Transmission lubricating oil composition as well as preparation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a transmission lubricating oil composition as well as preparation and application thereof. The transmission lubricating oil composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-0.5 part of a phosphorus-containing agent; 0.4 to 1.5 parts of a thiocarboxylic ester additive; 0.3 to 0.6 part of an antioxidant; 1.0 to 2.0 parts of an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion additive; 1.25 to 1.95 parts of a clearing agent; 1.5 to 2.5 parts of an ashless dispersant; 0.005 to 0.03 part of an anti-foaming agent; and the balance of base oil. The phosphorus-containing agent is triphenyl thiophosphate; and the thiocarboxylate additive is dialkyl thiodicarboxylate or dialkyl dithiodicarboxylate. According to the lubricating oil composition, the triphenyl thiophosphate and the thiocarboxylate additive are compounded, the prepared lubricating oil composition shows excellent high extreme pressure property and excellent copper corrosion protection performance, FZG (A10 / 16.6 R / 90) reaches grade 12 or above, meanwhile, the FZG (A10 / 16.6 R / 90) can reach grade 1 in a long-period copper sheet corrosion test (150 DEG C, 168 h), the abrasion loss of an FE8 bearing test is smaller than 1 mg, and the lubricating oil composition is suitable for lubrication of an integrated electric drive axle of a commercial vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a transmission lubricating oil composition and the preparation and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the adjustment of energy structure, new energy vehicles will become the mainstream direction of the development of the automobile industry. In the field of commercial vehicles, electric drive axles, as the core powertrain of pure electric logistics vehicles and public buses, have developed rapidly. The latest drive motors, gear reducers and controllers have been highly integrated, that is, electric drive axles. The electric drive axle is the power system and transmission system of new energy vehicles. It has the functions of providing power for the whole vehicle, bearing loads, reducing speed, increasing torque and ensuring the differential speed of the left and right wheels. The integrated electric drive axle has the advantages of compact structure, high transmission efficiency and low cost. Unlike passenger cars, commercial vehicles face heavy loads and long-cycle operation conditions. Therefore, the lubricant used in the gearbox of the integrated electric drive axle needs not only good electrochemical properties, but also high load-bearing capacity, so as to provide good wear protection for bearings and gears. Considering the copper parts inside the drive axle and long-term use, the oil is also required to have excellent copper sheet corrosion inhibition, oxidation stability and sediment control capabilities, so as to effectively protect the copper parts in the motor. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to improve the electrochemical performance, load-bearing capacity, bearing protection performance, oxidation stability and sediment control ability of the lubricating oil, so as to make it suitable for the lubrication of the gearbox of the integrated electric drive axle of commercial vehicles, the embodiment of the present invention provides a transmission lubricating oil composition, which can effectively lubricate and protect the key components such as the motor, reducer, drive half shaft, rigid axle housing and wheel hub bearing in the electric drive axle, and effectively extend the oil change cycle.

[0004] As a first aspect of the present invention, it relates to a transmission lubricating oil composition, which comprises, by weight:

[0005] Phosphorus-containing agent: 0.1-0.5 parts; thiocarboxylate additive: 0.4-1.5 parts; antioxidant: 0.3-0.6 parts; antioxidant and anticorrosion additive: 1.0-2.0 parts; detergent: 1.25-1.95 parts; ashless dispersant: 1.5-2.5 parts; antifoaming agent: 0.005-0.03 parts; base oil: balance;

[0006] The phosphorus-containing agent is triphenyl thiophosphate (TPPT);

[0007] The thiocarboxylate additive is a dialkyl thiodicarboxylate or a dialkyl dithiodicarboxylate.

[0008] In one or some optional embodiments, the thiocarboxylate additive has the following general structural formula:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, R1 is a straight-chain butyl group or a straight-chain octyl group, R2 is at least one of a 1,3-cyclohexyl group, a 1,4-cyclohexyl group and a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2.

[0011] In one or some optional embodiments, the thiocarboxylate additive is at least one of di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl dithiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl monothiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl dithiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl dithiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), and di-n-octyl dithiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate.

[0012] In one or some optional embodiments, the mass ratio of triphenyl thiophosphate to thiocarboxylate additive is (0.2-0.4):1, preferably 0.25:1.

[0013] In one or some optional embodiments, the antioxidant is a mixture of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine.

[0014] In one or some optional embodiments, the mass ratio of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, and dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine is 1:(0.2~0.5):(0.2~0.5).

[0015] In one or some optional embodiments, the antioxidant and anti-corrosion additives are a mixture of T202 and T205.

[0016] In one or some optional embodiments, the mass ratio of T202 to T205 is (1-3):1, preferably 1:1.

