Yellow estuary culture landscape planning method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition

Abstract

The invention relates to a Yellow River delta cultural landscape planning decision-making method based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition. The method comprises the following steps: S1) delimiting a planning range of a Yellow River delta cultural landscape; s2) determining an evaluation scale of the planning range and delimiting an evaluation range of the evaluation scale; s3) drawing a natural landscape feature map under the regional scale; s4) drawing a cultural landscape feature map under a city scale; s5) superposing administrative divisions in the cultural landscape feature map to obtain a Yellow River estuary national park cultural landscape feature region map; according to the method, the problems that landscape planning cannot be carried out from multiple scales and relevance among different scales cannot be ignored in existing landscape feature evaluation are solved, subjectivity and unreliable basis are avoided, reliable data support can be provided for planning decision making, and the method has high editability, flexibility and expandability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of landscape planning, and specifically to a decision-making method for the cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature identification. Background Art

[0002] Cultural landscapes are landscapes that present a close relationship between human intervention and natural processes. They contain humanistic spirit, historical wisdom, and regional characteristics. However, in the context of rapid urbanization, the structure and characteristics of cultural landscapes are disappearing at an accelerated rate. Landscape Characteristic Assessment (LCA) is a tool for understanding and expressing landscape characteristics. Through LCA, a region can have a sense of place and be different from adjacent regions, thus providing a new perspective for landscape planning decisions.

[0003] In existing technologies, it is difficult to achieve multi-scale landscape feature assessment, and the correlation between different scales is often ignored, making the planning scheme lack comprehensiveness and scientificity. Moreover, cultural landscape planning requires a large amount of data support and scientific decision-making, but existing decision support tools lack comprehensive analysis and utilization of multi-scale landscape features, and cannot provide planners with comprehensive and accurate decision support. Summary of the invention

[0004] This application provides a method for cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature identification, which solves the problem that existing landscape feature assessment cannot be used for landscape planning from multiple scales and ignores the correlation between different scales.

[0005] A decision-making method for the Yellow River Delta cultural landscape planning based on multi-scale landscape feature recognition includes the following steps: S1) Delineate the planning scope of the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape; S2) determining the assessment scale of the planning scope and defining the assessment scope of the assessment scale; The evaluation scales include regional scale, city scale and site scale in descending order of evaluation scope; S3) Mapping regional scale landscape characteristics and types at the regional scale; Step S3) also includes: S31) Identifying landscape characteristics within the regional scale assessment scope; the landscape characteristics include topography, soil type, land use type, terrain relief, vegetation type, hydrological level, and geological age; S32) Determine the data source, classify the landscape features, and encode them; S33) Importing the encoded landscape characteristic elements into ArcGIS, constructing a landscape characteristic element database, and performing overlay analysis to obtain a regional scale landscape characteristic sketch; S34) revising the regional scale landscape feature sketch based on field investigation and manual visual interpretation to obtain a regional scale landscape feature type map, and performing primary classification and secondary classification according to landscape feature elements, wherein the regional scale landscape feature type map includes a plurality of primary landscape feature areas and a plurality of secondary landscape feature types; S4) Mapping cultural landscape characteristics at the city level; Step S4) includes: S41) Overlay and display the regional scale landscape feature types and the city scale boundaries to obtain the basic natural landscape feature units at the city scale; S42) Obtain the characteristic elements of cultural landscape within the assessment scope of the city through field investigation and literature research; S43) Based on the characteristic elements of the cultural landscape at the city scale, the cultural landscape was further classified. Using the Landsat-8OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, the visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods in the ENVI5.3 software were used to further interpret the cultural landscape land use within the city scale research scope, and a city scale cultural landscape distribution map was obtained; S44) superimposing the city-scale cultural landscape distribution map on the natural landscape characteristic units based on the city-scale to obtain a cultural landscape characteristic map; S5) superimposing administrative divisions on the cultural landscape feature map to obtain a Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map, wherein the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map includes a plurality of Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature areas; S6) The site scale includes a meso-map sheet of 10km×10km and a micro-map sheet of 2km×2km; the characteristic area of ​​the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape is taken as the macro-map sheet, a number of meso-map sheets are delineated in the macro-map sheet, and a number of micro-map sheets are delineated in each meso-map sheet; the macro-map sheet is used to locate the characteristic type of the first-level cultural landscape, the meso-map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape type, and the micro-map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

[0006] Further, in step S2), the scale of the regional scale assessment range is 1:250000; The scale of the assessment scope at the municipal level is 1:50,000 or 1:25,000; The scale of the site-scale assessment range is 1:10,000.

