Energy-gathered jet flow impact explosion propagation uniform cracking composite roof blasting device and mounting method

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-gathered jet flow impact explosion propagation uniform cracking composite roof blasting device and an installation method, and belongs to the technical field of mining, the energy-gathered jet flow impact explosion propagation uniform cracking composite roof blasting device comprises a pipe shell, a jet flow part and a limiting structure, the pipe shell comprises a first half shell and a second half shell which are detachably connected, and the first half shell and the second half shell define a pipe cavity; the jet flow part is arranged in the pipe cavity in the length direction of the pipe shell, the jet flow part comprises a jet flow pipe and an energy gathering cone, a through jet flow channel is formed in the jet flow pipe, the energy gathering cone is in a hollow cone shape, and the energy gathering cone is communicated with one end of the jet flow pipe in the length direction; the limiting structure is used for fixing the jet flow piece in the pipe cavity. The composite roof energy-gathered jet flow impact uniform cracking blasting device has the advantages of being efficient, safe, low in cost and few in initiating explosive devices, interval charging and explosion propagation are achieved through energy-gathered jet flow impact while different rock stratums adopt a partition isolation blasting mode, and the composite roof drill hole full-length uniform cracking is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous splitting composite roof blasting device and an installation method. Background Art

[0002] Improving the dynamic behavior of the roof is a fundamental way to effectively manage the stress distribution around the goaf and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock. In order to prevent the roof from overhanging too much above the goaf, adjust the maximum position of the support pressure at the boundary of the mining area, and optimize the stress distribution pattern of the goaf and the main tunnels in the mining area, a series of technical means need to be implemented to actively regulate the fracture and movement characteristics of the roof rock strata. These measures are aimed at accelerating the fracture and rotation process of the roof, shortening the stress influence cycle caused by mining activities, and reducing the stress burden of the rock mass around the goaf and the main tunnels in the mining area. At present, top cutting and pressure relief is widely used in mining operations. This technology usually relies on drilling and blasting methods to achieve top cutting and pressure relief operations.

[0003] The current research on roof weakening is mainly based on the surrounding rock control mechanism and technology that assumes that a good top cutting effect has been achieved, but this assumed good top cutting effect is difficult to control under composite roof conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the pre-splitting blasting technology for composite roof structures; secondly, the seam blasting operation generally adopts uncoupled segmented charging, which leads to too many single-hole detonators, which not only causes too many detonators to be used in the entire project, but also in the process of plugging and filling the gun mud, the detonator lead is easily damaged by the gun stick, causing the detonator to refuse to explode. At the same time, electronic digital detonators are costly, strictly controlled, have many approval procedures, and the supply of pyrotechnics is not timely, which will affect the progress of the project. Therefore, in view of the problems in the above engineering technology, it is urgent to propose a blasting device and method that can achieve high efficiency, safety, low cost and good effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite roof blasting device and an installation method for uniformly cracking the composite roof by using a focused jet impact explosion transmission method, so as to cope with the composite roof conditions, different rock layers are blasted in a zoned isolation blasting manner, and the focused jet impact is used to achieve interval charging explosion transmission, control the amount of pyrotechnics used, and make the composite roof drill hole uniformly cracked over the entire length.

[0005] The present invention provides a shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, which adopts the following technical solutions: A shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, comprising: A tube shell, the tube shell comprising a first half shell and a second half shell that are detachably connected, the first half shell and the second half shell together enclosing a tube cavity; A jet component is arranged in the tube cavity along the length direction of the tube shell, and the jet component includes a jet tube and an energy-focusing cone. A jet channel is provided inside the jet tube, and the energy-focusing cone is in the shape of a hollow cone. The energy-focusing cone is connected to one end of the jet tube in the length direction. The limiting structure is used to fix the jet component in the tube cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the limiting structure comprises a positioning groove and a positioning piece group, and the positioning groove is provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of positioning grooves are arranged in the wall of the tube cavity at intervals along the length direction of the tube shell; The positioning piece groups are arranged at intervals on the wall of the jet tube along the length direction of the jet tube, and the positioning piece groups can be embedded in the positioning grooves.

[0007] Preferably, the positioning piece group includes a main positioning piece and a secondary positioning piece, and the main positioning piece is arranged at the connection between the jet tube and the energy focusing cone; The auxiliary positioning pieces are provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of auxiliary positioning pieces are arranged at intervals on the wall of the jet tube along the length direction of the jet tube.

[0008] Preferably, an empty groove is formed between two adjacent groups of the auxiliary positioning pieces, and an empty groove is formed between the auxiliary positioning piece and the main positioning piece, and the empty groove is used for placing taphole mud.

