Intelligent design method for tunnel and open cut top drainage structure

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent design method for a tunnel open cut top drainage structure, relates to the technical field of tunnel design, and comprises the following steps: creating a natural terrain model according to a tunnel open cut local coordinate system; generating a peripheral three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling of the open cut based on the natural terrain model; determining an open cut top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, and determining a drainage structure type corresponding to the tunnel open cut top according to the open cut top terrain line; setting a limit boundary condition, and determining an optimal start and end point of a drainage structure center line according to the drainage structure type within the limit boundary condition; determining an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal start and end point; optimizing the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to different segment slopes in the drainage structure, obtaining an optimal cross-sectional size, and generating a drainage structure three-dimensional entity model based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size. The application can improve the design efficiency of the drainage structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an intelligent design method of a tunnel open cut top drainage structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a railway mountain tunnel open cut project, in order to prevent surface water from washing the overburden above the open cut to cause insufficient overburden thickness or long-term residence to cause downward seepage erosion of the tunnel open cut structure, a drainage structure needs to be set above the open cut to assist water flow collection and drainage. In this regard, the determination of the center line and the cross section is the main content of the design of the open cut top drainage structure, and both must ensure that the design result has sufficient drainage capacity to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel open cut during construction and operation.

[0003] At present, the design of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure is based on two-dimensional plane, and the main solving process is as follows: (1) the designer preliminarily determines a water flow trace as a two-dimensional center line of the drainage structure according to the contour lines of the open cut surrounding terrain map and design experience; (2) points are taken every certain distance along the water flow trace, and the slope between two points is calculated; (3) according to the design flow, the minimum slope on the trace and the specification drainage slope limit, the required water passing section area is calculated, and the drainage structure section is determined accordingly. It can be seen that the traditional way of designing the tunnel open cut drainage structure highly depends on artificial experience, which cannot meet the current efficient design needs.

[0004] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present application and does not represent the acknowledgement of the above content as prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an intelligent design method of a tunnel open cut top drainage structure, aiming to solve the technical problem that the traditional way of designing the tunnel open cut drainage structure highly depends on artificial experience and cannot meet the efficient design needs.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides an intelligent design method of a tunnel open cut top drainage structure, the intelligent design method of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure comprising:

[0007] creating a natural terrain model according to a tunnel open cut local coordinate system;

[0008] generating a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open cut backfilling based on the natural terrain model;

[0009] determining an open cut top terrain line according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining a corresponding drainage structure type of the tunnel open cut top according to the open cut top terrain line;

[0010] determining an optimal start and end point of a center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limit boundary condition;

[0011] determining an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal start and end point;

[0012] optimizing a cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different segments of the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size, and generating a three-dimensional entity model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size.

[0013] In an embodiment, the drainage structure type includes a longitudinal tunnel top water ditch for one-way drainage, a transverse water diversion aqueduct for one-way drainage, and a transverse water diversion aqueduct for two-way drainage; wherein the step of determining a tunnel top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, and determining a drainage structure type corresponding to the tunnel top terrain line according to the tunnel top terrain line comprises:

[0014] extracting the tunnel top terrain line after cutting the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, wherein the tunnel top terrain line includes a transverse tunnel top terrain line and a longitudinal tunnel top terrain line;

[0015] iteratively simplifying the tunnel top terrain line to obtain a simplified tunnel top terrain line;

[0016] when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally monotonous terrain line and a transversely concave terrain line, determining that the drainage structure type is a longitudinal tunnel top water ditch for one-way drainage;

[0017] when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally concave terrain line and a transversely monotonous terrain line, determining that the drainage structure type is a transverse water diversion aqueduct for one-way drainage;

[0018] when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally concave terrain line and a transversely convex terrain line, determining that the drainage structure type is a transverse water diversion aqueduct for two-way drainage.

[0019] In an embodiment, the step of setting a limit boundary condition, and determining an optimal start and end point of a center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limit boundary condition comprises:

[0020] setting the limit boundary condition as a design range;

[0021] determining a higher boundary side in the design range as a start point search trace line according to the drainage structure type, searching for a catchment point on the start point search trace line using a group optimization algorithm, and determining the optimal start point of the optimal start and end point as the catchment point;

[0022] The lowest point is determined as the optimal end point of the optimal start and end point by searching the lowest point in the design range by using a group optimization algorithm.

[0023] In an embodiment, the step of searching the catchment point on the start point search trace by using the group optimization algorithm comprises:

[0024] Zebra individuals are generated according to a first search variable in a first population parameter and a first search space, and the zebra individuals are given random positions in the first search space, wherein the first search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the target point, and the first search range is the design range;

[0025] A first fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position is determined according to a first fitness function, and a position of a zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value is taken as a first current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on the left and right sides of the target point;

[0026] After the positions of all zebra individuals are updated according to the foraging rule and the defense rule, a new first current global optimal position is determined again until the number of updates is greater than a preset iteration number, then the maximum first current global optimal position is selected from all the first current global optimal positions, and the maximum first current global optimal position is determined as the catchment point on the start point search trace.

[0027] In an embodiment, the step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal start and end point comprises:

[0028] A drainage structure direction is determined according to the type of the drainage structure;

[0029] The design range is divided into a plurality of strips according to a preset precision along the drainage structure direction under the constraint condition of the optimal start and end point, and a control point value range of each control point is determined according to the plurality of strips;

[0030] An optimal control point coordinate combination is searched by using a group optimization algorithm based on the control point value range, and an optimal three-dimensional center line is generated by connecting control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination.

[0031] In an embodiment, the step of searching the optimal control point coordinate combination by using the group optimization algorithm comprises:

[0032] generate a zebra individual according to a second search variable in the second population parameter and a second search space, and assign a random position of the zebra individual in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is an abscissa or an ordinate of a split line control point, and the second search space is a value range of the control point;

[0033] determine a second fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position according to a second fitness function, and take a position of a zebra individual corresponding to a maximum second fitness value as a second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent a length of a center line of a three-dimensional structure;

[0034] after updating positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, determine a new second current global optimal position again until an updating time is greater than a preset iteration time, then select a maximum second current global optimal position from all second current global optimal positions, and determine the maximum second current global optimal position as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

[0035] In an embodiment, the step of setting a limit boundary condition and determining an optimal start / terminal point of a center line of a drainage structure according to the type of the drainage structure within the limit boundary condition comprises:

[0036] setting the limit boundary condition as an existing water intercepting gutter;

[0037] searching for an optimal start point of the optimal start / terminal point on a bright-dark division section by using a population optimization algorithm;

[0038] based on the optimal start point, gradually searching for an optimal terminal point intersecting the existing water intercepting gutter by using the population optimization algorithm according to a preset step length.

