Antennas, antenna arrays, and electronic devices

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an antenna, an antenna array and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna of the present disclosure comprises a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit; the first antenna unit comprises a first phase adjustment structure and a first radiation structure, and the second antenna unit comprises a second phase adjustment structure and a second radiation structure; wherein a first feeding end of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected with the first radiation structure, and a first feeding end of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected with the second radiation structure; the feeding direction of the first feeding end of the first phase adjustment structure to the first radiation structure is a first direction, the feeding direction of the first feeding end of the second phase adjustment structure to the second radiation structure is a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are different.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an antenna, antenna array, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] A phase shifter, as a crucial component of an antenna, can be viewed as a delay line. By replacing the traditional solid substrate with a tunable dielectric material, a phase-variable phase shifter can be obtained. Liquid crystal is used here as a tunable dielectric material. A liquid crystal phase shifter is a type of phase-variable phase shifter. By applying voltages to the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal phase shifter to create overlapping capacitances, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material is changed, thus altering the phase constant of the electromagnetic wave on the device. This ultimately achieves the effect of adjusting the phase shift amount, thereby realizing the wavenumber scanning function of the antenna device. Currently, common liquid crystal antennas are only single-polarized, while dual-polarized antenna designs are very complex, requiring further consideration of the layout of phase-shifting units and wiring. Therefore, providing a simple and easily implemented dual-polarized antenna is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna, an antenna array, and an electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna, which includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element; the first antenna element includes a first phase adjustment structure and a first radiating structure, and the second antenna element includes a second phase adjustment structure and a second radiating structure; wherein, a first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiating structure, and a first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiating structure.

[0005] The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure feeds the first radiation structure in a first direction, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure feeds the second radiation structure in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are different.

[0006] Wherein, after the first antenna unit is rotated by a preset angle and then flipped 180°, the first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure coincides with the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure, and the first radiation structure coincides with the second radiation structure.

[0007] The antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, and the first phase adjustment structure and the second phase adjustment structure are disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate;

[0008] The orthographic projections of the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure onto the first dielectric substrate are respectively a first pattern and a second pattern, and at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the first phase adjustment structure onto the first dielectric substrate is located between the first pattern and the second pattern; or, at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the second phase adjustment structure onto the first dielectric substrate is located between the first pattern and the second pattern.

[0009] The antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other; the first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first tunable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a second tunable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

[0010] The method further includes a third dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer, and a second reference electrode layer;

[0011] The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate;

[0012] The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiation structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiation structure through the second opening.

[0013] The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second dielectric substrate.

[0014] The first radiating structure and the second radiating structure each include a first radiating part and a second radiating part; the antenna also includes a third dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer and a second reference electrode layer.

[0015] The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate;

[0016] The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiating part of the first radiating structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiating part of the second radiating structure through the second opening.

[0017] The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and the second reference electrode layer has a third opening and a fourth opening. The second feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiating part of the first radiating structure through the third opening, and the second feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiating part of the second radiating structure through the fourth opening.

[0018] The antenna further includes a third dielectric substrate, a fourth dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer, a second reference electrode layer, a first feed source, and a second feed source.

[0019] The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate;

[0020] The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiation structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiation structure through the second opening.

[0021] The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and the second reference electrode layer has a third opening and a fourth opening;

[0022] The fourth dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second reference electrode layer that is away from the first dielectric substrate;

[0023] The first feed source and the second feed source are disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate away from the second reference electrode layer, and the first feed source is electrically connected to the second feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure through the third opening, and the second feed source is electrically connected to the second feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure through the fourth opening.

[0024] Wherein, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0026] The antennas are divided into multiple first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction and multiple second antenna groups arranged side by side along a fourth direction. The antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along the fourth direction, and the antennas in the second antenna groups are arranged side by side along the third direction.

