Battery module and battery case

Abstract

A battery module includes a front cover having a fluid inlet for a fluid to flow into the battery module and one or more cover outlets; and a battery case connected to the front cover and having an accommodating area for accommodating a plurality of battery cells. The battery case further includes a case frame and one or more inlet channels. Each inlet channel receives fluid from the fluid inlet and passes through the housing frame for fluid flow through the battery housing, where each inlet channel includes one or more inlet slits for fluid flow into the containment region to cool the plurality of battery cells. Each inlet channel communicates to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cap outlets for fluid flow from the front cap into the battery housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery housing and a battery module, and more particularly, to an immersion-cooled battery module. Background Art

[0002] The development of electric devices such as electric vehicles is progressing rapidly. In order to improve the fast charging and slow discharging capabilities of batteries, it is important to manage the heat generated during the charging and discharging process. Cooling battery packs are developed to manage this heat.

[0003] Currently, there are two types of existing cooled battery packs: modular cooled battery packs and non-modular cooled battery packs. Non-modular cooled battery packs may enclose several battery assemblies in a large liquid tank, causing the battery pack to become large and heavy. Therefore, non-modular cooled battery packs may be difficult to adopt on vehicle platforms of various sizes. Modular cooled battery packs can solve the aforementioned problems of non-modular cooled battery packs by making the liquid tank modular (for example, by enclosing each battery assembly in a separate liquid container). However, the specific parameters of the modules in the existing modular cooled battery packs (which may also be referred to as cooling battery modules or battery modules throughout the disclosure) (such as overall size, shape, voltage and current) may not be adjustable. Therefore, an existing cooled battery module may be difficult to adapt to various application fields of batteries at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an immersion-cooled battery module may include one or more battery housings that are easy to assemble (e.g., during manufacturing). An immersion-cooled battery module may be suitable for various components of product lines in different application areas to allow assembly of different numbers of battery housings.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a battery module comprises: a front cover, the front cover comprising a fluid inlet and one or more cover outlets, wherein the fluid inlet is for a fluid to flow into the battery module; and a battery housing, the battery housing is connected to the front cover and has a accommodating area for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery housing further comprising: a housing frame; and one or more inlet channels, each of which receives the fluid from the fluid inlet and passes through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein each of the one or more inlet channels each comprises one or more inlet slits for the fluid to flow into the accommodating area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and each of the one or more inlet channels is connected to at least one corresponding one of the one or more cover outlets for the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing.

[0006] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the front cover further includes a fluid outlet and one or more cover inlets, the battery housing further includes one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passes through the housing frame to allow the fluid to flow through the battery housing, the receiving area is connected to the one or more outlet channels to allow the fluid to flow out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, each of the one or more outlet channels each includes one or more outlet slits to allow the fluid to flow from the receiving area to at least a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels, and each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets to allow the fluid to flow from the battery housing back to the front cover.

[0007] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a back cover comprises a fluid outlet and one or more cover inlets for the fluid to flow out of the battery module, wherein: the battery housing further comprises one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passes through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, the receiving area is connected to the one or more outlet channels for the fluid to flow out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, each of the one or more outlet channels each comprises one or more outlet slits for the fluid to flow from the receiving area to at least one corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels, and each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least one corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets for the fluid to flow from the battery housing to the back cover.

[0008] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the front cover is provided with more than two cover outlets, and the two or more cover outlets have different sizes.

[0009] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a size of the one or more cover outlets varies as a distance between the fluid inlet and the one or more cover outlets varies.

[0010] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the one or more outlet slits include at least one lateral slit, and an angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

[0011] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet channels is perpendicular to a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet slits.

[0012] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the one or more inlet slits include at least one lateral slit, and an angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

[0013] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a battery holder is provided, which is connected to the housing frame and accommodates the plurality of battery cells, wherein: the battery holder comprises a plurality of extension columns, and when the fluid flows through the at least one lateral slit, the plurality of extension columns guide the fluid to flow along a lateral direction.

[0014] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery housing further comprises: one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein a portion of the multiple extension columns are adjacent to the one or more inlet channels, and other portions of the multiple extension columns are adjacent to the one or more outlet channels.

[0015] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a battery support is provided for supporting the plurality of battery cells together with the battery holder, wherein a distance between the battery support and the plurality of extension columns is shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the plurality of extension columns.

[0016] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a battery housing for being installed in a battery module and accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery housing comprising: a housing frame; a battery holder, the battery holder being connected to the housing frame for accommodating the plurality of battery cells in a accommodating area; and one or more inlet channels, each of the inlet channels passing through the housing frame for allowing a fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: the battery housing is connected to a front cover of the battery module, the front cover comprising one or more cover outlets, each of the one or more inlet channels respectively comprising one or more inlet slits for allowing the fluid to flow into the accommodating area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and each of the one or more inlet channels is respectively connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover outlets for allowing the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing.

[0017] In another embodiment of the second aspect, the battery housing further comprises: one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: the containing area is connected to the one or more outlet channels for the fluid to flow out of a fluid outlet of the battery module, each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least one corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets of the battery module for the fluid to flow from the battery housing to at least one of the front cover or a rear cover of the battery module, the one or more cover inlets are located at least one of the front cover or the rear cover of the battery module, each of the one or more outlet channels further comprises one or more outlet slits for the fluid to flow from the containing area to a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels and flow out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, the one or more outlet slits comprises at least one lateral slit, and an angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

[0018] In another embodiment of the second aspect, the one or more inlet slits include at least one lateral slit, and an angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

[0019] In another embodiment of the second aspect, the battery holder comprises a plurality of extension posts extending from an inner surface of the battery holder, and when the fluid flows through the at least one lateral slit, the plurality of extension posts guide the fluid to flow along a lateral direction.

[0020] In another embodiment of the second aspect, the battery housing further comprises: one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein a portion of the multiple extension columns are adjacent to the one or more inlet channels, and other portions of the multiple extension columns are adjacent to the one or more outlet channels.

[0021] In another embodiment of the second aspect, a battery support is provided for supporting the plurality of battery cells together with the battery holder, wherein a distance between the battery support and the plurality of extension columns is shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the plurality of extension columns.

[0022] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a battery module comprises: a front cover comprising one or more cover outlets; a battery housing accommodating a plurality of housing electrodes and having a housing area for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery housing further comprising: a housing frame; and one or more inlet channels, each of which passes through the housing frame for a fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: each of the one or more inlet channels each comprises one or more inlet slits for the fluid to flow into the housing area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and each of the one or more inlet channels is connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover outlets for the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing; a first circuit mounted in the housing frame and electrically coupled to at least one of the plurality of housing electrodes; and a second circuit mounted in the housing frame and electrically coupled to the first circuit to control a temperature of the first circuit to control a temperature of the fluid.

[0023] In another embodiment of the third aspect, the second circuit includes one or more electrical connectors, which are exposed on the housing frame for coupling to an electrical connector of another second circuit.

[0024] In another embodiment of the third aspect, the second circuit is immersed in the fluid, and electricity stored in at least one of the plurality of battery cells is converted into heat by the first circuit to increase the temperature of the fluid by controlling the temperature of the first circuit through the second circuit.

[0025] An implementation of the third aspect also includes all implementations of the above-mentioned first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Aspects of the present disclosure may be best understood when the following detailed description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Various features are not drawn to scale, and the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 1 Schematic diagram of another structure of the illustrated battery module.

[0029] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a fluid flow structure of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B is a perspective view of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4B A partially exploded view of an illustrated battery module.

[0032] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4A Front and rear views of the illustrated front cover.

[0033] Figure 6C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 6B Rear view of the front cover illustrated without the first flow control member.

[0034] Fig.6D According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 6B A perspective view of an illustrated first flow control member.

[0035] FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 4B Front and rear views of the illustrated rear cover.

[0036] Figure 7C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 7B Rear view of the rear cover illustrated without the second flow control member.

[0037] Fig. 8A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 5 A perspective view of an illustrated battery housing.

