Method and system for calculating dynamic heat transfer of spray cooling double-layer glass curtain wall

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of glass curtain wall heat transfer calculation, and particularly discloses a method and system for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray cooling double-layer glass curtain wall, and the method comprises the steps: creating a numerical model of a spray evaporation cooling system, and obtaining the evaporation rate of liquid drops based on the numerical model; according to the basic structure and the heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall, transverse partition and vertical partition are carried out to obtain medium layers and a plurality of control areas of the system, and a dynamic heat transfer model of the glass curtain wall is created based on the evaporation rate, the control areas and data parameters of the control areas; obtaining a first data set, inputting the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, and obtaining an indoor total heat value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data, according to the method, dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray cooling double-layer glass curtain wall is achieved, and the thermal performance of the energy-saving glass curtain wall is effectively evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat transfer calculation of glass curtain walls, and in particular to a calculation method and system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. Background Art

[0002] At present, double-glazed curtain wall (DSF), as a key component of modern architecture, has become part of the urban landscape due to its attractive appearance, comfortable lighting perspective, affinity with the natural environment, and excellent thermal performance. Compared with traditional glass curtain wall systems, DSF systems can effectively slow down the heat exchange between indoor and outdoor, and prevent direct solar radiation from causing heat gain to the interior. However, in hot climates, strong solar radiation may cause a "greenhouse effect" in the cavity, making its internal airflow a heat source for the building, causing indoor overheating problems and increasing air conditioning energy consumption. Therefore, further technological innovation is urgently needed to solve the negative thermal effects of DSF in hot climates.

[0003] As a promising active cooling technology, spray cooling technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages of low energy consumption, simple structure and no pollution, and has been widely used in many fields. This technology uses high-pressure nozzles to atomize water into tiny droplets, expand the contact area between water and the surrounding air, promote direct evaporation, and effectively improve the local high temperature environment. Installing a spray system on the top of the ventilation cavity cleverly solves the problem of cavity overheating, and significantly enhances the insulation capacity of the ventilation curtain wall, effectively reducing the overall heat load of the building in hot and arid climates.

[0004] The operation of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall (SC-DSF) involves a high degree of integration of multiple complex non-steady-state heat and mass transfer processes, involving the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transfer, droplet evaporative cooling, ventilation airflow, and convective heat transfer. At present, the cooling performance is mainly analyzed by experimental methods. There is a lack of spray cooling and thermal calculation theoretical models suitable for ventilated double-skin glass curtain walls, which brings certain difficulties to the evaluation of the thermal performance of the system and the energy-saving potential of the building. Therefore, a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain walls is urgently needed to achieve an effective evaluation of the thermal performance of energy-saving glass curtain walls and energy-saving buildings. Summary of the invention

