Agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention provides an agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision comprises a conveying belt, and a detection box is arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt; the cleaning assembly is arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt and comprises a cleaning box, a first lead screw mechanism, a blocking rod, a first draught fan and an adjusting cover, the cleaning box is arranged on the outer side of the conveying belt, the first lead screw mechanism is arranged in the cleaning box, the blocking rod is arranged in the cleaning box, and the first draught fan is arranged in the first draught fan. And a first fan is fixedly connected to the interior of the cleaning box, an adjusting cover is slidably connected to the interior of the cleaning box, and a PLC is arranged on the front surface of the cleaning box. The agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision have the advantages that dust and the like attached to the surfaces of detected agricultural products can be cleaned, and the dust and impurities are prevented from affecting the detection precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machine vision detection, and in particular to an agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision. Background Art

[0002] Visual inspection is to use machines instead of human eyes to make measurements and judgments. Visual inspection refers to converting the captured target into image signals through machine vision products, transmitting them to a dedicated image processing system, and converting them into digital signals based on pixel distribution, brightness, color and other information; the image system performs various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target, and then controls the operation of the equipment on site based on the judgment results. It is a valuable mechanism for production, assembly or packaging.

[0003] At present, with the continuous development of automation level and machine vision-related software and hardware, machine vision is applied to various fields. Among them, the use of machine vision to detect agricultural products is a common situation. However, in the process of detecting agricultural products, impurities such as dust, soil and residues will adhere to the surface of agricultural products. Dust and other tiny particles attached to the surface of agricultural products will form noise points or blurred areas on the image, thereby interfering with key steps such as edge detection and texture analysis of the image, making it difficult to accurately restore the true shape of agricultural products in the image preprocessing stage. At the same time, the blurred area will blur the edge contours of agricultural products, making it difficult to accurately distinguish agricultural products from background or other impurities during feature extraction, further reducing detection accuracy and efficiency, and at the same time causing adverse effects on the quality control and market reputation of agricultural products.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision, which can clean dust and the like attached to the surface of agricultural products to be detected, thereby preventing dust and debris from affecting the detection accuracy.

[0006] The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision provided by the present invention comprises a conveyor belt, wherein a detection box is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt; a cleaning component, wherein the cleaning component is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt, wherein the cleaning component comprises a cleaning box, a first screw mechanism, a blocking rod, a first fan and an adjusting cover; wherein a cleaning box is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt, wherein a first screw mechanism is arranged inside the cleaning box, wherein a blocking rod is arranged inside the cleaning box, wherein a first fan is fixedly connected inside the cleaning box, wherein an adjusting cover is slidably connected inside the cleaning box, and wherein a PLC controller is arranged on the front surface of the cleaning box; and a dust extraction component, wherein the dust extraction component is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt, wherein the first screw mechanism is arranged inside the cleaning box, wherein a blocking rod is arranged inside the cleaning box, wherein a first fan is fixedly connected inside the cleaning box, wherein an adjusting cover is slidably connected inside the cleaning box, and wherein a PLC controller is arranged on the front surface of the cleaning box; and The top of the conveyor belt, the dust extraction component includes a second fan, a first side pipe and a dust collection box, the second fan is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning box, the air inlet of the second fan is connected to the first side pipe, and the air outlet of the second fan is connected to the dust collection box; an adjustment component, the adjustment component is arranged inside the detection box, the adjustment component includes a fixed bar, a second screw mechanism, a first cylinder and a machine vision detector, the top of the inner cavity of the detection box is fixedly connected with a fixed bar, the interior of the fixed bar is provided with a second screw mechanism, the outer side of the second screw mechanism is provided with a first cylinder, and the piston rod of the first cylinder is fixedly connected with the machine vision detector.

[0007] Preferably, a moving tube is provided on the outer side of the first screw mechanism, the inner wall of the moving tube is slidably connected to the outer side of the blocking rod, a second cylinder is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the moving tube, and the piston rod of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of the blocking rod.

[0008] Preferably, a first motor is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the blocking rod, an output end of the first motor is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder, and a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the blocking rod.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to a connecting plate, the interior of the connecting plate is connected to a connecting pipe, the bottom of the connecting plate is connected to a first air outlet, the end of the connecting pipe away from the connecting plate is connected to a connecting pipe, and the inner wall of the connecting pipe is slidably connected to the outer side of the connecting pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the outer side of the connecting tube is connected to a second side tube, and one end of the second side tube away from the connecting tube is connected to an air outlet plate.

