High-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator and a second radiator printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and a feed gap exists between the first radiator and the second radiator. According to the invention, two times of accurate impedance matching are realized through the first radiator, higher impedance bandwidth is realized, and the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna are improved. Besides, the first radiation patch of the first radiator adopts a trident-shaped design, so that a unique radiation mode and performance are provided for the antenna, and the gain and directivity of the antenna are improved. Through the specific layout of the first radiator and the second radiator, the uniform distribution of current in a working frequency band is realized, the antenna is endowed with an omnidirectional radiation characteristic, and the omnidirectional radiation characteristic is crucial to the communication of the unmanned aerial vehicle in various directions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and in particular relates to a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, drone antennas play an increasingly important role in drone systems. The performance of drone antennas is directly related to the communication quality, data transmission rate, and stability and reliability of the overall system. Under the current technological background, the design of drone antennas faces a series of challenges, including how to achieve wide bandwidth while ensuring high gain, and how to achieve miniaturization and efficient heat dissipation while meeting performance requirements. High gain can ensure the strength and penetration of drone signals, and maintain clear communication across long distances; wide bandwidth supports high-speed, unimpeded data flow of drones, meeting the growing demand for real-time information transmission.

[0003] At present, there are some limitations in the design of drone antennas. On the one hand, high-gain antennas often cannot provide ultra-wide bandwidth, which limits the communication capabilities and data transmission rates of drones in complex environments. On the other hand, although some ultra-wideband antenna designs exist, they often sacrifice gain, affecting communication distance and signal quality. In addition, drone antennas also need to have good heat dissipation performance and compact size to adapt to the lightweight and space constraints of drones.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention designs a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna, aiming to achieve a perfect combination of high gain and ultra-wide bandwidth, while having the characteristics of miniaturization and efficient heat dissipation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna The present invention is implemented as follows: a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator and a second radiator printed on the front of the dielectric substrate; a feeding gap exists between the first radiator and the second radiator; The first radiator is an integrated structure, which includes a first radiating patch, a second radiating patch, a third radiating patch, and a fourth radiating patch connected in sequence; The first radiation patch includes a first radiation branch, a second radiation branch, and a third radiation branch, and the third radiation branch is located in the middle of the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch; The second radiation patch and the fourth radiation patch both have a multi-level stepped structure; The third radiation patch is an isosceles trapezoidal patch, and its long bottom side faces the second radiation patch; The second radiator includes a fourth radiating branch, a fifth radiating branch, and a sixth radiating branch; the fourth radiating branch has the same structure as the sixth radiating branch, and is axially symmetrical about the length of the fifth radiating branch toward the central axis; Preferably, the first radiation branch node is an integrally formed structure, including a first sub-branch node, a second sub-branch node, and a third sub-branch node connected in sequence; the first sub-branch node is oriented away from the second radiation patch, and its structure is a right-angled triangle, with the hypotenuse oriented away from the third radiation branch node; the second sub-branch node is a rectangular structure, one long side of which coincides with the right-angled side of the first sub-branch node; the third sub-branch node is a rectangular structure, the long side of which is smaller than the long side of the second sub-branch node, and is located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch node; The second radiating branch node has the same structure as the first radiating branch node, and is axially symmetrical about the central axis in the length direction of the third radiating branch node; The third radiating branch is an integrally formed structure, including a top branch, a first rectangular branch, a second rectangular branch, and a connecting branch; the two sides of the connecting branch are respectively connected to the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch, the front end is connected to one end of the first rectangular branch, the other end of the first rectangular branch is connected to one end of the second rectangular branch, and the other end of the second rectangular branch is connected to the top branch; the top branch is triangular, and its tip faces forward; Preferably, the width of the first rectangular branch is greater than that of the second rectangular branch; Preferably, there is a gap between the first rectangular branch and the first radial branch and the second radial branch, and the first rectangular branch has the same length as the first sub-branch; Preferably, from the first radiation patch to the fourth radiation patch, the ratio of the width of each step of the multi-step structure of the second radiation patch is 5:3:2:1:5.

[0006] Preferably, in a direction from the first radiation patch to the fourth radiation patch, a ratio of widths of each step of the multi-step structure of the fourth radiation patch is 3:2:1.

