflective film 50 and the second transparent electrode layer 40, and the protective layer 70 is disposed on the side of the first transparent electrode layer 10 away from the emissive electrolyte layer 20. Thus, by disposing the glass layer, the reflective film can be deposited on the surface of the glass layer in advance, which is convenient for the preparation of the reflective film and can improve the stability between the layer structures. Moreover, when the reflective film is made of a conductive material, the second transparent electrode layer and the reflective film can be isolated to ensure the good working performance of the smart window; the protective layer is disposed so that the protective layer directly faces the outdoors, so as to protect the first transparent electrode layer and the emissive electrolyte layer, so as to prevent them from being polluted by the external environment and affecting the life and working efficiency of the smart window.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first transparent electrode layer is in a ring structure. Thus, the transparent effect of the first transparent electrode layer can be achieved, ensuring high transparency in the visible light, near infrared and mid-infrared bands. There are no special requirements for the specific shape of the first transparent electrode layer, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select it according to the specific shape of the window. In some specific embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first transparent electrode layer 10 is in a square shape, wherein the size of the square shape can be designed according to the size of the actual window, and no limitation is imposed here. In other embodiments, the first transparent electrode layer can also be in a circular, arched, fan-shaped or other structure.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the first transparent electrode layer includes one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten, and calcium, and the first transparent electrode layer of the above materials has good conductivity. The thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1nm to 100cm.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the second transparent electrode layer may be a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, etc., and the thickness is 100 nm to 1 μm.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer includes lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethaneborate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl imide), lithium bis(oxalatoborate), lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium oxalatoborate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxynitride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, One or more of lithium nitride, lithium iodide, lithium germanium phosphide, lithium phosphide tetrasulfide, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluoride sulfonate, zinc bistrifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluoride sulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, and aluminum hydroxide. Thus, the above electrolyte has the characteristics of high emissivity in the mid-infrared band, effectively realizing its effect of being transparent in the sunlight band and high emission in the mid-infrared band, that is, realizing the "presence" and "absence" of the electrolyte controlled by electric drive, and realizing dynamic regulation of the mid-infrared emissivity.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer includes one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water. The above solvent can effectively dissolve the above electrolyte to achieve an emissive electrolyte layer with good performance.

[0030] Among them, the preparation method of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is also relatively simple, and it can be made by mixing the electrolyte salt and the solvent evenly.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001M to 100M, such as 0.001mol / L, 0.01mol / L, 0.1mol / L, 1mol / L, 10mol / L, 20mol / L, 30mol / L, 40mol / L, 50mol / L, 60mol / L, 70mol / L, 90mol / L, 100mol / L, etc. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable electrolyte concentration according to different electrolytes and solvents to obtain an emissive electrolyte layer with the best effect.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the electrochromic layer includes one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, violaceous compounds, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiafulvalene, and metal phthalocyanine compounds. The electrochromic layer of the above materials can sensitively change its color when a small voltage is applied to change its light transmittance, thereby realizing dynamic regulation of the transmittance in the solar band. Moreover, the change of the above electrochromic material is reversible, and has high cycle stability and long-term stability.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5V to 5V. When a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes lighter, and the light transmittance in the sunlight band increases, thereby increasing the light and heat entering the room, which helps to increase the indoor temperature in winter; when a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the color of the electrochromic layer becomes darker, and the light transmittance in the sunlight band decreases, thereby reducing the impact of light and heat on the indoor temperature, which helps to lower the indoor temperature in summer.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, such as 10 nm, 100 nm, 1000 nm, 5000 nm, 0.01 mm, 0.1 mm, 1 mm (0.1 cm), etc. Therefore, the electrochromic layer of the above thickness can better realize the dynamic regulation of its transmittance in the solar band.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of the electrochromic layer includes one or more of hydrothermal method, solvent thermal method, magnetron sputtering method, atomic layer deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, thermal evaporation deposition method, electron beam evaporation method, inkjet printing, thermal evaporation deposition method, sol-gel method, spin coating method, spray coating method, roll-to-roll technology, freeze drying method, spray pyrolysis method, in-situ photolithography method, nanoparticle deposition system method, and laminated process method. The above process method is simple and mature, easy to implement, and can be industrialized and mass-produced, which is beneficial to the overall production cost of smart windows.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reflective film includes one or more of indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, zinc aluminum oxide film, silver nanowire film, silver film, gold film, copper film, gold nanoparticles / silicon dioxide / aluminum, aluminum dioxide film, anhydrous xanthine film, aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, and silicon nitride film. Therefore, the reflective film of the above materials has good characteristics of transparency in the sunlight band and high reflectivity in the mid-infrared band, which can ensure that the heat in the room is not easily lost, and achieve the purpose of maintaining the indoor temperature.