[0011] Preferably, one side of the air outlet plate is connected to an air outlet pipe, and the bottom of the air outlet pipe is connected to a second air outlet head.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the connecting pipe away from the connecting pipe is connected to a delivery pipe, and one end of the delivery pipe away from the connecting pipe is connected to an air outlet of the first fan.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the adjusting cover is fixedly connected to a moving rod, the outer side of the moving rod is threadedly connected to a transmission tube, the top of the transmission tube is fixedly connected to a second motor, the top of the second motor is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box, the top of the adjusting cover is fixedly connected to a bottom rod, the outer side of the bottom rod is slidably connected to a fixed tube, and the top of the fixed tube is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box.

[0014] Preferably, the air inlet of the second fan is connected to an extraction pipe, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the outside of the extraction pipe, the bottom of the extraction pipe is connected to a bottom pipe, the outside of the bottom pipe is slidably connected to the inner wall of the extraction pipe, the bottom of the bottom pipe is connected to a support pipe, one end of the support pipe is connected to an annular pipe, and the bottom of the annular pipe is connected to an extraction head.

[0015] The present invention also provides an agricultural product detection method based on machine vision, comprising the following steps: S1. Preliminary preparation: determine the agricultural products to be tested and their specific characteristics, and select a machine vision system with corresponding functions according to the test objectives, including hardware equipment such as light sources, image sensors, image acquisition cards, computers, and image processing and analysis software; S2. Equipment debugging: According to the size range of agricultural products, the height of the machine vision detector is adjusted by the first cylinder, and the lateral position of the machine vision detector is adjusted by the second screw mechanism; S3, agricultural product cleaning: place the agricultural products to be tested on the top of the conveyor belt, clean the dust and other debris on the outside of the agricultural products through the cleaning component, and at the same time, the dust extraction component conveys and uniformly collects the scattered dust; S4, Image acquisition: The agricultural products on the top of the conveyor belt are imaged by a machine vision detector to obtain clear image data; S5, image preprocessing: preprocessing the collected images, and then use image processing algorithms to extract key features of agricultural products; S6, analysis and judgment: according to the extracted features, establish the corresponding classification, recognition or evaluation results, then compare the extracted features, and then analyze and judge; S7. Result output and feedback: present the test results in a visual form and provide feedback on the production process of agricultural products based on the test results; Compared with the related art, the agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention sets a cleaning component. When inspecting agricultural products, the agricultural products are first placed on the top of the conveyor belt. Under the action of the conveyor belt, the agricultural products move with the conveyor belt. When the agricultural products move to a specified position inside the cleaning box, the first screw mechanism starts to operate. Under the action of the first screw mechanism, the moving tube can be driven to move, so that the blocking rod can move to a specified height. Then the second cylinder is started. Under the action of the second cylinder, the blocking rod can be driven to extend or shorten. Under the action of the two blocking rods, the blocking rod can be blocked. Then the first fan is started. Under the action of the first fan, the outside air can be transported, so that the air is sprayed at the first air outlet and the second air outlet, so that the dust attached to the surface of the agricultural products can be cleaned, which is convenient for subsequent machine vision inspection. The first motor is started at the same time. Under the action of the first motor, the rotating drum can be driven to rotate, and then under the action of the rotating drum, the agricultural products can be rotated, so that the agricultural products can be fully cleaned. By setting a dust extraction component, a large amount of dust or debris may be scattered in the process of cleaning the agricultural products. The second motor is started. Under the action of the second motor, the transmission tube can be driven to rotate. When the transmission tube rotates, the bottom rod can be driven to rotate. Under the action of the bottom rod, the adjustment cover can be driven to move, so that the adjustment cover can cover the generated dust to prevent it from escaping over a large area. Then the second fan is started. Under the action of the second fan, dust and debris can be extracted through the annular tube and the extraction head, and then transported to the inside of the dust collecting box, so as to prevent the dust from damaging the surrounding environment. 2. The present invention provides a second cylinder. Under the action of the second cylinder, the position of the blocking rod can be adjusted, so that the blocking rod can block and position the agricultural products transported on the top of the conveyor belt, which is convenient for cleaning operations. By providing a first motor and starting the first motor, the rotating drum can be driven to rotate under the action of the first motor, and then the agricultural products blocked by the blocking rod can be driven to rotate when the rotating drum rotates, so as to facilitate comprehensive cleaning of the agricultural products and subsequent image acquisition operations. By providing a connecting pipe and a connecting pipe, when the blocking rod moves inside the moving pipe, it can drive the connecting pipe to move inside the connecting pipe, so that the air extracted by the first fan can be smoothly transported to the first air outlet. By providing an air outlet plate and a second air outlet, the air outlet plate and the second air outlet are provided in the side pipe. By using it, the air inside the connecting pipe can enter the inside of the air outlet plate through the side pipe, and then be sprayed out through the second air outlet head, so that the agricultural products blocked by the blocking rod can be fully cleaned. By setting the second motor and starting the second motor, the transmission pipe can be driven to rotate under the action of the second motor, and the moving rod can be driven to move when the transmission pipe rotates, and then the adjusting cover can be driven to move under the action of the moving rod, so that the adjusting cover can cover the dust. By setting the second fan, under the action of the second fan, the air inside the adjusting cover can be quickly extracted through the extraction head, and then the dust and debris covered by the adjusting cover can be extracted and transported. Under the action of the second fan, the dust is concentrated and transported to the inside of the dust collecting box, which is convenient for unified treatment and collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the agricultural product detection device based on machine vision provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning component shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structural connection between the first screw mechanism and the blocking rod is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection assembly shown; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component shown; Figure 6 A flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the agricultural product detection method based on machine vision provided by the present invention.

