Flaw detection method based on steel rail welding seam integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a flaw detection method based on steel rail welding seam integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment, which is characterized in that when rail bottom scanning operation is carried out, a probe is enabled to carry out scanning with different deflection angles in a time period of a return stroke of the probe by utilizing a back-and-forth stroke of the probe, so that the detection accuracy of the rail bottom scanning operation is improved; even if the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms carry out forward-stroke scanning and return-stroke scanning at the same time, forward-stroke scanning and return-stroke scanning are both carried out only once, after forward-stroke scanning is completed, deflection angles of probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are adjusted at the same time, and then return-stroke scanning is carried out; and the coverage area of the forward-stroke scanning and the coverage area of the return-stroke scanning cover the whole rail bottom, so that comprehensive flaw detection scanning is performed on the rail bottom in one back-and-forth period of the rail bottom scanning mechanism, the overall flaw detection scanning time is shortened, and the flaw detection scanning efficiency of a steel rail welding seam is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection, and in particular to a flaw detection method based on rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment. Background Art

[0002] At present, high-speed rail tracks are made of multiple sections of seamless rails that are welded and laid. In the daily maintenance of rails, due to the characteristics of many welds, wide distribution, and long travel, the scanning operation is greatly affected by human operation, resulting in low efficiency of manual scanning of the weld rail bottom; and there are many areas with high damage at the rail bottom, which cannot be fully covered by a single scanning mode. It is necessary to use a variety of equipment to perform different types of scanning on a variety of different areas, and the workload required is very large. In some rail scanning and flaw detection operations, due to the high labor intensity of manual scanning operations, high requirements for scanning techniques, and high sensitivity to the position, angle, coupling and technique control of the probe, different inspection personnel often obtain different test results, which are greatly affected by human factors. In order to improve the detection efficiency and detection accuracy, a combination of manual scanning and electric scanning is gradually adopted for scanning operations.

[0003] With the increasing requirements for detection efficiency and detection accuracy, it is necessary to complete the inspection of rail welds within a fixed time period. This not only has time requirements, but also requires that the scanning operation range of the entire scanning device can cover the scanning area of ​​the entire rail weld within a limited time, which puts forward new requirements for the existing rail weld scanning equipment. At present, there are many flaw detection equipment with both rail bottom scanning and rail bottom scanning functions, but due to the large range of the rail bottom, rail bottom scanning requires the installation of more probes to cover the top surface of the rail bottom, which is bound to increase the weight of the entire flaw detection equipment, and the equipment structure is more complicated, increasing the difficulty of operation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flaw detection method based on an integrated comprehensive flaw detection device for rail welds, which can perform a more effective all-round integrated flaw detection scan on rail welds, reduce the overall flaw detection scan time, and improve the flaw detection scan efficiency of rail welds. The adopted technical solution is as follows: A flaw detection method based on rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment, comprising scanning the rail head and scanning the rail bottom in sequence; When scanning the rail head, the rail head scanning mechanism disposed on the bottom of the frame of the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment is used for scanning; when scanning the rail bottom, two rail bottom scanning mechanisms disposed on the left and right sides of the rail head scanning mechanism are used to scan the rail bottoms on both sides of the rail respectively; the characteristics are: When the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are scanning the rail bottom, the linkage driving mechanism arranged on the frame drives the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms to move in the same direction at the same time, so as to simultaneously perform the outward scanning and the return scanning, and the outward scanning and the return scanning are each performed only once; after completing the outward scanning, the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are adjusted at the same time, and then the return scanning is performed; When the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms perform outbound scanning or return scanning at the same time, a manual scanning mode or an electric scanning mode is selected: during manual scanning, a first encoder is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism; during electric scanning, a second encoder is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism; The frame is provided with a magnetic adsorption component. When the rail bottom scanning mechanism adopts an electric scanning method, the magnetic adsorption component is turned on so that the frame is adsorbed and fixed on the rail head through the magnetic adsorption component. When the rail head scanning mechanism and the rail bottom scanning mechanism adopt manual scanning, the magnetic adsorption component is closed.

[0005] The rail head scanning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the frame, and may include a certain number of array scanning probes and phased array scanning probes according to the scanning requirements; during scanning, the frame is placed on the surface of the rail head, and the frame is manually pushed to move along the rail, so that the various probes of the rail head scanning mechanism can scan and detect the rail head and rail waist.