[0027] In the antennas arranged adjacent to each other in a third-party upward direction, the spacing between the first radiating structures is a first distance, the spacing between the second radiating structures is a second distance, and the first distance is equal to the second distance; and / or,

[0028] The spacing between the first radiating structures of the antennas arranged adjacent to each other in the fourth direction is the third distance, the spacing between the second radiating structures is the fourth distance, and the third distance is equal to the fourth distance.

[0029] The plurality of antenna elements are divided into a plurality of first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction, wherein the antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along the fourth direction; adjacent first antenna groups are staggered.

[0030] For two antennas arranged in the same order in adjacent first antenna groups, the distance between the two first radiating structures is the fifth distance, the distance between the two second radiating structures is the sixth distance, and the fifth distance is equal to the sixth distance.

[0031] The antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other; the first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, a fourth bias voltage line electrically connected to the fourth electrode, and a second adjustable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode;

[0032] The plurality of antenna elements are divided into a plurality of first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction, wherein the antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along the fourth direction;

[0033] The first electrode in each of the first antenna elements in the first antenna group is electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line, and the third electrode in each of the second antenna elements is connected to an independent third bias voltage line.

[0034] The second electrode in each of the first antenna elements in the first antenna group is electrically connected to an independent second bias voltage line, and the fourth electrode in each of the second antenna elements is connected to the same fourth bias voltage line.

[0035] The antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other; the first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, a fourth bias voltage line electrically connected to the fourth electrode, and a second adjustable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode;

[0036] The plurality of antenna elements are divided into a plurality of second antenna groups arranged side by side along a fourth direction, wherein the antennas in the second antenna group are arranged side by side along the third direction;

[0037] The first electrode in each of the first antenna elements in the second antenna group is electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line, and the third electrode in each of the second antenna elements is connected to an independent third bias voltage line.

[0038] The second electrodes in each of the first antenna elements in the second antenna group are electrically connected to independent second bias voltage lines, and the fourth electrodes in each of the second antenna elements are connected to the same fourth bias voltage line.

[0039] The second bias voltage lines that electrically connect the second electrode in the second antenna group and the third bias voltage lines that connect the third electrode are located on two opposite sides of the second antenna group in the fourth direction, and the trajectory of the second bias voltage lines matches the outer contour of each of the second radiating structures, and the trajectory of the third bias voltage lines matches the outer contour of each of the first radiating structures.

[0040] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device that includes the antenna array described in any of the preceding claims. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the antenna is a reflective antenna.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the antenna is a transmission antenna.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a top view of the first radiating structure / second radiating structure of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a polarization schematic diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another polarization of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another polarization of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the first radiating structure and the first phase-shifting unit of the antenna in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 11 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring for a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0056] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0059] Firstly, Figure 1 This is a top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown... Figure 1 As shown, this disclosure provides an antenna, specifically a dual-polarization antenna with different apertures, comprising a first antenna element 1 and a second antenna element 2. The first antenna element 1 includes a first phase adjustment structure 11 and a first radiating structure 12, and the second antenna element 2 includes a second phase adjustment structure and a second radiating structure 22. The first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the first radiating part and feeds the first radiating structure 12; the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the second radiating structure 22 and feeds the second radiating structure 22. In this disclosure embodiment, the first feed port 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 feeds the first radiating structure 12 in a first direction, and the first feed port 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 feeds the second radiating structure 22 in a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are different; that is, the first antenna element 1 in this disclosure embodiment implements one polarization direction, and the second antenna element 2 implements another polarization direction, thereby enabling the antenna of this disclosure embodiment to achieve dual polarization.

[0060] The antenna in this embodiment can be any one of a reflective antenna, a transmission antenna, and a phased array antenna. This will be described in detail below.

[0061] First example: Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the antenna is a reflective antenna; as shown Figure 2As shown, when the antenna is a reflective antenna, it includes not only the first antenna element 1 and the second antenna element 2 described above, but also a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a first reference electrode layer 50, and a second reference electrode layer 60. The first phase adjustment structure 11 and the second phase adjustment structure 21 are integrated between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. The first reference electrode layer 50 has a first opening 501 and a second opening 502, and the first reference electrode is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. The first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the first radiating structure 12 through the first opening 501, and the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the second radiating structure 22 through the second opening 502. The second reference electrode is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 facing away from the first dielectric substrate and serves as a reflective layer.

