Walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and discloses a walnut derivative capable of enhancing an immune function and a preparation method thereof, walnut kernels are subjected to pulping, centrifugal treatment and purification treatment, convenience is provided for subsequent processing treatment aiming at different components, resources are fully utilized, then enzymolysis is performed, and the quality of the walnut derivative is improved. According to the walnut derivative, active peptides in walnut protein are released through scientific proportioning and an enzymolysis treatment process, the walnut derivative is obtained through centrifugation, enzyme deactivation treatment, concentration, homogeneous emulsification, sterilization and freeze drying, and the walnut derivative can be directly and rapidly absorbed by a human body, is rich in nutrition, has the functions of enhancing the immunity of the human body, resisting aging and oxidation and recovering fatigue, and can be used for preparing the walnut derivative. And the product has the advantages of good stability, high bioavailability, good solubility and good stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The immune system is a self-defense system that helps humans stay healthy and avoid various diseases. It has the ability to resist the invasion of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, remove damaged, degenerated, and aging cells in the body, remove metabolic waste in the body, and maintain a stable internal environment. With the improvement of human living standards, health products with immune regulation have attracted more and more attention. Walnut, also known as walnut and Qiangtao, is a plant of the Juglandaceae family. It is known as the world's famous "four major dried fruits" along with almonds, cashews, and hazelnuts. Walnuts have high nutritional and medicinal value. In addition to being rich in protein and other carbohydrates, they also contain a variety of trace elements and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron that are essential to the human body, as well as a variety of vitamins such as carotene and riboflavin. They have the effects of replenishing qi and blood, moistening dryness and reducing phlegm, warming the lungs and moistening the intestines, and can enhance brain activity and memory.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of science and technology, walnut deep processing has been further developed, and various walnut derivatives have attracted wide attention. Walnut oil has high medical and use value. It can enhance human immunity, lower cholesterol, improve memory, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. A large amount of walnut residue is discarded after walnut oil production. Walnut residue is used as raw material to develop walnut peptides. The raw materials are very rich and low-priced, which can meet large-scale industrial production and reduce the waste of resources. Among them, walnut peptides obtained by hydrolyzing walnut protein in walnuts under specific conditions have gradually attracted attention. Walnut peptides not only retain the nutritional essence of walnuts, but also improve biological activity. They have multiple physiological functions such as enhancing immunity, promoting blood circulation, and anti-oxidation. However, the preparation methods and formulas of walnut peptides on the market are not optimized enough, making it difficult to give full play to the potential of walnut peptides.

[0004] Therefore, developing walnut derivatives that can enhance immune function has important practical value. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function and a preparation method thereof. The walnut derivative has high activity and good effect of enhancing immunity.

[0006] (II) Technical solution In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function, comprising the following steps: Step (1), mixing walnut kernels and purified water evenly, grinding to obtain walnut slurry; Step (2), centrifuging the walnut slurry to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase respectively; Step (3), taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.5-9, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.5-5, centrifuging, and washing with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a walnut protein solution; Step (4), adjusting the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation, performing a first enzymolysis, and after the enzymolysis is completed, adjusting the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation, performing a second enzymolysis, and after the enzymolysis is completed, obtaining an enzymolysis solution; Step (5), centrifuging the enzymatic hydrolysate at a rate of 5000-6000 r / min, taking the supernatant, filtering it through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, and then performing enzyme inactivation, concentration, homogenization and emulsification, sterilization, and freeze-drying to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0007] Preferably, the specific steps of step (1) are as follows: walnut kernels and purified water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 100:150-350, and the mixture is ground for 5-8 minutes, and filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue, and the walnut residue is ground for a second time, and the mass ratio of the walnut residue to purified water is 100:120-180, and filtered to obtain walnut slurry.

[0008] Preferably, the centrifugal treatment rate in step (2) is 3000-4000 r / min, and the centrifugal treatment time is 10-15 min.

[0009] Preferably, in step (3), sodium bicarbonate solution is used to adjust the pH to 8.5-9, and acetic acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.

[0010] Preferably, the centrifugal speed in step (3) is 4500-6000 r / min, and the centrifugal time is 5-8 min.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature of the first enzymatic hydrolysis in step (4) is 40-50° C., and the time of the first enzymatic hydrolysis is 5-8 h.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature of the second enzymatic hydrolysis in step (4) is 50-60° C., and the time of the second enzymatic hydrolysis is 1-3 h.

[0013] Preferably, the enzyme preparation for the first enzymatic hydrolysis in step (4) consists of tannase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0014] Preferably, the enzyme preparation for the second enzymatic hydrolysis in step (4) consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0015] Preferably, in step (4), the pH is adjusted to 7.5 using one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the pH is adjusted to 4.5 using one or more of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature of the enzyme inactivation treatment in step (5) is 95-105° C., and the time of the enzyme inactivation treatment is 30-60 min.