[0038] Figure 8B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 5 A front view of an illustrated battery housing.

[0039] Fig.9A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 8A A partial enlarged view of the upper left corner of the battery housing is shown.

[0040] Fig. 9B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 8B A cross-sectional view of the battery housing taken along line AA.

[0041] Fig. 9C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 8B An enlarged view of region B is shown.

[0042] Fig.10 is a partial enlarged view of the upper left corner of a battery housing according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Fig.11A is a perspective view of a battery support according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Fig. 11B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 8A The battery case and Fig.11A A perspective view of an illustrated assembly of battery supports.

[0045] Fig. 12A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 11B A front view of an exemplary combination of a battery case and a battery support.

[0046] Fig. 12B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 12A The line CC intercepts Fig. 12A A cross-sectional view of an illustrated battery housing and battery support combination.

[0047] Fig.13A According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5 The illustrated housing frame Figure 4B A perspective view of an illustrated battery module.

[0048] Fig. 13B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig.13A A perspective view of the illustrated electronic connections for the management circuit.

[0049] Fig.14 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig.13A and Fig. 13B Circuit diagram of illustrated battery cells, management circuits and connection circuits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following disclosure contains specific information related to exemplary embodiments in the present disclosure. The drawings in the present disclosure and the detailed disclosure attached thereto are only for exemplary embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Other variations and embodiments of the present disclosure will occur to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the same or corresponding components in the drawings may be represented by the same or corresponding reference numerals. In addition, the drawings and illustrations in the present disclosure are generally not drawn to scale and do not necessarily correspond to actual relative sizes.

[0051] For the purpose of consistency and ease of understanding, similar features are identified by numbers in the exemplary figures (although not shown in some examples). However, features in different embodiments may differ in other aspects and should not be narrowly limited to those in the figures.

[0052] The present disclosure uses phrases such as "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", etc., which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. The terms "coupled", "connected" and "connected" are defined as direct connection, indirect connection through intermediate components, or communication between flow paths, and are not necessarily limited to physical connections. The term "includes" means "including but not necessarily limited to" and it specifically indicates an open inclusion or member in the above combinations, groups, series and equivalents. The terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. in the specification of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order.

[0053] In addition, for purposes of explanation and non-limiting, specific details such as functional entities, technologies, protocols, standards, etc. are set forth to provide an understanding of the described technology. In other instances, detailed disclosure of well-known methods, technologies, systems, architectures, etc. is omitted to avoid obscuring the disclosure with unnecessary details.

[0054] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a battery module 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 10 may include a front cover 110, a plurality of battery housings 121-123 and a back cover 130. The front cover 110 may be connected to the battery housing 121, and the back cover 130 may be connected to the battery housing 123. In some embodiments, the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 may be equal to or greater than two. For example, the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 may be equal to two, three, or other positive numbers greater than three. In some embodiments, when the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 is equal to or greater than two, the front cover 110 may be connected to the first battery housing, and the back cover 130 may be connected to the last battery housing. Of course, in some embodiments, the battery module 10 may also include only one battery housing (e.g., only the battery housing 121), so the front cover 110 may be connected to one side of the battery housing 121 and the back cover 130 may be connected to the other side of the battery housing 121.

[0055] In some embodiments, the front cover 110 may include a fluid inlet 111 and a first battery interface 112, and the rear cover 130 may include a fluid outlet 133 and a second battery interface 134. The fluid inlet 111 may be included in the front cover 110 for fluid to flow into the battery module 10, and the fluid outlet 133 may be included in the rear cover 130 for fluid to flow out of the battery module 10. Thus, the fluid may flow into the battery module 10 through the fluid inlet 111 of the front cover 110, and out of the battery module 10 through the fluid outlet 133 of the rear cover 130 to flow through the battery housings 121-123. In some embodiments, the first battery interface 112 may be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10, and the second battery interface 134 may be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10.

[0056] In some embodiments, each of the battery housings 121-123 may each further include a plurality of battery cells (not shown) and a plurality of housing electrodes (not shown). In some embodiments, each housing electrode may each be an electrode plate. Each housing electrode may each be coupled to a battery cell corresponding to a portion of a battery housing. In some embodiments, when the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 is equal to or greater than two, one of the housing electrodes in the first battery housing may be electrically coupled to the first battery interface 112, and one of the housing electrodes in the last battery housing may be electrically coupled to the second battery interface 134. In addition, another housing electrode in the first battery housing may be electrically coupled to another housing electrode in the second battery housing (e.g., adjacent to the first battery housing), and one of the housing electrodes in the last battery housing may be electrically coupled to, for example, one of the housing electrodes in the penultimate battery housing. In some embodiments, for example, when the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 is equal to one, one of the housing electrodes in the battery housing may be electrically coupled to the first battery interface 112, and another housing electrode in the battery housing may be electrically coupled to the second battery interface 134.

[0057] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 1 Schematic diagram of other structures of the battery module 10 shown in the example. Figure 2A In the embodiment, the front cover 110 may further include a fluid inlet 111, a first battery interface 112, a fluid outlet 113 and a second battery interface 114. Figure 2A In the embodiment, the first battery interface 112 may be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10, and the second battery interface 114 may be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10. Figure 2BIn the embodiment, the front cover 110 may further include a fluid inlet 111, a first battery interface 112 and a fluid outlet 113, and the rear cover 130 may further include a second battery interface 134. Figure 2B In the embodiment, the first battery interface 112 may be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10, and the second battery interface 134 may be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10. Figure 2C In the embodiment, the front cover 110 may further include a fluid inlet 111, a first battery interface 112 and a second battery interface 114, and the rear cover 130 may further include a fluid outlet 133. Figure 2C In the embodiment, the first battery interface 112 may be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10 , and the second battery interface 114 may be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module 10 .

[0058] In some embodiments, the positions of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 10 can be adjusted based on the distribution of the housing electrodes and the orientation of the battery cells. In some embodiments, the positions of the fluid inlet 111 and the fluid outlet 133 of the battery module 10 can be adjusted based on the fluid flow structure of the battery module 10.

[0059] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a fluid flow structure of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In order to clearly illustrate the fluid flow structure of the battery module, Figure 3A and Figure 3B In the embodiment, the first battery interface and the second battery interface are omitted (for example, Figure 1 and FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C shown), but Figure 3A and Figure 3B Each battery module may still include a first battery interface and a second battery interface.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3A In some embodiments, the front cover 110 may further include one or more cover outlets 1110. Each of the one or more cover outlets 1110 may be connected to the fluid inlet 111 for fluid to flow from the front cover 110 to the battery housings 121-123. In some embodiments, the rear cover 130 may further include one or more cover inlets 1330. Each of the one or more cover inlets 1330 may be connected to the fluid outlet 133 for fluid to flow out of the battery module 10 from the battery housings 121-123.

[0061] In some embodiments, the battery housing 121 may include a housing frame 1211, one or more inlet channels 1212, one or more outlet channels 1213, and a receiving area 1214. The battery housing 122 may include a housing frame 1221, one or more inlet channels 1222, one or more outlet channels 1223, and a receiving area 1224, and the battery housing 123 may include a housing frame 1231, one or more inlet channels 1232, one or more outlet channels 1233, and a receiving area 1234.

[0062] In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 1212-1232 may be a through hole that passes through a corresponding housing frame 1211-1231 for fluid to flow through a corresponding housing frame 1211-1231. Therefore, each of the one or more inlet channels 1212 may be connected to at least one of the one or more cover outlets 1110 for fluid to flow from the front cover 110 to the battery housing 121, each of the one or more inlet channels 1222 may be connected to at least one of the one or more inlet channels 1212 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 121 to the battery housing 122, and each of the one or more inlet channels 1232 may be connected to at least one of the one or more inlet channels 1222 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 122 to the battery housing 123. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 1212 - 1232 may further include one or more inlet slits (not shown) for allowing fluid to flow into a corresponding one of the receiving areas 1214 - 1234 for cooling the battery cells in the corresponding one of the receiving areas 1214 - 1234 .