[0017] In one or some optional embodiments, the ashless dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide having a molecular weight greater than 3,000.

[0018] In one or some optional embodiments, the base oil is a mixture of a PMA-type viscosity index improver, poly-alpha-olefin and API III mineral base oil.

[0019] In one or some optional embodiments, the poly-alpha-olefin is a PAO100 base oil or an mPAO65 base oil.

[0020] In one or some optional embodiments, the kinematic viscosity of the API III mineral base oil is 3 to 10 cSt.

[0021] In one or some optional embodiments, the detergent is at least one of calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate having a base number (ie, TBN) greater than 300 and magnesium sulfonate having a base number greater than 400.

[0022] In one or some optional embodiments, the anti-foaming agent is a polyacrylate anti-foaming agent with a molecular weight of 60,000.

[0023] In one or some optional embodiments, the composition comprises, by weight:

[0024] Phosphorus-containing agent: 0.2-0.5 parts;

[0025] Thiocarboxylate additive: 0.8-1.5 parts;

[0026] Antioxidant: 0.4-0.6 parts;

[0027] Antioxidant and anticorrosion additives: 1.0-1.6 parts;

[0028] Detergent: 1.45-1.95 parts;

[0029] Ashless dispersant: 1.5-2.0 parts;

[0030] Antifoaming agent: 0.01-0.03 parts;

[0031] Base oil: Balance.

[0032] As a second aspect of the present invention, it relates to a method for preparing the above-mentioned transmission lubricating oil composition, which comprises:

[0033] Add the phosphorus-containing agent, thiocarboxylate additive, antioxidant, antioxidant and anti-corrosion additive, detergent, ashless dispersant, anti-foaming agent and base oil into a container according to the proportion, and mix at 50-60° C. for 2 hours until all components are evenly dissolved.

[0034] As a third aspect of the present invention, it relates to the use of the transmission lubricant oil composition in an integrated electric drive axle of a commercial vehicle.

[0035] The present invention compounds triphenyl thiophosphate with thiocarboxylate. Since the thiocarboxylate molecule has an ester group with high activity, it has a good adsorption effect on the metal surface, which is beneficial to improving the high-temperature lubricity of the oil product. The compounding of the two can ensure that the ratio of sulfur and phosphorus elements reaches a reasonable level, avoids the corrosion and wear problems caused by the use of sulfided isobutylene in traditional lubricating oils, improves the extreme pressure and anti-wear performance and thermal stability of the lubricating oil composition, and reduces the corrosion to copper materials.

[0036] The present invention adopts a mixture of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, thiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine as an antioxidant, which effectively controls the increase in viscosity of the oil product under high temperature conditions, and also has good oil solubility. The present invention introduces sulfur element into the antioxidant system, so that it has certain extreme pressure performance, avoiding the problem of insufficient extreme pressure performance caused by using octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine as an antioxidant in traditional lubricating oil alone. The mixed antioxidant used in the present invention can significantly extend the service life of the oil product and effectively improve the oil product carrying capacity, meeting the lubrication requirements of the electric drive axle of commercial vehicles when they are used under heavy load for a long period of time.

[0037] The transmission lubricating oil composition provided by the present invention can reach more than level 12 in the FZG (A10 / 16.6R / 90) test, and can reach level 1 in the long-period copper corrosion test (150°C, 168h), and the wear amount of the FE8 bearing test (80°C, 80KN, 7.5rpm, 80h) is less than 1mg. The transmission lubricating oil composition has excellent electrochemical properties, load-bearing capacity, bearing protection performance, oxidation stability and sediment control ability, is suitable for the lubrication of the integrated electric drive axle gearbox of commercial vehicles, and can effectively extend the service life of the oil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention: The embodiments of the present invention are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The process parameters for which specific conditions are not specified in the following embodiments are generally based on conventional conditions.

[0039] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be regarded as specifically disclosed in the present invention.

[0040] The raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are: TPPT (Irgalube TPPT produced by BASF); T202 (Wuxi Nanfang Petroleum Additive Co., Ltd.); T205 (Wuxi Nanfang Petroleum Additive Co., Ltd.); sulfided isobutylene (T321H produced by Ningxia Tianhe Additive Co., Ltd.); calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate (T107 produced by Wuxi Nanfang Petroleum Additive Co., Ltd.); magnesium sulfonate (super high base number alkylbenzene sulfonate magnesium AR107 produced by Anhui Aorun New Materials Co., Ltd.); polyisobutylene succinimide (T161R produced by Xinxiang Ruifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.); polyacrylate antifoaming agent (H2030 produced by Afton Corporation); PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver (V12-095 produced by Evonik Additives); API III VHVI6 base oil (YOUBASE 6); API III VHVI3 base oil (YOUBASE3 produced by SK Company of South Korea); API III VHVI10 base oil (PetroChina Daqing Refining and Chemical Company); mPAO65 (Mobil Oil Company), PAO100 base oil (Mobil Oil Company).