[0017] Numbers in the figure: 1, conveyor belt; 2, detection box; 3, cleaning assembly; 301, cleaning box; 302, first screw mechanism; 303, blocking rod; 304, first fan; 305, adjustment cover; 4, dust extraction assembly; 401, second fan; 402, first side pipe; 403, dust collection box; 5, adjustment assembly; 501, fixing bar; 502, second screw mechanism; 503, first cylinder; 504, machine vision detector; 6, moving tube; 7, second cylinder; 8, first motor ; 9. Rotating cylinder; 10. Fixed plate; 11. Connecting plate; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. First air outlet; 14. Connecting pipe; 15. Second side pipe; 16. Air outlet plate; 17. Air outlet pipe; 18. Second air outlet; 19. Delivery pipe; 20. Moving rod; 21. Transmission pipe; 22. Second motor; 23. Bottom rod; 24. Fixed pipe; 25. Extraction pipe; 26. Solenoid valve; 27. Bottom pipe; 28. Support pipe; 29. ​​Ring pipe; 30. Extraction head; 31. PLC controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,in Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the agricultural product detection device based on machine vision provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning component shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structural connection between the first screw mechanism and the blocking rod is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection assembly shown; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component shown; Figure 6 A flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the agricultural product detection method based on machine vision provided by the present invention. An agricultural product detection device based on machine vision comprises: a conveyor belt 1, and a detection box 2 is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt 1; A cleaning assembly 3 is arranged on the outside of the conveyor belt 1. The cleaning assembly 3 includes a cleaning box 301, a first screw mechanism 302, a blocking rod 303, a first fan 304 and an adjustment cover 305. The cleaning box 301 is arranged on the outside of the conveyor belt 1, the first screw mechanism 302 is arranged inside the cleaning box 301, the blocking rod 303 is arranged inside the cleaning box 301, the first fan 304 is fixedly connected inside the cleaning box 301, the adjustment cover 305 is slidably connected inside the cleaning box 301, and the front surface of the cleaning box 301 is provided with a PLC controller 31; The dust extraction component 4 is arranged on the top of the conveyor belt 1, and the dust extraction component 4 includes a second fan 401, a first side pipe 402 and a dust collecting box 403. The second fan 401 is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning box 301, and the air inlet of the second fan 401 is connected to the first side pipe 402, and the air outlet of the second fan 401 is connected to the dust collecting box 403; The adjusting component 5 is arranged inside the detection box 2. The adjusting component 5 includes a fixing bar 501, a second screw mechanism 502, a first cylinder 503 and a machine vision detector 504. The fixing bar 501 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the detection box 2. The second screw mechanism 502 is arranged inside the fixing bar 501. The first cylinder 503 is arranged outside the second screw mechanism 502. The piston rod of the first cylinder 503 is fixedly connected to the machine vision detector 504.

[0020] In the specific implementation process, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a movable tube 6 is provided on the outer side of the first screw mechanism 302 , the inner wall of the movable tube 6 is slidably connected to the outer side of the blocking rod 303 , a second cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the movable tube 6 , and the piston rod of the second cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to one end of the blocking rod 303 .