[0063] In some embodiments, each of the receiving areas 1214-1234 may be respectively connected to one or more inlet channels in a battery housing 121-123, so that the fluid can flow into the receiving areas 1214-1234 through one or more inlet slits in a corresponding battery housing 121-123. In some embodiments, each of the receiving areas 1214-1234 may also be respectively connected to one or more outlet channels in a battery housing 121-123, so that the fluid can flow out of the receiving areas 1214-1234 through one or more outlet slits (not shown) in a corresponding battery housing 121-123, so that the fluid can flow out of the battery module 10 through the fluid outlet 133.

[0064] In some embodiments, each of the outlet channels 1213-1233 may include one or more outlet slits for fluid to flow from a corresponding one of the receiving areas 1214-1234 to a corresponding one of the outlet channels 1213-1233. In some embodiments, each of the inlet channels 1213-1233 may be a through hole passing through a corresponding one of the housing frames 1211-1231 for fluid to flow through a corresponding one of the housing frames 1211-1231. Therefore, each of the one or more outlet channels 1213 can be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 1223 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 121 to the battery housing 122, each of the one or more outlet channels 1223 can be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 1233 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 122 to the battery housing 123, and each of the one or more outlet channels 1233 can be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more cover inlets 1330 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 123 to the back cover 130 for flowing out of the battery module 10 through the fluid outlet 133.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3B As shown, the battery module 20 may include a front cover 210, a plurality of battery housings 221-226, and a rear cover 230. The front cover 210 may include a fluid inlet 211, a fluid outlet 213, one or more cover outlets 2110, and one or more cover inlets 2130. Each battery housing 221-226 in the battery module 20 may be substantially similar or identical to the battery housings 121-123 in the battery module 10. Therefore, the battery housing 221 may include a housing frame 2211, one or more inlet channels 2212, one or more outlet channels 2213, and a receiving area 2214. The battery housing 222 may include a housing frame 2221, one or more inlet channels 2222, one or more outlet channels 2223, and a receiving area 2224, and the battery housing 226 may include a housing frame 2261, one or more inlet channels 2262, one or more outlet channels 2263, and a receiving area 2264. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2212-2262 may be a through hole passing through a corresponding housing frame 2211-2261, so that fluid can flow through the corresponding housing frame 2211-2261. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2213-2263 may be a through hole passing through a corresponding housing frame 2211-2261, so that fluid can flow through the corresponding housing frame 2211-2261.

[0066] In some embodiments, the installation process and method of the battery housings 121-123 in the battery module 10 may be substantially similar or identical to the installation process and method of the battery housings 221-223 in the battery module 20 and the installation process and method of the battery housings 224-226 in the battery module 20. In addition, the positional relationship between the battery housings 121-123 in the battery module 10 may be substantially similar or identical to the positional relationship between the battery housings 221-223 in the battery module 20 and the positional relationship between the battery housings 224-226 in the battery module 20. However, the installation direction of the battery housings 121-123 in the battery module 10 may be substantially similar or identical to one of the installation directions of the battery housings 221-223 and the installation directions of the battery housings 224-226, and opposite to the other of the installation directions of the battery housings 221-223 and the installation directions of the battery housings 224-226. Figure 3B In the embodiment, the installation direction of the battery housings 121-123 in the battery module 10 may be substantially similar or the same as the installation direction of the battery housings 221-223, and opposite to the installation direction of the battery housings 224-226. Therefore, the rear cover 230 may include an intermediate channel 2330 for connecting one or more outlet channels 2233 to one or more inlet channels 2242 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 223 to the battery housing 224. In addition, one or more cover inlets 2130 and fluid outlets 213 may be included in the front cover 210 for fluid to flow out of the battery module 20 from the battery housing 226.

[0067] In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2212 may be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more cover outlets 2110 for fluid to flow from the front cover 210 to the battery housing 221. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2242 may be respectively connected to the middle channel 2330 for fluid to flow from the rear cover 230 to the battery housing 224. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2222, 2232, 2252, and 2262 may be respectively connected to one of the one or more inlet channels 2212, 2222, 2242, and 2252 for fluid to flow from the corresponding previous battery housing of the battery housings 221-226 to the corresponding one of the battery housings 221-226. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 2212-2262 may include one or more inlet slits (not shown) for fluid to flow to the corresponding one of the receiving areas 2214-2264 for cooling the plurality of battery cells in the battery housings 221-226.

[0068] In some embodiments, each of the one or more outlet channels 2213-2263 may include one or more outlet slits (not shown) for fluid to flow from a corresponding one of the receiving areas 2214-2264 to a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels 2213-2263. In some embodiments, each of the one or more outlet channels 2263 may be connected to at least one of the one or more cover inlets 2130 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 226 back to the front cover 210. In some embodiments, each of the one or more outlet channels 2233 may be connected to the intermediate channel 2330 for fluid to flow from the battery housing 223 to the rear cover 230. In some embodiments, each of the one or more outlet channels 2213, 2223, 2243, and 2253 may be connected to one of the one or more outlet channels 2223, 2233, 2253, and 2263, respectively, for fluid to flow from a corresponding one of the battery housings 221-226 to a corresponding next one of the battery housings 221-226.

[0069] In some embodiments, the size of the battery module 20 may be (substantially) larger than the size of the battery module 10. For example, in some embodiments, the battery module 20 may be twice as large as the battery module 10. In some other embodiments, the battery module 20 may be more or less than twice as large as the battery module 10. In some embodiments, the front cover 110 may further include a fluid outlet 113 (e.g., Figure 2A ), and the battery module 10 may further include one or more cover inlets 1330 (such as Figure 3A In the embodiment of the present invention, a pipeline connected to one or more cover inlets (not shown) of the front cover 110 is provided for connecting the fluid outlet 113 to the one or more cover inlets 1330. Therefore, even if the fluid inlet 111 and the fluid outlet 113 are both included in the front cover 110, the number of battery housings in the battery module 10 can remain unchanged, and the size of the battery module 10 can also remain (almost) unchanged.

[0070] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B 3 is a perspective view of a battery module 30 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 30 may include a front cover 310, a plurality of battery housings 321-322, and a rear cover 330. The front cover 310 may be connected to the battery housing 321, and the rear cover 330 may be connected to the battery housing 322. In some embodiments, the front cover 310, the battery housings 321-322, and the rear cover 330 may be sealed together to prevent fluid from leaking from the battery module 30.

[0071] In some embodiments, the front cover 310 may include a fluid inlet 311 and a first battery interface 312, and the rear cover 330 may include a fluid outlet 333 and a second battery interface 334. In some embodiments, the fluid inlet 311 may be included in the front cover 310 for fluid to flow into the battery module 30. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet 333 may be included in the rear cover 330 for fluid to flow out of the battery module 30. Therefore, the fluid can flow into the battery housing 321-322 through the fluid inlet 311 of the front cover 310, and flow out of the battery housing 321-322 through the fluid outlet 333 of the rear cover 330. In some embodiments, the fluid inlet 311 may be moved to the rear cover 330 for fluid to flow into the battery module 30. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet 333 may be included in the front cover 310 (e.g., Figure 2B The fluid inlet 311 and the fluid outlet 333 may be included in the same cover, or may be included in different covers.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first battery interface 312 may be the negative electrode of the battery module 30, and the second battery interface 334 may be the positive electrode of the battery module 30. In some embodiments, the first battery interface 312 may be the positive electrode of the battery module 30, and the second battery interface 334 may be the negative electrode of the battery module 30.

[0073] In some embodiments, the number of battery housings may be equal to two, three, or other positive number greater than three. In some embodiments, only one battery housing may be included in the battery module 30 .

[0074] In some embodiments, the front cover 310 may further include a first fluid hole 315, and the rear cover 330 may further include a second fluid hole (not shown). In some embodiments, the first fluid hole 315 and the second fluid hole may have the same functions as the fluid inlet 311 and the fluid outlet 333, respectively. For example, the fluid may flow into the battery module 30 from the second fluid hole and flow out of the battery module 30 through the first fluid hole 315. Therefore, the battery module 30 may have two sets of fluid inlets and fluid outlets. In some embodiments, the battery module 30 does not necessarily include the first fluid hole and the second fluid hole, so the battery module 30 may have only one set of fluid inlet and fluid outlet.

