A calculation method and system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of heat transfer calculation of glass curtain walls, and specifically discloses a calculation method and system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, including creating a numerical model of a spray evaporation cooling system and obtaining the evaporation rate of droplets based on the numerical model; performing lateral zoning and vertical area division according to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain each medium layer and multiple control regions of the system, and creating a dynamic heat transfer model of the glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, multiple control regions and data parameters of each control region; obtaining a first data set, inputting the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, and based on the hourly temperature data, obtaining the total indoor heat gain value, overall heat transfer coefficient value and solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall. The method realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall and effectively evaluates the thermal performance of the energy-saving glass curtain wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat transfer calculation of glass curtain walls, and particularly relates to a calculation method and system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. Background Art

[0002] Currently, as a key component of modern buildings, the double-skin glass curtain wall (DSF) has become part of the urban landscape due to its eye-catching appearance, comfortable daylighting and perspective, affinity with the natural environment, and excellent thermal performance. Compared with traditional glass curtain wall systems, the DSF system can effectively slow down the heat exchange between indoors and outdoors and prevent the heat gain of direct solar radiation indoors. However, in high-temperature climates, strong solar radiation may cause the "greenhouse effect" in the cavity, making the internal air flow become the heat source of the building, leading to indoor overheating problems and increasing air-conditioning energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further technological innovation to solve the negative thermal effects that DSF may have in hot climates.

[0003] As a promising active cooling technology, spray cooling technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, simple structure, and no pollution, and has been widely used in many fields. This technology uses high-pressure nozzles to atomize water into tiny droplets, expanding the contact area between water and the surrounding air and promoting direct evaporation, thereby effectively improving the local high-temperature environment. Installing a spray system at the top of the ventilation cavity cleverly solves the problem of cavity overheating, significantly enhances the heat insulation ability of the ventilation curtain wall, and effectively reduces the overall heat load borne by the building in hot and arid climates.

[0004] During the operation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall (SC-DSF), it involves a highly complex combination of various unsteady heat and mass transfer processes, including the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transfer, droplet evaporation cooling, ventilation air flow, and convective heat transfer. Currently, mainly experimental methods are relied on to analyze its cooling performance, lacking a theoretical model for spray cooling and thermal calculation applicable to ventilated double-skin glass curtain walls, which brings certain difficulties to evaluating the thermal performance and building energy-saving potential of this system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain walls to effectively evaluate the thermal performance of energy-saving glass curtain walls and energy-saving buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve the problem that there is a lack of a theoretical model method for spray cooling and thermal calculation applicable to ventilated double - skin glass curtain walls in the prior art. Therefore, a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray - cooled double - skin glass curtain wall is proposed. This method divides the area horizontally and vertically, and based on the physical structure and function, a simple and clear area model is defined to establish a thermal calculation model for the spray - cooled double - skin glass curtain wall. The energy - conservation principle is used to establish a system of differential equations for energy balance, and the finite - difference method is used for numerical solution of the model to achieve the dynamic heat - transfer calculation of the spray - cooled double - skin glass curtain wall.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray - cooled double - skin glass curtain wall, including:

[0007] Create a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system, and obtain the evaporation rate of droplets based on the numerical model;

[0008] Vertically and uniformly divide the regions of each layer of medium according to the basic structure and heat - transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain a plurality of control regions, where the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, a single - layer outer - side glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, an outer - layer of double - pane insulating glass, an air interlayer of double - pane insulating glass, and an inner - layer medium of double - pane insulating glass;

[0009] Create a dynamic heat - transfer model of the spray - cooled double - skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the plurality of control regions, and the data parameters of each control region;

[0010] Obtain a first data set, and input the first data set into the dynamic heat - transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, where the first data set includes the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the curtain wall;

[0011] Based on the hourly temperature data, obtain the total indoor heat gain value, the overall heat - transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the creating a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system and obtaining the evaporation rate of droplets based on the numerical model includes:

[0013] Analyze the heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and water droplets based on the numerical model to calculate the evaporation rate, where

[0014] The calculation formula for the evaporation rate m is:

[0015] When Re = 0, the mass - transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as:

[0016]

[0017] Wherein, Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, is the moisture content in the controlled air, is the humidity ratio on the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, creating a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the plurality of control regions, and the data parameters of each control region includes:

[0019] Determining the heat balance equations of each control region according to the evaporation rate, the plurality of control regions, and the data parameters of each control region and in combination with the principle of energy conservation, wherein the heat balance equations of each control region include:

[0020] The heat balance equation of the outer single glass layer is:

[0021]

[0022] The heat balance equation of the outer layer of the double-glazed insulating glass is:

[0023]

[0024] The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of the double-glazed insulating glass is:

[0025]

[0026] The heat balance equation of the inner layer of the double-glazed insulating glass is:

[0027]

[0028] Wherein, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of the control volumes of each layer of medium respectively, is the area of the i th control unit of the outer single glass, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, is the temperature of the i th control unit of the outer single glass, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, is the solar radiant energy absorbed by the i th control unit of the outer single-layer glass; is the area of the th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, and are the temperatures of the th control units of the air interlayer and the inner layer of the insulating glass respectively, is the emissivity between the outer and inner layers of the insulating glass, is the solar radiant energy absorbed by the th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass; is the area of the th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass, and are the ventilation areas of the i th control units of the air interlayer and the outer layer of the double-layer insulating glass respectively, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the insulating glass, is the solar radiant energy absorbed by the i th control unit of the inner layer of the insulating glass.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present application, the heat balance equations of the respective control regions further include:

[0030] When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is:

[0031]

[0032] When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, is the ventilation area of the th control unit of the ventilation cavity, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the mass flow rate of the air flow in the ventilation cavity, and are the temperatures of the th and th control units of the ventilation cavity respectively, is the temperature of the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the i-th control volume is the latent heat of evaporation of water

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present application, obtaining the total indoor heat gain value, the overall heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes:

[0036] The total indoor heat gain value The calculation formula is:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, is the ventilation area of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air is the indoor air temperature is the temperature of the inner and outer layers of the double-layer insulating glass with air interlayer for the i i-th control unit is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is the radiant heat flux directly entering the room through the curtain wall system

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present application, obtaining the total indoor heat gain value, the overall heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes:

[0040] The calculation formula for the overall heat transfer coefficient U is:

[0041] In the formula, is the total heat flux flowing into the room through the glass curtain wall system is the outdoor air temperature is the indoor air temperature

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present application, obtaining the total indoor heat gain value, the overall heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes:

[0043] The solar gain coefficient value SHGC The calculation formula is:

[0044] Wherein, ,

[0045] In the formula, is the direct solar transmittance; is the secondary heat transfer factor; is the solar radiation penetrating into the room through the curtain wall system, is the total solar radiation value projected onto the facade, and are the heat transfer coefficients for outward and inward respectively, is the absorptance of the outer window in the solar direction; is the absorptance of the inner window in the solar direction; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, in the above technical solution provided by the present application, there are at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0047] 1) By combining the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the glass curtain wall structure, the method of the present application conducts horizontal zoning and vertical area division on it to obtain multiple control areas, and establishes a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets. Combining the evaporation rate and the multiple control areas obtained by the division, and according to the principle of energy conservation, the heat balance equations of each control area are determined to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. Then, by inputting the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the glass curtain wall into the dynamic heat transfer model, the hourly temperature of each layer of the medium of the curtain wall can be obtained. At the same time, the total indoor heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value are obtained from the hourly temperature to evaluate the thermal performance of the curtain wall. This method effectively realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall.

[0048] 2) The method of the present application adopts the zoning method and considers the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transfer, fog droplet evaporation cooling, ventilation air flow, and convective heat transfer, etc., and can calculate the thermal performance of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall more accurately. At the same time, the spray droplet modeling method is adopted to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets, fully considering the dynamic changes of the evaporation rate of the system caused by the actual environment, and can effectively solve the problem of calculating the heat transfer characteristics of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall from the simulation level, which can greatly save the experimental test time of researchers.

[0049] In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a calculation system for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, including:

[0050] The first acquisition module is configured to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets based on creating a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system;

[0051] The area division module is configured to perform horizontal and vertical area divisions on the curtain wall according to its basic structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain multiple control areas. The multiple control areas include: the outer single-layer glass layer, the spray ventilation cavity layer, the outer layer of the double-layer insulating glass, the air interlayer of the double-layer insulating glass, and the inner layer of the double-layer insulating glass. Each layer of medium is evenly divided into multiple areas in the vertical direction, and it is assumed that the thermal parameters of the central node of each area are used to replace the thermal parameters of the entire area.

[0052] The model creation module is configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas, and the data parameters of each control area.