[0037] The reflective film may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure in which a plurality of sub-layers are stacked. Those skilled in the art may flexibly select the structure based on actual design requirements, and no limitation is imposed herein.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective film is 10nm to 0.1cm, such as 10nm, 100nm, 1000nm, 5000nm, 0.01mm, 0.1mm, 1mm (0.1cm), etc. Therefore, the electrochromic layer of the above thickness has the effect of being more transparent in the sunlight band and having a high reflectivity in the mid-infrared band, thereby better ensuring that the indoor heat is not easily lost, and playing the effect of maintaining the indoor temperature.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%, such as 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, etc. It can be seen that the reflective film has excellent mid-infrared band reflection.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of the reflective film includes one or more of hydrothermal method, solvent thermal method, magnetron sputtering method, atomic layer deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, thermal evaporation deposition method, electron beam evaporation method, inkjet printing, thermal evaporation deposition method, sol-gel method, spin coating method, spray coating method, roll-to-roll deposition method, freeze drying method, spray pyrolysis method, in-situ photolithography method, nanoparticle deposition system method, and lamination process method. The above process method is simple and mature, easy to implement, and can be industrialized and mass-produced, which is beneficial to the overall production cost of smart windows.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass layer may be silica glass, and there is no special requirement for its thickness, and those skilled in the art may flexibly select the thickness according to actual needs.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the protective layer may be an organic insulating material, such as a protective layer formed of a PE material, which has a good light transmittance and can ensure the overall light transmittance of the smart window. It also does not react with the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer, thereby ensuring the stability of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer.

[0043] According to the embodiments of the present invention, compared with ordinary silica tempered glass, the above-mentioned smart window of the present invention can reduce the temperature by at least 5°C in summer (even by 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, etc.), and can increase the temperature by at least 5°C in winter (even by 5.6°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, etc.), and can save energy by at least 300MJ m throughout the year. -2 , and even save 350MJ m -2 、380MJ m -2 、400MJ m -2、450MJ m -2 、500MJ m -2 、549.50MJ m -2 、600MJ m -2 Etc., has a very significant energy-saving effect.

[0044] Example

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The smart window includes a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer and a reflective film arranged in sequence in a first direction. Figure 1 As shown,

[0047] The first transparent electrode layer is in the shape of a square, made of zinc, 1 cm thick, and has an inner diameter of 2m*1.5m;

[0048] The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer is lithium perchlorate, the solvent is ethylene glycol, and the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1M;

[0049] The material of the electrochromic layer is tungsten oxide, with a thickness of 100 μm;

[0050] The second transparent electrode layer is indium tin oxide with a thickness of 500nm;

[0051] The reflective film is an indium tin oxide film with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0052] The smart window is installed in an area of ​​20m 2 , in a room with a height of 2.2m, the size of the smart window is 2m*1.5m and the smart window is installed facing south. The spectral performance diagram of the smart window in heating state (simulating winter) and cooling state (simulating summer) is tested respectively. For details, please refer to Figure 2 ,pass Figure 2 It can be seen that in the heating state, the smart window can achieve a solar light band transmittance of 68.71% to achieve the purpose of indoor heating, and achieve a mid-infrared low emissivity of 0.19 to reduce indoor heat radiation; in the cooling state, the smart window can achieve a solar light band transmittance of 25.18% to reduce indoor heating by sunlight, and can achieve a mid-infrared high emissivity of 0.93 to increase indoor heat radiation for cooling.

[0053] Moreover, compared with ordinary silica tempered glass of the same size and thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in Example 1 can reduce the temperature by 7.09°C in summer and increase the temperature by 5.6°C in winter, saving 549.50 MJ m2 in a year. -2 , achieving significant energy-saving effects.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The smart window includes a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer and a reflective film arranged in sequence in a first direction. Figure 1 As shown,

[0056] The first transparent electrode layer is in the shape of a square, made of aluminum, 1 cm thick, and has an inner diameter of 2m*1.5m;

[0057] The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer is aluminum chloride, the solvent is water, and the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1M;

[0058] The material of the electrochromic layer is vanadium oxide, with a thickness of 100 μm;

[0059] The second transparent electrode layer is zinc aluminum oxide with a thickness of 500nm;

[0060] The reflective film is an indium aluminum oxide film with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0061] The smart window is installed in an area of ​​20m 2 , in a room with a height of 2.2m, the size of the smart window is 2m*1.5m and the smart window is installed facing south. Through the spectrum diagram and calculation, it can be obtained that: in the heating state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 75.56% to achieve the purpose of indoor heating, and achieve a mid-infrared low emissivity of 0.15 to reduce indoor heat radiation; in the cooling state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 12.27% to reduce the indoor heating of sunlight, and can achieve a mid-infrared high emissivity of 0.97 to increase indoor heat radiation and cool down.

