Method and system for determining antimony discharge amount in copper / lead / zinc smelting, terminal and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a copper / lead / zinc smelting antimony discharge amount determination method and system, a terminal and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: data acquisition: acquiring copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years; model construction: constructing a probability mass flow model comprising concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / blowing and refining stages in a copper / lead / zinc smelting process; parameter estimation: based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, using bootstrap random sampling simulation to obtain key parameter estimation distribution in the probability mass flow model; and emission amount determination: substituting the key parameter estimation distribution into the probability mass flow model to obtain the antimony emission amount distribution condition in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process. The key parameter estimation distribution in the probability mass flow model is obtained by adopting the bootstrap method, the pre-assumption of the parameter probability distribution form is removed, the uncertainty of the calculation result is reduced, and the calculation result is more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heavy metal emission in nonferrous smelting process, and in particular to a method, system, terminal and medium for determining antimony emission in copper / lead / zinc smelting. Background Art

[0002] The main evolution of the estimation method of heavy metal emissions in non-ferrous metal smelting is as follows: (1) The emission factor method based on products / raw materials, in which the emission calculated by this method is the product of the emission factor and the metal output / raw material input. (2) From the emission factor model to the mass flow model, the emission estimation covers the entire process of drying-smelting-converting-refining in non-ferrous metal smelting, making the estimation results more accurate; (3) Introducing Monte Carlo simulation in the method of converting deterministic models into probabilistic models, considering the probability distribution of key parameters, and avoiding underestimation of the geometric mean.

[0003] However, the accuracy of the emission factor method depends on the assignment of emission factors, which are mainly obtained from the following sources: estimation of a few key emission sources, publication of public literature, and data provided by experts or relevant smelters in various countries. This leads to large differences in the emission factors of heavy metals in different documents or reports, and it is impossible to accurately quantify the emission of heavy metals in the smelting process on a large scale; the parameter values ​​and result values ​​of the deterministic mass flow model are definite and unique, and are not widely applicable; the most commonly used Monte Carlo simulation method in the more advanced probabilistic mass flow model is implemented by assuming the probability distribution form of key parameters in advance, and such assumptions may cause large errors in the results. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method, system, terminal and medium for determining antimony emissions in copper / lead / zinc smelting, by using bootstrap random sampling simulation for key parameters in a probabilistic mass flow model, that is, no prior probability distribution assumption is made for the key parameters, thereby reducing the uncertainty of the calculation results.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Data collection: Obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years;

[0007] Model construction: Construct a probability mass flow model for the concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process;

[0008] Parameter estimation: Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the estimated distribution of key parameters in the probability mass flow model is obtained using bootstrap random sampling simulation;

[0009] Emission determination: The estimated distribution of key parameters is substituted into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions during the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

[0010] Furthermore, in the data collection step, the copper, lead and zinc smelting data obtained over the years specifically include:

[0011] Domestic copper / lead / zinc concentrate production and import and export volumes over the years;

[0012] Antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrates;

[0013] The distribution coefficient of antimony in flue gas and waste residue during roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages of copper / lead / zinc smelting;

[0014] Types and percentages of air pollution control devices installed at each stage of copper / lead / zinc smelting over the years;

[0015] Antimony removal rate of air pollution control devices.

[0016] Furthermore, the concentrate input stage model is expressed as follows:

[0017] Q com =C com *M com (1)

[0018] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; C com Indicates the antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrate; M com Indicates the input of copper / lead / zinc concentrates over the years.

[0019] Further, the roasting / melting stage model is expressed as follows:

[0020] I ss =Q com *ξ ss (2)

[0021] GEs=Q com *γ s *Σθ m (1-η m ) (3)

[0022] I wa =Q com *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*ηfgs+esd (4)

[0023] I sa =Q s *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*(1-η fgs+esd )*η sa (5)

[0024] I Sfgd =Q s *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*(1-η fgs+esd )*(1-η sa )*η fgd (6)

[0025] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; I ss Indicates the antimony content of copper smelting slag / lead high-lead slag / zinc roasted sand; ξ ss represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; GEs represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; θ m Indicates the combined utilization rate of air pollution control devices during the smelting stage; η m It represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the smelting stage; I wa Indicates the antimony content of the waste acid in the smelting stage; η dc Indicates the antimony removal rate of the electrostatic precipitator + waste heat boiler equipment in the smelting stage; I sa Indicates the antimony content of sulfuric acid; η fgs+esd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the flue gas scrubbing equipment in the smelting stage; η sa Indicates the antimony removal rate of the acid-making equipment; I Sfgd Indicates the antimony content of desulfurization by-products; η fgd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the desulfurization equipment.