[0007] Preferably, the fourth radial branch includes a side branch and a thin branch; the side branch is located on the outside, and both ends of the thin branch are connected to the side branch, and a rectangular gap is formed between the two; Preferably, the front end of the side branch is a quadrilateral, and the side thereof close to the first radiator forms an angle with a straight line along the width of the dielectric substrate.

[0008] Preferably, the side of the side branch close to the first radiator is parallel to the side waist side of the isosceles trapezoid of the third radiation patch.

[0009] Preferably, the fifth radiation branch is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch and the sixth radiation branch, and the front end thereof is aligned with the fourth radiation patch.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The present invention achieves two precise impedance matchings through the first radiator: the first matching is achieved through the fourth radiating patch to ensure a gradual transition of impedance from the feed point to the top of the antenna; the second matching is achieved through the second radiating patch to improve the efficiency of the antenna and the signal transmission quality. Through two impedance matchings, the patented antenna design achieves a higher impedance bandwidth, which means that the antenna can operate in a wider frequency range, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna.

[0011] In addition, the first radiation patch of the first radiator adopts a trident-shaped design, which provides the antenna with a unique radiation pattern and performance, and helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0012] The second radiator of the present invention is deployed transversely, which effectively reduces the longitudinal distribution, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna while maintaining the performance of the antenna, making the antenna more suitable for space-constrained UAV platforms.

[0013] Therefore, through the specific layout of the first radiator and the second radiator, uniform current distribution within the working frequency band is achieved, giving the antenna omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which is crucial for drone communications in various directions.

[0014] 2) The oblique radiating arm design between the second radiator and the first radiator of the present invention reduces the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiators by precisely controlling the distance and oblique angle between the two arms, which helps to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, improve the overall efficiency of the antenna, and improve the isolation of the antenna. This is of great significance for avoiding signal interference and improving communication quality.

[0015] In summary, the antenna of the present invention achieves high gain, wide bandwidth, omnidirectional radiation and high isolation while maintaining miniaturization, provides high-performance communication capabilities, and comprehensively improves the comprehensive performance of the drone antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is an S11 parameter diagram of the high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is the 2D radiation pattern of the high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Markings in the figure: 1. first radiator; 11. first radiating patch; 111. first radiating branch; 1111. first sub-branch; 1112. second sub-branch; 1113. third sub-branch; 112. second radiating branch; 113. third radiating branch; 1131. top branch; 1132. first rectangular branch; 1133. second rectangular branch; 1134. connecting branch; 12. second radiating patch; 13. third radiating patch; 14. fourth radiating patch; 2. second radiator; 21. fourth radiating branch; 211. side branch; 212. detail branch; 22. fifth radiating branch; 23. sixth radiating branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator 1 and a second radiator 2 printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate; there is a feeding gap between the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2; the width of the feeding gap is 3-4mm, and the gap is used to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiating arms and improve the antenna isolation.

[0023] The dielectric substrate material is FR-4, and the thickness is 0.6 mm.

[0024] The first radiator 1 is an integrated structure, which includes a first radiating patch 11, a second radiating patch 12, a third radiating patch 13, and a fourth radiating patch 14 connected in sequence from top to bottom; The first radiation patch 11 includes a first radiation branch 111, a second radiation branch 112, and a third radiation branch 113, wherein the third radiation branch 113 is located in the middle of the first radiation branch 111 and the second radiation branch 112; The first radiation branch 111 is an integrally formed trident structure, which gradually narrows from bottom to top, with a total length of 33-34 mm and a maximum width of 13-14 mm; specifically, it includes a first sub-branch 1111, a second sub-branch 1112, and a third sub-branch 1113 connected in sequence; The first sub-branch 1111 is oriented away from the second radiation patch 12, and its structure is a quasi-right triangle, with the hypotenuse oriented away from the third radiation branch 113; the quasi-right triangle hypotenuse of the first sub-branch 1111 presents two linear changes with different slopes: the angle of the first hypotenuse close to the second sub-branch 1112 (the angle with the horizontal line of the width of the dielectric substrate is 60-61°) is greater than the angle of the second hypotenuse (the angle with the horizontal line of the width of the dielectric substrate is 39-40°).

[0025] There is a nearly square radiating branch at the rear end of the radiating branch 11 .