[0007] Further, in step S31), the topography is divided according to elevation and slope, specifically including flat land flat slope, flat land gentle slope, flat land slope, flat land steep slope, hilly flat slope, hilly gentle slope, hilly slope, hilly steep slope, low mountain flat slope, low mountain gentle slope, low mountain slope and low mountain steep slope; Soil types include: eluvial soils, semi-eluvial soils, primitropic soils, semi-hydroplastic soils, saline-alkali soils, anthropogenic soils, ferro-alumina soils, rivers, lakes and reservoirs; The degree of terrain relief includes: plains, terraces, hills and small undulating mountains; Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and mining residential land, unused land and ocean; Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub-grass, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land, and non-vegetated land; The hydrological levels include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system and coastal wetlands; The ages of the sites include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbeds, floodplains and water bodies.

[0008] Furthermore, in the regional scale landscape feature type map of step S34), the first-level landscape feature types include urban industrial landscape, rural settlement landscape, river water landscape, pastoral agricultural and forestry landscape, and low mountain forest landscape.

[0009] Further, in step S42), the cultural landscape elements include fisheries, terraced fields, salt fields and oil fields; the first-level cultural landscape feature types include coastal standardized fishery fields, coastal standardized salt field areas, estuary fishery fields, estuary riverside tidal flats, estuary coastal oil field ruins areas, estuary riverside agricultural areas, riverside fishery fields, riverside farming and fishing areas, riverside traditional agricultural areas, coastal oil field ruins areas, urban oil field ruins areas, riverside oil field ruins areas, urban traditional farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas.

[0010] Furthermore, the characteristic areas of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, estuary wetland areas, Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, oilfield ruins areas, and urban plain agricultural areas; the coastal standardized fishery areas and coastal standardized salt pan areas are classified as coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, the estuary fishery areas, estuary riverside tidal flat areas, estuary coastal oilfield ruins areas, and estuary riverside agricultural areas are classified as estuary wetland areas, the riverside fishery areas, riverside farming and fishing areas, and riverside traditional agricultural areas are classified as Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, the coastal oilfield ruins areas, urban oilfield ruins areas, and riverside oilfield ruins areas are classified as oilfield ruins areas, and the traditional urban farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas are classified as urban plain agricultural areas.

[0011] Furthermore, step S4) further includes: S44) Using remote sensing images as data sources, the cultural landscape feature map is further interpreted using software visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods. The interpreted images are input into ArcGIS, and the image spots are corrected using human-computer interactive interpretation.

[0012] Furthermore, the cultural elements in step S6) include buildings, structures, and transportation networks; Natural elements include: vegetation cover and river wetlands.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this application are: 1. This application can objectively analyze landscape characteristics. This application is driven by scientific and objective data to make planning decisions, avoiding subjectivity and unreliable basis, and reducing human errors in the planning process.

[0014] 2. This application is based on objective ArcGIS image recognition and analysis coding algorithms, which can identify various features in cultural landscapes with high precision, thereby providing reliable data support for planning decisions.

[0015] 3. This application identifies landscape features from multiple assessment scales, encodes the identified landscapes and visualizes them. Multiple assessment scales facilitate more comprehensive planning decisions, integrate multi-source data, and provide decision makers with comprehensive information to support comprehensive cultural landscape planning.

[0016] 4. This application is highly editable. When relevant data changes, the corresponding drawings can be adjusted and the new data can be re-encoded to obtain landscape feature data again, which is convenient for regular data updates and can adapt to changes in cultural landscapes.

[0017] 5. This application is flexible and scalable. It is applicable to the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape or other cultural landscapes of different scales. This application gradually expands from the site scale to the regional scale, which can help decision makers better understand and predict the impact of cultural landscapes, highlight the important elements in cultural landscapes, and thus formulate more strategic planning schemes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Further interpret the map of cultural landscape features for this application; Figure 2 It is a flowchart of cross-scale mapping of cultural landscapes in an embodiment; Figure 3 This is a cross-scale mapping atlas of alluvial estuarine wetland areas for implementation examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Example: This application takes the Yellow River Estuary National Park as an example to provide a Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape planning method based on multiple assessment scales. The planning specifically includes the following steps: S1) Define the planning scope of the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape.