[0039] In an embodiment, the step of based on the optimal start point, gradually searching for an optimal terminal point intersecting the existing water intercepting gutter by using the population optimization algorithm according to a preset step length comprises:

[0040] generate a zebra individual according to a third search variable in the third population parameter and a third search space, and assign a random position of the zebra individual in the third search space, wherein the third search variable is an azimuth angle, and the third search space is a preset angle;

[0041] start searching from the optimal start point as a current control point, and determine a third fitness function based on a distance between the current control point and the existing water intercepting gutter, a minimum slope penalty of a line connecting the current control point and a previous control point, and a turning angle penalty;

[0042] determine a third fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position according to a third fitness function, and take a position of a zebra individual corresponding to a minimum third fitness value as a third current global optimal position;

[0043] After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to the foraging rule and the defense rule, a new third current global optimal position is determined again until the updating times are greater than a preset iteration number position, then a minimum third current global optimal position is selected from all third current global optimal positions, a next control point is determined according to the minimum third current global optimal position, and the next control point is taken as a new current control point to search for a new next control point until a line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects with the existing water drain gutter, then an intersection point is determined as an optimal end point, and all control points between the optimal start point and the optimal end point are determined;

[0044] The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal start and end points includes:

[0045] Under the constraint of the optimal start point of the optimal start and end points, the optimal start point, all control points and the optimal end point are connected in turn to obtain the optimal three-dimensional center line.

[0046] In an embodiment, the step of optimizing the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different segments of the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size includes:

[0047] Determining an allowable flow calculation formula of each segment of the drainage structure;

[0048] When the allowable flow is equal to the design flow, the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope required by each stage is inversely calculated based on the allowable flow calculation formula and the slope by using a side wall priority strategy or a height priority strategy;

[0049] Optimizing the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size.

[0050] In addition, to achieve the above object, the application further provides an intelligent design device for a tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure, which comprises:

[0051] A creating module is configured to create a natural terrain model according to a tunnel and open cut tunnel local coordinate system;

[0052] A generating module is configured to generate a three-dimensional terrain model of a surrounding area after backfilling of the open cut tunnel based on the natural terrain model;

[0053] The determining module is configured to determine a top terrain line of the open cut tunnel according to the three-dimensional terrain model of the periphery, and determine a corresponding drainage structure type of the top of the tunnel according to the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel.

[0054] The determining module is further configured to set a limiting boundary condition, and determine an optimal start and end point of a center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary condition.

[0055] The determining module is further configured to determine an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal start and end point.

[0056] The generating module is further configured to optimize a cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to a slope of different segments in the drainage structure, obtain an optimal cross-sectional size, and generate a three-dimensional entity model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size.

[0057] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides an intelligent design device for a drainage structure of a top of a tunnel open cut, which comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure of the top of the tunnel open cut.

[0058] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a storage medium, which is a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure of the top of the tunnel open cut.

[0059] The intelligent design of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure provided in the application creates a natural terrain model according to a local coordinate system of the tunnel open cut; generates a peripheral three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling of the open cut based on the natural terrain model; determines an open cut top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, and determines a corresponding drainage structure type of the tunnel open cut top according to the open cut top terrain line; sets a limit boundary condition, and determines an optimal start and end point of a drainage structure center line according to the drainage structure type within the limit boundary condition; determines an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal start and end point; optimizes the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different sections of the drainage structure, obtains an optimal cross-sectional size, and generates a drainage structure three-dimensional entity model based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size, thereby solving the technical problem that the design of the tunnel open cut drainage structure by using a traditional method is highly dependent on artificial experience and cannot meet the requirement of efficient design. Compared with the prior art, the application intelligently designs and models the drainage structure of the tunnel open cut top based on the concepts of digitization, automation and intelligence, can automatically calculate the optimal start point of the tunnel drainage structure, intelligently searches for the optimal center line under the principles of meeting the drainage capacity requirement and controlling the engineering quantity, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and precision of the design of the drainage structure center line, and divides the drainage structure into different sections by using the method of automatically optimizing the cross section at different positions of the drainage structure according to the slope of the drainage structure, and automatically adjusts the cross-sectional area of the drainage structure in each section according to the slope of each section, thereby avoiding the problem of waste of engineering cost caused by the design based on the most unfavorable slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 A flowchart is provided for the intelligent design method for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the application embodiment one;

[0061] Figure 2 A control cross-section is provided for the intelligent design method for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the application embodiment one after backfilling of the open cut;

[0062] Figure 3 A longitudinal tunnel top ditch is provided for the intelligent design method for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the application embodiment one;

[0063] Figure 4 A one-way drainage transverse diversion aqueduct is provided for the intelligent design method for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the application embodiment one;

[0064] Figure 5 A two-way drainage transverse diversion aqueduct is provided for the intelligent design method for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the application embodiment one;

[0065] Figure 6Flowchart provided by the second embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 Search range diagram of the optimal start and end points of the drainage structure provided by the second embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0067] Figure 8 Control point diagram of the drainage structure center line provided by the second embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0068] Figure 9 Flowchart provided by the third embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0069] Figure 10 Diagram of searching the control points of the drainage structure center line under the condition of the existing water intercepting gutter provided by the third embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0070] Figure 11 Tunnel and open cut tunnel and surrounding terrain map provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0071] Figure 12 Local coordinate system and design range diagram of the open cut tunnel provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0072] Figure 13 Three-dimensional terrain model diagram of the open cut tunnel periphery provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0073] Figure 14 Left line top longitudinal terrain line diagram of the open cut tunnel provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0074] Figure 15 Range diagram of intelligently searching the control points of the drainage structure center line provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0075] Figure 16 Result diagram of the cross section of each section of the drainage structure after slope optimization provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0076] Figure 17 Drainage structure model and its interaction result with the three-dimensional terrain diagram provided by the embodiment of the intelligent design method of the tunnel and open cut tunnel top drainage structure of the present application;

[0077] Figure 18A tunnel exit route and surrounding terrain map provided for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Figure 19 A post-excavation and backfill terrain 3D model schematic diagram provided for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 20 An optimal center line schematic diagram of the drainage structure provided for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 21 A drainage structure model and its 3D terrain interaction result schematic diagram provided for the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 22 A module structure schematic diagram of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design device of the present application embodiment;

[0082] Figure 23 A device structure schematic diagram of the hardware running environment involved in the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely intended to explain the technical solutions of the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0084] The prior art adopts a traditional way to design a tunnel open cut drainage structure, which highly depends on manual experience and cannot meet the current efficient design requirements.

[0085] It should be noted that the execution subject of the present embodiment can be a computing service device with data processing, network communication and program running functions, such as a tablet computer, a personal computer, a mobile phone, etc., or an electronic device capable of realizing the above functions, a tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design device, etc. The tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design device is taken as an example to describe the present embodiment and the following embodiments.

[0086] Based on this, the present embodiment provides a tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method, which refers to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method first embodiment of the present application.

[0087] In the present embodiment, the tunnel open cut top drainage structure intelligent design method includes steps S10-S60:

[0088] Step S10, creating a natural terrain model according to a tunnel and open cut tunnel local coordinate system;

[0089] It should be noted that the tunnel and open cut tunnel local coordinate system is established with the left rail top surface of the tunnel and open cut tunnel starting mileage as the origin and the large mileage direction as the y direction; the surrounding search range of the open cut tunnel can be determined by extending from the starting point of the tunnel and open cut tunnel local coordinate system to the large and small mileage directions and the left and right sides of the line, and finally the terrain point cloud data in the surrounding search range of the open cut tunnel is extracted and the coordinate system and format are converted to generate a three-dimensional natural terrain model.

[0090] Step S20, generating a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling of the open cut tunnel based on the natural terrain model;

[0091] It should be noted that the ground control points after excavation can be calculated according to the excavation design parameters of the control section, the excavation contour is formed by connecting the ground control points and the excavation body model is generated by lofting, and the difference set operation is performed between the excavation body model and the natural terrain model to generate the terrain model after excavation; the backfilling body is generated by the same method, and the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling of the open cut tunnel is generated after the set operation between the backfilling body and the terrain model after excavation. The terrain after backfilling of the open cut tunnel is shown in Figure 2 .