[0018] Preferably, the freeze-drying temperature in step (5) is -35°C.

[0019] The invention discloses a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function, prepared by the method for preparing the walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function.

[0020] 3. Beneficial technical effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) In the present invention, the walnut kernel is firstly ground, and the walnut slurry is centrifuged to separate the different components therein, which provides convenience for the subsequent processing of different components and makes full use of resources. After separation, the dissolution and release of walnut protein can be promoted by adjusting the pH and heating and stirring, thereby improving the extraction efficiency. Through scientific proportioning and enzymatic treatment technology, the active peptides in the walnut protein are released to obtain walnut derivatives. These active peptides have rich nutritional functions and physiological regulation functions, can improve immunity, and can also promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

[0021] (2) The enzymatic hydrolysis treatment in the present invention can break the macromolecular chain of walnut protein into small molecular peptide segments, thereby improving its solubility and stability. The walnut protein peptide segments after enzyme treatment have better biological activity and functionality, and the utilization rate of walnut protein is greatly improved. Various nutrients in walnut derivatives are degraded to generate nutritious walnut peptides that can be quickly absorbed by the human body, which have the functions of enhancing human immunity, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, and fatigue recovery. Walnut derivatives are rich in a variety of ingredients with immunomodulatory functions. Walnut peptides can significantly improve human immunity and enhance the body's ability to resist diseases. The product has good stability, high bioavailability, good solubility and stability, and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by the human body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials or chemical reagents used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0024] Example 1 A method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:150 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 5 min. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:120. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 3000 r / min for 10 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase respectively; (3) Taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.5 with a sodium bicarbonate solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.5 with an acetic acid solution, centrifuging, the centrifugation rate is 4500 r / min, the centrifugation time is 5 min, washing with anhydrous ethanol, and obtaining a walnut protein solution; (4) Using sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the first enzymolysis, the temperature of the first enzymolysis is 40°C, the time of the first enzymolysis is 5 hours, the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tanninase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, using hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the second enzymolysis, the temperature of the second enzymolysis is 50°C, the time of the second enzymolysis is 1 hour, the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (5) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 5000 r / min, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, and then the enzyme is inactivated at a temperature of 95° C. for 30 min. The hydrolysate is concentrated, homogenized, emulsified, sterilized, and freeze-dried at -35° C. to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0025] Example 2 A method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:210 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 6 minutes. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:150. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 3500 r / min for 12 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase, and a heavy phase; (3) Taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.8 with sodium bicarbonate solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.8 with acetic acid solution, centrifuging, the centrifugation rate is 4800r / min, the centrifugation time is 6min, washing with anhydrous ethanol, and obtaining a walnut protein solution; (4) Using sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the first enzymolysis, the temperature of the first enzymolysis is 45°C, the time of the first enzymolysis is 6 hours, the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tanninase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, using hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the second enzymolysis, the temperature of the second enzymolysis is 55°C, the time of the second enzymolysis is 1.5 hours, the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (5) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 5500 r / min, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, and then the enzyme is inactivated at a temperature of 100° C. for 40 min. The hydrolysate is concentrated, homogenized, emulsified, sterilized, and freeze-dried at -35° C. to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0026] Example 3 A method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:300 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 7 minutes. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:160. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 3800 r / min for 14 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase, and a heavy phase; (3) Taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.5 with a sodium bicarbonate solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.8 with an acetic acid solution, centrifuging, the centrifugation rate is 4800 r / min, the centrifugation time is 7 min, washing with anhydrous ethanol, and obtaining a walnut protein solution; (4) Using sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the first enzymolysis, the temperature of the first enzymolysis is 45°C, the time of the first enzymolysis is 7 hours, the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tanninase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, using hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the second enzymolysis, the temperature of the second enzymolysis is 55°C, the time of the second enzymolysis is 2.5 hours, the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (5) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 5800 r / min, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, followed by enzyme inactivation at a temperature of 100° C. for 50 min, concentration, homogenization and emulsification, sterilization, and freeze-drying at -35° C. to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0027] Example 4 A method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:350 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 8 minutes. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:180. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 4000 r / min for 15 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase respectively; (3) Taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 9 with sodium bicarbonate solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 5 with acetic acid solution, centrifuging, the centrifugation rate is 6000r / min, the centrifugation time is 8min, washing with anhydrous ethanol, and obtaining a walnut protein solution; (4) Using sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the first enzymolysis, the temperature of the first enzymolysis is 50° C., the time of the first enzymolysis is 8 hours, the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tannin and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, using hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation to perform the second enzymolysis, the temperature of the second enzymolysis is 60° C., the time of the second enzymolysis is 3 hours, the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1, after the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (5) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 6000 r / min, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, followed by enzyme inactivation at a temperature of 105° C. for 60 min, concentration, homogenization and emulsification, sterilization, and freeze-drying at -35° C. to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing a walnut derivative comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:300 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 7 minutes. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:160. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 3800 r / min for 14 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase, and a heavy phase; (3) taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 7.5 with sodium carbonate, adding an enzyme preparation, and performing the first enzymolysis. The temperature of the first enzymolysis is 45°C, the time of the first enzymolysis is 7 hours, and the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tanninase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1. After the enzymolysis is completed, adjusting the pH to 4.5 with hydrochloric acid, adding an enzyme preparation, and performing the second enzymolysis. The temperature of the second enzymolysis is 55°C, the time of the second enzymolysis is 2.5 hours, and the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:1. After the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (4) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 5800 r / min, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, followed by enzyme inactivation at a temperature of 100° C. for 50 min, concentration, homogenization and emulsification, sterilization, and freeze-drying at -35° C. to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing a walnut derivative comprises the following steps: (1) walnut kernels and purified water in a mass ratio of 100:300 were mixed evenly, and the grinding process was performed for 7 minutes. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue. The walnut residue was subjected to secondary grinding. The mass ratio of walnut residue to purified water was 100:160. The mixture was filtered to obtain walnut pulp. (2) The walnut slurry was centrifuged at a rate of 3800 r / min for 14 min to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase, and a heavy phase; (3) Taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.5 with a sodium bicarbonate solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.8 with an acetic acid solution, centrifuging, the centrifugation rate is 4800 r / min, the centrifugation time is 7 min, washing with anhydrous ethanol, and obtaining a walnut protein solution; (4) The walnut protein solution and the enzyme preparation are mixed evenly and subjected to enzymolysis. The enzymolysis temperature is 55° C., the enzymolysis time is 9.5 h, the enzyme preparation is cellulase, and after the enzymolysis is completed, an enzymolysis solution is obtained; (5) The enzymatic hydrolysate is centrifuged at a rate of 5800 r / min, the supernatant is collected, filtered through a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da, concentrated, homogenized, emulsified, sterilized, and freeze-dried at -35°C to obtain a walnut derivative.