[0062] In this scenario, after receiving an electromagnetic wave, the first radiating structure 12 in the first antenna element 1 transmits the electromagnetic wave through the first opening 501 on the first reference electrode layer 50 to the first feed port 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11. The first phase adjustment structure 11 then modulates the electromagnetic wave to transmit it to the reflective layer. The reflective layer reflects the electromagnetic wave back to the first radiating structure 12, which then radiates the electromagnetic wave modulated by the first phase adjustment structure 11. Similarly, after receiving an electromagnetic wave, the second radiating structure 22 in the second antenna element 2 transmits the electromagnetic wave through the second opening 502 on the first reference electrode layer to the first feed port 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21. The second phase adjustment structure 21 then modulates the electromagnetic wave to transmit it to the reflective layer. The reflective layer reflects the electromagnetic wave back to the second radiating structure 22, which then radiates the electromagnetic wave modulated by the second phase adjustment structure 21.

[0063] Furthermore, the reflective antenna may also include a third dielectric substrate 30 and a fourth dielectric substrate 40. The third dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the first reference electrode layer 50 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and the fourth dielectric substrate 40 is disposed on the side of the second reference electrode layer 60 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. In this case, the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 can be disposed on the third dielectric substrate 30, for example, on the side of the third dielectric substrate 30 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 20. The second reference electrode layer 60 can be formed on the fourth dielectric substrate 40 and then bonded to the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0064] Second example: Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the antenna is a transmission antenna; as shown Figure 3As shown, this antenna is a transmission antenna, which includes not only a first antenna element 1 and a second antenna element 2, but also a first reference electrode layer 50, a second reference electrode layer 60, a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a third dielectric substrate 30, and a fourth dielectric substrate 40. Specifically, the first radiating structure 12 in the first antenna element 1 and the second radiating structure 22 in the second antenna element 2 can each include a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, and the second radiating portion in the second antenna element 2 can include a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion. A first phase adjustment structure 11 and a second phase adjustment structure 21 are integrated between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. The first reference electrode layer 50 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first reference electrode layer 50 has a first opening 501 and a second opening 502. The third dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the first reference electrode layer 50 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and the first radiating portion of the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating portion of the second radiating structure 22 are disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 30 facing away from the first reference electrode layer 50. The second reference electrode layer 60 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 20, and the second reference electrode layer 60 has a third opening 601 and a fourth opening 602. The fourth dielectric substrate 40 is disposed on the side of the second reference electrode layer 60 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second radiating portion of the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating portion of the second radiating structure 22 are both disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 40 facing away from the second reference electrode layer 60. The first feed port 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the first radiating portion of the first radiating structure 12 through the first opening 501, and the second feed port 113 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion of the first radiating structure 12 through the third opening 601. The first feed port 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the first radiating portion of the second radiating structure 22 through the second opening 502, and the second feed port 213 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion of the second radiating structure 22 through the fourth opening 602.

[0065] In this case, one of the first radiating part and the second radiating part of the first radiating structure 12 in the first antenna element 1 is used to receive electromagnetic waves, and the other is used to radiate electromagnetic waves. Similarly, one of the first radiating part and the second radiating part of the second radiating structure 22 in the second antenna element 2 is used to receive electromagnetic waves, and the other is used to radiate electromagnetic waves. Taking the first radiating part of the first radiating structure 12 and the first radiating part of the second radiating structure 22 as radiating electromagnetic waves, and the second radiating part of the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating part of the second radiating structure 22 as receiving electromagnetic waves as an example, the second radiating part of the first radiating structure 12 in the first antenna element 1 transmits the received electromagnetic waves through the third opening 601 to the second feed terminal 113 of the first phase adjustment structure 11. The first phase adjustment structure 11 modulates the electromagnetic waves by phase shifting, and then transmits them through its first feed port and the first opening 501 to the first radiating part of the first radiating structure 12 to radiate the electromagnetic waves. Similarly, the second radiating part of the second radiating structure 22 in the antenna unit shown in the figure transmits the received electromagnetic wave through the fourth opening 602 to the second feed port 213 of the second phase adjustment structure 21. The second phase adjustment structure 21 modulates the electromagnetic wave by phase shifting and then transmits it through its first feed port and the second opening 502 to the first radiating part of the second radiating structure 22 to radiate the electromagnetic wave.