[0092] Step S30, determining the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining the corresponding drainage structure type of the top of the tunnel and open cut tunnel according to the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel;

[0093] It should be noted that the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel can be determined according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, such as cutting the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model to make the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel along the top of the open cut tunnel (the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel includes longitudinal ground lines and transverse ground lines), and then the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel is simplified by using a geometric thinning algorithm, and finally the corresponding drainage structure type is determined according to the trend and undulating form of the simplified top terrain line of the open cut tunnel.

[0094] In an embodiment, the drainage structure type includes a one-way drainage longitudinal tunnel top ditch, a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct, and a two-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct; wherein the step of determining the tunnel top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model and determining the corresponding drainage structure type of the tunnel top according to the tunnel top terrain line includes: cutting the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model to extract the tunnel top terrain line, wherein the tunnel top terrain line includes a transverse tunnel top terrain line and a longitudinal tunnel top terrain line; iteratively simplifying the tunnel top terrain line to obtain a simplified tunnel top terrain line; when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally monotonous ground line and the transverse ground line has a depression, determining that the drainage structure type is a one-way drainage longitudinal tunnel top ditch; when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally depressed ground line and the transverse ground line is monotonous, determining that the drainage structure type is a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct; and when the simplified tunnel top terrain line is a longitudinally depressed ground line and the transverse ground line has a protrusion, determining that the drainage structure type is a two-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct.

[0095] In a specific implementation, the left line top longitudinal ground line can be generated by discretizing the left line according to a set precision of △n meters, making a vertical ray through the plane feature point, and connecting the intersection points in order.

[0096] In a specific implementation, the required drainage structure type can be determined according to the simplified tunnel top terrain line. Specifically, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm is used to iteratively simplify the tunnel top terrain line, the starting point of the simplified tunnel top terrain line is connected, and the slope is calculated to determine the basic trend. Then, the distance between the starting point and the farthest discrete point is compared with a preset threshold to determine the fluctuation form. The ground line form is divided into three categories according to the basic trend and the fluctuation form: longitudinally monotonous and transversely depressed, longitudinally depressed and transversely monotonous, and longitudinally depressed and transversely protruding. Specifically: 1. When the tunnel top terrain line is longitudinally monotonous and transversely depressed, the water flow is collected and flows along the tunnel longitudinally, and the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage longitudinal tunnel top ditch (as shown in FIG. 2A); 2. When the tunnel top terrain line is longitudinally depressed, the water flow is collected and flows transversely and is discharged to the left and right sides of the tunnel, and the corresponding transverse water diversion aqueduct form is selected according to the transverse ground line. For example, when the transverse ground line is monotonous (monotonous rising or monotonous falling), the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct (as shown in FIG. 2B); and for example, when the transverse ground line has a protrusion, the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct (as shown in FIG. 2C). Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 In a specific implementation, the left line top longitudinal ground line can be generated by discretizing the left line according to a set precision of △n meters, making a vertical ray through the plane feature point, and connecting the intersection points in order.

[0096] In a specific implementation, the required drainage structure type can be determined according to the simplified tunnel top terrain line. Specifically, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm is used to iteratively simplify the tunnel top terrain line, the starting point of the simplified tunnel top terrain line is connected, and the slope is calculated to determine the basic trend. Then, the distance between the starting point and the farthest discrete point is compared with a preset threshold to determine the fluctuation form. The ground line form is divided into three categories according to the basic trend and the fluctuation form: longitudinally monotonous and transversely depressed, longitudinally depressed and transversely monotonous, and longitudinally depressed and transversely protruding. Specifically: 1. When the tunnel top terrain line is longitudinally monotonous and transversely depressed, the water flow is collected and flows along the tunnel longitudinally, and the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage longitudinal tunnel top ditch (as shown in FIG. 2A); 2. When the tunnel top terrain line is longitudinally depressed, the water flow is collected and flows transversely and is discharged to the left and right sides of the tunnel, and the corresponding transverse water diversion aqueduct form is selected according to the transverse ground line. For example, when the transverse ground line is monotonous (monotonous rising or monotonous falling), the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct (as shown in FIG. 2B); and for example, when the transverse ground line has a protrusion, the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way drainage transverse water diversion aqueduct (as shown in FIG. 2C).

[0097] Step S40, setting a limit boundary condition, and determining an optimal start and end point of the drainage structure center line within the limit boundary condition according to the drainage structure type;

[0098] It should be noted that the limit boundary condition includes the design range or the existing water interception gutter, and the optimal start point needs to be determined based on the limit boundary condition.

[0099] Step S50, determining an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal start and end point;

[0100] It should be noted that when the design range is used as the limit boundary condition, the design range needs to be divided and the optimal control point combination located on the division line (referring to the division line used to divide the design range) is searched; when the existing water interception gutter is used as the limit boundary condition, the optimal control point is searched one by one according to a preset step length until the existing water interception gutter is exceeded, and the three-dimensional center line that meets the design flow requirement and has the shortest length is connected to form the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0101] In a specific implementation, when the design range is used as the limit boundary condition, the design range is divided according to the drainage structure direction and the target accuracy under the condition of the optimal start and end point of the drainage structure center line, it is assumed that the center line control points are located on the division line, a set of feasible control point coordinate combinations is searched by using an intelligent optimization algorithm, so that the three-dimensional line formed after the projection connection on the terrain surface meets the design flow requirement and has the shortest length, and the three-dimensional line is used as the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0102] In a specific implementation, when the existing water interception gutter is used as the limit boundary condition, the process of repeatedly searching for the next control point by using the intelligent optimization algorithm and moving to the position is repeated according to the set target step length and from the start point position until the control point exceeds the boundary of the existing water interception gutter, and the obtained control points are sequentially connected to serve as the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0103] Step S60, optimizing the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different sections of the drainage structure, obtaining an optimal cross-sectional size, and generating a three-dimensional entity model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size.

[0104] It should be noted that the design cross-sectional size can be adaptively optimized according to the slope of different sections of the drainage structure, for example, the drainage structure is divided into multiple sections by using the control points, the required water passing area is calculated according to the design flow and the slope of the section, and finally the cross-sectional size is adjusted to be optimal.

[0105] In a specific implementation, the optimized cross section of the drainage structure can be used to loft modeling and excavation along the optimal center line, specifically, the optimal interface size is used to loft along the optimal center line in the modeling software to generate a three-dimensional entity model of the drainage structure, and a Boolean operation is performed with the three-dimensional terrain model to directly guide the engineering calculation, construction lofting, earthwork excavation and other processes.

[0106] In a feasible implementation, the step of optimizing the cross section size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different segments of the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross section size includes: determining an allowable flow calculation formula of each segment of the drainage structure; when the allowable flow is equal to the design flow, the minimum cross section height or the minimum side wall slope required for each stage is inversely calculated based on the allowable flow calculation formula and the slope by using a side wall priority strategy or a height priority strategy; and the cross section size of the drainage structure is optimized according to the minimum cross section height or the minimum side wall slope to obtain the optimal cross section size.