[0009] Preferably, the cone angle of the energy focusing cone is 50-120°, and the thickness of the energy focusing cone is 1-2 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the circumferential side wall of the tube shell is sleeved with a sleeve, and the sleeve is provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of sleeves are arranged at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell along the length direction of the tube shell.

[0011] Preferably, the material of the jet component and the main positioning piece is aluminum alloy, and the jet component and the main positioning piece are an integrated structure; The tube shell, auxiliary positioning piece and sleeve are all made of PVC.

[0012] Preferably, a soft plug is detachably mounted on one end of the jet tube away from the energy-focusing cone.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for installing the above-mentioned shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, comprising the following steps: S1, install the soft plug at the opening of one end of the jet tube away from the energy-gathering cone, sleeve multiple groups of auxiliary positioning pieces at intervals on the jet tube wall, and make the positioning piece groups respectively embedded in the positioning grooves, fill the empty groove with gun mud, connect the first half shell and the second half shell, at this time, the gun mud in the empty groove is in a compacted state, pull out the soft plug, and sleeve multiple groups of sleeves at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell to obtain a blasting device; S2. Drill and coring the tunnel roof to be pre-splitting blasted. The coring length is greater than 3 times the mining height. Several rock samples are taken and tested to obtain the rock mass quality classification; S3, construct the slotted holes, drill and peer into the slotted holes, divide and determine the non-blasting area and the blasting area, and divide the blasting area into soft rock blasting area, medium hard rock blasting area, and hard rock blasting area; S4. Prepare a number of energy-gathering tubes, and determine the amount of explosives in the energy-gathering tubes according to the lengths of the soft rock blasting area, the medium-hard rock blasting area, and the hard rock blasting area; S5, installing the several energy-gathering tubes filled with explosives in step S4 at both ends of the blasting device in the length direction; S6, repeating steps S4 and S5 until the slit holes in the blasting area are fully charged, and electronic digital detonators are filled in one end of the blasting area close to the non-blasting area, and the wires of the electronic digital detonators are led out; S7, plugging the cut hole and connecting in parallel the electronic digital detonator detonation network; S8. Detonate to complete the blasting and top cutting operation.

[0014] Preferably, the blasting devices in the blasting zone are respectively located at the layers of the medium-hard rock blasting zone, the hard rock blasting zone and the soft rock blasting zone.

[0015] In summary, the present invention includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The tube shell in the present invention is arranged as a first half shell and a second half shell, wherein the jet component is fixed in a tube cavity enclosed by the first half shell and the second half shell through a limiting structure, and the tube cavity is used to fill gun mud, and the jet component comprises a jet tube and an energy-gathering cone, the energy-gathering cone has a good explosion-transmitting effect, the device has a simple structure, and the process of filling gun mud is simple, under the condition of dealing with a composite roof, the starting explosive is detonated, the detonation wave contacts the energy-gathering cone, and quickly crushes the energy-gathering cone to form a high-speed metal jet, the high-speed metal jet is ejected from the jet channel, and the impact detonates the bottom of the front explosive, and at the same time, the detonation wave compresses the gun mud, so that the gun mud is dense in the direction of the jet tube, and the jet channel is blocked to complete the blasting zone closure, thereby realizing the isolation between the blasting areas; the explosion-transmitting work can utilize the impact of the energy-gathering jet to realize the interval charge explosion transmission, so that the composite roof is evenly cracked over the entire length.

[0016] 2. The present invention can greatly reduce the number of electronic digital detonators used. Taking a 13m slit hole as an example, a single hole in the traditional blasting method requires 8 electronic digital detonators. The use of a composite top plate energy-focused jet impact detonation full-length uniform split blasting top cutting device proposed by the present invention can reduce the number of electronic digital detonators per hole to 1-2, thereby reducing the cost of drilling and blasting. The reduction in the use of electronic digital detonators solves the problem of chaotic arrangement of detonator leads, and reduces the possibility of lead damage during the insertion and ramming of the blasting stick during construction, thereby avoiding detonator refusal to explode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a shaped-energy jet impact explosion-transmission homogeneous split composite roof blasting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the first half shell and the second half shell are disassembled; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the jet component; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jet component; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the site arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the blasting zone arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the initial structure of the explosive in the detonation state; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure under the state of detonation wave compressing the energy-gathering cone; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in the state of forming a high-speed metal jet; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure during the detonation process of explosives.