[0062] Moreover, compared with ordinary silica tempered glass of the same size and thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in Example 2 can reduce the temperature by 6.5°C in summer and increase the temperature by 4.8°C in winter, saving 485.72 MJ m2 of energy throughout the year. -2 , achieving significant energy-saving effects.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The smart window includes a protective layer, a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a glass layer and a reflective film arranged in sequence in a first direction. Figure 1 As shown,

[0065] The first transparent electrode layer is in the shape of a square, made of zinc, 1 cm thick, and has an inner diameter of 2m*1.5m;

[0066] The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer is zinc hexafluorophosphate, the solvent is ethylene carbonate, and the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1M;

[0067] The material of the electrochromic layer is tungsten oxide, with a thickness of 500nm;

[0068] The second transparent electrode layer is indium tin oxide with a thickness of 200nm;

[0069] The reflective film is a fluorine-doped tin oxide film with a thickness of 200 nm.

[0070] The smart window is installed in an area of ​​20m 2 , in a room with a height of 2.2m, the size of the smart window is 2m*1.5m and the smart window is installed facing south. Through the spectrum diagram and calculation, it can be obtained that: in the heating state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 78.32% to achieve the purpose of indoor heating, and achieve a mid-infrared low emissivity of 0.16 to reduce indoor heat radiation; in the cooling state, the smart window can achieve a solar band transmittance of 9.87% to reduce the indoor heating of sunlight, and can achieve a mid-infrared high emissivity of 0.96 to increase indoor heat radiation and cool down.

[0071] Moreover, compared with ordinary silica tempered glass of the same size and thickness of 1 mm, the smart window in Example 3 can reduce the temperature by 7.34°C in summer and increase the temperature by 6.32°C in winter, saving 580.72 MJ m throughout the year. -2 , achieving significant energy-saving effects.

[0072] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochromic smart window for dynamic light and heat management throughout the year, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first transparent electrode layer, an emissive electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent electrode layer and a reflective film which are sequentially arranged in a first direction, wherein: The emissive electrolyte layer is used to transmit light in the sunlight band and emit light in the mid-infrared band; When a positive voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance in the solar light band increases, and when a negative voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer, the light transmittance in the solar light band decreases; The reflective film is used for transmitting the light in the sunlight band and reflecting the light in the mid-infrared band.

2. The smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a glass layer and / or a protective layer, wherein the glass layer is arranged between the reflective film and the second transparent electrode layer, and the protective layer is arranged on a side of the first transparent electrode layer away from the emissive electrolyte layer.

3. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first transparent electrode layer is in a ring structure.

4. The smart window according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the first transparent electrode layer includes one or more of zinc, silver, copper, gold, tin, iron, aluminum, tungsten, and calcium; the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 0.1 nm to 100 cm.

5. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electrolyte of the emissive electrolyte layer includes lithium perchlorate, zinc perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc tetrafluoromethaneborate, sodium chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl imide), lithium bis(oxalatoborate), lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium oxalatoborate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxynitride, lithium sulfide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitride, One or more of lithium iodide, lithium germanium phosphide, lithium phosphide tetrasulfide, zinc nitrate, zinc iodide, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc oxalate, zinc hydroxide, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluorosulfonate, zinc bistrifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc oxyfluorosulfonate, zinc acetate, zinc hydrogen phosphate, zinc arsenate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum bromide, aluminum iodide, aluminum fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum carbonate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum molybdate, aluminum tungstate, aluminum sulfite, and aluminum hydroxide; The solvent of the emissive electrolyte layer includes one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water.

6. The smart window according to claim 5, characterized in that: The molar concentration of the electrolyte in the emissive electrolyte layer is 0.001M to 100M.

7. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The material of the electrochromic layer includes one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Prussian blue, vanadium oxide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, viologens, iron oxide, titanium oxide, tetrathiafulvalene, and metal phthalocyanine compounds.

8. The smart window according to claim 7, characterized in that: The voltage applied to the electrochromic layer is -5V to 5V, and / or the thickness of the electrochromic layer is 10nm to 0.1cm.

9. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The reflective film includes one or more of indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, zinc aluminum oxide film, silver nanowire film, silver film, gold film, copper film, gold nanoparticle / silicon dioxide / aluminum, aluminum dioxide film, anhydrous xanthine film, aluminum oxide-hafnium oxide film, and silicon nitride film.

10. The smart window according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the reflective film is 10 nm to 0.1 cm, and / or the reflectivity of the reflective film is 70% to 100%.

Images