[0066] The third example: Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the antenna is a phased array antenna; as shown Figure 4As shown, this antenna is a transmission antenna, which includes not only a first antenna element 1 and a second antenna element 2, but also a first reference electrode layer 50, a second reference electrode layer 60, a first feed source 13, a second feed source 23, a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 20, a third dielectric substrate 30, and a fourth dielectric substrate 40. A first phase adjustment structure 11 and a second phase adjustment structure 21 are integrated between the first dielectric substrates 10. The first reference electrode layer 50 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 opposite to the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first reference electrode layer 50 has a first opening 501 and a second opening 502. The third dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the first reference electrode layer 50 opposite to the second dielectric substrate 20, and the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 are disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 30 opposite to the first reference electrode layer 50. The second reference electrode layer 60 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 opposite to the second dielectric substrate 20, and the second reference electrode layer 60 has a third opening 601 and a fourth opening 602. A fourth dielectric substrate 40 is disposed on the side of the second reference electrode layer 60 opposite to the first dielectric substrate 10. Both the first feed source 13 and the second feed source 23 are disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 40 opposite to the second reference electrode layer 60. The first feed port 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the first radiation structure 12 through a first opening 501, and the second feed port 113 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 is electrically connected to the first feed source 13 through a third opening 601. The first feed port 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the second radiation structure 22 through a second opening 502, and the second feed port 213 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 is electrically connected to the second feed source 23 through a fourth opening 602.

[0067] In this configuration, the first feed source 13 feeds electromagnetic waves through the third opening 601 into the second feed port 113 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 of the first antenna element 1. After being phase-modulated by the first phase adjustment structure 11, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the first feed port and the first opening 501 to the first radiating structure 12, where they are radiated. Similarly, the second feed source 23 feeds electromagnetic waves through the fourth opening 602 into the second feed port 213 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 of the second antenna element 2. After being phase-modulated by the second phase adjustment structure 21, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the first feed port and the second opening 502 to the second radiating structure 22, where they are radiated.

[0068] In some examples, both the first phase adjustment structure 11 and the second phase adjustment structure 21 in the embodiments of this disclosure can be phase shifters, such as liquid crystal phase shifters. Specifically, the first phase adjustment structure 11 may include a first transmission unit, a second transmission unit, and a first phase shifting unit 111 connected between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit. The second phase adjustment structure 21 may include a third transmission unit, a fourth transmission unit, and a second phase shifting unit 211 connected between the third transmission unit and the fourth transmission unit.

[0069] The first phase-shifting unit 111 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 includes a first electrode 1111, a second electrode 1112, and a first adjustable dielectric layer 1113. The first electrode 1111 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 near the second dielectric substrate 20, the second electrode 1112 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 near the first dielectric substrate 10, and the first adjustable dielectric layer 1113 is disposed between the first electrode 1111 and the second electrode 1112. The second phase-shifting unit 211 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 includes a third electrode 2111, a fourth electrode 2112, and a second adjustable dielectric layer 2113. The third electrode 2111 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 near the second dielectric substrate 20, the fourth electrode 2112 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 near the first dielectric substrate 10, and the second adjustable dielectric layer 2113 is disposed between the third electrode 2111 and the fourth electrode 2112. When the first phase adjustment structure 11 and the second phase adjustment structure 21 are liquid crystal phase shifters, both the first adjustable dielectric layer 1113 and the second adjustable dielectric layer 2113 are liquid crystal layers, and at this time the first adjustable dielectric layer 1113 and the second adjustable dielectric layer 2113 can be an integral structure.