[0075] Figure 5 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4B A partially exploded view of the illustrated battery module 30. The battery module 30 may include a front cover 310, battery housings 321-322, and a rear cover 330. The front cover 310 may be connected to the battery housing 321, and the rear cover 330 may be connected to the battery housing 322.

[0076] refer to Figure 4A and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the front cover 310 may further include a fluid inlet 311, one or more cover outlets 3110, and a first flow control member 316. The first flow control member 316 may have one or more first member openings 3160. In some embodiments, one or more cover outlets 3110 may be connected to the fluid inlet 311 for the fluid to flow out of the front cover 311 through the one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, the first flow control member 316 may cover one or more outlet holes (not shown) to produce one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, the front cover 310 may further include one or more first cover holes 3151. In some embodiments, the size and shape of the one or more outlet holes may be the same (or substantially similar) or different from the size and shape of the one or more first cover holes 3151. In some embodiments, when the fluid flows through the first fluid hole 315, the flow control member may cover the one or more first cover holes 3151 to produce one or more first cover openings (not shown).

[0077] In some embodiments, the battery housing 321 may further include a housing frame 3211, one or more inlet channels 3212, and one or more outlet channels 3213. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 and the one or more outlet channels 3213 may each be a through hole that passes through the housing frame 3211 for fluid to flow through the battery housing 321. Therefore, when the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may each be correspondingly connected to at least one of the one or more cover outlets 3110 for receiving the fluid into the battery housing 321 via the fluid inlet 311 of the front cover 310. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may each be aligned with one of the one or more cover outlets 3110 for fluid to flow from the one or more cover outlets 3110 into the one or more inlet channels 3212, and further flow out of the battery housing 321 from the one or more outlet channels 3213. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may be located in a portion of the wall of the housing frame 3211 , and each of the one or more outlet channels 3213 may be located in another portion of the wall of the housing frame 3211 .

[0078] In some embodiments, the battery housing 322 may further include a housing frame 3221, one or more inlet channels 3222, and one or more outlet channels 3223. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 3222 and the one or more outlet channels 3223 may each be a through hole passing through the housing frame 3221. Therefore, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more inlet channels 3222 may each be correspondingly connected to at least one of the one or more inlet channels 3212. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more inlet channels 3222 may each be aligned with one of the one or more inlet channels 3212 for fluid to flow from the one or more inlet channels 3212 to the one or more inlet channels 3222, and further flow out of the battery housing 322 from the one or more inlet channels 3222. In addition, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more outlet channels 3223 may each be correspondingly connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 3213. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more outlet channels 3223 can be aligned with one of the one or more outlet channels 3213 to allow fluid to flow from the one or more outlet channels 3213 to the one or more outlet channels 3223, and further flow out of the battery housing 322 from the one or more outlet channels 3223.

[0079] refer to Figure 4B and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the rear cover 330 may further include a fluid outlet 333, one or more cover inlets (not shown) and a second flow control member (not shown), and the second flow control member may also have one or more second member openings (not shown). In some embodiments, one or more cover inlets may be connected to the fluid outlet 333 so that the fluid flows into the rear cover 330 through the one or more cover inlets and flows out of the battery module 30. In addition, when the rear cover 330 is connected to the battery housing 322, each of the one or more cover inlets may be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 3223 so that the fluid flows from the battery housing 322 to the rear cover 330. In some embodiments, when the rear cover 330 is connected to the battery housing 322, each of the one or more cover inlets may be respectively aligned with one of the one or more outlet channels 3223 so that the fluid flows from the one or more outlet channels 3223 to the one or more cover inlets, and further flows out of the rear cover 330 of the battery module 30 from the fluid outlet 333.

[0080] In some embodiments, the second flow control member can cover one or more inlet holes (not shown) to produce one or more cover inlets. In some embodiments, the rear cover 330 can further include one or more second cover holes (not shown). In some embodiments, the size and shape of the one or more inlet holes can be the same or different from the size and shape of the one or more second cover holes. In some embodiments, when the fluid flows through the second fluid hole on the rear cover 330, the flow control member can cover one or more second cover holes to produce one or more second cover openings (not shown).

[0081] In some embodiments, when the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more outlet channels 3213 can be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more first cover openings. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more outlet channels 3213 can be respectively aligned with one of the one or more first cover openings for fluid to flow between the one or more outlet channels 3213 and the one or more first cover openings.

[0082] In some embodiments, when the rear cover 330 is connected to the battery housing 322, each of the one or more second cover openings can be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more inlet channels 3222. In some embodiments, when the rear cover 330 is connected to the battery housing 322, each of the one or more second cover openings can be respectively aligned with one of the one or more inlet channels 3222 for fluid to flow between the one or more second cover openings and the one or more inlet channels 3222.

[0083] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 4A The front and rear views of the illustrated front cover 310. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the front cover 310 may include a fluid inlet 311, a first battery interface 312, and a first fluid hole 315. In addition, the inner surface of the front cover 310 may further include one or more cover outlets 3110, one or more first cover holes 3151, and a first flow control member 316.

[0084] In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 may be a through hole through the front cover 310. Therefore, the interior surface of the front cover 310 may also include an inlet hole for the fluid inlet 311. In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 may be connected to one or more cover outlets 3110. Therefore, when the fluid flows into the front cover 310 through the fluid inlet 311, the fluid may flow out of the front cover 310 through the one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 may not be aligned with the one or more cover outlets 3110.

[0085] In some embodiments, the center hole of the first fluid hole 315 can be a through hole through the front cover 310. Therefore, the inner surface of the front cover 310 can include the center hole of the first fluid hole 315. In some embodiments, the center hole of the first fluid hole 315 can be connected to one or more first cover holes 3151. Therefore, when the fluid flows into the front cover 310 through the first fluid hole 315, the fluid can flow out of the front cover 310 through the one or more first cover holes 3151. In some embodiments, when the fluid flows out of the front cover 310 through the first fluid hole 315, the fluid can flow into the front cover 310 through the one or more first cover holes 3151.

[0086] Figure 6C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 6B A rear view of the front cover 310 is illustrated without the first flow control member 316 . Fig.6D According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 6B A perspective view of the first flow control member 316 is illustrated.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the first flow control member 316 is removed from the front cover 310, one or more outlet holes 3111 and the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 may be exposed on the inner surface of the front cover 310. Figure 6C As shown, Figure 6B In contrast, in some embodiments, the inlet aperture of the fluid inlet 311 may not be aligned with one or more cover outlets 3110 .

[0088] In some embodiments, the first flow control member 316 may have one or more first member openings 3160. In some embodiments, the one or more first member openings 3160 may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes of the one or more first member openings 3160 may be the same as each other, but the sizes of the one or more first member openings 3160 may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes and sizes of the one or more first member openings 3160 may be different from each other.

[0089] In some embodiments, when the front cover 310 includes the first flow control member 316, the one or more first member openings 3160 can be considered as one or more cover outlets 3110. Therefore, in some embodiments, each of the one or more cover outlets 3110 can be different from the other ones of the cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, the shape of the one or more cover outlets 3110 can be the same as each other, but the size of the one or more cover outlets 3110 can be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shape and size of the one or more cover outlets 3110 can be different from each other.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first flow control member 316 can be integrally formed with the front cover 310 to form a single component. Therefore, the front cover 310 can include one or more first fluid chambers (not shown). In some embodiments, the one or more first fluid chambers can be connected to each other for fluid to flow between the one or more first fluid chambers, and can each be connected to at least one of the one or more cover outlets 3110 for fluid to flow out of the front cover 310. In addition, the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 can be directly connected to one of the one or more first fluid chambers for fluid to flow into the front cover 310.

