Movable drip irrigation device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable drip irrigation device and method, and relates to the technical field of irrigation, the movable drip irrigation device is characterized in that a supporting pipe is transversely arranged at the top of a triangular bracket, and a thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly and a central controller are fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe; one end of the supporting pipe away from the submersible pump is connected with the driving wheel; a movable drip irrigation main pipe is arranged below the supporting pipe, one end of the movable drip irrigation main pipe is communicated with the submersible pump, and the side wall of the movable drip irrigation main pipe is communicated with a plurality of patch type drip irrigation belts. The device is relatively small in overall size, has high adaptability, can adapt to the situation that the water yield of a single well is small in the north, and meanwhile can accurately irrigate crops according to the drought situation of the crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of irrigation technology, and in particular to a mobile drip irrigation device and method. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa, known for its high yield, high quality and strong adaptability, has become one of the important feed sources for animal husbandry, especially in the north, where its planting area is huge. Irrigation is a key factor affecting alfalfa yield. Due to the scarcity of precipitation and water resources in the north, the implementation of water-saving irrigation technology has become an important strategy to ensure the sustainable development of alfalfa. The yield of alfalfa is closely related to the amount of irrigation water. If the irrigation is insufficient or untimely, the growth of alfalfa yield will be seriously inhibited.

[0003] In the prior art, the center pivot sprinkler has been widely used in the field of alfalfa irrigation. Its main advantage is that the equipment can be invested once and quickly, and the alfalfa can be irrigated directly during irrigation.

[0004] However, the above technology cannot determine the water shortage situation of the crops to be irrigated, resulting in the inability to control the irrigation device to accurately irrigate the crops according to the water shortage situation of the crops. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a mobile drip irrigation device and method, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the irrigation device cannot be controlled to accurately irrigate crops according to the water shortage of crops.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile drip irrigation device, comprising: a triangular bracket, a support pipe is transversely arranged on the top of the triangular bracket, the triangular bracket is rotatably connected to the support pipe, a thermal infrared camera and a temperature sensor assembly and a central controller are fixedly arranged on the support pipe; one end of the support pipe away from the triangular bracket is connected to a driving wheel; a mobile drip irrigation pipe is arranged below the support pipe, one end of the mobile drip irrigation pipe is connected to a submersible pump, and a plurality of patch-type drip irrigation belts are connected to the side wall of the mobile drip irrigation pipe; the central controller is used to receive temperature data of leaves and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and the temperature sensor assembly, and input the pre-processed temperature data of leaves and air temperature into a drought stress index model to obtain a drought stress index; compare the drought stress index with a database storing drought stress indexes of crops of different varieties in different regions and judge whether the crops are short of water; when the crops are short of water, input the drought stress index into an irrigation amount model and a driving wheel moving speed model respectively, and obtain the irrigation amount of drip irrigation of the crops using the plurality of patch-type drip irrigation belts and the moving speed of the driving wheel on the ground.

[0007] Furthermore, the irrigation volume model is formulated as follows:

[0008]

[0009] Among them, Q is the crop water flow rate on the irrigation area controlled by a single device, CWSI is the crop drought stress index; ET p is the potential evapotranspiration; A is the area of ​​irrigation controlled by a single device; t is the designed daily irrigation time; η p is the field irrigation water utilization coefficient.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving wheel moving speed model is formulated as follows:

[0011]

[0012] Among them, V is the moving speed of the driving wheel during operation, m is the designed water quota, and b is the length of the support pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the mobile drip irrigation device also includes: a triangular bracket detachably arranged above the wellhead of the water well, and the top of the triangular bracket is connected to an end of the support pipe away from the driving wheel.

[0014] Furthermore, the mobile drip irrigation device also includes: a pressure differential fertilization tank, and the pressure differential fertilization tank is detachably arranged above the support pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of the patch-type drip irrigation belts are arranged on the side wall of the mobile drip irrigation main pipe at a distance of 0.5 meters.

[0016] Furthermore, the detected temperature data of the blades and air temperature are transmitted to the central controller via a wireless gateway.

[0017] Furthermore, the support pipe and the mobile drip irrigation main pipe are fixed via a connecting device, and the connecting device is a binding type fixing belt.