[0005] This application aims to solve the lack of spray cooling and thermal calculation theoretical model methods suitable for ventilated double-layer glass curtain walls in the prior art. Therefore, a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-layer glass curtain walls is proposed. This method establishes a thermal calculation model of spray-cooled double-layer glass curtain walls by horizontal zoning and vertical zone division, and simply clarifies the regional model based on physical structure and function. The energy balance differential equation group is established using the principle of energy conservation, and the finite difference method is used to numerically solve the model to realize the dynamic heat transfer calculation of spray-cooled double-layer glass curtain walls.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, comprising: Creating a numerical model of a spray evaporative cooling system, and obtaining an evaporation rate of a droplet based on the numerical model; According to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall, each layer of medium is vertically and evenly divided into regions for the structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain multiple control regions, wherein the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer medium; Based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area, a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall is created; Acquire a first data set, and input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, wherein the first data set includes environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall; Based on the hourly temperature data, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, creating a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system and obtaining the evaporation rate of the droplets based on the numerical model includes: The heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets is analyzed based on the numerical model to calculate the droplet evaporation rate, wherein: The droplet evaporation rate m is calculated as follows: At Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as: Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, To control the humidity of the air inside, is the humidity ratio of the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, creating a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas, and the data parameters of each control area includes: According to the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area and in combination with the principle of energy conservation, the heat balance equation of each control area is determined, wherein the heat balance equation of each control area includes: The heat balance equation of the outer single-layer glass layer is: The heat balance equation of the outer layer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the inner layer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of each layer of medium control body, For the outer single-layer glass i The area of ​​the control unit, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, For the outer single-layer glass i The temperature of each control unit, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, For the outer single-layer glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, is the thickness of the air layer, and are the temperatures of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer and the inner layer of the insulating glass, is the emissivity between the outer and inner layers of insulating glass, is the solar radiation energy absorbed by the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass; is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the thermal conductivity of the interlayer air, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, and The outer and inner layers of the laminated air double-layer insulating glass are i The temperature of each control unit, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the hollow glass, For the hollow inner glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the heat balance equation of each control area further includes: When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit in the ventilation cavity, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the mass flow rate of the ventilation cavity airflow, is the constant pressure specific heat of the ventilation cavity air, and are the temperatures of the i-1th and i-th control units in the ventilation cavity, is the temperature of the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the ith control volume, is the latent heat of evaporation of water.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data include: The total indoor heat value The calculation formula is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, is the indoor air temperature, For the sandwich air double-layer insulating glass outer layer inner layer i The temperature of each control unit, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, It is the radiant heat flow that directly enters the room through the curtain wall system.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data include: The calculation formula of the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient U is: In the formula, It is the total heat flow into the room through the glass curtain wall system. is the outdoor air temperature, is the indoor air temperature.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data include: The solar gain factor value SHGC The calculation formula is: in, , In the formula, is the direct solar transmittance; is the secondary heat transfer factor; To prevent solar radiation from penetrating into the interior through the curtain wall system, is the total solar radiation projected onto the facade, and are the outward and inward heat transfer coefficients, respectively, is the absorption rate of the exterior window in the direction of the sun; is the absorption rate of the inner window in the direction of the sun; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution provided by the present application has at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1) The method of the present application divides the glass curtain wall structure into multiple control areas by lateral zoning and vertical zoning in combination with the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the glass curtain wall structure, and establishes a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system to obtain the evaporation rate of the droplets. The evaporation rate and the multiple control areas obtained by the division are combined, and the heat balance equation of each control area is determined according to the principle of conservation of energy to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. The environment, glass and spray parameters of the glass curtain wall are input into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature of each layer of the curtain wall medium. At the same time, the total indoor heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value are obtained through the hourly temperature to evaluate the thermal performance of the curtain wall. This method effectively realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall.

[0014] 2) The method of this application adopts the regional division method and takes into account the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transmission, droplet evaporative cooling, ventilation airflow and convective heat transfer. It can more accurately calculate the thermal performance of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. At the same time, the spray droplet modeling method is used to obtain the evaporation rate of the droplets, fully considering the dynamic changes of the evaporation rate of the system caused by the actual environment. In addition, it can effectively solve the problem of calculating the heat transfer characteristics of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall from the simulation level, which can greatly save researchers' experimental testing time.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calculation system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, comprising: A first acquisition module is configured to acquire the evaporation rate of the droplets based on creating a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system; The area division module is configured to divide the curtain wall horizontally and vertically according to its basic structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain multiple control areas, wherein the multiple control areas include: an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer, each layer of medium is evenly divided into multiple areas along the vertical direction, and the thermal parameters of the central node of each area are used as an assumption to replace the thermal parameters of the entire area; A model creation module is configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas, and data parameters of each control area; The second acquisition module is configured to acquire a first data set, which includes the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall, wherein the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed and glass temperature, and the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate and droplet radius.

[0016] The first data processing module is configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium.

[0017] The second data processing module is configured to obtain, based on the hourly temperature data, a total indoor heat gain value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value, and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any embodiment of the first aspect above.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect above.

[0020] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the second, third and fourth aspects can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of heat conduction of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a flow chart of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a flow chart of dynamic heat transfer information processing of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a control area division diagram of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a block diagram of a computing system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application; Reference numerals: 1. External single-layer glass; 2. Baffle; 3. Nozzle; 4. External double-layer insulating glass; 5. Hollow layer; 6. Internal double-layer insulating glass; 7. Wall; 8. Cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific implementations and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0026] As a key component of modern buildings, double-glazed curtain wall (DSF) systems can effectively slow down the heat exchange between indoor and outdoor, and prevent the heat gain of direct solar radiation to the indoor space compared to traditional glass curtain wall systems. However, in hot climates, strong solar radiation may cause a "greenhouse effect" in the cavity, making the internal airflow a heat source for the building, causing indoor overheating and increasing air conditioning energy consumption. Spray cooling technology, as a promising active cooling technology, has attracted much attention due to its advantages of low energy consumption, simple structure and no pollution, and has been widely used in many fields. This technology uses high-pressure nozzles to atomize water into tiny droplets, expand the contact area between water and surrounding air, promote direct evaporation, and effectively improve the local high temperature environment. Installing a spray system on the top of the ventilation cavity cleverly solves the problem of cavity overheating, and significantly enhances the thermal insulation capacity of the ventilation curtain wall, effectively reducing the overall heat load of the building in hot and arid climates.