[0021] It should be noted that: by setting up the first screw mechanism 302, under the action of the first screw mechanism 302, the movable tube 6 can be driven to move, and then the blocking rod 303 can be driven to move up and down, so that agricultural products at different heights can be blocked. At the same time, under the action of the second cylinder 7, the blocking rod 303 can be driven to extend and retract, and then under the action of the two blocking rods 303, the agricultural products can be blocked, which is convenient for cleaning dust and debris on the surface of the agricultural products.

[0022] refer to Figure 3 As shown, a first motor 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the blocking rod 303 , an output end of the first motor 8 is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder 9 , and a fixing plate 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the blocking rod 303 .

[0023] It should be noted that: by setting up the rotating cylinder 9, a first motor 8 and a rotating cylinder 9 are arranged inside the blocking rod 303. When the rotating cylinder 9 rotates, the agricultural products can be rotated while being clamped, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and efficiency of cleaning, so that every surface of the agricultural products can be cleaned, thereby ensuring that the surface dust is completely removed.

[0024] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the top of the fixed plate 10 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 11, the interior of the connecting plate 11 is connected to a connecting pipe 12, the bottom of the connecting plate 11 is connected to a first air outlet 13, the end of the connecting pipe 12 away from the connecting plate 11 is connected to a connecting pipe 14, and the inner wall of the connecting pipe 14 is slidably connected to the outer side of the connecting pipe 12.

[0025] The outer side of the connecting pipe 14 is connected to a second side pipe 15 , and one end of the second side pipe 15 away from the connecting pipe 14 is connected to an air outlet plate 16 .

[0026] One side of the air outlet plate 16 is connected to an air outlet pipe 17 , and the bottom of the air outlet pipe 17 is connected to a second air outlet head 18 .

[0027] One end of the connecting pipe 14 away from the connecting pipe 12 is connected to the delivery pipe 19 , and one end of the delivery pipe 19 away from the connecting pipe 14 is connected to the air outlet of the first fan 304 .

[0028] It should be noted that: when the first fan 304 is started, the outside air can be extracted under the action of the first fan 304, and then the air is transported through the delivery pipe 19 and the connecting pipe 14. Under the action of the first air outlet 13 and the second air outlet 18, the uniformity and coverage of the air spray can be improved, and the cleaning effect is improved through the action of multi-directional wind. At the same time, the sliding connection between the connecting pipe 12 and the connecting pipe 14 ensures that the air supply of the blocking rod 303 is not affected during the movement.

[0029] refer to Figure 2 As shown, the top of the adjusting cover 305 is fixedly connected to the moving rod 20, the outer side of the moving rod 20 is threadedly connected to the transmission tube 21, the top of the transmission tube 21 is fixedly connected to the second motor 22, the top of the second motor 22 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box 301, the top of the adjusting cover 305 is fixedly connected to the bottom rod 23, the outer side of the bottom rod 23 is slidably connected to the fixed tube 24, and the top of the fixed tube 24 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box 301.

[0030] It should be noted that: during the process of cleaning agricultural products, the second motor 22 is started. Under the action of the second motor 22, the transmission tube 21 can be driven to rotate, and then the transmission tube 21 can drive the moving rod 20 to move, thereby adjusting the height of the adjustment cover 305, so that the adjustment cover 305 can flexibly adjust its position to cover and control the diffusion range of dust. At the same time, the sliding connection between the bottom rod 23 and the fixed tube 24 allows the adjustment cover 305 to remain stable during the movement process.

[0031] refer to Figure 4 As shown, the air inlet of the second fan 401 is connected to the extraction pipe 25, the outer side of the extraction pipe 25 is provided with a solenoid valve 26, the bottom of the extraction pipe 25 is connected to the bottom pipe 27, the outer side of the bottom pipe 27 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the extraction pipe 25, the bottom of the bottom pipe 27 is connected to the support pipe 28, one end of the support pipe 28 is connected to the annular pipe 29, and the bottom of the annular pipe 29 is connected to the extraction head 30.

[0032] It should be noted that: after the adjustment cover 305 moves to the specified position, the second fan 401 is started. Under the action of the second fan 401, the dust and debris inside the adjustment cover 305 can be extracted and transported through the extraction pipe 25 and the extraction head 30, so that the dust can be uniformly collected and processed inside the dust box 403. By setting the solenoid valve 26, it is convenient for the staff to control the dust extraction component 4, which can effectively prevent the escape of dust and facilitate the unified collection and processing of dust and debris.