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile drip irrigation method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The temperature data of leaves and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly are collected; the pre-processed temperature data of leaves and air temperature are input into the drought stress index model to obtain the drought stress index and judge the water shortage of crops; when the crops are short of water, the drought stress index is input into the irrigation volume model and the driving wheel movement speed model respectively to obtain the irrigation volume for drip irrigation of crops using multiple patch-type drip irrigation belts and the movement speed that can drive the driving wheel to move on the ground.

[0020] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile drip irrigation device and method, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] The central controller receives the temperature data of the leaves and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and the temperature sensor assembly, inputs the pre-processed temperature data of the leaves and air temperature into the drought stress index model to obtain the drought stress index and judge the water shortage of the crop. When the crop is short of water, the drought stress index is respectively input into the irrigation volume model and the driving wheel moving speed model to obtain the irrigation volume of the crop using multiple patch-type drip irrigation belts and the moving speed of the driving wheel on the ground. The crop water shortage is judged according to the drought stress index, and the irrigation volume for drip irrigation and the moving speed of the driving wheel are obtained according to the drought stress index. The drip irrigation device can be controlled according to the water shortage and drought situation of the crop, so that the controlled drip irrigation device can accurately irrigate the crop. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A technical flow chart provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A database application diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a mobile drip irrigation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A front view of a mobile drip irrigation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A partial detail diagram of a mobile drip irrigation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1-triangular bracket, 2-submersible pump, 3-central controller, 4-support pipe, 5-connecting device, 6-mobile drip irrigation main pipe, 7-patch drip irrigation belt, 8-pressure difference fertilization tank, 9-thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly, 10-driving wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] See also Figure 3 to Figure 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile drip irrigation device, comprising:

[0031] A support pipe 4 is disposed transversely on the top of the triangular support 1, the triangular support 1 is rotatably connected to the support pipe 4, a thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly 9 and a central controller 3 are fixedly disposed on the support pipe 4; one end of the support pipe 4 away from the triangular support 1 is connected to a driving wheel 10. A mobile drip irrigation pipe 6 is disposed below the support pipe 4, one end of the mobile drip irrigation pipe 6 is connected to the submersible pump 2, and a plurality of patch-type drip irrigation belts 7 are connected to the side wall of the mobile drip irrigation pipe 6.

[0032] The central controller 3 is used to receive the temperature data of leaves and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly 9, and pre-process the temperature data of leaves and air temperature through the crop growth database and the soil property database, and input the pre-processed temperature data of leaves and air temperature into the drought stress index model to obtain the drought stress index and judge the water shortage of crops. When the crops are short of water, the drought stress index is input into the irrigation volume model and the driving wheel 10 movement speed model respectively to obtain the irrigation volume of crops drip irrigated using multiple patch-type drip irrigation belts 7 and the movement speed of the driving wheel 10 on the ground.

[0033] 1. Alfalfa planting requirements.

[0034] It is necessary to plant in a circular orientation, with a planting area of ​​30-40 mu. Every 50 cm in the radial direction, 2-3 cm of open space is reserved for the moving position of the patch-type drip irrigation belt 7.

[0035] 2. Water source and head.

[0036] Select the water output between 20-30m 3 / h water well; use a submersible pump 2, install an iron triangular bracket 1 at the wellhead, the height from the ground is 1.5m, and it is detachable; add fertilization equipment such as a differential pressure fertilization tank 8 according to the fertilization situation; select different filtration combination modes according to the sediment content in the water. When the sediment content in the water is low, a combination of a screen filter and a laminated filter can be selected.

[0037] 3. Move the drip irrigation part.

[0038] (1) Support pipe 4: A steel pipe with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 80-100 m is connected to the triangular bracket 1 on one side and to the driving wheel 10 on the other side as a supporting cross pipe. The wires connected to the driving wheel 10 pass through the cross pipe.

[0039] (2) Mobile drip irrigation main pipe 6: A main pipe with a diameter of 0.3 m is suspended 0.1 m below the steel pipe, one side of which is connected to the water pump outlet and the other side is blocked. The support pipe 4 is fixed to the mobile drip irrigation main pipe 6 by a connecting device 5.

[0040] (3) Patch-type drip irrigation tape 7: With the water source as the center, the patch-type drip irrigation tape 7 is connected to the mobile drip irrigation main pipe 6. The length starts from 0.5m, and a patch-type drip irrigation tape 7 is connected every 50cm. As the distance increases, the length of each patch-type drip irrigation tape 7 also increases by 0.5m. There are 40-100 patch-type drip irrigation tapes 7 in total. The longest patch-type drip irrigation tape 7 is about 15m, and the distance between the irrigation heads on the drip irrigation tape is 0.3m.