[0041] Example 1

[0042] 0.5wt% TPPT, 1.25wt% monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) di-n-butyl ester, 1.20wt% T202, 0.40wt% T205, 1.45wt% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 405, 2.0wt% polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight of 3200-3500, 0.2wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.1wt% monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.1wt% dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.01wt% polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60000, 15.0wt% PAO 100, 50.5wt% of API III VHVI6 base oil, 20.5% of API III VHVI3 base oil and 6.79% of PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver V12-095 were uniformly mixed to prepare a transmission lubricant oil composition (I), and the performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] Except that 1.25wt% of di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate) was replaced by 0.62wt% of di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate) and 0.63wt% of sulfurized isobutylene, the rest was the same as the transmission lubricant composition (I). The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] Except that 1.25 wt % of di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate) was replaced by 1.25 wt % of sulfurized isobutylene, the rest was the same as the transmission lubricant composition (I). The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Performance test data of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] From the analysis of Table 1, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, the composition (I) exhibits excellent high extreme pressure performance and excellent copper corrosion protection performance, indicating that the triphenyl thiophosphate and the thiocarboxylate antiwear agent are compounded in a certain proportion to produce a good synergistic effect, which is beneficial to improving the load-bearing capacity, anti-wear performance and copper sheet corrosion protection performance of the oil, especially the bearing protection performance is significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the use of TPPT and the thiocarboxylate antiwear agent in a certain proportion to replace the traditional sulfided isobutylene is beneficial to improving the anti-wear performance of the oil, and can also overcome the problems of copper sheet corrosion and excessive bearing wear caused by the use of sulfided isobutylene.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] 0.2wt% TPPT, 1.0wt% dibutyl disulfide (1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), 0.67wt% T202, 0.33wt% T205, 1.95wt% magnesium sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 417, 1.5wt% polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight of 3200-3500, 0.3125wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.0625wt% monothiooctyl- N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.125wt% of dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.03wt% of a polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60,000, 25.0wt% of mPAO65, 64.6wt% of an API III VHVI6 base oil and 4.22% of a PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver V12-095 were uniformly mixed to prepare a transmission lubricant oil composition (II), and the performance test results are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] Except that the antioxidant component is replaced by 0.60wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, the rest is the same as composition (II). The performance test results are shown in Table 2.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] Except that the antioxidant component is replaced by 0.3wt% of monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and 0.3wt% of dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, the rest is the same as composition (II). The performance test results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2 Performance test data of Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4

[0058]

[0059] From the analysis of Table 2, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 3, composition (II) exhibits excellent antioxidant performance and extreme pressure and anti-wear performance, can significantly reduce the increase in viscosity and acid value, effectively extend the service life of oil products, and overcome the problem of insufficient extreme pressure performance of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine alone. Compared with Comparative Example 4, the composition of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, thiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, and dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine used in a certain proportion has a good synergistic effect, can significantly reduce the viscosity increase and acid value increase of oil products under high temperature conditions (170°C), improve sludge control ability, and can also improve the extreme pressure performance of the overall oil product formulation.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] 0.375wt% TPPT, 1.5wt% monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) di-n-butyl ester, 0.60wt% T202, 0.60wt% T205, 1.55wt% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 405, 1.6wt% polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight of 3200-3500, 0.40wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.015wt% polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60000, 15.0wt% PAO 100, 32.5wt% of API III VHVI10 base oil, 41.5% of API III VHVI3 base oil and 4.2% of PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver V12-095 were uniformly mixed to prepare a transmission lubricant oil composition (III), and the performance test results are shown in Table 3.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] 0.3125wt% TPPT, 1.5625wt% monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) di-n-butyl ester, 0.60wt% T202, 0.60wt% T205, 1.55wt% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 405, 1.6wt% polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight of 3200-3500, 0.40wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.015wt% polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60000, 15.7wt% PAO 100, 32.0wt% of API III VHVI10 base oil, 41.5wt% of API III VHVI3 base oil and 4.0% of PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver V12-095 were uniformly mixed to prepare a transmission lubricant oil composition (IV), and its performance test results are shown in Table 3.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] 0.375wt% TPPT, 1.5wt% monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) di-n-butyl ester, 0.90wt% T202, 0.30wt% T205, 1.55wt% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 405, 1.6wt% polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight of 3200-3500, 0.40wt% octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.08wt% dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 0.015wt% polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60000, 14.5wt% PAO 100, 32.5wt% of API III VHVI10 base oil, 42.3% of API III VHVI3 base oil and 3.9% of PMA type dispersant viscosity index improver V12-095 were uniformly mixed to prepare a transmission lubricant oil composition (V), and its performance test results are shown in Table 3.