[0027] In one example, see Figure 1 to Figure 2 , Figure 1 to Figure 2The schematic diagram of the structure of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall and the schematic diagram of heat conduction provided by the present embodiment are shown. The operation process of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall (SC-DSF) involves a high degree of integration of multiple complex non-steady-state heat and mass transfer processes, involving the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transmission, droplet evaporative cooling, ventilation airflow, and convective heat transfer, including a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall body. The spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall body includes an outer single-layer glass 1 and a double-layer insulating glass consisting of an outer side 4 of a double-layer insulating glass, a hollow layer 5, and an inner side 6 of a double-layer insulating glass. There is a cavity 8 between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the double-layer insulating glass. The nozzle 3 is placed on the top of the cavity 8, and the baffle 2 is fixed to the wall 7.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-layer glass curtain wall involves the heat radiation of the sun to the outer single-layer glass 1 and the double-layer insulating glass, the convection heat exchange between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the outside, the convection heat exchange between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the cavity 8, the evaporation heat exchange of the mist droplets, the convection heat exchange between the cavity 8 and the outer side 4 of the double-layer insulating glass, the heat conduction between the outer side 4 of the double-layer insulating glass and the inner side 6 of the double-layer insulating glass and the hollow layer 5, and the convection heat exchange between the inner side 6 of the double-layer insulating glass and the room.

[0029] At present, the inventors have found that the dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain walls is currently mainly analyzed by experimental methods, and there is a lack of spray cooling and thermal calculation theoretical models suitable for ventilated double-skin glass curtain walls, which brings certain difficulties to the evaluation of the thermal performance of the system and the energy-saving potential of the building. Based on this, the inventors proposed a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain walls, which realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain walls.

[0030] In combination with the above-mentioned spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall result and multiple embodiments, a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided by the present application is described below.

[0031] See also Figures 3 to 5 This embodiment provides a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, including: Step S100: creating a numerical model of a spray evaporative cooling system, and obtaining an evaporation rate of a droplet based on the numerical model; In this step, you can combine Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system uses the Lagrangian formula to divide the spray into discrete droplet samples and track their movement and transport in the flow field. By introducing appropriate source terms in the gas phase motion equation, the effect of the droplets on the gas phase can be considered, and the evaporation rate of the droplets can be obtained based on the numerical model. m , evaporation rate mThe acquisition is used to prepare for the dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall; Specifically, the heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets are analyzed based on the numerical model to calculate the droplet evaporation rate, wherein: The droplet evaporation rate m is calculated as follows: At Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as: Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, To control the humidity content of the indoor air; is the humidity ratio of the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density.

[0032] The humidity ratio of the droplet surface can be obtained by the following formula: In the formula, is the atmospheric pressure, Pa ; is the saturation pressure of water, Pa , defined by the following empirical equation: In the formula, is the droplet temperature, K.

[0033] Continue reading Figure 4 Before establishing the heat transfer model, the optical properties and cavity heat and mass transfer need to be preprocessed. In order to describe the transmission mechanism of solar radiation in the spray cooling process of the system, this embodiment uses the Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the Mie scattering theory to calculate the optical properties of the glass layer and the droplet layer with attached droplets, and then establishes the energy balance equation of each layer of the medium based on the net radiation method to calculate the optical properties of the system (transmittance, reflectivity and absorptivity). In order to deeply analyze the heat and mass transfer mechanism of droplets and airflow in the cavity spray field, this embodiment adopts the spray droplet modeling method. The model includes the solution of a system of inhomogeneous ordinary differential equations, and takes into account the conservation of energy, mass and momentum of airflow and water flow.