[0041] (4) Driving wheel 10: height 0.5m, equipped with a speed adjustable device to adjust the walking speed.

[0042] The present invention is aimed at groundwater with a water yield of 20m 3 / h-30m 3 / h area, a small (control area within 100 mu) self-rotating small irrigation equipment is built, and the drip irrigation belt is connected from the center of the circle to the outside, and the drip irrigation belt gradually increases from 0.5m to 15m. In addition, alfalfa should be planted in a circle, and 2cm-3cm is reserved every 50cm in the radial direction to allow the drip irrigation belt to move inside to prevent the drip irrigation belt from being misplaced.

[0043] 4. Precision irrigation control system.

[0044] (1) A thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly 9 is placed in the middle of the support tube 4 to collect temperature information of the alfalfa canopy in real time and transmit it to the central controller 3 through a wireless gateway. A differential pressure fertilization tank 8 is detachably arranged above the support tube 4.

[0045] (2) The central controller 3 calculates the crop water stress index CWSI (Crop Water Stress Index) in real time, and establishes a function of the CWSI index, irrigation volume and drip irrigation movement speed.

[0046] (3) The central controller 3 controls the solenoid valve and speed adjustment switch to perform irrigation and drip irrigation. The technical process of the system is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0047] 5. Irrigation control methods.

[0048] (1) Data collection.

[0049] 1) Crop canopy temperature and local air temperature. The thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly 9 placed in the middle of the support tube 4 are used to collect alfalfa canopy temperature data and local air temperature in real time, convert the collected data into analog-to-digital data, and transmit them to the data management module. The temperature collection system consists of a thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly 9, and a data transmission and management module.

[0050] 2) Meteorological data. A fully automatic meteorological monitoring system is set up in an open area 500 meters around the farmland to collect meteorological data. The system can transmit the monitored data in real time through the built-in wireless module, and the data processing terminal further organizes and processes the meteorological data. The fully automatic meteorological monitoring system is mainly composed of several key components such as meteorological parameter sensors, wireless transmission modules, data acquisition and processing modules, and solar batteries.

[0051] (2) Establish a database.

[0052] 1) Crop parameter database. The established crop growth parameter database records the growth characteristics of various crops in detail and contains diversified information. This information covers the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area of ​​major crops in different climate zones, as well as the performance of crop growth and root growth under the most suitable and extreme temperature conditions. In addition, the database also includes the highest and lowest crop yield data, as well as key agricultural parameters such as the most suitable irrigation amount. The parameters are derived from statistical yearbooks, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science.

[0053] 2) Meteorological parameter database. The meteorological data set mainly covers multiple parameters such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, total rainfall, solar irradiance, wind speed, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. These data are mainly collected by the fully automatic meteorological monitoring system within 500 meters around the farmland and the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Platform. Figure 2 shown.

[0054] (3) Calculation of water volume and driving wheel speed.

[0055] 1) Aerodynamic drag.

[0056]

[0057] Where: r a is the aerodynamic resistance, in s / m; γ is the hygrometer constant; T c is the alfalfa canopy temperature, in °C; T a is the local temperature in °C; R n is the net radiation value of the surface, in W / m 2 ; ρ is the air density, unit is kg / m 3 ; C p It is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, with the unit of J / (kg·℃).

[0058] 2) Alfalfa canopy resistance.

[0059]

[0060] Where: r cis the crop canopy resistance, in s / m; R n is the net radiation value of the surface, in W / m 2 ; ρ is air density, unit is kg / m3; C p is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, in J / (kg·℃), generally 1013J / (kg·℃); γ is the hygrometer constant; r a is the aerodynamic resistance, in s / m; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve; T c is the alfalfa canopy temperature, in °C; T a is the local temperature in °C; VPD is the saturated air difference in KPa.

[0061] 3) Hygrometer constant.

[0062]

[0063] Where: γ is the hygrometer constant; r cp The crop layer resistance under the condition of sufficient water supply under potential evaporation and transpiration, the unit is s / m, generally 50-70s / m; r a is the aerodynamic resistance, measured in s / m.

[0064] 4) Crop drought stress index.

[0065]

[0066] Where: CWSI is the crop drought stress index; γ is the hygrometer constant; r a is the aerodynamic resistance, in s / m; r c is the crop canopy resistance, unit is s / m; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve.