[0070] Taking the first electrode 1111 layer in the first phase-shifting unit 111 as an example, which includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line arranged side by side, and the second electrode 1112 layer as an example, which includes multiple first patch electrodes arranged side by side along the extension direction of the first transmission line / second transmission line. Both the first and second transmission units can be power dividers, for example, baluns. In this case, the main path of the first transmission unit serves as the first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11, and the two branches are respectively connected to the first and second transmission lines. The main path of the second transmission line serves as the second feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure 11, and the two branches are respectively connected to the first and second transmission lines. Similarly, the third electrode 2111 layer in the second phase-shifting unit 211 can also include a first transmission line and a second transmission line arranged side by side, and the second electrode 1112 layer can include multiple first patch electrodes arranged side by side along the extension direction of the first and second transmission lines. Both the third and fourth transmission units can employ a 1-to-2 power divider. For example, if the third and fourth transmission units use a balun, the main path of the third transmission unit serves as the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21, and the two branches are respectively connected to the first transmission line and the second transmission line. The main path of the second transmission line serves as the second feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure 21, and the two branches are respectively connected to the first transmission line and the second transmission line.

[0071] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this disclosure, the film structure of the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 can be the same, which facilitates the preparation and arrangement.

[0072] Furthermore, in the first phase adjustment structure 11, the first electrode 1111 is biased by a first bias voltage line 114, and the second electrode 1112 is biased by a second bias voltage line 115. The first bias voltage line 114 can be disposed on the side of the first electrode 1111 closest to the first dielectric substrate 10 and directly connected to the first electrode 1111. The second bias voltage line 115 can be disposed on the side of the second electrode 1112 closest to the second dielectric substrate 20. Of course, a first insulating layer 70 is also provided on the side of the layer containing the first electrode 1111 and the third electrode 2111 closest to the liquid crystal layer, and a second insulating layer 80 is also provided on the side of the layer containing the second electrode 1112 and the fourth electrode 2112 closest to the liquid crystal layer.

[0073] In some examples, Figure 5 This is a top view of the first radiating structure 12 / second radiating structure 22 of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, both the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 can be radiating patches, single-unit sub-antennas, etc. In this embodiment, taking the use of radiating patches for both the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 as an example, the radiating patch can take various shapes such as square, rhombus, butterfly, hexagon, circle, and ring to provide polarities with different properties and performance. In this embodiment, only a square shape for both the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 is used as an example.

[0074] Furthermore, the length and width of the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 are both 0.1λ to 1λ; λ is the wavelength of the operating frequency. The first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 can be single-layer conductive structures or composite film structures. For example, both the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 are formed by stacking a substrate and a conductive film layer.

[0075] In some examples, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the polarization of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another polarization of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another polarization of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown Figure 6-8 As shown, if the antenna has a quadrilateral outline, the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 can be respectively positioned at two opposite corners. In this case, one can be obtained by rotating and folding the other. (Refer to...) Figure 1 For example, after the first antenna element 1 is rotated by a preset angle and then flipped 180°, the first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 in the first antenna element 1 coincides with the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 in the second antenna element 2, and the first radiating part in the first antenna element 1 and the second radiating part in the second antenna element 2 coincide. Specifically, taking the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to each other as an example, refer to... Figure 1 At this time, the first antenna element 1 rotates 90° counterclockwise and then flips 180°. The first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 in the first antenna element 1 coincides with the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 in the second antenna element 2. The first radiating part in the first antenna element 1 and the second radiating part in the second antenna element 2 coincide.

[0076] In some examples, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase-shifting unit 111 of the antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 9As shown, the first phase-shifting unit 111 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 in the first antenna unit 1 can be placed parallel, perpendicular, oblique, or bent relative to the first radiating structure 12 to achieve electrical connection between the first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 and the first radiating structure 12. Similarly, the second phase-shifting unit 211 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 in the second antenna unit 2 can be placed parallel, perpendicular, oblique, or bent relative to the second radiating structure 22 to achieve electrical connection between the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 and the second radiating structure 22.