[0053] The second acquisition module is configured to acquire a first data set, which includes the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the curtain wall. Among them, the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed, and glass temperature. The spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate, and droplet radius.

[0054] The first data processing module is configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature data of each layer of medium.

[0055] The second data processing module is configured to obtain the total indoor heat gain value, the overall heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data.

[0056] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:

[0057] At least one processor; and

[0058] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0059] The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the steps of a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any embodiment of the first aspect above.

[0060] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any embodiment of the first aspect above are implemented.

[0061] It can be understood that for the beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the above second aspect, third aspect, and fourth aspect, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions in the above first aspect, and details will not be repeated here.

[0062] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0064] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of heat conduction of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 4 is a flowchart of dynamic heat transfer information processing of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 5 is a control area division diagram of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 6 is a block diagram of a calculation system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 7 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Reference Signs:

[0072] 1, outer single-layer glass; 2, baffle; 3, nozzle; 4, outer side of double-layer insulating glass; 5, insulating layer; 6, inner side of double-layer insulating glass; 7, wall; 8, cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0073] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0074] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0075] As a key component of modern architecture, the double-skin facade (DSF) can effectively slow down the heat exchange between indoors and outdoors compared with the traditional glass curtain wall system. The DSF system can prevent the direct solar radiation from causing heat gain indoors. However, in high-temperature climates, strong solar radiation may cause the "greenhouse effect" in the cavity, making the internal air flow become the heat source of the building, leading to indoor overheating problems and increasing air-conditioning energy consumption. As a promising active cooling technology, the spray cooling technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, simple structure, and no pollution, and has been widely applied in many fields. This technology uses high-pressure nozzles to atomize water into tiny droplets, expanding the contact area between water and the surrounding air and promoting direct evaporation, thus effectively improving the local high-temperature environment. Installing a spray system at the top of the ventilation cavity cleverly solves the problem of cavity overheating, significantly enhances the heat insulation ability of the ventilated facade, and effectively reduces the overall heat load borne by the building in hot and arid climates.

[0076] In one example, referring to Figures 1 to 2 , Figures 1 to 2 shows a schematic structural diagram and a heat conduction diagram of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided in this embodiment. During the operation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall (SC-DSF), it involves a highly complex combination of various unsteady heat and mass transfer processes, including the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transfer, droplet evaporation cooling, ventilation air flow, and convective heat transfer, etc. The spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall body includes an outer single-layer glass 1 and a double-layer hollow glass composed of an outer double-layer hollow glass 4, a hollow layer 5, and an inner double-layer hollow glass 6. There is a cavity 8 between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the double-layer hollow glass. The nozzle 3 is placed at the top of the cavity 8, and the baffle 2 is fixed on the wall 7.

[0077] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall involves the solar thermal radiation on the outer single-layer glass 1 and the double-glazed insulating glass, the convective heat transfer between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the outdoor environment, the convective heat transfer between the outer single-layer glass 1 and the cavity 8, the evaporation heat transfer of the fog droplets, the convective heat transfer between the cavity 8 and the outer side 4 of the double-glazed insulating glass, the heat conduction between the outer side 4 and the inner side 6 of the double-glazed insulating glass and the hollow layer 5, and the convective heat transfer between the inner side 6 of the double-glazed insulating glass and the indoor environment.

[0078] Currently, the inventor has found that for the dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, the current analysis of its cooling performance mainly relies on experimental methods, lacking a theoretical model for spray cooling and thermal calculation applicable to the ventilated double-glass curtain wall, which brings certain difficulties to evaluating the thermal performance and building energy-saving potential of the system. Based on this, the inventor proposes a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, which realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall.

[0079] The following describes a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided by the present application in combination with the above-mentioned results of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall and multiple embodiments.

[0080] Please refer to Figures 3 to 5 , this embodiment provides a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, including:

[0081] Step S100: Create a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system, and obtain the evaporation rate of the droplets based on the numerical model;

[0082] In this step, in combination with Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system uses the Lagrangian formula to divide the spray into discrete droplet samples and track their movement and transport in the flow field. By introducing appropriate source terms into the gas-phase motion equation, the influence of the droplets on the gas phase can be considered, and the evaporation rate of the droplets can be obtained based on the numerical model m , the evaporation rate m is obtained to prepare for the dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall;

[0083] Specifically, based on the numerical model, the heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets is analyzed to calculate the evaporation rate, where

[0084] The calculation formula for the evaporation rate m is:

[0085] When Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplets to the air is defined as:

[0086]

[0087] Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, is the moisture content in the control air; is the humidity ratio at the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density.