[0026] The second sub-branch 1112 is a rectangular structure, one long side of which coincides with the right-angled side of the first sub-branch 1111 .

[0027] The third sub-branch 1113 is a rectangular structure, the long side of which is smaller than the long side of the second sub-branch 1112, and is located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch 1112; its length is 3-4 mm and its width is 3-4 mm.

[0028] The second radiation branch 112 has the same structure as the first radiation branch 111, and is axially symmetrical about the lengthwise central axis of the third radiation branch 113; the lengthwise central axis of the third radiation branch 113 is located on the central axis of the first radiation patch 11. The third radiation branch 113, the second radiation branch 112, and the first radiation branch 111 are rectangular with a length of 22-24 mm and a width of 1.5-1.7 mm.

[0029] The third radiating branch 113 is an integrally formed structure, including a top branch 1131, a first rectangular branch 1132, a second rectangular branch 1133, and a connecting branch 1134; the two sides of the connecting branch 1134 are respectively connected to the first radiating branch 111 and the second radiating branch 112, the front end is connected to one end of the first rectangular branch 1132, the other end of the first rectangular branch 1132 is connected to one end of the second rectangular branch 1133, and the other end of the second rectangular branch 1133 is connected to the top branch 1131; the top branch 1131 is an equilateral triangle with a side length of 5-6 mm, and its tip faces forward; The width of the first rectangular branch 1132 is greater than that of the second rectangular branch 1133 ; the width of the first rectangular branch 1132 is 1.5-1.6 mm, and the length is 2.2-2.3 mm; the length of the second rectangular branch 1133 is 23-24 mm, and the width is 2.8-3 mm.

[0030] There is a gap between the second rectangular branch 1133 and the first radial branch 111 and the second radial branch 112, and the second rectangular branch 1133 has the same length as the first sub-branch 1111; Both sides of the second radiation patch 12 are in a multi-step shape; The third radiation patch 13 is an isosceles trapezoidal patch with an upper side of 48-50 mm and a lower side of 27-28 mm, and its long bottom side faces the second radiation patch 12; Both sides of the fourth radiation patch 14 are multi-stepped, and its port facing the first radiator serves as a feeding input terminal; The first radiator 1 performs the first matching from the feeding point (i.e., the feeding gap) through the fourth radiation patch 14, and achieves a certain impedance matching by changing the patch width from bottom to top, wherein from bottom to top, the width of the lowest patch is taken as the standard, the minimum patch width is 3.024mm, and the ratio of the patch width is 1:2:3. The second impedance matching is performed at the middle end of the first radiator 1 through the second radiation patch 12, and from bottom to top, the width of the smallest patch in the middle is taken as the standard, the minimum patch width is 2mm, and the ratio of the patch width is 5:1:2:3:5, wherein the patch widths at the bottom and top are the same; The second radiator 2 is horizontally expanded to reduce the longitudinal distribution and reduce the size of the antenna. The width of the patch fed by the second radiator 2 is consistent with that of the first radiator 1, and the second radiator 2 includes a fourth radiating branch 21, a fifth radiating branch 22, and a sixth radiating branch 23. The fourth radiating branch 21 and the sixth radiating branch 23 have the same structure and are axially symmetrical about the length of the fifth radiating branch 22 to the central axis. An isosceles trapezoidal metal patch with an upper side of 48-49 mm and a lower side of 6-7 mm is provided on the lower edge of the fourth radiating branch 21, the fifth radiating branch 22, and the sixth radiating branch 23. The fourth radial branch 21 includes a side branch 211 and a thin branch 212; the side branch 211 is arranged outward, and its front end is a quadrilateral; both ends of the thin branch 212 are connected to the side branch 211, and a rectangular gap is formed between the two; the rectangular gap is 12-13mm long and 4-5mm wide; The side branch 211 is close to the third radiation patch 13, and the side close to the third radiation patch 13 is parallel to the side waist of the third radiation patch 13, the distance between the two is about 3-4 mm, and the oblique angle is 41°-43°, which reduces the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiators, expands the bandwidth, and improves the antenna efficiency; The detail 212 is located on the side of the fourth radiation patch 14; The fifth radiation branch 22 is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch 21 and the sixth radiation branch 23 , and its front end is aligned with the fourth radiation patch 14 , and the front end serves as a feeding input end.