[0077] Furthermore, the relative positions of the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase-shifting unit 111 in the first antenna element 1 can be the same as the relative positions of the second radiating structure 22 and the second phase-shifting unit 211 in the second antenna element 2, for example: referring to Figure 1 In the first antenna element 1, the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase-shifting unit 111 are arranged in parallel relative to each other. Similarly, in the second antenna element 2, the second radiating structure 22 and the second phase-shifting unit 211 are also arranged in parallel relative to each other. For example: Figure 10 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 10 As shown, the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase-shifting unit 111 of the first antenna element 1 are arranged at an angle relative to each other, and the second radiating structure 22 and the second phase-shifting unit 211 of the second antenna element 2 are also arranged at an angle relative to each other. The relative positions of the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase-shifting unit 111 of the first antenna element 1 can also differ from the relative positions of the second radiating structure 22 and the second phase-shifting unit 211 of the second antenna element 2. For example: Figure 11 This is a top view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown Figure 11 As shown, the first radiating structure 12 and the first phase shifting unit 111 of the first antenna unit 1 are arranged in parallel relative to each other, and the second radiating structure 22 and the second phase shifting unit 211 of the second antenna unit 2 are also arranged at an angle relative to each other.

[0078] In some examples, the antenna includes not only the structures described above, but also a first dielectric substrate 10 and a second dielectric substrate 20 disposed opposite each other, with a first phase adjustment structure 11 and a second phase adjustment structure 21 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20. The orthographic projections of the first radiating structure 12 and the second radiating structure 22 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 are respectively a first pattern and a second pattern, and at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the first phase adjustment structure 11 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 lies between the first pattern and the second pattern; or, at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the second phase adjustment structure 21 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 lies between the first pattern and the second pattern. In this case, it can help to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0079] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna array comprising a plurality of the aforementioned antenna elements. The antenna array in this disclosure will be described below with reference to the specific arrangement of the antennas in the antenna array.

[0080] In the following examples, after rotating the first antenna element 1 by a preset angle and then flipping it 180°, the first feed terminal 112 of the first phase adjustment structure 11 in the first antenna element 1 coincides with the first feed terminal 212 of the second phase adjustment structure 21 in the second antenna element 2. The first radiating part in the first antenna element 1 and the second radiating part in the second antenna element 2 coincide. The first radiating structure 12 and the first phase shifting unit 111 of the first antenna element 1 are arranged relatively parallel. The second radiating structure 22 and the second phase shifting unit 211 in the second antenna element 2 are also arranged relatively parallel.

[0081] First example: Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 12 As shown, multiple antennas are divided into multiple first antenna groups 100 arranged side-by-side along a third direction, and multiple second antenna groups 200 arranged side-by-side along a fourth direction. The antennas in the first antenna groups 100 are arranged side-by-side along the fourth direction, and the antennas in the second antenna groups 200 are arranged side-by-side along the third direction. The spacing between the first radiating structures 12 of adjacent antennas arranged in the third direction is a first distance d1, and the spacing between the second radiating structures 22 is a second distance d2, with the first distance d1 equal to the second distance d2. Alternatively, the spacing between the first radiating structures 12 of adjacent antennas arranged in the fourth direction can be a third distance d3, and the spacing between the second radiating structures 22 can be a fourth distance d4, with the third distance d3 equal to the fourth distance d4. This arrangement allows for a compact antenna arrangement, facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna array.

[0082] Second example: Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array as shown in the second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as follows: Figure 3 As shown, multiple antenna elements are divided into multiple first antenna groups 100 arranged side-by-side along a third direction, and the antennas in the first antenna group 100 are arranged side-by-side along a fourth direction; adjacent first antenna groups 100 are staggered; for two antennas in adjacent first antenna groups 100 with the same arrangement order, the distance between the two first radiating structures 12 is a fifth distance d5, and the distance between the two second radiating structures 22 is a sixth distance d6, and the fifth distance d5 is equal to the sixth distance d6. This arrangement makes the antennas densely arranged, which facilitates the miniaturization of the antenna array.