[0026] Further, the leaching / converting stage model is expressed as follows:

[0027] Q e =Q com (1-ξ ss -γ s ) (7)

[0028] Q e =Q com *ξ ss (8)

[0029] I es =Q e*ξ es (9)

[0030] GEe=Q e *ξ e (1-η e ) (10)

[0031] I ex =θ x *Q e (11)

[0032] Σθ x =1 (12)

[0033] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; Q e represents the antimony input in the copper or lead smelting stage, Q in formula (7) e represents the antimony input in the copper smelting stage, Q in formula (8) e represents the antimony input in the lead blowing stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γ s Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; I es Indicates the antimony content in blowing slag; ξ es represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the blowing stage; GEe represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the blowing stage; ξ e represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; η e It represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the blowing stage; I ex Indicates the antimony content of the final products in the zinc smelting leaching + refining stage; θ x Indicates the distribution rate of different products of zinc smelting.

[0034] Furthermore, the refinement stage model is expressed as follows:

[0035] Q r =Q com (1-ξ ss -γ s )*(1-ξ es -ξ e ) (13)

[0036] Q r =Q com *(1-ξ ss -γ s )+Q com *ξ ss (1-ξ es -ξ e ) (14)

[0037] FI r =Q r*(1-γ r -ξ r ) (15)

[0038] GEr=Q r *γ r *(1-η r ) (16)

[0039] OD r =Q r *(ξ r +γ r *η r ) (17)

[0040] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead concentrate smelting; Q r represents the antimony input in the copper or lead refining stage, Q in formula (13) r represents the antimony input in the copper refining stage, Q in formula (14) r represents the antimony input in the lead refining stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; ξ e Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; FI r Indicates the antimony content of refined products; γ r represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the refining stage; ξ r represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the refining stage; GEr represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the refining stage; η r Indicates the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control device types in the refining stage; OD r Indicates the antimony content of refining by-products.

[0041] Furthermore, the parameter estimation process specifically includes:

[0042] Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the data sets of key parameters in the probability mass flow model are obtained;

[0043] For each key parameter, the probability is obtained as follows:

[0044] Randomly sample with replacement B times from a data set of key parameters, and the number of samples in each sampling is n;

[0045] Calculate the average of each sampling result;

[0046] A sampling distribution of the key parameter is formed according to the B average values ​​of the key parameter.

[0047] In a second aspect, a system for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting is provided, comprising:

[0048] Data collection module, used to obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years;

[0049] Model building module for building probabilistic mass flow models for the concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in copper / lead / zinc smelting processes;

[0050] The parameter estimation module is used to obtain the estimated values ​​of key parameters in the probability mass flow model using bootstrap random sampling simulation based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years;

[0051] The emission determination module is used to substitute the estimated values ​​of key parameters into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

[0052] In a third aspect, an electronic terminal is provided, comprising:

[0053] a memory having a computer program stored thereon;

[0054] A processor is used to load and execute the computer program to implement the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described above.

[0055] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described above is implemented.

[0056] The present invention proposes a method, system, terminal and medium for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting, which has the following advantages:

[0057] (1) The estimated distribution of key parameters in the probability mass flow model is obtained by random sampling simulation using the bootstrap method, removing the prior assumptions about the probability distribution form of the parameters, reducing the uncertainty of the calculation results, and making the calculation results more accurate;

[0058] (2) Replace the deterministic mass flow model with a probabilistic mass flow model to enhance the model's applicability and enable quantitative analysis of the impact of key parameters on the results;