[0088] Among them, the humidity ratio at the droplet surface can be obtained by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, is the atmospheric pressure, Pa ; is the saturation pressure of water, Pa , which is defined by the following empirical equation:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, is the droplet temperature, K.

[0093] Continue to refer to Figure 4 , before establishing the heat transfer model, it is necessary to preprocess the optical properties and the heat and mass transfer in the cavity. To describe the transfer mechanism of solar radiation during the spray cooling process of the system, in this embodiment, the Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the Mie scattering theory are respectively used to calculate the optical properties of the glass layer and the droplet layer with attached droplets, and then based on the net radiation method, the energy budget equations of each layer of medium are established to calculate the optical characteristics (transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance) of the system. To deeply analyze the heat and mass transfer mechanism of droplets and airflows in the cavity spray field, in this embodiment, a spray droplet modeling method is adopted. This model includes the solution of a system of non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations and takes into account the conservation of energy, mass, and momentum of airflows and water flows.

[0094] It can be understood that the method steps in this embodiment can be run in an electronic device with electronic components such as a memory and a processor through a program, where the electronic device includes but is not limited to electronic products such as desktop computers, laptops, and smartphones.

[0095] Step S200: Vertically and uniformly divide the regions of each layer of medium according to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain a plurality of control regions, where the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, a single-layer outer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer outer hollow glass layer, a double-layer hollow glass air interlayer, and a double-layer inner hollow glass layer medium;

[0096] In this step, please refer toFigure 5 Before establishing the heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, the curtain wall is horizontally partitioned and vertically divided according to its basic structure and functions. From the outside to the inside, the curtain wall consists of an outer single-layer glass layer (og layer), a spray ventilation cavity layer (ca layer), an outer layer of double-pane insulating glass (eg layer), an air gap layer of double-pane insulating glass (gap layer), and an inner layer of double-pane insulating glass (ig layer). Each layer of medium is evenly divided into n regions in the vertical direction, and it is assumed that the thermal parameters of the central node of each region are used to replace the thermal parameters of the entire region.

[0097] Step S300: Create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control regions, and the data parameters of each control region.

[0098] In this step, to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, it is necessary to determine the heat balance equations of each control region according to the evaporation rate, the multiple control regions, the data parameters of each control region, and in combination with the principle of conservation of energy. Among them, the heat balance equations of each control region include:

[0099] The heat balance equation of the outer single-layer glass (og layer) is:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of the control volume of each layer of medium respectively, is the area of the i th control unit of the outer single-layer glass, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, is the temperature of the i th control unit of the outer single-layer glass, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of double-pane insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, is the solar radiation energy absorbed by the i th control unit of the outer single-layer glass;

[0102] The heat balance equation of the outer layer of double-pane insulating glass is:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, is the area of the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, is the thickness of the air interlayer, and are the temperatures of the air interlayer and the i-th control unit of the inner layer of the insulating glass respectively, is the emissivity between the outer layer and the inner layer of the insulating glass, is the solar radiant energy absorbed by the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass;

[0105] When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is:

[0106]

[0107] When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, is the ventilation area of the i-th control unit of the ventilation cavity, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the mass flow rate of the air flow in the ventilation cavity, is the specific heat at constant pressure of the air in the ventilation cavity, and are the temperatures of the (i - 1)-th and i-th control units of the ventilation cavity respectively, is the temperature of the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the i-th control volume, is the latent heat of evaporation of water.

[0110] The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of the double-layer insulating glass is:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, is the area of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass;

[0113] The heat balance equation of the inner layer of the double-layer insulating glass is:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, is the ventilation area of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the interlayer air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the hollow inner layer glass and the indoor air, and are the temperatures of the outer layer and the inner layer of the double-layer hollow glass with interlayer air for the i th control units respectively, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the hollow glass, is the solar radiant energy absorbed by the i th control unit of the hollow inner layer glass.

[0116] Step S400: Obtain a first data set, and input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain the hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, where the first data set includes the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the curtain wall;

[0117] In this step, the first data set refers to the data used to input into the dynamic heat transfer model. The first data set includes at least the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the curtain wall. After obtaining the environment, glass, and spray parameters, preliminary processing of the relevant parameters is required. The preliminary processing may include eliminating abnormal parameters, etc., and specific selection can be made according to actual needs, which is not limited here.