[0018] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Tube shell; 11. First half shell; 12. Second half shell; 13. Tube cavity; 14. Casing; 15. Empty slot; 151. Cannon mud; 2. Jet component; 21. Jet tube; 211. Jet channel; 22. Energy-gathering cone; 23. Soft plug; 3. Limiting structure; 31. Positioning groove; 32. Positioning piece group; 321. Main positioning piece; 322. Auxiliary positioning piece; 4. Blasting area; 41. Hard rock blasting area; 42. Medium hard rock blasting area; 5. Non-blasting area; 6. Electronic digital detonator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is combined with Figure 1-10 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0020] The present invention provides a shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including a tube shell 1, a jet component 2 and a limiting structure 3, wherein the jet component 2 is fixedly arranged inside the tube shell 1 through the limiting structure 3.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The tube shell 1 comprises a first half shell 11 and a second half shell 12 which are detachably connected. In this embodiment, the first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12 have the same shape and size. The first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12 are connected to form a tube cavity 13. The jet component 2 is fixedly installed in the tube cavity 13 through the limiting structure 3. The circumferential side wall of the tube shell 1 is provided with a sleeve 14. The sleeve 14 is provided with multiple groups. The multiple groups of sleeves 14 are sleeved on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell 1 at intervals along the length direction of the tube shell 1. The sleeve 14 is used to fix the first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12 in the connected state.

[0022] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The jet component 2 is installed in the tube cavity 13 along the length direction of the tube shell 1; the jet component 2 includes a jet tube 21 and an energy focusing cone 22, a jet channel 211 is opened inside the jet tube 21, the energy focusing cone 22 is a hollow cone, the energy focusing cone 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the jet tube 21 in the length direction, and the jet tube 21 is connected to the inside of the energy focusing cone 22.

[0023] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The limiting structure 3 includes a positioning groove 31 and a positioning piece group 32. The positioning groove 31 is provided with multiple groups. The multiple groups of positioning grooves 31 are arranged on the wall of the tube cavity 13 at intervals along the length direction of the tube shell 1. The positioning piece group 32 is arranged on the wall of the jet tube 21 at intervals along the length direction of the jet tube 21, and the positioning piece group 32 can be embedded in the positioning groove 31; the positioning piece group 32 includes a main positioning piece 321 and an auxiliary positioning piece 322, wherein the main positioning piece 321 is fixedly connected to the connection between the jet tube 21 and the energy focusing cone 22, and the auxiliary positioning piece 322 is provided with multiple groups. The multiple groups of auxiliary positioning pieces 322 are installed on the wall of the jet tube 21 at intervals along the length direction of the jet tube 21.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 , a soft plug 23 is detachably connected to one end of the jet tube 21 away from the energy-gathering cone 22, and when the jet component 2 is located in the tube cavity 13, an empty slot 15 is formed between two adjacent groups of auxiliary positioning pieces 322, and an empty slot 15 is formed between the auxiliary positioning piece 322 and the main positioning piece 321, and the empty slot 15 is used to fill the tapping mud 151. When filling the tapping mud 151, the first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12 need to be in an open state, and the soft plug 23 is installed on the jet tube 21 to prevent the tapping mud 151 from blocking the jet channel 211, and the tapping mud 151 in each group of empty slots 15 is separated by the auxiliary positioning piece 322; after the tapping mud 151 is filled, the soft plug 23 can be removed, and the first half shell 11, the second half shell 12 and the sleeve 14 are installed in sequence.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the tube shell 1, the auxiliary positioning piece 322 and the sleeve 14 are all made of PVC material; The material of the jet component 2 and the main positioning plate 321 is aluminum alloy. The jet component 2 and the main positioning plate 321 are an integrated structure, which ensures the rigidity of the jet component 2. At the same time, the cone angle of the energy focusing cone 22 is 50-120°, and the thickness of the energy focusing cone 22 is 1-2mm to obtain the best jet effect.