[0034] It is understandable that the method steps in this embodiment can be executed by program in an electronic device having electronic components such as a memory and a processor, wherein the electronic device includes but is not limited to electronic products such as desktop computers, notebooks, and smart phones.

[0035] Step S200: vertically and uniformly dividing each layer of medium into regions according to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain a plurality of control regions, wherein the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer, and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer medium; In this step, see Figure 5 Before establishing the heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, the curtain wall is divided horizontally and vertically according to its basic structure and function. From the outside to the inside, the curtain wall is composed of the outer single-layer glass layer (og layer), the spray-ventilated cavity layer (ca layer), the outer layer of double-layer insulating glass (eg layer), the air interlayer of double-layer insulating glass (gap layer) and the inner layer of double-layer insulating glass (ig layer); each layer of medium is evenly divided into n regions in the vertical direction, and the thermal parameters of the central node of each region are used to replace the thermal parameters of the entire region as the assumption.

[0036] Step S300: creating a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and data parameters of each control area; In this step, a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall is created. It is necessary to determine the heat balance equation of each control area according to the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area and in combination with the principle of energy conservation. The heat balance equation of each control area includes: The heat balance equation of the outer single-layer glass (og layer) is: In the formula, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of each layer of medium control body, For the outer single-layer glass i The area of ​​the control unit, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, For the outer single-layer glass i The temperature of each control unit, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, For the outer single-layer glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit; The heat balance equation of the outer layer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, is the area of ​​the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, is the thickness of the air layer, and are the temperatures of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer and the inner layer of the insulating glass, is the emissivity between the outer and inner layers of insulating glass, is the solar radiation energy absorbed by the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass; When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit in the ventilation cavity, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the ventilation cavity airflow mass flow rate, is the constant pressure specific heat of the ventilation cavity air, and are the temperatures of the i-1th and i-th control units in the ventilation cavity, is the temperature of the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the ith control volume, is the latent heat of evaporation of water.

[0037] The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, is the area of ​​the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass; The heat balance equation of the inner layer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the thermal conductivity of the interlayer air, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, and The outer and inner layers of the laminated air double-layer insulating glass are i The temperature of each control unit, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the hollow glass, For the hollow inner glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit.

[0038] Step S400: acquiring a first data set, and inputting the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, wherein the first data set includes the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall; In this step, the first data set refers to the data used to input into the dynamic heat transfer model. The first data set includes at least the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall. After obtaining the environment, glass and spray parameters, it is necessary to perform preliminary processing on the relevant parameters. The preliminary processing may include eliminating abnormal parameters, etc. The specific selection can be made according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0039] It should be noted that the environmental and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed and glass temperature; the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate and droplet radius. The specific method for collecting parameters can be: first, place the wind speed sensor at the same level as the glass curtain wall, hang the temperature and humidity integrated instrument outdoors where it is not exposed to direct sunlight, install a thermal resistor on the glass measuring point to collect temperature, collect wind speed, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, indoor and outdoor radiation values ​​and glass measuring point temperature through the data acquisition instrument, and set and record the spray time, spray pressure and spray flow rate through the water pump control device.

[0040] Furthermore, by inputting the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model, the heat balance equations of the outer single-layer glass layer (og layer), the spray ventilation cavity layer (ca layer), the outer layer of the double-layer insulating glass (eg layer), the air interlayer of the double-layer insulating glass (gap layer) and the inner layer of the double-layer insulating glass (ig layer) are calculated to obtain the hourly temperature data T of each layer of the medium.

[0041] Step S500: Based on the hourly temperature data, a total indoor heat gain value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained.

[0042] In this step, based on the hourly temperature data T obtained in step S400, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained, specifically including: Total indoor heat value The calculation formula is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, is the indoor air temperature, For the sandwich air double-layer insulating glass outer layer inner layer i The temperature of each control unit, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, It is the radiant heat flow that directly enters the room through the curtain wall system.

[0043] The calculation formula of comprehensive heat transfer coefficient U is: In the formula, It is the total heat flow into the room through the glass curtain wall system; is the outdoor air temperature; is the indoor air temperature.