[0059] (3) The mass flow model is used to replace the traditional emission factor method, and the estimation of heavy metal emissions from non-ferrous metal smelting is expanded to all stages of the entire process, making the flow and enrichment routes of the target heavy metals clearer and more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a simplified schematic diagram of the copper / lead / zinc smelting process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 It is a probability distribution diagram of the input antimony amount of copper concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 is a probability distribution diagram of the amount of antimony input for lead smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 It is a probability distribution diagram of the input antimony amount of copper concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 is the estimated value of the antimony input for copper, lead and zinc concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020 provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 It is the distribution ratio of the smoke, slag phase and products of antimony in the smelting, blowing and refining stages of copper smelting, lead smelting and zinc smelting processes provided by the embodiments of the present invention; wherein (a) is the distribution ratio of the smoke, slag phase and products of antimony in the smelting, blowing and refining stages of copper smelting process, (b) is the distribution ratio of the smoke, slag phase and products of antimony in the smelting, blowing and refining stages of lead smelting process, (c) is the distribution ratio of the smoke, slag phase and products of antimony in the smelting, blowing and refining stages of zinc smelting process;

[0068] Figure 8 The final flow and proportion of antimony in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process provided by the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) (b) are the final flow and proportion of antimony in the copper smelting process; (c) (d) are the final flow and proportion of antimony in the lead smelting process; (e) (f) are the final flow and proportion of antimony in the zinc smelting process;

[0069] Fig. 9 The embodiment of the present invention provides the circulation of antimony in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process from 2000 to 2020;

[0070] Fig.10 The emission of antimony in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process from 2000 to 2020 provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.11 This is the production and discharge of antimony in APCD during the copper, lead and zinc smelting process from 2000 to 2020 provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Fig.12 This is a sensitivity analysis of antimony emission factors in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) copper smelting (b) lead smelting (c) zinc smelting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] After investigation, the full-process emission of antimony is estimated by taking the most widely used copper / lead / zinc smelting process as an example. The copper smelting process is flash copper smelting and oxygen-enriched molten pool copper smelting; the lead smelting process is molten pool lead smelting and SKS lead smelting process; the zinc smelting process is roasting-leaching smelting process. In short, if Figure 2 As shown, the copper / lead / zinc smelting process generally includes four stages: drying, roasting / smelting, leaching / blowing and refining.

[0075] During the smelting process, atmospheric pollution control devices (APCD) are mainly used to control the emission of gaseous pollutants. The drying stage mainly produces particulate matter, and dust collectors are generally installed for dust removal. Since only a small amount of antimony is volatilized at this stage, and the dust removal smoke enters the smelting stage as raw material, it is believed that the drying stage will not cause antimony loss; in the roasting / smelting stage, most smelters use dust removal + purification + acid production to control particulate matter in the smoke. Dust removal (DC) equipment generally includes waste heat boilers (WHB) and electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and purification equipment generally includes flue gas scrubbers (FGS) and electrostatic mist eliminators (ESD) equipment; the APCD equipment in the copper blowing stage is the same as that in the smelting stage, and the APCD combination in the refining stage is bag dust removal + flue gas scrubber (FF+FGS), bag dust removal (FF) is used in the lead blowing stage, and flue gas scrubbers and bag dust removal (FGS+FF) are used in the refining stage for pollution control. Zinc smelting is a roasting-leaching hydrometallurgical method. After the zinc concentrate is roasted, zinc roasted sand is obtained. The zinc roasted sand is leached, and the leaching liquid is purified and then electrolytically precipitated to obtain cathode zinc. Since the subsequent stages are all wet processes, no APCD equipment is installed. The technical solution of the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1. Data collection: Obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years.

[0078] In this embodiment, the copper, lead and zinc smelting data obtained over the years specifically include:

[0079] (1) Domestic copper / lead / zinc concentrate production and import and export volumes from 2000 to 2020;

[0080] (2) Antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrates;

[0081] (3) The distribution coefficient (percentage) of antimony in flue gas and waste slag during roasting / smelting, leaching / blowing and refining stages of copper / lead / zinc smelting;

[0082] (4) Types and percentages of air pollution control devices installed at each stage of copper / lead / zinc smelting over the years;

[0083] (5) Antimony removal rate of air pollution control devices.

[0084] S2. Model construction: Construct a probabilistic mass flow model including concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

[0085] The following formula is used to describe the estimated input and distribution of antimony at each stage of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting:

[0086] The concentrate input stage model is expressed as follows:

[0087] Q com =C com *M com (1)

[0088] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; C com Indicates the antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrate; M com Represents the input of copper / lead / zinc concentrates over the years. The antimony content input from copper, lead and zinc concentrate smelting in China from 2000 to 2020 is obtained by formula (1).