[0091] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6B In some embodiments, since each of the one or more cover outlets 3110 is connected to one of the one or more inlet channels 3212, the number of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be equal to the number of the one or more inlet channels 3212. In some embodiments, the number of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be equal to one, and the number of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may also be equal to one. In some embodiments, as Figure 6B As shown, the number of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be equal to three, and the number of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may also be equal to three. In other words, the front cover 310 may include a plurality of cover outlets 3110, and the battery housing 321 may also include the same number of inlet channels 3212. In some embodiments, since each of the one or more cover outlets 3110 is respectively connected to at least one of the one or more inlet channels 3212, the number of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be equal to or not equal to the number of the one or more inlet channels 3212.

[0092] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6B In some embodiments, when the number of one or more cover outlets 3110 is greater than one, one of the one or more cover outlets 3110 that is adjacent to the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 may be smaller than one of the one or more cover outlets 3110 that is distant from the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311. In some embodiments, the size of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be associated with the distance between the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 and the one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, the size of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may be determined based on the distance between the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 and the one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, when the distance between the inlet hole of the fluid inlet 311 and the one or more cover outlets 3110 increases, the size of the one or more cover outlets 3110 may increase accordingly. Therefore, if Figure 6BAs shown, the leftmost cover outlet among the cover outlets 3110 may be the smallest cover outlet 3110 , and the rightmost cover outlet among the cover outlets 3110 may be the largest cover outlet 3110 .

[0093] FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 4B The illustrated front and rear views of the rear cover 330. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the rear cover 330 may include a fluid outlet 333, a second battery interface 334, and a second fluid hole 337. In addition, the inner surface of the rear cover 330 may further include one or more cover inlets 3330, one or more second cover holes 3371, and a second flow control member 338.

[0094] In some embodiments, the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 may be a through hole through the rear cover 330. Therefore, the inner surface of the rear cover 330 may also include an outlet hole for the fluid outlet 333. In some embodiments, the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 may be connected to one or more cover inlets 3330. Therefore, the fluid may first flow into the rear cover 330 through the one or more cover inlets 3330, and then flow out of the rear cover 330 through the fluid outlet 333. In some embodiments, the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 may not be aligned with the one or more cover inlets 3330.

[0095] In some embodiments, the center hole of the second fluid hole 337 can be a through hole through the back cover 330. Therefore, the inner surface of the back cover 330 can also include the center hole of the second fluid hole 337. In some embodiments, the center hole of the second fluid hole 337 can be connected to one or more second cover holes 3371. Therefore, when the fluid flows into the back cover 330 through the second fluid hole 337, the fluid can flow out of the back cover 330 through the one or more second cover holes 3371. In some embodiments, when the fluid flows out of the back cover 330 through the second fluid hole 337, the fluid can flow into the back cover 330 through the one or more second cover holes 3371.

[0096] Figure 7C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 7B A rear view of the rear cover 330 is shown without the second flow control member 338. In some embodiments, when the second flow control member 338 is removed from the rear cover 330, one or more inlet holes 3331 and the outlet holes of the fluid outlet 333 may be exposed on the interior surface of the rear cover 330. Figure 7C As shown, Figure 7B In contrast, in some embodiments, the outlet aperture of the fluid outlet 333 may not be aligned with one or more cover inlets 3330 .

[0097] In some embodiments, the second flow control member 338 may have one or more second member openings. In some embodiments, one or more second member openings may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes of one or more second member openings may be the same as each other, but the sizes of one or more second member openings may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes and sizes of one or more second member openings may be different from each other.

[0098] In some embodiments, when the rear cover 330 includes a second flow control member 338, one or more second member openings may be considered as one or more cover inlets 3330. Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more cover inlets 3330 may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes of one or more cover inlets 3330 may be the same as each other, but the sizes of one or more cover inlets 3330 may be different from each other. In some embodiments, the shapes and sizes of one or more cover inlets 3330 may be different from each other.

[0099] In some embodiments, the second flow control member 338 can be integrally formed with the rear cover 330 to form a single component. Therefore, the rear cover 330 can include one or more second fluid chambers (not shown). In some embodiments, the one or more second fluid chambers can be connected to each other for fluid to flow between the one or more second fluid chambers, and connected to at least one of the one or more cover inlets 3330 for fluid to flow into the rear cover 330. In addition, the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 can be directly connected to one of the one or more second fluid chambers for fluid to flow out of the rear cover 330.

[0100] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 7B In some embodiments, since each of the one or more cover inlets 3330 is connected to one of the one or more outlet channels 3223, the number of the one or more cover inlets 3330 may be equal to the number of the one or more outlet channels 3223. In some embodiments, the number of the one or more cover inlets 3330 may be equal to one, and the number of the one or more outlet channels 3223 may also be equal to one. In some embodiments, as Figure 7B As shown, the number of one or more cover inlets 3330 may be equal to three, and the number of one or more outlet channels 3223 may also be equal to three. In other words, the rear cover 330 may include multiple cover inlets 3330, and the battery housing 322 may include the same number of outlet channels 3223. In some embodiments, since each of the one or more cover inlets 3330 is respectively connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 3223, the number of one or more cover inlets 3330 may be equal to or unequal to the number of one or more outlet channels 3223.

[0101] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 7B In some embodiments, when the number of the one or more cover inlets 3330 is greater than one, one of the one or more cover inlets 3330 that is adjacent to the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 may be smaller than one of the one or more cover inlets 3330 that is distant from the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333. In some embodiments, the size of the one or more cover inlets 3330 may be determined based on the distance between the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 and the one or more cover inlets 3330. In some embodiments, when the distance between the outlet hole of the fluid outlet 333 and the one or more cover inlets 3330 increases, the size of the one or more cover inlets 3330 may increase accordingly. Therefore, in Figure 6B , the leftmost cover inlet among the cover inlets 3330 may be the smallest cover inlet 3330 , and the rightmost cover inlet among the cover inlets 3330 may be the largest cover inlet 3330 .

[0102] Fig. 8A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 5 A perspective view of the illustrated battery housing 321. Figure 8B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 5 A front view of the illustrated battery case 321.

[0103] In some embodiments, the battery housing 321 may further include a housing frame 3211, one or more inlet channels 3212, one or more outlet channels 3213, and a receiving area 3214. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 and the one or more outlet channels 3213 may be a through hole that passes through the housing frame 3211. Figure 5 and Fig. 8A When the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more cover outlets 3110. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 321 is connected to the front cover 310, each of the one or more inlet channels 3212 may be respectively aligned with one of the one or more cover outlets 3110, so that the fluid flows from the one or more cover outlets 3110 to the one or more inlet channels 3212, and further flows out of the battery housing 321 from the one or more inlet channels 3212.

[0104] In some embodiments, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more outlet channels 3223 may be respectively connected to at least one of the one or more outlet channels 3213. In some embodiments, when the battery housing 322 is connected to the battery housing 321, each of the one or more outlet channels 3223 may be respectively aligned with one of the one or more outlet channels 3213, so that the fluid flows from the one or more outlet channels 3213 to the one or more outlet channels 3223, and further flows out of the battery housing 322 from the one or more outlet channels 3223.

[0105] Fig.9A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 8A A partial enlarged view of the upper left corner of the battery housing 321 is shown. Fig. 9B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 8B A cross-sectional view of the battery housing 321 taken along line AA. Fig. 9C According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 8B An enlarged view of the illustrated area B. In some embodiments, the battery housing 321 may further include a battery holder 3215 .

[0106] In some embodiments, the housing frame 3211 may further include two lateral edges 32111, two longitudinal edges 32112, a plurality of upper support planes 32113 extending from the two lateral edges 32111 and the two longitudinal edges 32112, and a lower support plane 32114 extending from the two lateral edges 32111 and the two longitudinal edges 32112. In some embodiments, the upper support planes 32113 and the lower support planes 32114 may be used to support a battery support (not shown). In some embodiments, the battery support and the battery holder 3215 may be used to accommodate and support a plurality of battery cells (not shown). For example, the battery holder 3215 may accommodate one of the two sides of the battery cell, and the battery support may accommodate the other side of the battery cell.