[0107] In a specific implementation, the drainage structure can be divided into m segments according to the control point position. Since the cross section of the open drainage structure is generally trapezoidal, the allowable flow of each segment can be determined as:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, d i represents the side wall slope of the i-th segment, s i represents the slope of the i-th segment, h i represents the cross section depth of the i-th segment, b i represents the bottom width of the i-th segment, and n represents the roughness coefficient of the i-th segment.

[0110] In a specific implementation, for each segment of the drainage structure, the allowable flow Q i is equal to the design flow, and a side wall priority strategy (i.e., fixing the cross section height and adjusting the side wall slope) or a height priority strategy (i.e., fixing the cross section side wall slope and adjusting the height) is adopted. The minimum cross section height / side wall slope required for each segment is inversely calculated and corrected according to the slope and the allowable flow, and the cross section of the drainage structure is adaptively optimized with the slope to optimally obtain the optimal cross section size.

[0111] The embodiment solves the technical problem that the design of the tunnel open cut drainage structure by using the traditional method is highly dependent on artificial experience and cannot meet the efficient design, compared with the prior art, the application is based on the digitalization, automation and intelligent concept to intelligently design and model the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open cut, can automatically calculate the optimal starting point of the tunnel drainage structure, and intelligently search the optimal center line under the principle of meeting the drainage capacity requirement and controlling the engineering quantity, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and precision of the drainage structure center line design, and the method of automatically optimizing the section at the different positions of the drainage structure according to the slope of the drainage structure to divide the drainage structure into different sections, and automatically adjusting the cross-sectional area of the drainage structure in each section according to the slope of each section, avoiding the problem of waste of engineering cost caused by the existing design based on the most unfavorable slope.

[0112] Based on the first embodiment of the application, in the second embodiment of the application, the same or similar contents as the above embodiment one can refer to the above introduction, and the following will not be repeated. On this basis, please refer to Figure 6 , step S40 further includes steps S401-S403:

[0113] Step S401, set the limit boundary condition as the design range;

[0114] Step S402, according to the type of the drainage structure, determine the higher side of the boundary in the design range as the starting point search trace, then search the catchment point on the starting point search trace by using the group optimization algorithm, and determine the optimal starting point of the optimal start and end point by using the catchment point;

[0115] Step S403, taking the design range as the search area, search the lowest point by using the group optimization algorithm, and determine the lowest point as the optimal end point of the optimal start and end point.

[0116] It should be noted that when the design range is the limit boundary condition, the coordinate constraint determination method of the optimal starting point and the optimal end point of the drainage structure is: according to the type of the drainage structure, determine the higher side of the boundary in the design range as the starting point search trace, and search the catchment point on the starting point search trace by using the group optimization algorithm as the optimal starting point of the drainage structure center line. Similarly, taking the design range as the search area, search the lowest point by using the intelligent algorithm as the optimal end point of the drainage structure center line.

[0117] In an embodiment, the step of searching for the catchment point on the starting point search track by using the population optimization algorithm comprises: generating zebra individuals according to a first search variable in a first population parameter and a random position of the zebra individuals in the first search space; determining a first fitness value of the zebra individuals at the random position according to a first fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value as a current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on the left and right sides of the target point; updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, and then determining the current global optimal position again until the number of updates is greater than a preset iteration number; and then selecting the maximum current global optimal position from all current global optimal positions, and determining the maximum current global optimal position as the catchment point on the starting point search track.

[0118] In a specific implementation, as shown in FIG. 6, for the optimal starting point of the tunnel structure center line, when the drainage structure is a longitudinal hole top ditch, the higher side of the large / small mileage boundary is taken as the search track (i.e., the starting point search track), which can be specifically represented as: Figure 7

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, y is the y coordinate of the search track in the large / small mileage boundary, and x is the x coordinate of the starting point to be searched.

[0121] In a specific implementation, for the optimal starting point of the tunnel structure center line, when the drainage structure is a transverse diversion flume, the higher side of the left / right boundary is taken as the search track (i.e., the starting point search track), which can be specifically represented as:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, x is the x coordinate of the search track in the left / right boundary, and y is the y coordinate of the starting point to be searched.

[0124] In a specific implementation, for the optimal end point of the tunnel structure center line, the entire design range is taken as the search domain, which can be specifically represented as:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, x is the x coordinate of the end point to be searched, and y is the y coordinate of the end point to be searched.

[0127] In a specific implementation, the catchment point on the search track is intelligently determined by using the population optimization algorithm, and the optimal starting point of the drainage structure center line is determined as follows:

[0128] ​(1) Zebra Optimization Algorithm Basic Parameter Settings:

[0129] The zebra optimization algorithm regards searching for the optimal solution as a process of driving the zebra population to constantly update the position and take the optimal one, so each position can represent a set of feasible solutions, and the search space is the value range of the solution. When the search target is the starting point coordinate, since it is located on the boundary of the design range, the search variable is only x or y, and the variable dimension is 1.

[0130] (2) Evaluate the pros and cons of the fitness function evaluation scheme:

[0131] Since the target is the catchment point on the search trace, this method takes the height difference between the target point and the highest points on its left and right as the search conclusion evaluation standard, that is, the fitness function is:

[0132]

[0133] In the formula, Z(x, y) is the elevation of the ground projection point of the target solution, H L is the elevation of the highest point on the left of the target solution, and H R is the elevation of the highest point on the right of the target solution. When the ground projection point of the target solution is higher than one of the highest points on its left and right, the water flow will not converge at this point.

[0134] (3) Initialize the zebra population and determine the global optimal position:

[0135] First, generate p sets of feasible solutions according to the set population size p, calculate the fitness values of all zebras according to the fitness function, and take the zebra position with the maximum fitness value as the current global optimal position.

[0136] (4) Zebra individual position update:

[0137] According to the "foraging" and "defense" rules of the zebra optimization algorithm, the positions of all zebras are updated in two steps. Taking the determination of the new position of the kth zebra in the population as an example, first calculate the target position according to the "foraging" behavior of the zebra:

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, X k is the current position of the kth zebra, P Z is the global optimal position, I is a random number between 1 and 2 considering the uncertainty of the direction, r is a random number between 0 and 1 considering the uncertainty of the distance, is the new position calculated by the foraging update formula, is the fitness value of the new position , and The position after moving for foraging. When the fitness value of the target position is better than the original position, the zebra moves to the target position, otherwise stays in the original position.

[0141] Similarly, the new position is calculated according to the "defense" behavior, and it is judged whether to move or not:

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, P s is a random number between 0 and 1, used to select the defense mode of the zebra and the corresponding position update formula, R is a constant 0.01, t is the number of current iterations, T is the maximum number of iterations set, A Z is the position of the zebra under attack, is the new position calculated by the defense update formula, is the fitness value of the new position , is the final position of the zebra after moving for defense.

[0145] (5) Iterative search for the position with the maximum fitness value in the design range and its corresponding coordinates:

[0146] Repeat updating the position of the zebra individual until the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, and select the x or y value with the maximum corresponding fitness value as the optimal start and end point of the tunnel structure center line.

[0147] In a possible implementation, the step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal start and end point includes: determining the drainage structure direction according to the type of the drainage structure; under the constraint of the optimal start and end point, dividing the design range into a plurality of strips along the drainage structure direction according to a preset precision, and determining a control point value range of each control point according to the plurality of strips; based on the control point value range, searching for an optimal control point coordinate combination by using a group optimization algorithm, and connecting the control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination to generate an optimal three-dimensional center line.