[0089] The roasting / melting stage model is expressed as follows:

[0090] I ss =Q com *ξ ss (2)

[0091] GEs=Q com *γ s *Σθ m (1-η m ) (3)

[0092] I wa =Q com *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*η fgs+esd (4)

[0093] I sa =Q s *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*(1-η fgs+esd )*η sa (5)

[0094] I Sfgd =Q s *γ s *Σθ m (1-η dc )*(1-η fgs+esd )*(1-η sa )*η fgd (6)

[0095] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; I ss Indicates the antimony content of copper smelting slag / lead high-lead slag / zinc roasted sand; ξ ssrepresents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; GEs represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; θ m represents the combined utilization rate of air pollution control devices during the smelting stage, η m represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the smelting stage, and the subscript m represents different combinations of air pollution control devices; I wa Indicates the antimony content of the waste acid in the smelting stage; η dc Indicates the antimony removal rate of the electrostatic precipitator + waste heat boiler equipment in the smelting stage; I sa Indicates the antimony content of sulfuric acid; η fgs+esd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the flue gas scrubbing equipment in the smelting stage; η sa Indicates the antimony removal rate of the acid-making equipment; I Sfgd Indicates the antimony content of desulfurization by-products; η fgd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the desulfurization equipment.

[0096] The leaching / converting stage model is shown below:

[0097] Q e =Q com (1-ξ ss -γ s ) (7)

[0098] Q e =Q com *ξ ss (8)

[0099] I es =Q e *ξ es (9)

[0100] GEe=Q e *ξ e (1-η e ) (10)

[0101] I ex =θ x *Q e (11)

[0102] Σθ x =1 (12)

[0103] In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; Q e represents the antimony input in the copper or lead smelting stage, Q in formula (7) e represents the antimony input in the copper smelting stage, Q in formula (8) e represents the antimony input in the lead smelting stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γs Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; I es Indicates the antimony content in blowing slag; ξ es represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the blowing stage; GEe represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the blowing stage; ξ e represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; η e It represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the blowing stage; I ex Indicates the antimony content of the final products in the zinc smelting leaching + refining stage; θ x Indicates the distribution rate of different products of zinc smelting.

[0104] The copper matte produced by copper smelting and the high-lead slag produced by lead smelting enter the blowing stage, while the roasted sand produced by zinc smelting enters the leaching stage. Here, the final flow of antimony is estimated by the distribution rate of antimony in the final products produced by leaching and electrolytic refining of zinc (Formula (11)-Formula (12)), and the sum of the distribution coefficients of each product is 1.

[0105] The refinement stage model is expressed as follows:

[0106] Q r =Q com (1-ξ ss -γ s )*(1-ξ es -ξ e ) (13)

[0107] Q r =Q com *(1-ξ ss -γ s )+Q com *ξ ss (1-ξ es -ξ e ) (14)

[0108] FI r =Q r *(1-γ r -ξ r ) (15)

[0109] GEr=Q r *γ r *(1-η r ) (16)

[0110] OD r =Q r *(ξ r +γ r *η r ) (17)

[0111] In the formula, Q rrepresents the antimony input in the copper or lead refining stage, Q in formula (13) r represents the antimony input in the copper refining stage, Q in formula (14) r represents the antimony input in the lead refining stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; ξ e Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; FI r Indicates the antimony content of refined products; γ r represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the refining stage; ξ r represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the refining stage; GEr represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the refining stage; η r Indicates the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control device types in the refining stage; OD r Indicates the antimony content of refining by-products.

[0112] The above formulas together constitute the probability mass flow model of antimony in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process; the parameters for bootstrap simulation are copper smelting: C com \ξ ss \γ s \η dc \η wfgd \ξ es \ξ e \η e , Lead smelting: C com \η dc \η wfgd \η e , Zinc smelting: C com \η dc \η wfgd .

[0113] S3. Parameter estimation: Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the bootstrap random sampling simulation is used to obtain the estimated distribution of key parameters in the probability mass flow model.