[0107] In some embodiments, each of the one or more outlet channels 3213 may further include one or more outlet slits 32131 for fluid to flow from the receiving area 3214 to a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels 3213 for cooling the battery cells in the receiving area 3214. Therefore, the receiving area 3214 may be connected to the one or more outlet channels 3213 for allowing the fluid to flow from the receiving area 3214 to the one or more outlet channels 3213 and out of the fluid outlet 333 of the battery module 30. In some embodiments, the one or more outlet slits 32131 may include at least one lateral slit. The angle between one of the two lateral edges 32111 and the flow direction Dfs of the fluid flowing through one of the at least one lateral slit may be an acute angle. In some embodiments, at least one lateral slit may be used to provide a horizontal component of the flow direction Dfs for guiding the fluid to flow toward the corner of the receiving area 3214. Therefore, the fluid can flow completely through the battery housing 321, and the temperature of the fluid in the battery housing 321 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0108] In some embodiments, a plurality of unit holes 32141 included in the accommodating area 3214 may be formed by a battery holder 3215 connected to the housing frame 3211. Each of the unit holes 32141 formed by the battery holder 3215 may be used to accommodate one of the two sides of the battery cell. In some embodiments, the battery holder 3215 may include a plurality of extension columns 32151 extending from an inner surface 32152 of the battery holder 3215 along the installation direction between the battery housings. In some embodiments, the extension columns 32151 may be provided along the two lateral edges 32111. Therefore, referring to Fig. 8A and Fig.9A , a portion of the extension column 32151 may be adjacent to one of the two lateral edges 32111 having one or more inlet channels 3212, and another portion of the extension column 32151 may be adjacent to the other of the two lateral edges 32111 having one or more outlet channels 3213. In other words, a portion of the extension column 32151 may be adjacent to one or more inlet channels 3212, and the remaining portion of the extension column 32151 may be adjacent to one or more outlet channels 3213.

[0109] In some embodiments, each of the extension columns 32151 may extend from the battery holder 3215 between three adjacent unit holes 32141. In some embodiments, the extension column 32151 may be disposed adjacent to one of the two lateral edges 32111. In some embodiments, the distance between the extension column 32151 and one of the two lateral edges 32111 may be close to the diameter of the unit hole 32141. In some embodiments, the distance between the extension column 32151 and the one of the two lateral edges 32111 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the unit hole 32141. In some embodiments, the minimum distance d between the extension column 32151 and the one of the two lateral edges 32111 is less than or equal to the diameter of the unit hole 32141. m The diameter of the extension column 32151 may be smaller than the diameter of the unit hole 32141. In some embodiments, the distance between the center of the extension column 32151 and the curved wall of the battery housing 321 along the longitudinal direction D LO The longitudinal distance d l It may be smaller than the diameter of the unit hole 32141.

[0110] In some embodiments, the distance Ds between the lower support plane 32114 and the outer surface of the housing frame may be slightly shorter than the distance Dc between the extension column 32151 and the outer surface of the housing frame. Therefore, when the battery support covers the accommodating area 3214, the distance between the battery support and the extension column 32151 may be equal to the difference between the distances Ds and Dc. In addition, the distance between the battery support and the extension column 32151 may be shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the extension column 32151. When the distance is shorter than the distance threshold, the distance between the battery support and the plurality of extension columns 32151 is insufficient to allow the fluid to flow through the plurality of extension columns 32151 due to factors such as surface tension. In other words, when the fluid flows through at least one lateral slit, the fluid cannot flow through the extension column 32151, so that the extension column can guide the fluid along the lateral direction Ds. LA Flow toward the corner of the accommodating area 3214. Therefore, the fluid can completely flow through the battery housing 321, and the temperature of the fluid in the battery housing 321 can be reduced more evenly.

[0111] refer to Fig. 8A and Fig.9AIn some embodiments, each of the inlet channels 3212 may further include one or more inlet slits 32121 for fluid to flow from the inlet channel 3212 into the receiving area 3214 for cooling the battery cells in the receiving area 3214. In some embodiments, the one or more inlet slits 32121 may include at least one lateral slit. The angle between one of the two lateral edges 32111 and the flow direction Dfs of the fluid flowing through at least one lateral slit in the one or more inlet slits 32121 may be an acute angle. In some embodiments, at least one lateral slit in the one or more inlet slits 32121 may be used to provide a horizontal component of the flow direction Dfs for guiding the fluid to flow toward the corner of the receiving area 3214. Therefore, the fluid can flow completely through the battery housing 321, and the temperature of the fluid in the battery housing 321 can be reduced more evenly.

[0112] In some embodiments, the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet channels 3212 may be parallel to the combined direction between the battery housing 321 and the front cover 310, and may be perpendicular to the flow direction Dfs of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet slits 32121. In some embodiments, the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more outlet channels 3213 may be parallel to the combined direction, and perpendicular to the flow direction Dfs of the fluid flowing through the one or more outlet slits 32131.

[0113] Fig.10 FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the upper left corner of a battery housing 321 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0114] In some embodiments, a plurality of unit holes 32141 may be formed by a battery holder 3215 connected to the housing frame 3211 for accommodating a battery unit in the accommodating area 3214. Each of the unit holes 32141 formed by the battery holder 3215 may be used to accommodate one of the two sides of the battery unit. In some embodiments, the battery holder 3215 may further include a plurality of extension columns 32151 and a plurality of extension walls 32153 each extending from an inner surface 32152 of the battery holder 3215. In some embodiments, Fig.10 The extension column 32151 in Fig.9A In some embodiments, the extension walls 32153 may be disposed adjacent to the four corners of the battery holder 3215. In some embodiments, each of the extension walls 32153 may extend from the battery holder 3215 and may be sandwiched between two adjacent unit holes 32141.

[0115] refer to Fig. 9B and Fig.10In some embodiments, the distance Ds between the lower support plane 32114 and the outer surface of the housing frame may be slightly smaller than the distance Dc between the extension column 32151 and the outer surface of the housing frame, which is the same as the distance between the extension wall 32153 and the outer surface of the housing frame. Therefore, when the battery support covers the accommodating area 3214, the distance between the battery support and each extension wall 32153 may be equal to the difference between the distances Ds and Dc. In addition, the distance between the battery support and each extension wall 32153 may be shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the extension wall 32153. In other words, the fluid may not flow through the extension wall 32153, resulting in the extension wall 32153 directing the fluid along the lateral direction D LA Flow toward the corner of the accommodating area 3214. Therefore, the fluid can completely flow through the battery housing 321, and the temperature of the fluid in the battery housing 321 can be reduced more evenly.

[0116] Fig.11A is a perspective view of a battery support 3216 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 11B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 8A The battery case and Fig.11A A perspective view of the assembly of the illustrated battery support 3216.

[0117] In some embodiments, the battery support 3216 may include a plurality of support holes 32161, a plurality of side planes 32162, and a lower surface 32163. Fig.9A and Fig.11A , the cell hole 32141 formed by the battery holder 3215 can receive one of the two sides of the battery cell, and the support hole 32161 of the battery support 3216 can receive the other side of the battery cell. In some embodiments, when the battery support 3216 is accommodated in the housing frame 3211, the side plane 32162 can be connected to the upper support plane 32113, and the lower surface 32163 can be connected to the lower support plane 32114.

[0118] Fig. 12A According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 11B A front view of the illustrated combination of a battery housing and a battery support 3216. Fig. 12B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 12A The line CC intercepts Fig. 12A A cross-sectional view of the illustrated combination of a battery housing and battery support 3216.

[0119] In some embodiments, each of the unit holes 32141 formed by the battery holder 3215 can be aligned with the support hole 32161 of the battery support 3216. Fig. 9B and Fig. 12B , the battery support 3216 can be supported by the lower support plane 32114 of the housing frame 3211. In some embodiments, since the battery support 3216 is accommodated in the housing frame 3211, a portion of each outlet slit 32131 can be blocked by the battery support 3216. Therefore, the fluid can flow from the accommodation area 3214 to one or more outlet channels 3213 through the unobstructed portion of each outlet slit 32131. Similarly, referring to Figure 8B and Fig. 12A In some embodiments, since the battery support 3216 is accommodated in the housing frame 3211, a portion of each inlet slit 32121 of the inlet channel 3212 may be blocked by the battery support 3216. Therefore, the fluid may flow from one or more inlet channels 3212 to the accommodation area 3214 through the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit 32121 of the inlet channel 3212.