[0026] The present invention also provides an installation method for a shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, referring to Figure 1-10 , including the following steps: S1, open the first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12, and install the soft plug 23 at the opening of one end of the jet tube 21 away from the energy-gathering cone 22, sleeve multiple groups of auxiliary positioning pieces 322 at intervals on the wall of the jet tube 21, and make the positioning piece groups 32 respectively embedded in the positioning grooves 31, fill the empty groove 15 with tapping mud 151, connect the first half shell 11 and the second half shell 12, at this time, the tapping mud 151 in the empty groove 15 is in a compacted state, pull out the soft plug 23, and sleeve multiple groups of sleeves 14 at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell 1 to obtain a blasting device; S2. The mining height of a coal mine is 4m. The top plate of the tunnel to be pre-splitting blasted is drilled and cored. The coring length is greater than 3 times the mining height. In this embodiment, the coring length is 15m. Several samples of mudstone, coarse sandstone, sandy mudstone, limestone and fine sandstone are obtained and tested to classify the rock mass quality. S3, according to the rock sample taken in step S2, the position of the key layer of the roof is analyzed, and the slit holes are designed. The slit position is 800mm from the side of the working face to the side of the roadway, the slit angle is 20°, the hole depth is 15.0m, and the hole spacing is 1.5m. The direct top mudstone is considered to have no ability to resist the explosion, and it is easy to be punched and cause the roof to fall locally. Therefore, it is divided into a non-blasting area 5 with a length of 4.0m and a blasting area 4 with a length of 11.0m; S4, constructing slit holes, drilling and peering into the slit holes, analyzing the lithological structure of each layer and the characteristics of fissure development, dividing and determining the soft rock blasting area, the medium hard rock blasting area 42, and the hard rock blasting area 41 of the blasting area; in this embodiment, the area 3.4m from the bottom of the hole is fine sandstone, which is hard and has undeveloped stratification, that is, the hard rock blasting area 41, and the length of the hard rock blasting area 41 is 3.2m; the area 2.2m from the outside of the fine sandstone layer is limestone, which is hard and has developed stratification, and is divided into the hard rock blasting area 41, and the length of the hard rock blasting area 41 is 1.7m; the area 2.8m from the outside of the limestone is sandy mudstone, which is relatively hard and has developed stratification, and is divided into the medium hard rock blasting area 42, and the length of the medium hard rock blasting area 42 is 2.3m; the area 2.2m from the outside of the sandy mudstone is coarse sandstone, which is hard and has developed stratification, and is divided into the hard rock blasting area 41, and the length of the hard rock blasting area 41 is 2m; S5. Prepare several energy-gathering tubes, and determine the charge amount in the energy-gathering tubes according to the lengths of the soft rock formation, the medium-hard rock formation, and the hard rock formation; in this embodiment, the charge density of line 41 in the hard rock blasting area is 600 g / m, the required amount of explosives is 4.08 kg, and 4.1 kg is taken; the charge density of line 42 in the medium-hard rock blasting area is 300 g / m, the required amount of explosives is 690 g, and 0.7 kg is taken; S6, fixing the several energy-gathering tubes filled with explosives in step S5 at both ends of the blasting device in the length direction, and it should be noted that the energy-gathering holes of the several energy-gathering tubes are in the same direction; S7, repeating steps S5 and S6 until the slit holes in the blasting area 4 are completely charged. At this time, the blasting devices are distributed in the layers of the medium hard rock blasting area 42 and each hard rock blasting area 41 (the site in this embodiment does not include the soft rock blasting area. If the selected site includes the soft rock blasting area, the blasting devices are also placed in the layers of the soft rock blasting area, and the electronic digital detonator 6 is filled in the end of the blasting area 4 close to the non-blasting area 5, and the wire of the electronic digital detonator 6 is led out; S8, plugging the cut hole and connecting the electronic digital detonator 6 in parallel to the detonation network; S9. Detonate to complete the blasting and top cutting operation.

[0027] Reference Figure 7-10 When the electronic digital detonator is detonated by the fuse, the electronic digital detonator detonates the starting explosive, and the detonation wave of the starting explosive propagates in the energy gathering direction of the electronic digital detonator. The detonation wave contacts the energy gathering cone at the same time, and quickly crushes the energy gathering cone to form a high-speed metal jet. The high-speed metal jet is ejected from the jet channel, impacting and detonating the bottom of the front explosive. At the same time, the detonation wave compresses the pressure-maintaining gun mud to the middle and compacts it, blocking the jet channel to complete the closure of the blasting area 4, thereby realizing the isolation and explosion transmission work between the blasting areas 4.

[0028] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaped energy jet impact explosion transmission homogeneous split composite roof blasting device, characterized in that: include, A tube shell (1), the tube shell (1) comprising a first half shell (11) and a second half shell (12) which are detachably connected, the first half shell (11) and the second half shell (12) together enclosing a tube cavity (13); A jet component (2) is arranged in the tube cavity (13) along the length direction of the tube shell (1), the jet component (2) comprising a jet tube (21) and an energy focusing cone (22), the jet tube (21) having a penetrating jet channel (211) formed therein, the energy focusing cone (22) being in the shape of a hollow cone, and the energy focusing cone (22) being connected to one end of the jet tube (21) in the length direction; The limiting structure (3) is used to fix the jet component (2) in the tube cavity (13).