[0033] The present invention also provides an agricultural product detection method based on machine vision, comprising the following steps: S1. Preliminary preparation: determine the agricultural products to be tested and their specific characteristics, and select a machine vision system with corresponding functions according to the test objectives, including hardware equipment such as light sources, image sensors, image acquisition cards, computers, and image processing and analysis software; S2. Equipment debugging: According to the size range of the agricultural products, the height of the machine vision detector 504 is adjusted by the first cylinder 503, and the lateral position of the machine vision detector 504 is adjusted by the second screw mechanism 502; S3, agricultural product cleaning: the agricultural products to be tested are placed on the top of the conveyor belt 1, and the dust and other debris on the outside of the agricultural products are cleaned by the cleaning component 3, while the dust extraction component 4 conveys and uniformly collects the scattered dust and the like; S4, image acquisition: the agricultural products on the top of the conveyor belt 1 are imaged by the machine vision detector 504 to obtain clear image data; S5, image preprocessing: preprocessing the collected images, and then use image processing algorithms to extract key features of agricultural products; S6, analysis and judgment: according to the extracted features, establish the corresponding classification, recognition or evaluation results, then compare the extracted features, and then analyze and judge; S7. Result output and feedback: Present the test results in a visual form and provide feedback on the production process of agricultural products based on the test results.

[0034] The working principle of the agricultural product detection device and method based on machine vision provided by the present invention is as follows: When the staff needs to use this device to inspect agricultural products, they first need to clarify the specific agricultural products to be inspected and their key features, and then select and build a suitable machine vision system based on these features. Then, according to the size and shape of the agricultural products, the staff adjusts the height of the machine vision detector 504 through the first cylinder 503 to ensure that the lens can clearly capture the complete image of the agricultural products. At the same time, the second screw mechanism 502 starts to operate, thereby fine-tuning the lateral position of the machine vision detector 504, further optimizing the field of view, and ensuring the accuracy and comprehensiveness of image acquisition. The agricultural products to be inspected are placed on the top of the conveyor belt 1. According to the height of the agricultural products, the first screw mechanism 302 starts to operate. Under the action of the first screw mechanism 302, the positions of the moving tube 6 and the blocking rod 303 can be adjusted. After the blocking rod 303 moves to the specified position, the second cylinder 7 is started. Under the action of the second cylinder 7, the length of the blocking rod 303 is adjusted, so that the two blocking rods 303 can block the agricultural products. After the agricultural products are blocked, the first fan 304 is started. Under the action of the first fan 304, the outside air can be extracted and then transported through the conveying pipe 19 and the connecting pipe 14, so that the air can be ejected through the first air outlet 13 and the second air outlet 18, so as to clean the dust on the surface of the agricultural products. , start the first motor 8, under the action of the first motor 8, the rotating drum 9 can be driven to rotate, so that the agricultural products can be rotated, and then the agricultural products can be fully cleaned. In the process of cleaning the agricultural products, start the second motor 22, under the action of the second motor 22, the transmission tube 21 can be driven to rotate, and then the transmission tube 21 can drive the moving rod 20 to move, so that the adjustment cover 305 can move to the specified position to prevent dust or debris from escaping. After the adjustment cover 305 moves to the specified position, start the second fan 401, under the action of the second fan 401, the dust inside the adjustment cover 305 can be extracted through the extraction pipe 25 and the extraction head 30. The machine vision detector 504 can collect and process the agricultural products one by one, and the agricultural products can be cleaned up and processed in a unified manner. The image data of the agricultural products are quickly captured by the image sensor, and transmitted to the computer through the image acquisition card for storage and processing. The collected images are then preprocessed, including denoising, contrast enhancement, image segmentation and other steps to improve the image quality and reduce the difficulty of subsequent processing. Subsequently, the key features of the agricultural products are extracted by using the image processing algorithm, the features are compared, and the results are obtained. The test results are then presented in a visual form. At the same time, the production process of the agricultural products is fed back according to the test results.