[0120] refer to Fig.9A and Fig. 12B In some embodiments, the distance Df between the inner surface 32152 of the battery holder 3215 and the outer surface of the housing frame 3211 may be substantially longer than the distance Da between the inner surface 32152 of the battery holder 3215 and the lower surface 32163 of the battery support 3216. In some embodiments, the length of the unobstructed portion of each outlet slit 32131 may be equal to the difference between the distance Df and the distance Da. Therefore, when the fluid flows into the outlet channel 3213, because the length of the unobstructed portion of each outlet slit 32131 may be long enough for the fluid to easily flow into the outlet channel 3213, the fluid may flow into the outlet channel 3213 through the unobstructed portion of each outlet slit 32131.

[0121] Similarly, reference FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B and Fig. 12A In some embodiments, the length of the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit 32121 may be equal to the difference between the distances Df and Da. Therefore, when the fluid flows from the inlet channel 3212 to the receiving area 3214, because the length of the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit 32121 of the inlet channel 3212 may be long enough for the fluid to flow into the receiving area 3214, the fluid may flow from the inlet channel 3212 to the receiving area 3214 through the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit 32121.

[0122] In some embodiments, the distance Ds between the lower support plane 32114 and the outer surface of the outer shell frame may be slightly shorter than the distance Dc between the extension column 32151 and the outer surface of the outer shell frame. Therefore, when the battery support 3216 covers the accommodating area 3214, the distance between the battery support 3216 and the extension column 32151 may be equal to the difference between the distances Ds and Dc. In addition, the distance between the battery support 3216 and the extension column 32151 may be shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the extension column 32151. When the distance is shorter than the distance threshold, the distance between the battery support and the multiple extension columns 32151 is insufficient to allow the fluid to flow through the multiple extension columns 32151 due to factors such as surface tension. In other words, the fluid may not flow through the extension column 32151, causing the extension column to guide the fluid along Fig. 9C The lateral direction D LA Flow toward the corner of the accommodation area 3214. Therefore, the fluid can completely flow through the battery housing 321, and the temperature of the fluid in the battery housing 321 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0123] Fig.13A According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5 The housing frames 3211 and 3221 are shown as examples. Figure 4B A perspective view of a battery module 30 is illustrated. Fig. 13B According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig.13A A perspective view of the illustrated electronic connections for management circuits 3217 and 3227.

[0124] refer to Figure 4B and Fig.13A In some embodiments, each of the battery housings 321 and 322 may include a corresponding one of the management circuits 3217 and 3227 mounted in a corresponding one of the housing frames 3211 and 3221. In some embodiments, the management circuit 3217 may be coupled to the management circuit 3227. In some embodiments, the electrical connector of the management circuit 3217 may be mounted on the battery housing 321 and may be exposed on the housing frame 3211. The electrical connector of the management circuit 3227 may be mounted on the battery housing 322 and may be exposed on the housing frame 3221. When the battery housings 321 and 322 are connected to each other, the electrical connector of the management circuit 3217 may also be directly or electrically coupled to the electrical connector of the management circuit 3227. Therefore, when the battery housings 321 and 322 are connected to each other, the electrical connectors of the management circuits 3217 and 3227 may not be exposed outside the battery housings 321 and 322.

[0125] In some embodiments, each of the battery housings 321 and 322 may also include a plurality of battery cells 3218 and 3228, respectively. In some embodiments, the battery housing 321 may further include a plurality of housing electrodes 32181 and 32182, and each of the battery cells 3218 may be coupled to one of the housing electrodes 32181 and one of the housing electrodes 32182, respectively. In some embodiments, the battery housing 322 may further include a plurality of housing electrodes 32181 and 32182, and each of the battery cells 3218 may be coupled to one of the housing electrodes 32181 and one of the housing electrodes 32182, respectively. In some embodiments, the plurality of housing electrodes 32181, 32182, 32281, and 32282 may be used to connect the battery cells 3218 and 3228 to each other. In addition, the battery cells 3218 and 3228 may be coupled to each other in series or in parallel through the plurality of housing electrodes 32181, 32182, 32281, and 32282. refer to FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B and Fig.13A In some embodiments, one of the plurality of shell electrodes 32181 may be electrically coupled to the first battery interface 312, and one of the plurality of shell electrodes 32282 may be electrically coupled to the second battery interface 334. In addition, one of the plurality of shell electrodes 32182 may be electrically coupled to one of the plurality of shell electrodes 32281. Thus, power may be output from or stored in the battery cells 3218 and 3228 through the first battery interface 312 and the second battery interface 334.

[0126] In some embodiments, the management circuit 3217 may be electrically coupled to the housing electrodes 32181 and 32182 and a plurality of connection circuits 32171. The connection circuit 32171 may be electrically coupled to at least one of the housing electrodes 32181 and 32182. In some embodiments, the housing electrodes 32181 and 32182 and the connection circuit 32171 may be accommodated in the accommodation area 3214 of the battery housing 321 so that the housing electrodes 32181 and 32182 and the connection circuit 32171 may be immersed in the fluid contained in the battery housing 321. In some embodiments, the management circuit 3227 may be coupled to the housing electrodes 32281 and 32282 through a plurality of connection circuits 32271. A plurality of connection circuits 32271 may be coupled to the housing electrodes 32281 and 32282. In some embodiments, the housing electrodes 32281 and 32282 and the connecting circuit 32271 can be immersed in the fluid contained in the battery housing 322. In some embodiments, the connecting circuits 32171 and 32271 can be flexible printed circuits (FPC).

[0127] In some embodiments, the connection circuits 32171 and 32271 can be used to measure the voltage and temperature of the shell electrodes 32181, 32182, 32281 and 32282 to provide the measurement results to the management circuits 3217 and 3227. In some embodiments, the management circuits 3217 and 3227 can control the temperature and voltage of the battery cells 3218 and 3228 and the connection circuits 32171 and 32271 based on the measurement results for controlling the temperature of the fluid. For example, the management circuit 3217 can control / use the connection circuit 32171 to convert the power of the battery cells 3218, each coupled to the shell electrodes 32181 and 32182, into heat for controlling the voltage and temperature of the battery cells 3218.

[0128] In some embodiments, the management circuit 3227 may control / use the connection circuit 32271 to convert the power of the battery cell 3228 into heat for controlling the voltage and temperature of the battery cell 3228. Therefore, when the management circuits 3217 and 3227 control the temperature of the connection circuits 32171 and 32271, the power of the battery cells 3218 and 3228 may be directly used to heat the fluid and the battery cells 3218 and 3228 to increase the temperature of the fluid. Therefore, due to the voltage control and temperature control functions of the management circuits 3217 and 3227, no additional heating equipment may be installed in the battery module 30. In addition, since the management circuits 3217 and 3227 and the connection circuits 32171 and 32271 may be installed in the battery housings 321 and 322 instead of being exposed outside the battery module 30, the possibility of component damage may be reduced, and the durability of the components may be improved.

[0129] Fig.14 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Fig.13A and Fig. 13B Circuit diagram of the illustrated battery cell 3218, management circuit 3217 and connection circuit 32171.

[0130] refer to Fig. 13B and Fig.14, in some embodiments, the connection circuit 32171 may further include one or more switches 32171a and a circuit heater 32171b. In some embodiments, the one or more switches 32171a may be coupled to the battery cell 3218, the management circuit 3217, and the circuit heater 32171b. In some embodiments, the management circuit 32171 may control the one or more switches 32171a to be turned on or off. In some embodiments, when the one or more switches 32171a are turned off by the management circuit 3217, the current of the battery cell 3218 may not flow through the circuit heater 32171b. Therefore, the circuit heater 32171b may not convert the power of the battery cell 3218 into heat. In some embodiments, when the one or more switches 32171a are turned on by the management circuit 3217, the current of the battery cell 3218 may flow through the circuit heater 32171b. Thus, the circuit heater 32171b can convert the power of the battery cell 3218 into heat to heat the battery cell 3218 and the fluid contained in the battery housing 321. In some embodiments, the circuit heater 32171b can be a heating copper wire.