2. The device for blasting a composite roof by impacting and transmitting explosions with shaped energy jets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The limiting structure (3) comprises a positioning groove (31) and a positioning piece group (32); the positioning groove (31) is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of positioning grooves (31) are arranged at intervals on the wall of the tube cavity (13) along the length direction of the tube shell (1); The positioning piece groups (32) are arranged at intervals on the wall of the jet tube (21) along the length direction of the jet tube (21), and the positioning piece groups (32) can be embedded in the positioning grooves (31).

3. The device for blasting a composite roof by impacting and transmitting explosions with shaped energy jets according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The positioning piece group (32) comprises a main positioning piece (321) and a secondary positioning piece (322); the main positioning piece (321) is arranged at the connection between the jet tube (21) and the energy focusing cone (22); A plurality of groups of auxiliary positioning pieces (322) are provided, and the plurality of groups of auxiliary positioning pieces (322) are arranged at intervals on the wall of the jet tube (21) along the length direction of the jet tube (21).

4. The device for blasting composite roof by impact transmission explosion and homogeneous splitting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An empty slot (15) is formed between two adjacent groups of the auxiliary positioning pieces (322), and an empty slot (15) is formed between the auxiliary positioning piece (322) and the main positioning piece (321), and the empty slot (15) is used to place taphole mud (151).

5. The device for blasting composite roof by impact transmission explosion and homogeneous splitting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cone angle of the energy focusing cone (22) is 50-120°, and the thickness of the energy focusing cone (22) is 1-2 mm.

6. The device for blasting a composite roof by impact explosion and homogeneous splitting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The circumferential side wall of the tube shell (1) is sleeved with a sleeve (14), and the sleeve (14) is provided in multiple groups. The multiple groups of sleeves (14) are arranged at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell (1) along the length direction of the tube shell (1).

7. The device for blasting composite roof by impact transmission explosion and homogeneous splitting according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The material of the jet component (2) and the main positioning piece (321) is an aluminum alloy material, and the jet component (2) and the main positioning piece (321) are an integrated structure; The tube shell (1), the auxiliary positioning piece (322) and the sleeve (14) are all made of PVC material.

8. The device for blasting composite roof by impact transmission explosion and homogeneous splitting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A soft plug (23) is detachably mounted on one end of the jet tube (21) away from the energy-gathering cone (22).

9. A method for installing the shaped energy jet impact explosion transmission homogeneous split composite roof blasting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, installing a soft plug (23) at an opening of one end of the jet tube (21) away from the energy-gathering cone (22), sleeve-mounting a plurality of sets of auxiliary positioning pieces (322) at intervals on the tube wall of the jet tube (21), and making the positioning piece sets (32) respectively embedded in the positioning grooves (31), filling the empty groove (15) with tapping mud (151), connecting the first half shell (11) and the second half shell (12), at which time the tapping mud (151) in the empty groove (15) is in a compacted state, removing the soft plug (23), and sleeve-mounting a plurality of sets of sleeves (14) at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the tube shell (1), thereby obtaining a blasting device; S2. Drill and coring the tunnel roof to be pre-splitting blasted. The coring length is greater than 3 times the mining height. Several rock samples are taken and tested to obtain the rock mass quality classification; S3, constructing a slot hole, drilling and peering into the slot hole, dividing and determining a non-blasting area (5) and a blasting area (4), and dividing the blasting area (4) into a soft rock blasting area, a medium hard rock blasting area (42), and a hard rock blasting area (41); S4, preparing a number of energy-gathering tubes, and determining the amount of explosives in the energy-gathering tubes according to the lengths of the soft rock blasting zone, the medium hard rock blasting zone (42), and the hard rock blasting zone (41); S5, installing the several energy-gathering tubes filled with explosives in step S4 at both ends of the blasting device in the length direction; S6, repeating steps S4 and S5 until the slit holes in the blasting area (4) are fully charged, and an electronic digital detonator (6) is filled into one end of the blasting area (4) close to the non-blasting area (5), and the wire of the electronic digital detonator (6) is led out; S7, plugging the cut hole and connecting the electronic digital detonator (6) in parallel to the detonation network; S8. Detonate to complete the blasting and top cutting operation.

10. The installation method of a shaped energy jet impact transmission explosion homogeneous split composite roof blasting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The blasting devices of the blasting zone (4) are respectively located at the layers of the medium-hard rock blasting zone (42), the hard rock blasting zone (41) and the soft rock blasting zone.

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