[0148] It should be noted that when the design range is used as the limiting boundary condition, the design range is divided according to the drainage structure direction and the target precision under the constraint of the start and end points of the drainage structure. It is assumed that the center line control points are located on the division lines, and a group of feasible control point coordinate combinations are searched by using an intelligent optimization algorithm, so that the three-dimensional line formed after the projection connection on the terrain surface meets the design flow requirement and has the shortest length, which is used as the optimal center line of the drainage structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0149] (1) Dividing strips and determining the range of center line control point values, in order to realize the optimal three-dimensional center line automatic search of drainage structure based on terrain, the design range is divided into m strips according to the direction of drainage structure with the preset accuracy. When the drainage structure is longitudinal hole top ditch, the control point coordinates on the ith division line are:

[0150]

[0151] In the formula, l x is the total length of the design range in the x direction, in addition, when the drainage structure is transverse water diversion aqueduct, the control point coordinates on the ith division line are:

[0152]

[0153] In the formula, l y is the total length of the design range in the y direction.

[0154] It can be understood that, as shown in Figure 8 , the position of all intersection points of the drainage structure and the division line can be determined at this time to effectively control the center line slope and route change, that is, each determined set of transverse / longitudinal coordinate sequence {x1, x2, x3,..., x m} corresponds to a three-dimensional center line sequentially connected by control points {(x1, d 1y ), (x2, d 2y ), (x3, d 3y ),..., (x m , d my )}. Therefore, the optimal center line search of the drainage structure uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to search for an optimal control point coordinate combination on the division line, so that the connected drainage structure center line length is the shortest.

[0155] In an implementable embodiment, the step of searching for the optimal control point coordinate combination by using the swarm optimization algorithm comprises: generating zebra individuals according to a second search variable in the second swarm parameter and a second search space, and assigning the zebra individuals with random positions in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the split line control point, and the second search space is the value range of the control point; determining a second fitness value of the zebra individuals at the random positions according to a second fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum second fitness value as a second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent the length of the three-dimensional structure center line; updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to the foraging rule and the defense rule to re-determine a new second current global optimal position, until the number of updates is greater than a preset iteration number position, then selecting the maximum second current global optimal position from all second current global optimal positions, and determining the maximum second current global optimal position as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

[0156] In a specific implementation, the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is used to search for an optimal center line that meets the design flow and has the shortest length. Specifically, the zebra optimization algorithm can be used, the length of the three-dimensional center line is taken as a fitness function, then the three-dimensional center line is automatically searched according to the 3‰ minimum drainage slope constraint according to the specification, and the specific search steps are as follows:

[0157] (1) Set the basic parameters of the optimization algorithm, the search variable of the zebra optimization algorithm is the x or y coordinate of the split line control point, the variable dimension is set to m, and the search space is (x min ,x max ) or (y min ,y max ).

[0158] (2) Set a second fitness function. In order to meet the design drainage requirement and have the shortest length, a fitness function with a penalty mechanism is designed to solve the optimal center line:

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] In the formula, F s is the fitness value, P i is the ith three-dimensional control point, which is generated by projecting the planar control point (x i ,d iy ) or (d ix ,y i ) to the surface of the three-dimensional terrain table, R i is the minimum slope penalty, and l(P i ,P i+1) is the three-dimensional length of the i-th segment of the center line, i.e. P i to P i+1 ) is the three-dimensional length of the i-th segment of the center line, i.e. P i is the slope of the i-th segment of the center line, s min is the minimum drainage slope required by the specification.

[0162] (3) Iterative updating of zebra positions searches for the optimal center line, and moves all zebras according to the position updating rule until the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, determines the control point combination with the minimum fitness value, and finally connects these control points to generate the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure.

[0163] Based on the first embodiment of the present application, in the third embodiment of the present application, the same or similar contents as the above-mentioned first embodiment can be referred to the above introduction, and the subsequent will not be repeated. On this basis, please refer to Figure 9 , step S40 further includes steps S401' to S403':

[0164] Step S401', set the limit boundary condition as the existing water intercepting gutter;

[0165] Step S402', search for the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending point on the light-dark division section using the group optimization algorithm;

[0166] Step S403', based on the optimal starting point, gradually search for the optimal ending point intersecting with the existing water intercepting gutter using the group optimization algorithm according to the preset step length.

[0167] It should be noted that when the limit boundary condition is the existing water intercepting gutter, the starting point of the drainage structure is located on the backfill termination section (light-dark division section), and the ending point should be connected into the existing water intercepting gutter. At this time, since the position of the optimal ending point in the drainage structure cannot be directly determined, the group optimization algorithm is used to intelligently search for the optimal starting point coordinates in the backfill termination section.

[0168] In one feasible implementation, the step of progressively searching for the optimal endpoint intersecting the existing intercepting ditch using a population optimization algorithm based on the optimal starting point and according to a preset step size includes: generating zebra individuals based on the third search variable in the third population parameters and the third search space, and assigning random positions to the zebra individuals within the third search space, wherein the third search variable is the azimuth angle and the third search space is a preset angle; starting the search with the optimal starting point as the current control point, determining the third fitness function based on the distance between the current control point and the existing intercepting ditch, the minimum slope penalty of the line connecting the current control point and the previous control point, and the turning angle penalty; determining the third fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position based on the third fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the minimum third fitness value as the third current global optimal position; and based on the foraging rules and... After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to the defense rules, a new third current global optimal position is determined. This process continues until the number of updates exceeds the preset number of iterations. Then, the smallest third current global optimal position is selected from all the third current global optimal positions. The next control point is determined based on the smallest third current global optimal position, and this next control point is used as the new current control point to search for a new next control point. This continues until the line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects the existing intercepting gutter. The intersection point is then determined as the optimal endpoint, and all control points between the optimal starting point and the optimal endpoint are determined. The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional centerline of the drainage structure under the constraints of the optimal starting point and the optimal endpoint includes: under the constraints of the optimal starting point of the optimal starting point, connecting the optimal starting point, all control points, and the optimal endpoint in sequence to obtain the optimal three-dimensional centerline.

[0169] In the specific implementation, when the existing intercepting gutter is used as the boundary condition, and the starting point of the drainage structure is constrained, the process of searching for the next control point and moving to that point using a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is repeated according to the set target step size, starting from the starting position, until the control point exceeds the boundary of the existing intercepting gutter. The obtained control points are then connected sequentially to form the optimal centerline of the drainage structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0170] (1) Set the search step size and basic algorithm parameters. To achieve automatic path search starting from the starting point, first preset the step size to k meters, such as... Figure 10 As shown, when located at control point P i Search for the next control point P i+1 When determining an azimuth angle θ (the angle between the azimuth angle and the x-axis), a feasible control point coordinate is identified. To search for the optimal control point, the azimuth angle θ is used as the search variable, and the search space is (0, 180).

[0171] (2) Set a third fitness function. To meet the design objectives, the control points should be close to the existing intercepting gutter, and to avoid self-intersection of the drainage structure, the centerline turning angle should not be too large. Therefore, the fitness function is designed as follows:

[0172] F S =D i +R i +A i

[0173]

[0174] In the formula, F s D is the third fitness value. i R is the distance between the feasible control point and the existing intercepting gutter. i The minimum slope penalty for the line connecting a feasible control point to the previous control point (same as Equation 12), A i As a penalty for the steering angle, Deg i Direction when turning and The angle between them, Deg min To allow the minimum steering angle.