[0131] In some embodiments, the connection circuit 32171 may further include an electrical safety device 32171c coupled to one or more switches 32171a and the circuit heater 32171b. In some embodiments, the electrical safety device 32171c may include a fusible metal wire or strip that melts or interrupts the circuit when the current exceeds a current threshold. Therefore, when the current of the circuit heater 32171b exceeds the current threshold, the electrical safety device 32171c can turn off the current to stop heating the fluid and the battery cell 3218.

[0132] In some embodiments, the connection circuit 32171 may further include a temperature sensor 32171d coupled to the management circuit 3217. The management circuit 3217 may control the temperature sensor 32171d to monitor the temperature of the fluid and the battery cell 3218.

[0133] Therefore, the power of the battery cell 3218 can be directly used to heat the fluid and the battery cell 3218. Due to the voltage control and temperature control functions of the management circuit 3217, it is not necessary to install additional heating equipment in the battery module 30. In addition, since the management circuit 3217 and one or more switches 32171a and circuit heaters 32171b of the connection circuit 32171 can be installed in the battery housing 321 without being exposed outside the battery module 30, the possibility of damaging the management circuit 3217 and the connection circuit 32171 can be reduced, and the durability of the management circuit 3217 and the connection circuit 32171 can be increased.

[0134] The embodiments shown and described above are merely examples. Many details are often found in the art. Therefore, many such details are neither shown nor described. Although many features and advantages of the present disclosure have been described in the foregoing description together with the details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is merely illustrative, and changes may be made in the details. It should therefore be understood that the above-described embodiments may be modified within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that: The battery module contains: a front cover, the front cover comprising a fluid inlet and one or more cover outlets, wherein the fluid inlet allows a fluid to flow into the battery module; and A battery housing connected to the front cover and having a receiving area for receiving a plurality of battery cells, the battery housing further comprising: a housing frame; and one or more inlet channels, each inlet channel receiving the fluid from the fluid inlet and passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: Each of the one or more entry channels comprises one or more entry A slit is formed to allow the fluid to flow into the receiving area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and Each of the one or more inlet channels is connected to the one or more At least one of the cover outlets is provided to allow the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The front cover further comprises a fluid outlet and one or more cover inlets, The battery housing further comprises one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, The receiving area is connected to the one or more outlet channels for the fluid to flow out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, Each of the one or more outlet channels comprises one or more outlet slits for the fluid to flow from the receiving area to at least a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels, and Each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets for the fluid to flow from the battery housing back to the front cover.

3. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further comprises: A rear cover, the rear cover comprising a fluid outlet and one or more cover inlets for the fluid to flow out of the battery module, wherein: The battery housing further comprises one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passing through the housing frame for the fluid to flow through the battery housing, The receiving area is connected to the one or more outlet channels for the fluid to flow out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, Each of the one or more outlet channels comprises one or more outlet slits for the fluid to flow from the receiving area to at least a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels, and Each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets to allow the fluid to flow from the battery housing to the rear cover.

4. The battery module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front cover has two or more cover outlets, and the two or more cover outlets have different sizes.

5. The battery module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The size of the one or more cover outlets may vary as the distance between the fluid inlet and the one or more cover outlets varies.

6. The battery module according to claim 3, wherein: The one or more exit slits include at least one lateral slit, and An angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

7. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: A flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet channels is perpendicular to a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the one or more inlet slits.

8. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more inlet slits include at least one lateral slit, and An angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

9. The battery module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The battery module further comprises: A battery holder connected to the housing frame and accommodating the plurality of battery cells, wherein: The battery support comprises a plurality of extension columns, and When the fluid flows through the at least one lateral slit, the plurality of extension posts guide the fluid to flow along a lateral direction.

10. The battery module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The battery housing further comprises: One or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passes through the housing frame to allow the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein a portion of the plurality of extension columns are adjacent to the one or more inlet channels, and other portions of the plurality of extension columns are adjacent to the one or more outlet channels.

11. The battery module according to claim 9, wherein: A battery support is used to support the plurality of battery cells together with the battery bracket, wherein a distance between the battery support and the plurality of extension columns is shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the plurality of extension columns.

12. A battery housing for installation in a battery module and accommodating a plurality of battery cells, characterized in that: The battery housing contains: a housing frame; a battery holder connected to the housing frame for accommodating the plurality of battery cells in a receiving area; and one or more inlet channels, each inlet channel extending through the housing frame for allowing a fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: The battery housing is connected to a front cover of the battery module, and the front cover includes one or more cover outlets. Each of the one or more inlet channels comprises one or more inlet slits for the fluid to flow into the receiving area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and Each of the one or more inlet channels is connected to at least a corresponding one of the one or more cover outlets to allow the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing.

13. The battery housing according to claim 12, wherein: The battery housing further comprises: one or more outlet channels, each outlet channel extending through the housing frame for allowing the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: The receiving area is connected to the one or more outlet channels for the fluid to flow out of a fluid outlet of the battery module, Each of the one or more outlet channels is connected to at least one corresponding one of the one or more cover inlets of the battery module for the fluid to flow from the battery housing to at least one of the front cover or a rear cover of the battery module, The one or more cover inlets are located in at least one of the front cover or the rear cover of the battery module, Each of the one or more outlet channels further comprises one or more outlet slits for the fluid to flow from the receiving area to a corresponding one of the one or more outlet channels and out of the fluid outlet of the battery module, The one or more exit slits include at least one lateral slit, and An angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

14. The battery housing according to claim 12, wherein: The one or more inlet slits include at least one lateral slit, and An angle formed between a lateral edge of the housing frame and a flow direction of the fluid flowing through the at least one lateral slit is an acute angle.

15. The battery housing according to claim 14, wherein: The battery housing further comprises: The battery holder includes a plurality of extension posts extending from an inner surface of the battery holder, and When the fluid flows through the at least one lateral slit, the plurality of extension posts guide the fluid to flow along a lateral direction.

16. The battery housing according to claim 15, characterized in that The battery housing further comprises: One or more outlet channels, each outlet channel passes through the housing frame to allow the fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein a portion of the plurality of extension columns are adjacent to the one or more inlet channels, and other portions of the plurality of extension columns are adjacent to the one or more outlet channels.

17. The battery housing according to claim 15, wherein: The battery housing further comprises: A battery support is used to support the plurality of battery cells together with the battery bracket, wherein a distance between the battery support and the plurality of extension columns is shorter than a distance threshold to prevent the fluid from flowing through the plurality of extension columns.

18. A battery module, characterized in that: The battery module contains: a front cover including one or more cover outlets; A battery housing, the battery housing accommodating a plurality of housing electrodes and having a receiving area for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery housing further comprising: a housing frame; and one or more inlet channels, each inlet channel extending through the housing frame for allowing a fluid to flow through the battery housing, wherein: Each of the one or more entry channels comprises one or more entry A slit is formed to allow the fluid to flow into the receiving area for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and Each of the one or more inlet channels is connected to the one or more at least one corresponding one of the cover outlets for the fluid to flow from the front cover into the battery housing; a first circuit mounted in the housing frame and electrically coupled to at least one of the plurality of housing electrodes; and A second circuit is installed in the housing frame and electrically coupled to the first circuit to control a temperature of the first circuit to control a temperature of the fluid.

19. The battery module according to claim 18, wherein: The second circuit includes one or more electrical connectors, which are exposed on the housing frame and are used to be coupled to an electrical connector of another second circuit.

20. The battery module according to claim 18, wherein: The second circuit is immersed in the fluid, and Electricity stored in at least one of the plurality of battery cells is converted into heat by the first circuit to increase the temperature of the fluid by controlling the temperature of the first circuit through the second circuit.

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