[0020] The Yellow River Estuary National Park is located at the mouth of the Yellow River Delta, bordering the Bohai Sea to the north and Laizhou Bay to the east. It involves three counties (districts) in Dongying City, Shandong Province, namely Kenli District, Hekou District and Lijin County, and 10 towns (streets) including Diaokou Township, Xianhe Town, Huanghekou Town, Gudao Town, Yong'an Town, Xinhu Town, Tingluo Town, Chenzhuang Town, Hekou Street and Liuhe Street. The geographical coordinates are 118°13′55.28″-119°30′57.00″ east longitude and 37°25′02.67″-38°17′53.47″ north latitude.

[0021] S2) Determine the evaluation scale of the planning scope and define the evaluation scope of the evaluation scale.

[0022] The evaluation scale includes regional scale, municipal scale and site scale in order from large to small according to the evaluation scope. The regional scale can provide a planning background for the municipal scale. In this application, the Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological and Economic Zone is used as the evaluation scope of the regional scale on a 1:250,000 map. The Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological and Economic Zone includes 19 counties (cities and districts) in 6 districts and cities, with a total area of ​​26,500 square kilometers. The delineation of the evaluation scope of the municipal scale mainly considers resource protection, nature education and recreation projects. In this embodiment, the evaluation scope of the municipal scale includes the Yellow River Estuary National Park and its surrounding coastal areas, and the coastal areas cover the Hekou District, Kenli District, Dongying District and Guangrao County. The site scale is a map of a specific size selected under the municipal scale. The site scale mainly displays the structure and function of the cultural landscape and its changes, making the region typical.

[0023] S3) Mapping natural landscape features at a regional scale; Step S3) also includes: S31) Identifying natural landscape elements within the regional scale assessment scope; the natural landscape elements include topography, soil type, land use type, terrain relief, vegetation type, hydrological grade, and geological age.

[0024] Topography is divided according to elevation and slope, including flat slope, flat gentle slope, flat slope, flat steep slope, hilly flat slope, hilly gentle slope, hilly slope, hilly steep slope, low mountain flat slope, low mountain gentle slope, low mountain slope and low mountain steep slope.

[0025] Soil types include: eluvial soils, semi-eluvial soils, primitropic soils, semi-hydroplastic soils, saline-alkali soils, anthropogenic soils, ferro-alumina soils, rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

[0026] The terrain undulations include: plains, plateaus, hills and small undulating mountains.

[0027] Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and mining residential land, unused land and ocean.

[0028] Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub-grass, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land, and non-vegetated land.

[0029] The hydrological levels include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system and coastal wetlands.

[0030] The ages of the sites include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbeds, floodplains and water bodies.

[0031] S32) Encode the identified natural landscape elements.

[0032] S33) Import the coded natural landscape elements into ArcGIS for overlay analysis to obtain a regional scale landscape feature sketch. The regional scale landscape feature sketch already has the characteristics of the secondary landscape feature type, but has not been revised.

[0033] S34) revising the regional scale landscape feature sketch based on field investigation and manual visual interpretation to obtain a regional scale landscape feature type map, and performing primary classification and secondary classification according to landscape feature elements, wherein the regional scale landscape feature type map includes a plurality of primary landscape feature areas and a plurality of secondary landscape feature types; During the field survey, the area to be surveyed is divided into several 5km×5km grid units at the regional scale, and then superimposed with the regional scale landscape feature sketch, so that each grid unit has 1-2 survey points. Survey points are added or removed according to the size of the area or the significance of the landscape. In this embodiment, 176 survey points are finally determined.

[0034] During manual visual interpretation, the impact of the study area in 2023 on the Shandong Provincial Geographic Information Public Service Platform is selected for direct interpretation, and then revised using the remote sensing image-assisted landscape feature sketch.

[0035] Selecting natural landscape elements and superimposing them to form secondary landscape feature types, and displaying the area covered by the secondary landscape feature types in the regional scale landscape feature map; In this embodiment, topography, soil type, and land use type are selected for superposition, and the land use type is further extended to form a secondary land use type. For example, the code AaSh46 is used: A represents elevation, a represents slope, Sh represents soil type, 4 represents primary land use type, and 6 represents secondary land use type. This embodiment forms a total of 44 different indicators, as shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Area and proportion of landscape characteristics at regional scale After encoding, the data were imported into ArcGIS software, and the projected raster tool was used to unify the spatial resolution so that the pixel size was unified to 30m×30m for overlay analysis.

[0037] The secondary landscape feature types are classified to obtain a number of primary landscape feature types; the areas covered by the primary landscape feature types are displayed in the regional scale landscape feature map to obtain a natural landscape feature map.