[0067] 5) Potential evapotranspiration.

[0068]

[0069] Where: ET p It is the reference evaporation volume, in mm day -1 ; R n is the net radiation on the crop surface, in MJ m - 2 day -1 ; G is soil heat flux, unit is MJ m -2 day -1 ; T is the air temperature at a height of 2m, in °C; U2 is the wind speed at a height of 2m, in ms -1 ;e s is the saturated water vapor pressure, in kPa; e ais the actual water vapor pressure, in kPa; e s -e a is the saturated water vapor pressure difference, in kPa; Δ is the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, in kPa·℃ -1 ; γ is the hygrometer constant.

[0070] 6) Amount of watering.

[0071]

[0072] Where: Q is the crop water flow rate on the irrigation area controlled by a single device, in m 3 / h; CWSI is crop drought stress index; ET p is the potential evapotranspiration, in mm; A is the irrigation area controlled by a single device, in hm 2 ; t is the design daily irrigation time, in hours, selected as 20-22 hours; η p is the field irrigation water utilization coefficient.

[0073] 7) Equipment moving speed.

[0074]

[0075] Where: V is the moving speed of the driving wheel 10 during operation, in m / h; m is the designed irrigation quota, in mm; b is the row frame length, in m; CWSI is the crop drought stress index; ET p is the potential evapotranspiration, in mm; A is the irrigation area controlled by a single device, in hm 2 .

[0076] (4) Description of irrigation decisions for mobile drip irrigation.

[0077] In order to monitor the alfalfa canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature in real time, a thermal infrared camera and a temperature sensor assembly 9 are arranged on the steel pipe. Through these devices, these important temperature data can be obtained in real time. These data will be converted into analog and digital, and the converted data will be connected to the wireless transmission module by the sensor, and the wireless transmission module is responsible for sending these data to the data management module in real time. In the data management module, these incoming data are deeply processed by constructing a crop growth database and a soil property database. The processed data will be transmitted to the data operation module. In this module, the system will calculate the current crop drought stress index CWSI value based on the processed data, and the CWSI value is an important basis for judging the water shortage of crops. After obtaining the CWSI value, it is transmitted to the decision module. In the decision module, the system will judge the water shortage of crops according to the CWSI value, and then decide whether to irrigate the crops. If necessary, it will also judge the irrigation amount and the moving speed of the driving wheel 10. These decision results will finally be transmitted to the control module, and the control module will perform digital-to-analog conversion, and then complete the control of the submersible pump 2 and the driving wheel 10 according to these data. This entire process ensures that accurate irrigation decisions can be made based on real-time data to ensure that alfalfa can receive real-time water replenishment throughout its entire growth period.

[0078] This study aims to target the northern region, especially the single well water yield of 20-30m 3 / h, and suitable for growing alfalfa, a low-cost and high-efficiency irrigation and planting technology is proposed. The main technical challenges include the low water use efficiency and high energy consumption of the sprinkler irrigation system, and the easy blockage and damage of the drip irrigation system and its high cost. This study combines the advantages of sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, implements a mobile drip irrigation strategy, and relies on canopy mobile infrared telemetry technology to estimate water shortage indicators. The functional relationship between water shortage indicators and irrigation volume and sprinkler movement speed is constructed, thereby achieving precise irrigation control.

[0079] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile drip irrigation method, comprising the following steps: collecting temperature data of leaves and air temperature detected by a thermal infrared camera and a temperature sensor assembly; inputting the preprocessed temperature data of leaves and air temperature into a drought stress index model to obtain a drought stress index and judge the water shortage of crops; when the crops are short of water, inputting the drought stress index into an irrigation amount model and a driving wheel moving speed model respectively, and obtaining the irrigation amount of crops drip-irrigated using multiple patch-type drip irrigation belts and the moving speed capable of driving the driving wheel to move on the ground.

[0080] A specific embodiment is as follows:

[0081] Continuous field experiments were conducted in the science and technology park of a university in a certain city in 2022 and 2023. The experimental site has a typical mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature, precipitation, evaporation and sunshine hours of 6.6℃, 379mm, 439mm and 1688h respectively. The soil texture is clay soil, and the average soil bulk density within 0-100cm is 1.60g·cm -3 , the field water holding capacity is 20.23% (volume water content).