[0175] (3) Iteratively update the zebra position to search for the coordinates of the next control point, initialize the zebra population, move and update the zebra position until the number of iterations is reached, determine the optimal azimuth angle θ that minimizes the fitness value, and calculate the coordinates of the next control point.

[0176] (4) Stepwise search to determine all control points, repeat steps (1) to (4), and locate the control point P in the previous search result. i Above to the next control point P i+1 The search continues until the last control point exceeds or is located on the boundary of the existing intercepting gutter. The control points are then connected to generate the three-dimensional centerline of the drainage structure.

[0177] The following case study, using the intelligent design of the drainage structure at the top of a tunnel opening (with the design range as the boundary), provides a detailed description of the above embodiment:

[0178] Case parameters: A single-bore double-track tunnel is proposed to be constructed with an open-cut section within the mileage range of DK118+080 to DK118+089. The designed length of the open-cut section is 9m, the designed outer diameter is 15m, and a transverse drainage channel runs through the top. The designed drainage flow rate is 5.32m³ / s. Figure 11 The terrain around the tunnel opening is shown.

[0179] 1. Establish such Figure 12The tunnel local coordinate system is shown, taking the left rail top surface at the starting mileage DK118+080 of the open tunnel as the origin, and the large mileage direction of the line as the y direction. The rectangular region is intercepted as the design range of the open tunnel top drainage structure by extending 5 m outward from the starting mileage of the open tunnel in the large and small mileage directions, and extending 25 m outward from the tunnel centerline to the left and right. The terrain point cloud data in the extraction range is converted to.xyz format and imported into the modeling software and re-registered under the open tunnel local coordinate system. The natural terrain model is generated by Delaunay subdivision, and the contour is created based on the backfill surface slope, length and other design parameters of the three typical design sections DK118+080, DK118+083.5 and DK118+089. The intersection operation is finally performed to create the backfilled terrain model as shown. Figure 13 The backfilled terrain model is shown.

[0180] 2. Discretize the line along the left line of the open tunnel with an interval length of 0.5 m to find the plane feature points, draw a vertical ray through the plane feature points, and intersect the three-dimensional terrain model to obtain the intersection point coordinates as shown in Table 2. Connect the coordinates in the table in order to generate the ground line as shown. Figure 14 The ground line is simplified using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm, and the longitudinal ground line is determined to be: There is a depression, so the drainage structure type is judged to be a horizontal diversion flume.

[0181] 3. Since the result of the previous step is a horizontal diversion flume, the left boundary of the higher terrain is taken as the starting point of the search trace when searching the centerline, i.e. the starting point x coordinate is -22.5, the search space of the search variable y coordinate is (-5, 14), and the population number of the zebra optimization algorithm is set to 30 and the maximum iteration number is set to 50. This example takes the initialization and update of the second zebra position as an example to illustrate the process of searching for the optimal starting point position. First, the initial position of each zebra is obtained by random assignment, and the initial fitness value is calculated according to formula 4, so the initial position of zebra 2 is 4.71 and the initial fitness value is -29.2. At this time, the global optimal fitness value is -8.8, and the pioneer zebra position corresponding to it is 0.94. Secondly, all zebras are moved iteratively according to the position update rule. At this time, according to the "foraging" update rule, the position to be moved of zebra 2 can be calculated as:

[0182]

[0183] The fitness value of zebra 2 at the new position is -4.2, which is greater than the original fitness value, so the zebra moves to the new position. Then, the next position is calculated according to the "defense" position update formula:

[0184]

[0185] The new position fitness value determined according to the "defense" behavior is -14.9, which is less than the fitness value after the last movement, and the zebra does not move. Therefore, the final position of the second zebra after the first iteration is updated to -0.22.

[0186] The above fitness value calculation and position update process is repeated for all zebras until the maximum number of iterations is reached. After 50 iterations, the optimal position in the population is determined to be -2.73, and the fitness value is 3.8, i.e. the optimal starting point of the center line of the drainage structure is (-22.50, -2.73, 167.38).

[0187] Similarly, taking the x and y coordinates as search variables, {(-22.5 < x < 27.5), (-5 < y < 14)} as the search space, and using the zebra optimization algorithm to search for the lowest point (27.5, 8.77, 150.71) in the design range as the optimal end point of the center line.

[0188] 4. The design range is divided into 20 strips along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel with a 2.5m interval as shown in Figure 15 The intelligent optimization algorithm is used to search for a set of optimal control point coordinate combinations located on the division lines to minimize the length of the generated transverse drainage channel center line. To search for the optimal center line, the population size of the zebra optimization algorithm is set to 200, the maximum number of iterations is set to 500, the search variables are {y1, y2, y3,..., y 19}, the variable dimension is 19, and the search space is (-5, 14). 200 zebras are randomly generated, and the fitness value corresponding to the position of each zebra is calculated according to formula 11. Taking the position of the 5th zebra as an example, the iterative optimization process of the center line is explained. The initial position of zebra 5 is {4.17, 2.29, 1.56, 7.15, 1.55, -3.21, 7.28, 6.98, -3.24, 1.92, 4.95, -2.77, -0.03, 10.57, 6.86, -1.24, 9.31, 4.62, 2.57}, and the length of the line generated by connecting the three-dimensional control points is 133.39. Since the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 16th segments of the line do not meet the minimum slope requirement, a minimum slope penalty value of 747.27 is added, and the fitness value is 880.66. In the first iteration, the new position determined according to the position update rule is {1.77, -2.68, -4.16, 3.15, 4.37, 6.98, 1.59, 3.25, -2.78, 4.83, 6.28, 1.62, 7.13, 1.98, 10.37, 2.13, 3.64, 9.38, 6.92}, and the fitness value is 742.07, which is less than the fitness value before updating. Therefore, zebra 5 will move to the new position after the first iteration.

[0189] The position of the rest of the zebras in the population is updated and iterated until the set upper limit of 500 iterations is reached. The minimum fitness value of 57.74 is selected from the population, and the optimal center line control point of the transverse diversion flume can be determined from the corresponding zebra position as {(-20.5, -2.36, 166.86), (-18.0, -1.87, 165.97), (-15.5, -1.47, 164.82), (-13.0, -0.82, 164.21), (-10.5, 0.03, 164.11), (-8.0, -0.37, 164.05), (-5.5, -0.62, 164.00), (-3.0, -0.95, 163.94), (-0.5, -0.43, 163.87), (2.0, -1.16, 163.81), (4.5, -0.73, 163.13), (7.0, -1.38, 162.30), (9.5, -0.62, 161.46), (12.0, 2.09, 160.73), (14.5, 3.17, 157.00), (17.0, 4.69, 156.43), (19.5, 5.41, 155.33), (22.0, 6.32, 154.02), (24.5, 7.06, 152.64)}, and the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure is generated by connecting the start and end points in order.

[0190] 5、The slope of each segment of the three-dimensional center line determined in the previous step is {0.25, 0.34, 0.45, 0.23, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.22, 0.02, 0.27, 0.32, 0.32, 0.20, 1.37, 0.20, 0.42, 0.49, 0.53, 0.56}. For ease of construction, the height priority strategy is adopted in this example, the fixed cross-section side slope is 1:1.25, the bottom width is 1m, the roughness coefficient of the ditch wall is 0.012, and the minimum height unit is 0.2m. According to the slope of each segment and formula 15, the required minimum height is calculated as {0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m}. According to the minimum height, the cross-sectional profile of each segment is optimized as shown in Figure 16 .