[0044] Solar gain factor value SHGC The calculation formula is: in, , In the formula, Indicates direct solar transmittance; represents the secondary heat transfer factor; It is the solar radiation that penetrates into the interior through the curtain wall system; is the total solar radiation projected onto the facade; and denote the outward and inward heat transfer coefficients, respectively; is the absorption rate of the exterior window in the direction of the sun; is the absorption rate of the inner window from the sun; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

[0045] The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall in the above method steps is to divide the glass curtain wall structure horizontally and vertically into multiple control areas by combining the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the glass curtain wall structure, and establish a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system to obtain the evaporation rate of the droplets, and combine the evaporation rate and the multiple control areas obtained by the division, and determine the heat balance equation of each control area according to the principle of conservation of energy to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, and then input the environment, glass and spray parameters of the glass curtain wall into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature of each layer of the curtain wall medium. At the same time, the total indoor heat value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value are obtained through the hourly temperature to evaluate the thermal performance of the curtain wall. This method effectively realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall.

[0046] The regional division method is adopted, and the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transmission, droplet evaporative cooling, ventilation airflow and convective heat transfer are taken into consideration. The thermal performance of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall can be calculated more accurately. At the same time, the spray droplet modeling method is adopted to obtain the evaporation rate of the droplets, fully considering the dynamic changes of the system's evaporation rate caused by the actual environment. In addition, the problem of calculating the heat transfer characteristics of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall can be effectively solved from the simulation level, which can greatly save researchers' experimental testing time.

[0047] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 The present embodiment provides a computing system 200 for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. The computing system 200 for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall includes: A first acquisition module 210 is configured to acquire an evaporation rate of a droplet based on creating a numerical model of a spray evaporative cooling system; The area division module 220 is configured to divide the curtain wall into horizontal and vertical areas according to its basic structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain a plurality of control areas, wherein the plurality of control areas include: an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer, each layer of medium is evenly divided into a plurality of areas along the vertical direction, and the thermal parameters of the central node of each area are used as an assumption to replace the thermal parameters of the entire area; A model creation module 230 is configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas, and the data parameters of each control area; The second acquisition module 240 is configured to acquire a first data set, which includes the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall, wherein the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed and glass temperature, and the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate and droplet radius.

[0048] The first data processing module 250 is configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium.

[0049] The second data processing module 260 is configured to obtain, based on the hourly temperature data, a total indoor heat gain value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value, and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

[0050] In some embodiments, an electronic device is also provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0051] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present application is shown. Figure 7 The electronic device 12 shown is merely an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0052] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 12 is in the form of a general-purpose computing device, and the components of the electronic device 12 may include but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 connecting different system components (including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16).

[0053] The bus 18 represents one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processor, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus structures. For example, these architectures include but are not limited to the Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, the Micro Channel Architecture (MAC) bus, the Enhanced ISA bus, the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and the Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) bus.

[0054] The electronic device 12 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. These media can be any available media that can be accessed by the electronic device 12, including volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

[0055] The memory 28 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory 30 (RAM) and / or cache memory 32. The electronic device 12 may further include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, the storage system 34 may be used to read and write non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media ( Figure 7 Not shown, usually called a "hard drive").

[0056] although Figure 7 Not shown, a disk drive for reading and writing a removable non-volatile disk (e.g., a "floppy disk"), and an optical disk drive for reading and writing a removable non-volatile optical disk (e.g., a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital video disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM), or other optical media) may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to the bus 18 via one or more data medium interfaces. The memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules configured to perform the functions of the various embodiments of the present application.

[0057] A program / utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored, for example, in the memory 28, such program modules 42 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment. The program modules 42 generally perform the functions and / or methods of the embodiments described herein.

[0058] The electronic device 12 may also communicate with one or more external devices 14 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, display 24, etc.), may also communicate with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 12, and / or communicate with any device that enables the electronic device 12 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.). Such communication may be performed through an input / output (I / O) interface 22. Furthermore, the electronic device 12 may also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network, such as the Internet) through a network adapter 20.

[0059] like Figure 7As shown, the network adapter 20 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 12 via the bus 18. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 12, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0060] The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the programs stored in the system memory 28, such as implementing the steps of the tunnel lining crack detection method based on deep learning mentioned in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0061] In some embodiments, based on the same inventive concept, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which computer program instructions are stored. When the program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided in the above embodiment are implemented.

[0062] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a series of steps or units are included, or optionally, steps or units not listed are included, or optionally, other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices are included.