[0082] Large pointer sprinklers use artificial rainfall to irrigate, requiring about 25 cubic meters of water per mu, with high energy consumption and low water utilization efficiency. In addition, this method will also lead to large water drift losses, and the uniformity of irrigation is difficult to ensure. On the other hand, if drip irrigation is chosen, although its irrigation efficiency is high, the equipment is easily damaged, and the cost of laying pipes for multiple times is high. The average investment per mu in the first year alone is as high as 1,500-2,200 yuan, and in each subsequent year, it is necessary to invest about 100 yuan per mu to replace the drip irrigation belt. The above problems can be significantly avoided by adopting mobile drip irrigation technology. Combined with infrared thermal imaging camera technology, the water shortage of alfalfa is assessed in real time, and automatic water replenishment is carried out accordingly. It is expected that this method can control the water consumption per mu to about 18 cubic meters each time and bring about a yield increase of about 10%. In addition, this technology also helps to reduce the annual demand for investment in drip irrigation pipes, and its service life is estimated to exceed 30 years. Subsequent maintenance mainly focuses on the replacement of vulnerable parts, so the cost required is extremely limited.

[0083] Table 1 Comparison of crop yield, irrigation volume and per-mu investment under different irrigation methods.

[0084]

[0085] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A mobile drip irrigation device, characterized in that: include: A triangular bracket (1), wherein a support tube (4) is transversely arranged on the top of the triangular bracket (1), the triangular bracket (1) is rotatably connected to the support tube (4), and a thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly (9) and a central controller (3) are fixedly arranged on the support tube (4); the support tube (4) is connected to a driving wheel (10) at one end away from the triangular bracket (1); A mobile drip irrigation main pipe (6) is provided below the support pipe (4); one end of the mobile drip irrigation main pipe (6) is connected to the submersible pump (2); and a plurality of patch-type drip irrigation belts (7) are connected to the side wall of the mobile drip irrigation main pipe (6); The central controller (3) is used to receive the temperature data of leaves and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly (9), and input the pre-processed temperature data of leaves and air temperature into a drought stress index model to obtain a drought stress index; compare the drought stress index with a database storing drought stress indexes of crops of different varieties in different regions and determine whether the crops are short of water; when the crops are short of water, input the drought stress index into an irrigation volume model and a driving wheel movement speed model respectively to obtain the irrigation volume of the crops drip-irrigated using a plurality of the patch-type drip irrigation belts (7) and the movement speed of the driving wheel (10) on the ground.

2. A mobile drip irrigation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation volume model is formulated as follows: Among them, Q is the crop water flow rate on the irrigation area controlled by a single device, CWSI is the crop drought stress index; ET p is the potential evapotranspiration; A is the area of ​​irrigation controlled by a single device; t is the designed daily irrigation time; η p is the field irrigation water utilization coefficient.

3. A mobile drip irrigation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The driving wheel moving speed model is formulated as follows: Wherein, V is the moving speed of the driving wheel (10) during operation, m is the designed irrigation quota, and b is the length of the support pipe (4).

4. A mobile drip irrigation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile drip irrigation device further comprises: a triangular support (1) which is detachably arranged above the wellhead of the water well, and the top of the triangular support (1) is connected to an end of the support pipe (4) away from the driving wheel (10).

5. The mobile drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile drip irrigation device further comprises: a pressure differential fertilization tank (8), wherein the pressure differential fertilization tank (8) is detachably arranged above the support pipe (4).

6. A mobile drip irrigation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of patch-type drip irrigation belts (7) are arranged on the side wall of the mobile drip irrigation main pipe (6) at a distance of 0.5 meters.

7. The mobile drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detected temperature data of the blades and air temperature are transmitted to the central controller via a wireless gateway.

8. The mobile drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support pipe (4) and the mobile drip irrigation main pipe (6) are fixed via a connecting device (5), and the connecting device (5) is a binding type fixing belt.

9. A mobile drip irrigation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect temperature data of blades and air temperature detected by the thermal infrared camera and temperature sensor assembly; The pre-processed leaf and air temperature data are input into the drought stress index model to obtain the drought stress index and determine the water shortage of crops; When crops are short of water, the drought stress index is input into the irrigation amount model and the driving wheel moving speed model respectively to obtain the irrigation amount of the crops drip irrigated using multiple patch-type drip irrigation belts and the moving speed that can drive the driving wheel to move on the ground.

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