[0038] As shown in Table 1, the first-level landscape characteristics include urban industrial landscape, rural settlement landscape, river water landscape, pastoral agricultural and forestry landscape, and low mountain forest landscape. Table 1 also shows the area proportion of each landscape.

[0039] S4) Mapping cultural landscape characteristics at the city level; Step S4) includes: S41) superimposing and displaying the secondary landscape feature types within the assessment scope of the city scale to obtain a city scale landscape feature map.

[0040] The assessment scope of the regional scale is larger than that of the urban scale. Therefore, the secondary landscape feature types can be superimposed on the assessment scope of the urban scale, which can ensure the continuity and integrity between the regional scale with natural landscape elements as the assessment object and the urban scale with cultural landscape elements as the assessment object.

[0041] S42) Obtain the industrial structure within the assessment scope at the city level through field surveys, and determine the cultural landscape elements based on the industrial structure.

[0042] From the analysis of the natural landscape elements of the Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Ecological and Economic Zone and the field survey, it can be seen that the Yellow River Estuary National Park is located in the Yellow River alluvial plain, with relatively flat topography; the soil types are mostly semi-hydrophytic soils and saline-alkali soils composed of salinized tidal soils and alkaline tidal soils; the vegetation coverage is mostly artificial vegetation mainly based on dry farmland and irrigated farmland; the land use type is mostly water areas, and most of them are coastal wetlands; the industrial structure is composed of oil extraction, aquaculture, agricultural planting and salt production. Therefore, the cultural landscape characteristic elements selected are fisheries, terraced fields, salt fields and oil fields.

[0043] The first-level cultural landscape characteristic types include coastal standardized fishing field areas, coastal standardized salt field areas, estuary fishing field areas, estuary riverside tidal flat areas, estuary coastal oil field ruins areas, estuary riverside agricultural areas, riverside fishing field areas, riverside farming and fishing areas, riverside traditional agricultural areas, coastal oil field ruins areas, urban oil field ruins areas, riverside oil field ruins areas, urban traditional farming and fishing terraced field areas, terraced field-rice field-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas.

[0044] S43) Based on the characteristic elements of cultural landscape at the city scale, the cultural landscape is further classified. Using Landsat-8OLI-TIRS remote sensing images as the data source, the visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods in ENVI5.3 software are used to further interpret the cultural landscape land within the city scale research scope, and the city scale cultural landscape distribution map is obtained.

[0045] S44) superimposing the city-scale cultural landscape distribution map on the natural landscape characteristic units based on the city-scale to obtain a cultural landscape characteristic map; After obtaining the cultural landscape feature map, step S44 can be performed to further interpret the cultural landscape feature map using remote sensing images as the data source, using software visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods, inputting the interpreted image into ArcGIS, and correcting the spots in the image using a human-computer interactive interpretation method.

[0046] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the purpose of step S44 is to further divide the characteristic elements of cultural landscape. Specifically, Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing images are used as data sources, and ENVI5.3 is used to pre-process remote sensing images, including atmospheric correction, radiation correction and geometric correction, to eliminate the influence of weather and other factors on the classification results, and remote sensing images of the three bands 432, 543 and 764 are synthesized. Interpretation marks are established based on Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing image data, center-resolution images and field surveys; then, classification samples are manually selected, sample quality is judged, and image landscapes are classified; finally, the processed data is imported into ArcGIS software, and the interpreted spots are further corrected by human-computer interactive interpretation to make the classification results more accurate, establish a complete topological relationship, and finally obtain the characteristic area map of the cultural landscape of the Yellow River Estuary National Park at the municipal scale. The bands are obtained according to the synthesis characteristics of different bands.

[0047] S5) superimposing administrative divisions on the cultural landscape feature map to obtain a Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Feature Area Map, wherein the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Feature Area Map includes a plurality of Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Feature areas.

[0048] The characteristic areas of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, estuary wetland areas, Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, oilfield ruins areas, and urban plain agricultural areas; the coastal standardized fishery areas and coastal standardized salt pan areas are classified as coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, the estuary fishery areas, estuary riverside tidal flat areas, estuary coastal oilfield ruins areas, and estuary riverside agricultural areas are classified as estuary wetland areas, the riverside fishery areas, riverside farming and fishing areas, and riverside traditional agricultural areas are classified as Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, the coastal oilfield ruins areas, urban oilfield ruins areas, and riverside oilfield ruins areas are classified as oilfield ruins areas, and the traditional urban farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas are classified as urban plain agricultural areas.