[0118] It should be noted that the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed, and glass temperature; the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate, and droplet radius. The specific method for collecting parameters can be: First, place the wind speed sensor at the same horizontal position as the glass curtain wall, hang the temperature and humidity integrated instrument outdoors in a place not directly exposed to sunlight, install a thermal resistor on the glass measuring point to collect temperature, collect wind speed, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, indoor and outdoor radiation values, and glass measuring point temperature through a data acquisition instrument, and set and record the spray time, spray pressure, and spray flow rate through a water pump control device.

[0119] Furthermore, by inputting the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model, through the heat balance equations of each layer of the outer single-layer glass layer (og layer), spray ventilation cavity layer (ca layer), outer layer of double-layer hollow glass (eg layer), air interlayer of double-layer hollow glass (gap layer), and inner layer of double-layer hollow glass (ig layer), the hourly temperature data T of each layer of medium is obtained.

[0120] Step S500: Based on the hourly temperature data, obtain the indoor total heat gain value, overall heat transfer coefficient value, and solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

[0121] In this step, based on the hourly temperature data T obtained in step S400, the indoor total heat gain value, overall heat transfer coefficient value, and solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained, specifically including:

[0122] Total indoor heat gain value The calculation formula is as follows:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula, is the ventilation area of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, is the indoor air temperature, is the temperature of the i th control unit of the outer and inner layers of the double-layer insulating glass with air interlayer, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, is the radiant heat flux directly entering the room through the curtain wall system.

[0125] The calculation formula for the overall heat transfer coefficient U is:

[0126] In the formula, is the total heat flux flowing into the room through the glass curtain wall system; is the outdoor air temperature; is the indoor air temperature.

[0127] Solar gain coefficient value SHGC The calculation formula is:

[0128] Among them, ,

[0129] In the formula, represents the direct solar transmittance; represents the secondary heat transfer factor; is the solar radiation penetrating into the room through the curtain wall system; is the total solar radiation value projected onto the facade; and represent the heat transfer coefficients to the outside and inside respectively; is the absorptance of the outer window in the solar direction; is the absorptance of the inner window in the solar direction; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

[0130] In the above method steps, the calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall divides it into horizontal and vertical regions by combining the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the glass curtain wall structure to obtain multiple control regions, and establishes a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets. By combining the evaporation rate and the multiple control regions obtained, and according to the principle of energy conservation, the heat balance equations of each control region are determined to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. Then, by inputting the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the glass curtain wall into the dynamic heat transfer model, the hourly temperatures of each layer of the medium of the curtain wall are obtained. At the same time, the total hourly heat gain value, the overall heat transfer coefficient value, and the solar gain coefficient value of the indoor environment are obtained from the hourly temperatures to evaluate the thermal performance of the curtain wall. This method effectively realizes the dynamic heat transfer calculation of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall.

[0131] In addition, the zoning method is adopted, and the comprehensive effects of solar radiation transfer, fog droplet evaporation cooling, ventilation air flow, and convective heat transfer are considered, which can more accurately calculate the thermal performance of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall. At the same time, the spray droplet modeling method is adopted to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets, fully considering the dynamic changes in the evaporation rate of the system caused by the actual environment. Moreover, it can effectively solve the problem of calculating the heat transfer characteristics of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall from the simulation level, and can greatly save the experimental test time of researchers.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 which shows a calculation system 200 for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided in this embodiment. The calculation system 200 for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall includes:

[0133] A first acquisition module 210, configured to obtain the evaporation rate of droplets based on creating a numerical model of the spray evaporation cooling system;

[0134] A region division module 220, configured to perform horizontal zoning and vertical region division on the curtain wall according to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain multiple control regions. The multiple control regions include: an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, an outer double-layer insulating glass layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer, and an inner double-layer insulating glass layer. Each layer of the medium is evenly divided into multiple regions in the vertical direction, and the assumption is made that the thermal parameters of the central node of each region are used to replace the thermal parameters of the entire region;

[0135] A model creation module 230, configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control regions, and the data parameters of each control region;

[0136] A second acquisition module 240, configured to acquire a first data set, where the first data set includes the environment, glass, and spray parameters of the curtain wall. Among them, the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed, and glass temperature, and the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate, and droplet radius.

[0137] A first data processing module 250, configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium.