[0063] Only the part relevant to the present application is shown in the accompanying drawings, but not all of the content. Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processing or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow chart describes each operation (or step) as a sequential process, many of the operations therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of each operation can be rearranged. When its operation is completed, the process can be terminated, but it can also have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0064] The terms "component", "module", "system", "unit", etc. used in this specification are used to represent computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a unit can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these units can be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. Units can communicate through local and / or remote processes, for example, based on signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from a second unit interacting with another unit in a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network. For example, the Internet interacts with other systems via signals).

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0066] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Mentioning "embodiment" in this article means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present embodiment application. The appearance of this phrase in various positions in the specification is not necessarily the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It can be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0068] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the disclosure disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. A calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. It is characterized in that include: Creating a numerical model of a spray evaporative cooling system, and obtaining an evaporation rate of a droplet based on the numerical model; According to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall, each layer of medium is vertically and evenly divided into regions for the structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain multiple control regions, wherein the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer medium; Based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area, a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall is created; Acquire a first data set, and input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, wherein the first data set includes environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall; Based on the hourly temperature data, the total indoor heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained.

2. A calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of creating a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system and obtaining the evaporation rate of the droplets based on the numerical model comprises: The heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets is analyzed based on the numerical model to calculate the droplet evaporation rate, wherein: The droplet evaporation rate m is calculated as follows: At Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as: Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, To control the humidity of the air inside, is the humidity ratio of the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density.

3. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of creating a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area includes: According to the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area and in combination with the principle of energy conservation, the heat balance equation of each control area is determined, wherein the heat balance equation of each control area includes: The heat balance equation of the outer single-layer glass layer is: The heat balance equation of the outer layer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the inner layer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of each layer of medium control body, For the outer single-layer glass i The area of ​​the control unit, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, For the outer single-layer glass i The temperature of each control unit, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, For the outer single-layer glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, is the thickness of the air layer, and are the temperatures of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer and the inner layer of the insulating glass, is the emissivity between the outer and inner layers of insulating glass, is the solar radiation energy absorbed by the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass; is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the thermal conductivity of the interlayer air, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, and The outer and inner layers of the laminated air double-layer insulating glass are i The temperature of each control unit, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the hollow glass, For the hollow inner glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit.

4. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The heat balance equations of each control area also include: When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit in the ventilation cavity, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the mass flow rate of the ventilation cavity airflow, is the constant pressure specific heat of the ventilation cavity air, and are the temperatures of the i-1th and i-th control units in the ventilation cavity, is the temperature of the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the ith control volume, is the latent heat of evaporation of water.

5. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The total indoor heat value The calculation formula is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, is the indoor air temperature, For the sandwich air double-layer insulating glass outer layer inner layer i The temperature of each control unit, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, It is the radiant heat flow that directly enters the room through the curtain wall system.

6. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The calculation formula of the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient U is: In the formula, It is the total heat flow into the room through the glass curtain wall system. is the outdoor air temperature, is the indoor air temperature.

7. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The solar gain factor value SHGC The calculation formula is: in, , In the formula, is the direct solar transmittance; is the secondary heat transfer factor; To prevent solar radiation from penetrating into the interior through the curtain wall system, is the total solar radiation projected onto the facade, and are the outward and inward heat transfer coefficients, respectively, is the absorption rate of the exterior window in the direction of the sun; is the absorption rate of the inner window in the direction of the sun; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

8. A calculation system for dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. It is characterized in that include: A first acquisition module is configured to acquire the evaporation rate of the droplets based on creating a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system; The zone division module is configured to divide the curtain wall horizontally and vertically according to its basic structure and heat transfer mechanism, so as to obtain a single-layer glass layer on the outside, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer, and each layer of medium is evenly divided into multiple zones in the vertical direction, and the thermal parameters of the central node of each zone are used as the assumption to replace the thermal parameters of the entire zone; A model creation module is configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas, and data parameters of each control area; The second acquisition module is configured to acquire a first data set, which includes the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall, wherein the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed and glass temperature, and the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate and droplet radius. The first data processing module is configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium. The second data processing module is configured to obtain, based on the hourly temperature data, a total indoor heat gain value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value, and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

9. An electronic device, It is characterized in that include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, It is characterized in that When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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