[0030] The performance tests of the walnut derivatives prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were performed as follows: (1) The method for determining the content of peptides is as follows: GB / T 22492 The method for determining the content of peptides in soybean peptide powder. The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Project Testing Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Peptide content (wt%) 89.5 92.2 93.7 91.5 58.0 49.1 It can be seen from the test results in Table 1 that the walnut derivatives corresponding to Examples 1-4 of the present invention have high peptide content and excellent activity.

[0031] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that all equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1), mixing walnut kernels and purified water evenly, grinding to obtain walnut slurry; Step (2), centrifuging the walnut slurry to obtain an oil phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase respectively; Step (3), taking the intermediate phase, adjusting the pH to 8.5-9, heating and stirring, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, adjusting the pH to 4.5-5, centrifuging, and washing with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a walnut protein solution; Step (4), adjusting the pH of the walnut protein solution to 7.5, adding an enzyme preparation, performing a first enzymolysis, and after the enzymolysis is completed, adjusting the pH to 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation, performing a second enzymolysis, and after the enzymolysis is completed, obtaining an enzymolysis solution; Step (5), centrifuging the enzymatic hydrolysate, taking the supernatant, filtering, inactivating the enzyme, concentrating, homogenizing and emulsifying, sterilizing, and freeze-drying to obtain a walnut derivative.

2. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step (1) are as follows: walnut kernels and purified water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 100:150-350, and the mixture is ground for 5-8 minutes, filtered to obtain walnut pulp and walnut residue, and the walnut residue is ground for a second time, the mass ratio of the walnut residue to purified water is 100:120-180, and filtered to obtain walnut pulp.

3. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal treatment rate in step (2) is 3000-4000 r / min, and the centrifugal treatment time is 10-15 min.

4. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), sodium bicarbonate solution is used to adjust the pH to 8.5-9, and acetic acid solution is used to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.

5. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal speed in step (3) is 4500-6000 r / min, and the centrifugal time is 5-8 min.

6. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the temperature of the first enzymolysis is 40-50°C, the time of the first enzymolysis is 5-8h, the temperature of the second enzymolysis is 50-60°C, and the time of the second enzymolysis is 1-3h; the enzyme preparation for the first enzymolysis consists of tannase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the enzyme preparation for the second enzymolysis consists of cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:

1.

7. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the pH is adjusted to 7.5 by selecting one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate; the pH is adjusted to 4.5 by selecting one or more of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid.

8. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the enzyme inactivation treatment in step (5) is 95-105° C., and the time of the enzyme inactivation treatment is 30-60 min.

9. The method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The freeze-drying temperature in step (5) is -35°C.

10. A walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function prepared by the method for preparing a walnut derivative capable of enhancing immune function according to any one of claims 1 to 9.