[0049] S6) The site scale includes a meso-map sheet of 10km×10km and a micro-map sheet of 2km×2km. The characteristic area of ​​the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape is taken as the macro-map sheet, and a number of meso-map sheets are delineated in the macro-map sheet, and a number of micro-map sheets are delineated in each meso-map sheet; the macro-map sheet is used to locate the characteristic type of the first-level cultural landscape, the meso-map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape type, and the micro-map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

[0050] In the five characteristic areas of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape, the macro-geographic pattern can be located through the macro-map, the landscape structure can be displayed through the meso-map, and the cultural elements or natural elements can be displayed through the micro-map. Through the change of scale, the maps at two site scales of 10km×10km and 2km×2km can be obtained to show the continuous relationship between the changes in scales. The cross-scale mapping process of the cultural landscape of the Yellow River Estuary National Park is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0051] In the geographical pattern, the natural landscape elements of the Yellow River Estuary National Park can be used to locate different types of cultural landscapes in the planning area. The five areas of coastal wetland fishing fields and salt fields, alluvial estuary wetlands, Yellow River plain agricultural areas, oil field sites and urban plain agricultural areas in the macro map have a restrictive effect on the distribution of cultural landscape characteristics in smaller scales.

[0052] In the meso-map, typical cultural landscape areas are selected for display in a 10km×10km map, which can deconstruct the landscape structure composed of natural landscapes, cultural landscapes, settlements and other elements.

[0053] In the micro map, areas with significant cultural landscapes are selected with a 2km×2m map, nodes are enlarged, and elements such as buildings, cultural landscapes, vegetation coverage, river wetlands, and transportation networks are selected. This can further demonstrate the morphological characteristics of the cultural landscape, and can be used to interpret the connection between individual cultural landscape elements and other elements, and provide guidance for subsequent planning.

[0054] Attached Figure 3 A cross-scale mapping atlas of alluvial estuarine wetland areas is shown. In the atlas, for the cross-scale mapping atlas of coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, this area has two cultural landscape characteristic types: coastal standardized fishery area and coastal standardized salt pan area. The water network system in the region is rich, and there are large tracts of fishery and salt pans distributed between the water networks, which are distributed in an alternating chessboard pattern and concentrated in coastal areas. It has the characteristics of scale and intensiveness, and is manifested as a mixed, regular geometric structure of fishery and salt. The landscape structural relationship among water bodies, fishery fields and salt pans is relatively stable, among which the salt pan landscape is relatively regular, with a regular modular distribution spatial pattern.

[0055] In this embodiment, the scale of the assessment scope at the regional scale is 1:250000; the scale of the assessment scope at the municipal scale is 1:25000; and the scale of the assessment scope at the site scale is 1:10000.

[0056] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A decision-making method for the cultural landscape planning of the Yellow River Delta based on multi-scale landscape feature identification, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1) Delineate the planning scope of the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape; S2) determining the assessment scale of the planning scope and defining the assessment scope of the assessment scale; The evaluation scales include regional scale, city scale and site scale in descending order of evaluation scope; S3) Mapping regional scale landscape characteristics and types at the regional scale; Step S3) also includes: S31) Identifying landscape characteristics within the regional scale assessment scope; the landscape characteristics include topography, soil type, land use type, terrain relief, vegetation type, hydrological level, and geological age; S32) Determine the data source, classify the landscape features, and encode them; S33) Importing the encoded landscape characteristic elements into ArcGIS, constructing a landscape characteristic element database, and performing overlay analysis to obtain a regional scale landscape characteristic sketch; S34) revising the regional scale landscape feature sketch based on field investigation and manual visual interpretation to obtain a regional scale landscape feature type map, and performing primary classification and secondary classification according to landscape feature elements, wherein the regional scale landscape feature type map includes a plurality of primary landscape feature areas and a plurality of secondary landscape feature types; S4) Mapping cultural landscape characteristics at the city level; Step S4) includes: S41) Overlay and display the regional scale landscape feature types and the city scale boundaries to obtain the basic natural landscape feature units at the city scale; S42) Obtain the characteristic elements of cultural landscape within the assessment scope of the city through field investigation and literature research; S43) Based on the characteristic elements of the cultural landscape at the city scale, the cultural landscape was further classified. Using the Landsat-8OLI-TIRS remote sensing image as the data source, the visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods in the ENVI5.3 software were used to further interpret the cultural landscape land use within the city scale research scope, and a city scale cultural landscape distribution map was obtained; S44) superimposing the city-scale cultural landscape distribution map on the natural landscape characteristic units based on the city-scale to obtain a cultural landscape characteristic map; S5) superimposing administrative divisions on the cultural landscape feature map to obtain a Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map, wherein the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature area map includes a plurality of Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape feature areas; S6) The site scale includes a meso-map sheet of 10km×10km and a micro-map sheet of 2km×2km; the characteristic area of ​​the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape is taken as the macro-map sheet, a number of meso-map sheets are delineated in the macro-map sheet, and a number of micro-map sheets are delineated in each meso-map sheet; the macro-map sheet is used to locate the characteristic type of the first-level cultural landscape, the meso-map sheet is used to display the composition of the area covered by the first-level cultural landscape type, and the micro-map sheet is used to display cultural elements or natural elements.