[0191] 6、The optimized cross-section of each segment of the drainage structure is placed at the midpoint of the segment, and the modeling software is used to loft along the three-dimensional center line to generate a model. The built drainage structure solid model is subjected to Boolean operation with the three-dimensional terrain model as shown in Figure 17 , and the construction excavation volume of the transverse diversion flume is calculated as 123.13m3 The required concrete volume is 74.68m 3 .

[0192] The above embodiments are further described in detail below in combination with a case of solving intelligent design of a tunnel open cut roof drainage structure (with an existing gutter as a limiting boundary).

[0193] Case parameters: A single-hole double-line tunnel is planned to be set up in the DK48+367~DK48+396 mileage range, and an existing drainage gutter has been set up outside the edge of the excavation line. The design flow rate of the open cut roof drainage structure is 4.27m 3 / s, as shown in Figure 18 .

[0194] 1. The tunnel exit mileage DK48+396 left line top surface is taken as the origin, and the local coordinate system of the hole is set up with the line mileage direction as the y direction. The terrain point cloud data in the vicinity of the hole is extracted and a natural ground surface model is generated, and the backfill entity is created based on the backfill design parameters of the DK48+367, DK48+377, DK48+396 cross sections, and combined with the natural ground surface to generate a backfilled terrain model, as shown in Figure 19 .

[0195] 2. The longitudinal ground line above the left line of the open cut and the vertical transverse ground line are determined with 0.5m as the precision. The longitudinal ground line is monotonous, and the transverse ground line has a depression, so it is judged that the drainage structure type is a longitudinal roof ditch.

[0196] 3. The existing drainage structure coordinate data is input as a limiting boundary condition. Since the result of the previous step is a longitudinal roof ditch, the DK48+367 section is taken as the starting point to search the trace line, that is, the starting point y coordinate is -29, the search space of the search variable x coordinate is (-19, 19), and the zebra optimization algorithm population number is set to 30 and the maximum iteration number is set to 50. After 50 iterations, the optimal position in the population is determined to be 13.42, and the fitness value is 20.0, that is, the optimal starting point of the drainage structure center line is (-29, 13.42, 167.38).

[0197] 4. The search step is 1.0m, and the intelligent optimization algorithm is used to search the control points one by one from the starting point position. The search process of the best control point is illustrated by taking the 13th control point position as an example. To search the optimal center line, the zebra optimization algorithm population number is set to 50, the maximum iteration number is set to 200, and the search variable is θ 13, the search space is (0, 180). To avoid self-intersection of the structure, the minimum allowable turning angle is calculated and taken as 160°. 50 zebras are randomly generated, and the fitness value corresponding to the position of each zebra is calculated according to formula 13. Taking the position of the 28th zebra as an example, its initial position is 73.82°, the distance between the control point generated therefrom and the existing water gutter is 6.33 m, the slope of the line is 37%, and the turning angle Deg 13 is 171.95°. Without adding the slope penalty and the turning angle penalty, the fitness value is 6.33. In the first iteration, the new position determined according to the position update rule is 88.25°, and the fitness value is 6.57, which is greater than the fitness before the update. Therefore, the 28th zebra stays in the original position after the first iteration. The positions of the remaining zebras in the population are also updated and iterated until the upper limit of 200 iterations is reached. The minimum fitness value is 6.12, and the corresponding zebra position is 60.21°. It can be determined that the optimal coordinates of the 13th control point are (-17.01, 16.89, 114.50).

[0198] On the basis of the search results of the previous step, the above steps are repeated to search for the next control point, until the latest control point exceeds the boundary. A total of 19 control points are calculated, as shown in Figure 20 .

[0199] 5、The slope of each segment of the three-dimensional center line determined in the previous step is {0.20, 0.20, 0.22, 0.23, 0.21, 0.23, 0.23, 0.22, 0.21, 0.22, 0.39, 0.29, 0.16, 0.04, 03, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03, 0.04,}. In this example, the height is adjusted preferentially, the slope of the side wall is fixed at 1:1.25, and the bottom width is 1 m. The minimum height is taken as 0.2 m. According to the slope of each segment, the minimum height required is {0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 0.4 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.6 m}, and the cross-sectional profile of each segment is optimized according to the minimum height.

[0200] 6、The optimized cross section of each segment of the drainage structure is placed at the midpoint of the segment, and the modeling software is used to loft along the three-dimensional center line to model. The built drainage structure solid model is subjected to Boolean operation with the backfilled terrain model as shown in Figure 21 , and the concrete quantity required for the longitudinal hole top gutter is calculated to be 26.98 m 3 .

[0201] It should be noted that the above examples are only used for understanding the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the intelligent design method of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure of the present application. More forms of simple changes based on this technical concept are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0202] The present application also provides an intelligent design device of a tunnel open cut top drainage structure, which refers to Figure 22 The intelligent design device of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure comprises:

[0203] A creating module 10 is configured to create a natural terrain model according to a tunnel open cut local coordinate system.

[0204] A generating module 20 is configured to generate a peripheral three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling of the open cut based on the natural terrain model.

[0205] A determining module 30 is configured to determine an open cut top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, and determine a corresponding drainage structure type of the tunnel open cut top according to the open cut top terrain line.

[0206] The determining module is further configured to set a limiting boundary condition, and determine an optimal start and end point of a drainage structure center line according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary condition.

[0207] The determining module 30 is further configured to determine an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal start and end point.

[0208] The generating module 20 is further configured to optimize a cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to different segment slopes in the drainage structure, obtain an optimal cross-sectional size, and generate a drainage structure three-dimensional entity model based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size.

[0209] The present application provides an intelligent design device of a tunnel open cut top drainage structure, which comprises at least one processor and a memory in communication connection with the at least one processor. The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the intelligent design method of the tunnel open cut top drainage structure in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0210] Reference will be made to Figure 23As shown in FIG. 10, which shows a structural schematic diagram of an intelligent design device suitable for use in implementing the tunnel and open cut top drainage structure according to an embodiment of the present application, the intelligent design device for the tunnel and open cut top drainage structure can include a processing apparatus 1001 (such as a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to programs stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or loaded from a storage apparatus 1003 into a random access memory (RAM) 1004. Various programs and data required for operation of the intelligent design device for the tunnel and open cut top drainage structure are also stored in the RAM 1004. The processing apparatus 1001, the ROM 1002, and the RAM 1004 are connected to each other through a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Generally, the following systems can be connected to the I / O interface 1006: input apparatuses 1007 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, an image sensor, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; output apparatuses 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; the storage apparatus 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication apparatus 1009. The communication apparatus 1009 can allow the intelligent design device for the tunnel and open cut top drainage structure to communicate with other devices wirelessly or by wire to exchange data. Although the intelligent design device for the tunnel and open cut top drainage structure is shown as having various systems, it should be understood that all of the shown systems are not required to be implemented or possessed. More or fewer systems can be alternatively implemented or possessed.