[0114] Furthermore, the parameter estimation process specifically includes:

[0115] Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the data sets of key parameters in the probability mass flow model are obtained;

[0116] For each key parameter, the probability is obtained as follows:

[0117] Randomly sample with replacement B times from a data set of key parameters, and the number of samples in each sampling is n;

[0118] Calculate the average of each sampling result;

[0119] A sampling distribution of the key parameter is formed according to the B average values ​​of the key parameter.

[0120] S4. Emission determination: Substitute the estimated distribution of key parameters into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions during the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

[0121] The present invention proposes a method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting, which has the following advantages:

[0122] (1) The estimated distribution of key parameters in the probability mass flow model is obtained by random sampling simulation using the bootstrap method, removing the prior assumptions about the probability distribution form of the parameters, reducing the uncertainty of the calculation results, and making the calculation results more accurate;

[0123] (2) Replace the deterministic mass flow model with a probabilistic mass flow model to enhance the model's applicability and enable quantitative analysis of the impact of key parameters on the results;

[0124] (3) The mass flow model is used to replace the traditional emission factor method, and the estimation of heavy metal emissions from non-ferrous metal smelting is expanded to all stages of the entire process, making the flow and enrichment routes of the target heavy metals clearer and more accurate.

[0125] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for determining antimony emissions in copper / lead / zinc smelting, comprising:

[0126] Data collection module, used to obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years;

[0127] Model building module for building probabilistic mass flow models for the concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in copper / lead / zinc smelting processes;

[0128] The parameter estimation module is used to obtain the estimated values ​​of key parameters in the probability mass flow model using bootstrap random sampling simulation based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years;

[0129] The emission determination module is used to substitute the estimated values ​​of key parameters into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

[0130] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic terminal, including:

[0131] a memory having a computer program stored thereon;

[0132] A processor is used to load and execute the computer program to implement the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described above.

[0133] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described above is implemented.

[0134] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to a specific example.

[0135] Figure 3 The figure shows the probability distribution of antimony input into copper concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020; Figure 4 The probability distribution diagram of the amount of antimony input into lead smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020 is shown; Figure 5 Shown is the probability distribution of antimony input into copper concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020. Figure 6 Shown are the estimated values ​​of antimony input into copper, lead and zinc concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020.

[0136] Figure 3-Figure 5 It is the result of the simulated distribution obtained according to formula (1), showing the amount of antimony input into copper, lead and zinc concentrate smelting in my country from 2000 to 2020. For the probability distribution results obtained by simulation, P50 is taken as the best estimate value for result analysis, such as Figure 6 As shown, from 2000 to 2020, the overall trend of antimony input for copper, lead and zinc smelting in my country was first increasing and then leveling off. This is because my country's economic construction developed rapidly from 2000 to 2015, and the amount of copper, lead and zinc smelting ore increased rapidly, resulting in a simultaneous increase in the amount of antimony input year by year, reaching a peak in 2015. Later, due to the increased attention paid to environmental protection and a decrease in primary smelting ore, the amount of antimony input for smelting showed a gentle downward trend.

[0137] Figure 7 (a) shows that in the smelting stage of copper smelting, antimony mainly flows to copper matte (78.4%), followed by smelting slag (12.3%), and finally to smoke (4.3%); copper matte is the main raw material in the blowing stage, at which time antimony mainly flows to blister copper (49.2%) and blowing slag (39.4%); blister copper is the main raw material in the refining stage, at which time the refined slag is the main enrichment product of antimony (74.1%). The above data show that antimony is enriched in the slag produced in each stage of the copper smelting process on the one hand, and in the intermediate products on the other hand, and then enters the next stage. The relevant smelting parameters show that the antimony content in the raw materials has a great influence on the production of refined copper in the copper smelting process. Therefore, controlling the antimony content of the intermediate products is crucial to improving production efficiency. At the same time Figure 8 (a) (b) shows the final destination of antimony in copper smelting. The data show that antimony production and emissions showed a clear upward trend from 2000 to 2020. Its final destinations include atmospheric emissions, sulfuric acid, waste acid, desulfurization by-products, waste slag, and dust removal fumes as recycled materials that continue to participate in the entire smelting process. Figure 8(b) shows that the antimony content of the waste slag finally produced by copper smelting accounts for 93.7% of the total output and 4.6% of the recycled materials.