[0138] A second data processing module 260, configured to obtain the total indoor heat gain value, overall heat transfer coefficient value, and solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data.

[0139] In some embodiments, an electronic device is further provided, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; where the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the steps of a calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 which shows a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present application. Figure 7 The electronic device 12 shown is only an example and should not impose any limitations on the functions and usage scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0141] As Figure 7 shown, the electronic device 12 is presented in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 12 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 connecting different system components (including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16).

[0142] Bus 18 represents one or more of several types of bus architectures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an Accelerated Graphics Port, a processor bus, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures include, but are not limited to, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MAC) bus, Enhanced ISA bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) bus.

[0143] Electronic device 12 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. These media can be any available media that can be accessed by electronic device 12, including both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.

[0144] Memory 28 can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory 30 (RAM) and / or cache memory 32. Electronic device 12 may further include other removable / non-removable, volatile / nonvolatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 34 can be used for reading and writing on non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media ( Figure 7 not shown, and typically referred to as a "hard disk drive").

[0145] Although Figure 7 not shown in the figures, a disk drive for reading and writing on a removable nonvolatile disk (such as a "floppy disk"), and an optical disk drive for reading and writing on a removable nonvolatile optical disk (such as a Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Video Disc Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM), or other optical media) can be provided. In such cases, each drive can be connected to bus 18 by one or more data media interfaces. Memory 28 can include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0146] A program / utilities 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 can be stored, for example, in a memory 28. Such program modules 42 include, but are not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment. The program modules 42 generally execute the functions and / or methods in the embodiments described in the present application.

[0147] The electronic device 12 can also communicate with one or more external devices 14 (such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 24, etc.), and can also communicate with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 12, and / or communicate with any device that enables the electronic device 12 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (such as a network card, a modem, etc.). Such communication can be carried out through an input / output (I / O) interface 22. Moreover, the electronic device 12 can also communicate with one or more networks (such as a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and / or a public network, such as the Internet) through a network adapter 20.

[0148] As Figure 7 shown, the network adapter 20 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 12 through a bus 18. It should be understood that although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 12, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems, etc.

[0149] The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by running programs stored in the system memory 28, such as implementing the steps of the deep learning-based tunnel lining crack detection method mentioned in the foregoing embodiments.

[0150] In some embodiments, based on the same inventive concept, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which computer program instructions are stored. When the program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of a calculation method for the dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall provided in the foregoing embodiments are implemented.

[0151] In the description and claims of this application, and in the accompanying drawings, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a series of steps or units are included, or optionally, steps or units not listed are also included, or optionally, other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices are also included.

[0152] Only the parts related to this application rather than all the content are shown in the accompanying drawings. Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. When the operations are completed, the process can be terminated, but there may also be additional steps not included in the drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0153] The terms "component", "module", "system", "unit", etc. used in this specification are used to denote computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a unit can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these units can be executed from various computer-readable media storing various data structures. A unit can communicate, for example, through signals from a local and / or remote process according to signals having one or more data packets (such as data from a second unit interacting with a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network. For example, the Internet interacting with other systems through signals).

[0154] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0155] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of them. The mention of "embodiments" in this document means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears at various positions in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art can explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0156] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0157] After considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other implementations of the present application. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include the common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed in the present application. The specification and embodiments are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are pointed out by the following claims.

Claims

1. A calculation method for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, characterized in that: include: A numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system is created, and the evaporation rate of the droplets is obtained based on the numerical model, including: The heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets is analyzed based on the numerical model to calculate the evaporation rate, wherein: The evaporation rate m is calculated as follows: At Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as: Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, To control the humidity of the air inside, is the humidity ratio of the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density; According to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall, each layer of medium is vertically and evenly divided into regions for the structure and heat transfer mechanism to obtain multiple control regions, wherein the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer medium; Based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area, a dynamic heat transfer model of the spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall is created; Acquire a first data set, and input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium, wherein the first data set includes environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall; Based on the hourly temperature data, the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall are obtained.

2. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of creating a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area includes: According to the evaporation rate, the multiple control areas and the data parameters of each control area and in combination with the principle of energy conservation, the heat balance equation of each control area is determined, wherein the heat balance equation of each control area includes: The heat balance equation of the outer single-layer glass layer is: The heat balance equation of the outer layer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the air interlayer of double-layer insulating glass is: The heat balance equation of the inner layer of double-layer insulating glass is: In the formula, m , c are the mass and specific heat capacity of each layer of medium control body, For the outer single-layer glass i The area of ​​the control unit, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor air, is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer single-layer glass and the ventilation cavity, is the outdoor air temperature, For the outer single-layer glass i The temperature of each control unit, is the effective sky temperature, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outdoor environment, is the emissivity between the outer single-layer glass and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, For the outer single-layer glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the thermal conductivity of the air interlayer, is the thickness of the air layer, and are the temperatures of the i-th control unit of the air interlayer and the inner layer of the insulating glass, is the emissivity between the outer and inner layers of insulating glass, is the solar radiation energy absorbed by the i-th control unit of the outer layer of the insulating glass; is the area of ​​the i-th control unit of the air interlayer of the insulating glass; is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the thermal conductivity of the interlayer air, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, and The outer and inner layers of the laminated air double-layer insulating glass are i The temperature of each control unit, is the system emissivity between the inner and outer layers of the hollow glass, For the hollow inner glass i The solar radiation energy absorbed by each control unit.

3. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heat balance equations of each control area also include: When the spray is turned on, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: When the spray stops, the heat balance equation of the spray ventilation cavity layer is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit in the ventilation cavity, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the ventilation cavity and the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the ventilation cavity airflow mass flow rate, is the constant pressure specific heat of the ventilation cavity air, and are the temperatures of the i-1th and i-th control units in the ventilation cavity, is the temperature of the i-th control unit in the outer layer of the insulating glass, is the evaporation rate of the droplets contained in the ith control volume, is the latent heat of evaporation of water.

4. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The total indoor heat value The calculation formula is: In the formula, is the ventilation area of ​​the ith control unit of the insulating glass air interlayer, is the convection heat transfer coefficient between the inner insulating glass and the indoor air, is the indoor air temperature, For the sandwich air double-layer insulating glass outer layer inner layer i The temperature of each control unit, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, It is the radiant heat flow that directly enters the room through the curtain wall system.

5. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The calculation formula of the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient U is: In the formula, It is the total heat flow into the room through the glass curtain wall system. is the outdoor air temperature, is the indoor air temperature.

6. The calculation method of dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining the indoor total heat gain value, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value and the solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall based on the hourly temperature data includes: The solar gain factor value SHGC The calculation formula is: in, , In the formula, is the direct solar transmittance; is the secondary heat transfer factor; To prevent solar radiation from penetrating into the interior through the curtain wall system, is the total solar radiation projected onto the facade, and are the outward and inward heat transfer coefficients, respectively, is the absorption rate of the exterior window in the direction of the sun; is the absorption rate of the inner window in the direction of the sun; is the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer surfaces.

7. A calculation system for dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall, characterized in that: include: The first acquisition module is configured to acquire the evaporation rate of the droplets based on creating a numerical model of the spray evaporative cooling system, which includes: The heat and mass transfer between the cavity air and the water droplets is analyzed based on the numerical model to calculate the evaporation rate, wherein: The evaporation rate m is calculated as follows: At Re = 0, the mass transfer rate from the droplet to the air is defined as: Where Re is the Reynolds number, is the Schmidt number, To control the humidity of the air inside, is the humidity ratio of the droplet surface, is the droplet radius, is the mass diffusion coefficient, is the air density; The area division module is configured to divide each layer of medium vertically and uniformly into regions according to the basic structure and heat transfer mechanism of the curtain wall to obtain a plurality of control areas, wherein the curtain wall includes, from outside to inside, an outer single-layer glass layer, a spray ventilation cavity layer, a double-layer insulating glass outer layer, a double-layer insulating glass air interlayer, and a double-layer insulating glass inner layer medium; A model creation module is configured to create a dynamic heat transfer model of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall based on the evaporation rate, the plurality of control areas, and the data parameters of each control area; A second acquisition module is configured to acquire a first data set, wherein the first data set includes the environment, glass and spray parameters of the curtain wall, wherein the environment and glass parameters include indoor and outdoor radiation values, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed and glass temperature, and the spray parameters include spray time, spray pressure, spray flow rate and droplet radius; A first data processing module is configured to input the first data set into the dynamic heat transfer model to obtain hourly temperature data of each layer of medium; The second data processing module is configured to obtain, based on the hourly temperature data, a total indoor heat gain value, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient value, and a solar gain coefficient value for evaluating the thermal performance of the curtain wall.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of a method for calculating dynamic heat transfer of a spray-cooled double-skin glass curtain wall according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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