[0083] In some examples, the first bias voltage line 114 connected to the first electrode 1111 of each first antenna element 1 in the antenna array and the third bias voltage line 214 connected to the third electrode 2111 of the second antenna element 2 can be arranged on the same layer or on separate layers. Similarly, the second bias voltage line 115 connected to the second electrode 1112 of each first antenna element 1 in the antenna array and the fourth bias voltage line 215 connected to the fourth electrode 2112 of the second antenna element 2 can be arranged on the same layer or on separate layers.

[0084] When the first bias voltage line 114 connected to the first electrode 1111 of each first antenna element 1 in the antenna array and the third bias voltage line 214 connected to the third electrode 2111 of the second antenna element 2 can be arranged on the same layer, and the second bias voltage line 115 connected to the second electrode 1112 of each first antenna element 1 in the antenna array and the fourth bias voltage line 215 connected to the fourth electrode 2112 of the second antenna element 2 can be arranged on the same layer, the following wiring method can be used to reduce the wiring in the antenna array. In the wiring example below, only the individual antennas in the antenna array are used... Figure 12 The arrangement shown is an example.

[0085] First example: Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring of a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 14 As shown, the first electrode 1111 in each first antenna unit 1 of the first antenna group 100 is electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line 114, and the third electrode 2111 in each second antenna unit 2 is connected to an independent third bias voltage line 214; the second electrode 1112 in each first antenna unit 1 of the first antenna group 100 is electrically connected to an independent second bias voltage line 115, and the fourth electrode 2112 in each second antenna unit 2 is connected to the same fourth bias voltage line 215.

[0086] Second example: Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring of a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 15 In the second antenna group 200, the first electrode 1111 of each first antenna unit 1 is electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line 114, and the third electrode 2111 of each second antenna unit 2 is connected to an independent third bias voltage line 214; the second electrode 1112 of each first antenna unit 1 in the second antenna group 200 is electrically connected to an independent second bias voltage line 115, and the fourth electrode 2112 of each second antenna unit 2 is connected to the same fourth bias voltage line 215.

[0087] The third example: Figure 16This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array wiring of a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 16 The example shown is largely the same as the second example, except that the second bias voltage lines 115 of the second electrode 1112 and the third bias voltage line 214 of the third electrode 2111 in the second antenna group 200 are located on opposite sides of the second antenna group 200 in the fourth direction, and the trajectory of the second bias voltage line 115 matches the outer contour of each second radiating structure 22, while the trajectory of the third bias voltage line 214 matches the outer contour of each first radiating structure 12. In other words, both the second bias voltage line 115 and the third bias voltage line 214 are broken lines.

[0088] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device that includes the antenna array described above.

[0089] The antenna array provided in this embodiment further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antennas in the antenna array can function as either transmitting or receiving antennas. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the communication system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0090] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0091] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0092] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0093] In some examples, the antenna array provided in this disclosure embodiment further includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying the signal.

[0094] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized antenna, comprising a first antenna element and a second antenna element; the first antenna element comprising a first phase adjustment structure and a first radiating structure, and the second antenna element comprising a second phase adjustment structure and a second radiating structure; wherein, The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiation structure, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiation structure. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure feeds the first radiation structure in a first direction, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure feeds the second radiation structure in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are different. It also includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first phase adjustment structure and the second phase adjustment structure are disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; The orthographic projections of the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure onto the first dielectric substrate are respectively a first pattern and a second pattern, and at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the first phase adjustment structure onto the first dielectric substrate is located between the first pattern and the second pattern. Alternatively, at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the second phase adjustment structure onto the first dielectric substrate is located between the first pattern and the second pattern; after the first antenna unit is rotated by a preset angle and then flipped 180°, the first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure coincides with the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure, and the first radiating structure coincides with the second radiating structure.

2. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a second adjustable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

3. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein, It also includes a third dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer, and a second reference electrode layer; The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate; The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiation structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiation structure through the second opening. The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second dielectric substrate.

4. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein, Both the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure include a first radiating part and a second radiating part; the antenna also includes a third dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer and a second reference electrode layer; The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate; The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiating part of the first radiating structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiating part of the second radiating structure through the second opening. The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and the second reference electrode layer has a third opening and a fourth opening. The second feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiating part of the first radiating structure through the third opening, and the second feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiating part of the second radiating structure through the fourth opening.

5. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The antenna further includes a third dielectric substrate, a fourth dielectric substrate, a first reference electrode layer, a second reference electrode layer, a first feed source, and a second feed source; The third dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate; The first reference electrode layer is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first reference electrode layer has a first opening and a second opening. The first feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the first radiation structure through the first opening, and the first feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure is electrically connected to the second radiation structure through the second opening. The second reference electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, and the second reference electrode layer has a third opening and a fourth opening; The fourth dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the second reference electrode layer that is away from the first dielectric substrate; The first feed source and the second feed source are disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate away from the second reference electrode layer, and the first feed source is electrically connected to the second feed terminal of the first phase adjustment structure through the third opening, and the second feed source is electrically connected to the second feed terminal of the second phase adjustment structure through the fourth opening.

6. The dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

7. An antenna array comprising a plurality of dual-polarized antennas as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The antenna array according to claim 7, wherein, The multiple antennas are divided into multiple first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction, and multiple second antenna groups arranged side by side along a fourth direction. The antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along the fourth direction, and the antennas in the second antenna groups are arranged side by side along the third direction. In the antennas arranged adjacent to each other in the third direction, the spacing between the first radiating structures is a first distance, the spacing between the second radiating structures is a second distance, and the first distance is equal to the second distance; And / or, The spacing between the first radiating structures of the antennas arranged adjacent to each other in the fourth direction is the third distance, the spacing between the second radiating structures is the fourth distance, and the third distance is equal to the fourth distance.

9. The antenna array according to claim 7, wherein, The multiple antenna elements are divided into multiple first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction, and the antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along a fourth direction; adjacent first antenna groups are staggered. For two antennas arranged in the same order in the first antenna group that are adjacent to each other, the distance between the two first radiating structures is the fifth distance, the distance between the two second radiating structures is the sixth distance, and the fifth distance is equal to the sixth distance.

10. The antenna array according to claim 7, wherein, The first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, a fourth bias voltage line electrically connected to the fourth electrode, and a second adjustable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; The plurality of antenna elements are divided into a plurality of first antenna groups arranged side by side along a third direction, wherein the antennas in the first antenna groups are arranged side by side along a fourth direction; The first electrodes in each of the first antenna elements in the first antenna group are electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line, and the third electrodes in each of the second antenna elements are respectively connected to independent third bias voltage lines. The second electrode in each of the first antenna elements in the first antenna group is electrically connected to an independent second bias voltage line, and the fourth electrode in each of the second antenna elements is connected to the same fourth bias voltage line.

11. The antenna array according to claim 7, wherein, The first phase adjustment structure includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, and a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode; the second phase adjustment structure includes a third electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a fourth electrode disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first dielectric substrate, a fourth bias voltage line electrically connected to the fourth electrode, and a second adjustable dielectric layer located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; The plurality of antenna elements are divided into a plurality of second antenna groups arranged side by side along a fourth direction, wherein the antennas in the second antenna group are arranged side by side along a third direction; The first electrode in each of the first antenna elements in the second antenna group is electrically connected to the same first bias voltage line, and the third electrode in each of the second antenna elements is connected to an independent third bias voltage line. The second electrodes in each of the first antenna elements in the second antenna group are electrically connected to independent second bias voltage lines, and the fourth electrodes in each of the second antenna elements are connected to the same fourth bias voltage line.

12. The antenna array according to claim 11, wherein, The second bias voltage lines that electrically connect the second electrode in the second antenna group and the third bias voltage lines that connect the third electrode are located on two opposite sides of the second antenna group in the fourth direction, and the trajectory of the second bias voltage lines matches the outer contour of each of the second radiating structures, and the trajectory of the third bias voltage lines matches the outer contour of each of the first radiating structures.

13. An electronic device comprising the antenna array of any one of claims 7-12.

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