[0035] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural product detection device based on machine vision, characterized in that: include: A conveyor belt (1), wherein a detection box (2) is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt (1); A cleaning component (3), the cleaning component (3) being arranged on the outside of the conveyor belt (1), the cleaning component (3) comprising a cleaning box (301), a first screw mechanism (302), a blocking rod (303), a first fan (304) and an adjustment cover (305); the cleaning box (301) being arranged on the outside of the conveyor belt (1); the first screw mechanism (302) being arranged inside the cleaning box (301); the blocking rod (303) being arranged inside the cleaning box (301); the first fan (304) being fixedly connected inside the cleaning box (301); the adjustment cover (305) being slidably connected inside the cleaning box (301); and a PLC controller (31) being arranged on the front surface of the cleaning box (301); A dust extraction component (4), the dust extraction component (4) being arranged on the top of the conveyor belt (1), the dust extraction component (4) comprising a second fan (401), a first side pipe (402) and a dust collection box (403), the second fan (401) being fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning box (301), the air inlet of the second fan (401) being connected to the first side pipe (402), and the air outlet of the second fan (401) being connected to the dust collection box (403); An adjustment component (5), the adjustment component (5) being arranged inside the detection box (2), the adjustment component (5) comprising a fixing bar (501), a second screw mechanism (502), a first cylinder (503) and a machine vision detector (504), the fixing bar (501) being fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the detection box (2), the second screw mechanism (502) being arranged inside the fixing bar (501), the first cylinder (503) being arranged outside the second screw mechanism (502), and the piston rod of the first cylinder (503) being fixedly connected to the machine vision detector (504).

2. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable tube (6) is arranged on the outer side of the first screw mechanism (302); the inner wall of the movable tube (6) is slidably connected to the outer side of the blocking rod (303); a second cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the movable tube (6); and the piston rod of the second cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to one end of the blocking rod (303).

3. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first motor (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the blocking rod (303); an output end of the first motor (8) is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder (9); and a fixing plate (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the blocking rod (303).

4. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The top of the fixed plate (10) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (11), the interior of the connecting plate (11) is connected to a connecting pipe (12), the bottom of the connecting plate (11) is connected to a first air outlet (13), one end of the connecting pipe (12) away from the connecting plate (11) is connected to a connecting pipe (14), and the inner wall of the connecting pipe (14) is slidably connected to the outer side of the connecting pipe (12).

5. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side of the connecting pipe (14) is connected to a second side pipe (15), and one end of the second side pipe (15) away from the connecting pipe (14) is connected to an air outlet plate (16).

6. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the air outlet plate (16) is connected to an air outlet pipe (17), and the bottom of the air outlet pipe (17) is connected to a second air outlet head (18).

7. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the connecting pipe (14) away from the connecting pipe (12) is connected to a delivery pipe (19), and one end of the delivery pipe (19) away from the connecting pipe (14) is connected to an air outlet of the first fan (304).

8. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the adjustment cover (305) is fixedly connected to a moving rod (20), the outer side of the moving rod (20) is threadedly connected to a transmission tube (21), the top of the transmission tube (21) is fixedly connected to a second motor (22), the top of the second motor (22) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box (301), the top of the adjustment cover (305) is fixedly connected to a bottom rod (23), the outer side of the bottom rod (23) is slidably connected to a fixed tube (24), and the top of the fixed tube (24) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the cleaning box (301).

9. The agricultural product detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the second fan (401) is connected to an extraction pipe (25), an electromagnetic valve (26) is arranged on the outside of the extraction pipe (25), the bottom of the extraction pipe (25) is connected to a bottom pipe (27), the outside of the bottom pipe (27) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the extraction pipe (25), the bottom of the bottom pipe (27) is connected to a support pipe (28), one end of the support pipe (28) is connected to an annular pipe (29), and the bottom of the annular pipe (29) is connected to an extraction head (30).

10. The method for detecting agricultural products based on machine vision according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preliminary preparation: determine the agricultural products to be tested and their specific characteristics, and select a machine vision system with corresponding functions according to the test objectives, including hardware equipment such as light sources, image sensors, image acquisition cards, computers, and image processing and analysis software; S2, equipment debugging: according to the size range of the agricultural products, the height of the machine vision detector (504) is adjusted by the first cylinder (503), and the lateral position of the machine vision detector (504) is adjusted by the second screw mechanism (502); S3, cleaning of agricultural products: placing the agricultural products to be inspected on the top of the conveyor belt (1), and using the cleaning component (3) to clean the dust and other debris on the outside of the agricultural products, while the dust extraction component (4) conveys and uniformly collects the scattered dust and the like; S4, image acquisition: the agricultural products on the top of the conveyor belt (1) are imaged by a machine vision detector (504) to obtain clear image data; S5, image preprocessing: preprocessing the collected images, and then use image processing algorithms to extract key features of agricultural products; S6, analysis and judgment: according to the extracted features, establish the corresponding classification, recognition or evaluation results, then compare the extracted features, and then analyze and judge; S7. Result output and feedback: Present the test results in a visual form and provide feedback on the production process of agricultural products based on the test results.

Images