[0211] The above merely provides a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent design of a tunnel cavern roof drainage structure, characterized in that, The method includes: Create a natural terrain model based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel's open section; Based on the natural terrain model, a three-dimensional terrain model of the surrounding area after the tunnel is backfilled is generated; The top top terrain line of the tunnel is determined based on the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel is determined based on the top terrain line of the tunnel. Set limiting boundary conditions, and within the limiting boundary conditions, determine the optimal start and end points of the centerline of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type; Under the constraints of the optimal start and end points, the optimal three-dimensional centerline of the drainage structure is determined; The cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure are optimized based on the slope of different segments in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions. A three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure is then generated based on the optimal three-dimensional centerline and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions. The step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal start and end points of the drainage structure centerline within the limiting boundary conditions based on the drainage structure type includes: Set the boundary conditions to the design range; Based on the drainage structure type, after determining the side with the higher boundary in the design range as the starting search trajectory, the group optimization algorithm is used to search for the water collection point on the starting search trajectory, and the water collection point is determined as the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending point. Using the design range as the search area, the lowest point is searched using a population optimization algorithm, and the lowest point is determined as the optimal endpoint of the optimal start-end point. The step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal start and end points of the drainage structure centerline within the limiting boundary conditions based on the drainage structure type includes: Set the boundary conditions to the existing intercepting gutter; The optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending point on the light-dark boundary section is searched using a population optimization algorithm. Based on the optimal starting point, the optimal endpoint that intersects with the existing intercepting gutter is searched step by step using a population optimization algorithm according to a preset step size.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The drainage structure types include longitudinal tunnel roof drainage ditches with unidirectional drainage, transverse drainage aqueducts with unidirectional drainage, and transverse drainage aqueducts with bidirectional drainage; wherein, the step of determining the topographic line of the tunnel roof based on the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining the drainage structure type corresponding to the tunnel roof based on the topographic line of the tunnel roof, includes: After cutting through the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, the top terrain line of the tunnel is extracted, wherein the top terrain line of the tunnel includes a horizontal top terrain line and a vertical top terrain line of the tunnel. The topographic line of the tunnel ceiling is iteratively simplified to obtain the simplified topographic line of the tunnel ceiling; When the simplified top topographic line of the tunnel is a monotonous longitudinal ground line and the transverse ground line has a depression, the drainage structure type is determined to be a unidirectional longitudinal tunnel top water ditch. When the simplified top topographic line of the tunnel has a depression in the longitudinal ground line and a monotonous change in the transverse ground line, the drainage structure type is determined to be a unidirectional transverse water diversion aqueduct. When the simplified top topographic line of the tunnel has a depression in the longitudinal ground line and a bulge in the transverse ground line, the drainage structure type is determined to be a transverse water diversion aqueduct with bidirectional drainage.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of using a population optimization algorithm to search for the watershed point on the starting search path includes: The zebra individual is generated according to a first search variable in the first population parameter and a first search space, and the zebra individual is given a random position in the first search space, wherein the first search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the target point, and the first search range is the design range; The first fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position is determined according to a first fitness function, and the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value is taken as the first current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on the left and right sides of the target point. After the positions of all the zebra individuals are updated according to the foraging rule and the defense rule, the new first current global optimal position is re-determined until the updating times are greater than a preset iteration number position, then the maximum first current global optimal position is selected from all the first current global optimal positions, and the maximum first current global optimal position is determined as the water collection point on the starting point search track.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal starting point and the terminal point comprises: determining the drainage structure direction according to the drainage structure type; under the constraint condition of the optimal starting point and the terminal point, the design range is divided into a plurality of strips along the drainage structure direction according to a preset precision, and the control point value range of each control point is determined according to the plurality of strips; based on the control point value range, an optimal control point coordinate combination is searched by using a group optimization algorithm, and the control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination are connected to generate an optimal three-dimensional center line.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of searching the optimal control point coordinate combination by using the group optimization algorithm comprises: the zebra individual is generated according to a second search variable in the second population parameter and a second search space, and the zebra individual is given a random position in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the division line control point, and the second search space is the control point value range; the second fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position is determined according to a second fitness function, and the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum second fitness value is taken as the second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent the length of the three-dimensional structure center line; after the positions of all the zebra individuals are updated according to the foraging rule and the defense rule, the new second current global optimal position is re-determined until the updating times are greater than a preset iteration number position, then the maximum second current global optimal position is selected from all the second current global optimal positions, and the maximum second current global optimal position is determined as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of gradually searching the optimal terminal point intersecting the existing water cutting gutter by using the group optimization algorithm according to a preset step length based on the optimal starting point comprises: the zebra individual is generated according to a third search variable in the third population parameter and a third search space, and the zebra individual is given a random position in the third search space, wherein the third search variable is the azimuth angle, and the third search space is a preset angle. The searching is started from the optimal starting point as a current control point, and a third fitness function is determined based on a distance between the current control point and the existing water intercepting gutter, a minimum slope penalty of a line connecting the current control point and a previous control point, and a turning angle penalty; A third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position is determined according to the third fitness function, and a position of the zebra individual corresponding to a minimum third fitness value is taken as a third current global optimal position; After the positions of all the zebra individuals are updated according to the foraging rule and the defense rule, a new third current global optimal position is determined again, until the number of updates is greater than a preset iteration number, then a minimum third current global optimal position is selected from all the third current global optimal positions, a next control point is determined according to the minimum third current global optimal position, and the next control point is taken as a new current control point to search for a new next control point, until a line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects with the existing water intercepting gutter, then an intersection point is determined as an optimal ending point, and all the control points between the optimal starting point and the optimal ending point are determined; The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal starting and ending points comprises: The optimal three-dimensional center line is obtained by connecting the optimal starting point, all the control points and the optimal ending point in sequence under the constraint of the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of optimizing the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different segments of the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size comprises: A calculation formula of allowable flow of each segment of the drainage structure is determined; When the allowable flow is equal to the design flow, the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope required by each stage is inversely calculated based on the calculation formula of the allowable flow and the slope by using a side wall priority strategy or a height priority strategy; The cross-sectional size of the drainage structure is optimized according to the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size.

8. An intelligent design device for a tunnel cavern roof drainage structure, characterized by, The device is used to implement the method of claim 1, and the device comprises: A creating module is configured to create a natural terrain model according to a tunnel and open cut tunnel local coordinate system; A generating module is configured to generate a three-dimensional terrain model of a periphery of the open cut tunnel after backfilling based on the natural terrain model; A determining module is configured to determine a top terrain line of the open cut tunnel according to the three-dimensional terrain model of the periphery, and determine a type of drainage structure corresponding to the top of the tunnel and open cut tunnel according to the top terrain line of the open cut tunnel; The determining module is further configured to set a limit boundary condition, and determine an optimal starting and ending point of a center line of the drainage structure according to the type of the drainage structure within the limit boundary condition; The determining module is further configured to determine an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal starting and ending point; The generating module is further configured to optimize the cross-sectional size of the drainage structure according to the slope of different segments of the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross-sectional size, and generate a three-dimensional entity model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional size; The determining module is further configured to: set the limit boundary condition as a design range; According to the type of the drainage structure, a side with a higher boundary in the design range is determined as a starting search trace, a catchment point on the starting search trace is searched by using a group optimization algorithm, and the catchment point is determined as an optimal starting point of the optimal start-end point; The design range is taken as a search area, a lowest point is searched by using the group optimization algorithm, and the lowest point is determined as an optimal end point of the optimal start-end point; The determining module is further configured to: Set a limit boundary condition as an existing water intercepting gutter; An optimal starting point of the optimal start-end point on a bright-dark division section is searched by using the group optimization algorithm; Based on the optimal starting point, an optimal end point intersecting the existing water intercepting gutter is searched by using the group optimization algorithm step by step according to a preset step length.

Images