[0138] Figure 7 (b) shows that in the lead smelting stage, antimony is mainly concentrated in high-lead slag (76.3%) and primary crude lead (5.5%). Unlike copper smelting, high-lead slag is used as raw material in the blowing stage, and primary crude lead is used as part of the raw material in the refining stage; in the blowing stage, antimony is mainly concentrated in secondary crude lead (87.3%), which enters the next stage as part of the refining raw material, followed by flowing into the blowing slag, accounting for 5.9%; the raw materials in the refining stage are primary crude lead and secondary crude lead, and antimony almost all flows into the refining slag. Combined with Figure 8 Figures (c) and (d) show that the antimony content of the waste slag produced in lead smelting accounts for 84.7% of the total output, and the second largest amount of antimony is 10.9% which flows into the recycling material to participate in the smelting process.

[0139] Combination Figure 7 (c) and Figure 8 It can be seen from (e) and (f) that during the zinc smelting process, 35% of the antimony enters the leaching stage with the roasted sand, and 65% volatilizes with the smoke and is discharged after APCD treatment. The antimony in the final waste slag accounts for 34.6% of the total output, and 44.4% of the antimony continues to participate in the zinc smelting process with the recycled materials. The reason why the antimony content in the recycled materials of zinc smelting is significantly higher than that of copper smelting and lead smelting is that the antimony concentration in the zinc smelting concentrate is much higher than that of copper concentrate and lead concentrate. Therefore, the smoke intercepted by the dust removal equipment contains a higher antimony content, and these smoke dusts enter the smelting process again as recycled materials.

[0140] As a toxic metal and an important resource, antimony pollution control and green recycling deserve attention. According to the above analysis, during the copper, lead and zinc smelting process, a considerable amount of antimony flows into the waste slag produced during the smelting process. These waste slags are usually sent to other smelting and processing plants for secondary resource recovery, but relevant information usually does not emphasize the recovery of antimony resources; on the other hand, Fig. 9 It shows the circulation amount of antimony in the copper, lead and zinc smelting process from 2000 to 2020. The antimony content in the circulating materials is also considerable. The circulation of antimony-containing materials will increase the antimony content in the raw materials, thereby affecting the overall metallurgical efficiency, which needs to be controlled. Fig.10 shows the environmental release of antimony, combined with Fig.11 With the continuous iteration of APCD types, the antimony removal efficiency has increased significantly, and the antimony in atmospheric emissions has dropped significantly. It is more concentrated in the by-product polluted acid produced by flue gas scrubbing and demisters, and a small amount exists in the desulfurization by-products.

[0141] Fig.12The sensitivity analysis of the simulation parameters in the model to the antimony emissions is shown. In the copper, lead and zinc smelting stage, the antimony concentration of the concentrate has the greatest positive effect on the antimony content in each product, so controlling the inflow of raw antimony is crucial to the entire smelting process. In addition, the electrostatic precipitator has a major negative effect on the emission of antimony in the waste acid, indicating that the efficiency improvement of the front-end dust removal equipment in the APCD combination can greatly reduce the production and discharge of the waste acid at the back end, reduce the processing cost, and make it easier to recover resources.

[0142] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0143] It should be understood that the functional unit modules in various embodiments of the present invention may be concentrated in one processing unit, or each unit module may exist physically separately, or two or more unit modules may be integrated in one unit module, and may be implemented in the form of hardware or software.

[0144] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0145] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0146] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0147] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0148] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting, characterized in that: The steps include: Data collection: Obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years; Model construction: Construct a probability mass flow model for the concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process; Parameter estimation: Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the estimated distribution of key parameters in the probability mass flow model is obtained using bootstrap random sampling simulation; Emission determination: The estimated distribution of key parameters is substituted into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions during the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

2. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data collection step, the copper, lead and zinc smelting data obtained over the years specifically include: Domestic copper / lead / zinc concentrate production and import and export volumes over the years; Antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrates; The distribution coefficient of antimony in flue gas and waste residue during roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages of copper / lead / zinc smelting; Types and percentages of air pollution control devices installed at each stage of copper / lead / zinc smelting over the years; Antimony removal rate of air pollution control devices.

3. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentrate input stage model is expressed as follows: Q com =C com *M com (1) In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; C com Indicates the antimony concentration in copper / lead / zinc concentrate; M com Indicates the input of copper / lead / zinc concentrates over the years.

4. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roasting / melting stage model is expressed as follows: I ss =Q com *x ss (2) GEs=Q com *c s *Sth m (1st) m ) (3) I wa =Q com *c s *Sth m (1st) dc )*or fgs+esd (4) I sa =Q s *c s *Sth m (1st) dc )*(1-th fgs+esd )*or sa (5) I Sfgd =Q s *c s *Sth m (1st) dc )*(1-th fgs+esd )*(1-th sa )*or fgd (6) In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; I ss Indicates the antimony content of copper smelting slag / lead high-lead slag / zinc roasted sand; ξ ss represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; GEs represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; θ m Indicates the combined utilization rate of air pollution control devices during the smelting stage; η m It represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the smelting stage; I wa Indicates the antimony content of the waste acid in the smelting stage; η dc Indicates the antimony removal rate of the electrostatic precipitator + waste heat boiler equipment in the smelting stage; I sa Indicates the antimony content of sulfuric acid; η fgs+esd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the flue gas scrubbing equipment in the smelting stage; η sa Indicates the antimony removal rate of the acid-making equipment; I Sfgd Indicates the antimony content of desulfurization by-products; η fgd Indicates the antimony removal rate of the desulfurization equipment.

5. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leaching / converting stage model is shown below: Q e =Q com (1-x) ss -c s ) (7) Q e =Q com *ξ ss (8) I es =Q e *x es (9) GEe=Q e *x e (1st) e ) (10) I ex =θ x *Q e (11) Σθx=1 (12) In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead / zinc concentrate smelting; Q e represents the antimony input in the copper or lead smelting stage, Q in formula (7) e represents the antimony input in the copper smelting stage, Q in formula (8) e represents the antimony input in the lead blowing stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γ s Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; I es Indicates the antimony content in blowing slag; ξ es represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the blowing stage; GEe represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the blowing stage; ξ e represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; η e It represents the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control devices in the blowing stage; I ex Indicates the antimony content of the final products in the zinc smelting leaching + refining stage; θ x Indicates the distribution rate of different products of zinc smelting.

6. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refinement stage model is expressed as follows: Q r =Q com (1-x) ss -c s )*(1-ξ es -x e ) (13) Q r =Q com *(1-x) ss -c s )+Q com *x ss (1-x) es -x e ) (14) FI r =Q r *(1-c r -x r ) (15) GEr=Q r *c r *(1-th r ) (16) OD r =Q r *(x r +g r *or r ) (17) In the formula, Q com Indicates the antimony input of copper / lead concentrate smelting; Q r represents the antimony input in the copper or lead refining stage, Q in formula (13) r represents the antimony input in the copper refining stage, Q in formula (14) r represents the antimony input in the lead refining stage; ξ ss Indicates the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the smelting stage; γ s represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the smelting stage; ξ e Indicates the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the blowing stage; FI r Indicates the antimony content of refined products; γ r represents the antimony gas phase distribution rate in the refining stage; ξ r represents the antimony slag phase distribution ratio in the refining stage; GEr represents the atmospheric antimony emission in the refining stage; η r Indicates the antimony removal rate of the combination of air pollution control device types in the refining stage; OD r Indicates the antimony content of refining by-products.

7. The method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameter estimation process specifically includes: Based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years, the data sets of key parameters in the probability mass flow model are obtained; For each key parameter, the probability is obtained as follows: Randomly sample with replacement B times from a data set of key parameters, and the number of samples in each sampling is n; Calculate the average of each sampling result; An estimated distribution of the key parameter is formed based on the B average values ​​of the key parameter.

8. A system for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting, characterized in that: include: Data collection module, used to obtain copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years; Model building module for building probabilistic mass flow models for the concentrate input, roasting / smelting, leaching / converting and refining stages in copper / lead / zinc smelting processes; The parameter estimation module is used to obtain the estimated values ​​of key parameters in the probability mass flow model using bootstrap random sampling simulation based on the collected copper / lead / zinc smelting data over the years; The emission determination module is used to substitute the estimated values ​​of key parameters into the probability mass flow model to obtain the distribution of antimony emissions in the copper / lead / zinc smelting process.

9. An electronic terminal, characterized in that: include: a memory having a computer program stored thereon; A processor, used to load and execute the computer program to implement the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for determining antimony emissions from copper / lead / zinc smelting as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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