2. According to claim 1, a method for planning the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape based on multiple evaluation scales, It is characterized in that In step S2), the scale of the regional scale assessment range is 1:250000; The scale of the assessment scope at the municipal level is 1:50,000 or 1:25,000; The scale of the site-scale assessment range is 1:10,000.

3. According to the Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Planning Method Based on Multiple Evaluation Scales as described in claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S31), the terrain is divided according to elevation and slope, specifically including flat slope, flat gentle slope, flat slope, flat steep slope, hilly flat slope, hilly gentle slope, hilly slope, hilly steep slope, low mountain flat slope, low mountain gentle slope, low mountain slope and low mountain steep slope; Soil types include: eluvial soils, semi-eluvial soils, primitropic soils, semi-hydroplastic soils, saline-alkali soils, anthropogenic soils, ferro-alumina soils, rivers, lakes and reservoirs; The degree of terrain relief includes: plains, terraces, hills and small undulating mountains; Land use types include: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural industrial and mining residential land, unused land and ocean; Vegetation types include: coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub and shrub-grass, meadow, grassland, sparse vegetation, cultivated land, and non-vegetated land; The hydrological levels include: first-level water system, third-level water system, fourth-level water system, fifth-level water system, sixth-level water system, seventh-level water system, eighth-level water system and coastal wetlands; The ages of the sites include: Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Ordovician, Paleoproterozoic, Jiaozhou Formation, modern riverbeds, floodplains and water bodies.

4. The Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape planning method based on multiple evaluation scales according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the regional scale landscape feature type map in step S34), the first-level landscape feature types include urban industrial landscape, rural settlement landscape, river water landscape, pastoral agricultural and forestry landscape, and low mountain forest landscape.

5. According to claim 1, a method for planning the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape based on multiple evaluation scales, It is characterized in that In step S42), the cultural landscape elements include fisheries, terraced fields, salt fields and oil fields; the first-level cultural landscape feature types include standardized coastal fishery fields, standardized coastal salt field areas, estuary fishery fields, estuary riverside tidal flats, estuary coastal oil field ruins, estuary riverside agricultural areas, riverside fishery fields, riverside farming and fishing areas, riverside traditional agricultural areas, coastal oil field ruins areas, urban oil field ruins areas, riverside oil field ruins areas, urban traditional farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas.

6. A Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Planning Method Based on Multiple Assessment Scales according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The characteristic areas of the Yellow River Estuary cultural landscape include coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, estuary wetland areas, Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, oilfield ruins areas, and urban plain agricultural areas; the coastal standardized fishery areas and coastal standardized salt pan areas are classified as coastal wetland fishery-salt pan areas, the estuary fishery areas, estuary riverside tidal flat areas, estuary coastal oilfield ruins areas, and estuary riverside agricultural areas are classified as estuary wetland areas, the riverside fishery areas, riverside farming and fishing areas, and riverside traditional agricultural areas are classified as Yellow River old course plain agricultural areas, the coastal oilfield ruins areas, urban oilfield ruins areas, and riverside oilfield ruins areas are classified as oilfield ruins areas, and the traditional urban farming and fishing terraced fields areas, terraced fields-rice fields-fish pond areas, and grass-pasture-garden modern agricultural areas are classified as urban plain agricultural areas.

7. The Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Planning Method Based on Multiple Evaluation Scales according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Step S4) also includes: S44) Using remote sensing images as data sources, the cultural landscape feature map is further interpreted using software visual interpretation and object-oriented classification methods. The interpreted images are input into ArcGIS, and the image spots are corrected using human-computer interactive interpretation.

8. The Yellow River Estuary Cultural Landscape Planning Method Based on Multiple Evaluation Scales according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The cultural elements in step S6) include buildings, structures, and transportation networks; Natural elements include: vegetation cover and river wetlands.

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