[0066] Table 3 Evaluation results of Examples 3, 4, and 5

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] From the analysis of Table 3, it can be seen that the test results of compositions (III), (IV) and (V) are as follows: the breakdown voltage (normal temperature) reaches more than 70KV, the FZG (A10 / 16.6R / 90) reaches greater than level 12, the FZG pitting test time exceeds 300 hours, the extended copper sheet corrosion test (150°C, 168h) can reach level 1b, and the wear amount of the FE8 bearing test (80°C, 80KN, 7.5rpm, 80h) is less than 1mg.

[0070] The lubricating oil composition prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has excellent electrochemical properties, load-bearing capacity, bearing protection performance, oxidation stability, deposit control ability and rubber compatibility, is suitable for the lubrication of commercial integrated electric drive axle gearboxes, and can effectively protect drive motors, gear reducers and controllers.

[0071] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art. According to all the teachings disclosed, various modifications and replacements can be made to those details, and these changes are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The full scope of the present invention is given by the attached claims and any equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A transmission lubricant composition, characterized in that: The transmission lubricating oil composition comprises, by weight: Phosphorus-containing agent: 0.1-0.5 parts; Thiocarboxylate additive: 0.4-1.5 parts; Antioxidant: 0.3-0.6 parts; Antioxidant and anticorrosion additives: 1.0-2.0 parts; Detergent: 1.25-1.95 parts; Ashless dispersant: 1.5-2.5 parts; Antifoaming agent: 0.005-0.03 parts; Base oil: balance; The phosphorus-containing agent is triphenyl thiophosphate; The thiocarboxylate additive is a dialkyl thiodicarboxylate or a dialkyl dithiodicarboxylate.

2. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thiocarboxylate additive has the following general structural formula: Among them, R1 is a straight-chain butyl group or a straight-chain octyl group, R2 is at least one of a 1,3-cyclohexyl group, a 1,4-cyclohexyl group and a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2.

3. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thiocarboxylate additive is at least one of di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl dithiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl monothiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl dithiobis(1,3-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-butyl dithiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), di-n-octyl monothiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate), and di-n-octyl dithiobis(1,4-cyclohexanecarboxylate.

4. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the triphenyl thiophosphate to the thiocarboxylate additive is (0.2-0.4):1, preferably 0.25:

1.

5. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is a mixture of octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine.

6. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the octyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine, the monothiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and the dithiooctyl-N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine is 1:(0.2-0.5):(0.2-0.5).

7. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant and anti-corrosion additive is a mixture of T202 and T205.

8. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of T202 to T205 is (1-3):1, preferably 1:

1.

9. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ashless dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide with a molecular weight greater than 3,000.

10. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base oil is a mixture of a PMA viscosity index improver, polyalphaolefin and API III mineral base oil.

11. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 10, characterized in that: The poly alpha-olefin is PAO100 base oil or mPAO65 base oil.

12. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 10, characterized in that: The kinematic viscosity of the API III mineral base oil is 3 to 10 cSt.

13. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detergent is at least one of calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate having a base number greater than 300 and magnesium sulfonate having a base number greater than 400.

14. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifoaming agent is a polyacrylate antifoaming agent with a molecular weight of 60,000.

15. The transmission lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The composition comprises, by weight: Phosphorus-containing agent: 0.2-0.5 parts; Thiocarboxylate additive: 0.8-1.5 parts; Antioxidant: 0.4-0.6 parts; Antioxidant and anticorrosion additives: 1.0-1.6 parts; Detergent: 1.45-1.95 parts; Ashless dispersant: 1.5-2.0 parts; Antifoaming agent: 0.01-0.03 parts; Base oil: Balance.

16. A method for preparing the transmission lubricant oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The method comprises: Add the phosphorus-containing agent, thiocarboxylate additive, antioxidant, antioxidant and anti-corrosion additive, detergent, ashless dispersant, anti-foaming agent and base oil into a container according to the proportion, and mix at 50-60° C. for 2 hours until all components are evenly dissolved.

17. Use of the transmission lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 in an integrated electric drive axle of a commercial vehicle.

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