[0031] In summary, the present invention achieves uniform current distribution within the working frequency band through the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2, so that the antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and achieves a higher impedance bandwidth of the antenna through two impedance matchings. In addition, this layout reduces the size of the antenna, and the gap between the two radiators reduces electromagnetic coupling, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

[0032] Figure 2 This is the S11 parameter diagram of the high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the antenna operates between 1.3 GHz and 1.5 GHz.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the 2D radiation pattern of the high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna proposed in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics, extremely low non-circularity, and a high gain of 2.2 dB.

[0034] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna, characterized in that It comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator (1) and a second radiator (2) printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate; a feeding gap exists between the first radiator (1) and the second radiator (2); The first radiator (1) is an integrally formed structure, comprising a first radiating patch (11), a second radiating patch (12), a third radiating patch (13), and a fourth radiating patch (14) which are connected in sequence; The first radiation patch (11) comprises a first radiation branch (111), a second radiation branch (112), and a third radiation branch (113), wherein the third radiation branch (113) is located in the middle of the first radiation branch (111) and the second radiation branch (112); The second radiation patch (12) and the fourth radiation patch (14) both have a multi-step structure; The third radiation patch (13) is an isosceles trapezoidal patch, with its long bottom side facing the second radiation patch (12); The second radiator (2) comprises a fourth radiating branch (21), a fifth radiating branch (22), and a sixth radiating branch (23); the fourth radiating branch (21) and the sixth radiating branch (23) have the same structure and are axially symmetrical about the length of the fifth radiating branch (22) towards the central axis.

2. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The first radiation branch node (111) is an integrally formed structure, comprising a first sub-branch node (1111), a second sub-branch node (1112), and a third sub-branch node (1113) connected in sequence; the first sub-branch node (1111) faces away from the second radiation patch (12), and its structure is a right-angled triangle, with the hypotenuse facing away from the third radiation branch node (113); the second sub-branch node (1112) is a rectangular structure, one of the long sides of which coincides with the right-angled side of the first sub-branch node (1111); the third sub-branch node (1113) is a rectangular structure, the long side of which is smaller than the long side of the second sub-branch node (1112), and is located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch node (1112); The second radiating branch node (112) has the same structure as the first radiating branch node (111), and is axially symmetrical about the central axis in the length direction of the third radiating branch node (113); The third radiating branch (113) is an integrally formed structure, comprising a top branch (1131), a first rectangular branch (1132), a second rectangular branch (1133), and a connecting branch (1134); the two sides of the connecting branch (1134) are respectively connected to the first radiating branch (111) and the second radiating branch (112), the front end is connected to one end of the first rectangular branch (1132), the other end of the first rectangular branch (1132) is connected to one end of the second rectangular branch (1133), and the other end of the second rectangular branch (1133) is connected to the top branch (1131); the top branch (1131) is a triangle with its tip facing forward.

3. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that The width of the first rectangular branch (1132) is greater than that of the second rectangular branch (1133).

4. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that There is a distance between the first rectangular branch (1132) and the first radial branch (111) and the second radial branch (112), and the first rectangular branch (1132) and the first sub-branch (1111) have the same length.

5. The high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that In a direction from the first radiation patch (11) to the fourth radiation patch (14), the ratio of the width of each step of the multi-step structure of the second radiation patch (12) is 5:3:2:1:

5.

6. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that In a direction from the first radiation patch (11) to the fourth radiation patch (14), the ratio of the width of each step of the multi-step structure of the fourth radiation patch (14) is 3:2:

1.

7. The high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The fourth radial branch (21) comprises a side branch (211) and a thin branch (212); the side branch (211) is located at the outside, and both ends of the thin branch (212) are connected to the side branch (211), and a rectangular gap is formed between the two.

8. The high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The front end of the side branch (211) is a quadrilateral, and the side close to the first radiator (1) forms an angle with the width straight line of the dielectric substrate.

9. A high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The side of the side branch (211) close to the first radiator (1) is parallel to the side waist edge of the isosceles trapezoid of the third radiating patch (13).

10. The high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The fifth radiation branch (22) is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch (21) and the sixth radiation branch (23), and its front end is aligned with the fourth radiation patch (14).

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