[0006] The above-mentioned rail bottom scanning mechanism is arranged on the frame and is respectively located on the left and right sides of the rail head scanning mechanism, for scanning the rail bottom of one side of the rail, and includes at least one probe; in the prior art, when the probe is used to scan the rail bottom, after the probe moves from the starting position along the length direction of the rail for scanning, it needs to be reset to return the probe to the starting position; therefore, the present invention utilizes the round trip distance of the probe, and allows the probe to scan at different deflection angles within a round trip time period of the probe, even if the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms perform outbound scanning and return scanning at the same time, the outbound scanning and return scanning are only performed once, and after the outbound scanning is completed, the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are adjusted at the same time, and then the return scanning is performed; the coverage area of ​​the outbound scanning and the coverage area of ​​the return scanning cover the entire rail bottom, so that the rail bottom is fully inspected within one round trip cycle of the rail bottom scanning mechanism, reducing the overall inspection time and improving the inspection efficiency of the rail weld.

[0007] The magnetic adsorption assembly usually includes a plurality of switch magnets arranged on a frame. The switch magnets can be arranged at the bottom of the frame or outside the frame to be adsorbed on the surface of the rail head or the outer side surfaces on both sides of the rail head.

[0008] Usually, the rail bottom scanning mechanism has two scanning modes: manual scanning and electric scanning. When performing manual scanning, the relative positions of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms and the frame remain unchanged, and the inspection personnel manually push the frame to move on the rail surface, so that the probe of the rail bottom scanning mechanism performs flaw detection scanning along the top surface of the rail bottom. Therefore, a first encoder is set to encode and record the real-time position of the frame, that is, to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism. When performing electric scanning, the frame is placed on the rail surface and does not move, and the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are driven by an independent linkage drive mechanism. The relative positions of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms and the frame change, and a second encoder is required to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism to ensure that the encoding records of manual scanning and electric scanning do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the accuracy of flaw detection scanning.

[0009] Since the linkage drive mechanism drives the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms to perform outbound scanning or return scanning at the same time, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second encoder is installed on the power output end of the linkage drive mechanism for linkage to encode and record the real-time position of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linkage drive mechanism is a synchronous belt drive mechanism, which is provided with two installation sections along the front-to-back direction and in the same direction, the two installation sections are respectively located on the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame, and the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are respectively installed on the corresponding installation sections; the second encoder is linked with the synchronous belt. Two installation sections along the front-to-back direction and in the same direction are provided on the synchronous belt drive mechanism to drive the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms to move in the same direction at the same time. The second encoder is linked with the synchronous belt to accurately encode and record the real-time positions of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms.

[0011] In order to make the structure of the entire flaw detection equipment more compact, as a further preferred solution of the present invention, the rail head scanning mechanism is located between the two installation sections.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rail bottom scanning mechanism can be retractable: when the rail head scanning operation is performed, the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are retracted and leave the rail bottom; when the rail bottom scanning operation is performed, the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are lowered, and the probes of the rail bottom scanning mechanisms are made to be close to the rail bottom surface through height adaptation adjustment.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rail bottom scanning mechanism includes a fixed part, a movable part, a height adjustment component, an angle adjustment component, a probe frame and a probe, wherein the fixed part is connected to the power output end of the linkage drive mechanism; one end of the movable part is rotatably connected to the fixed part, the upper part of the height adjustment component is adjustably connected to the other end of the movable part, the angle adjustment component and the probe frame are arranged at the lower part of the height adjustment component, and the probe is fixedly mounted on the probe frame; when scanning the rail bottom, the following steps are included: (1) Swing the movable part from the horizontal position to the vertical position and then fix it so that the probe faces the surface of the rail bottom; (2) Adjust the height of the probe through the height adjustment component so that the probe is attached to the corresponding rail bottom surface; (3) Confirm whether the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are consistent. If not, adjust them to be consistent through the angle adjustment component; (4) Starting the linkage drive mechanism to make the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms move in the same direction, so that the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms can scan the rail bottom surface in the forward direction while keeping the deflection angle consistent; (5) After the probe reaches the end point of the outbound scan, the linkage drive mechanism stops, and the angle adjustment component simultaneously adjusts the deflection angles of the two probes so that the probes can cover the entire rail bottom surface during the return scan and the outbound scan; (6) Start the linkage drive mechanism again to make the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms move in the same direction, so that the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms can perform a return scan on the rail bottom surface while maintaining the same deflection angle.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed part is a translation seat, the movable part is a swing arm, the upper end of the swing arm is swingably mounted on the translation seat through a rotating shaft, a through hole along the left and right directions is opened on the upper part of the swing arm, a swing locking pin is inserted in the through hole, and a horizontal positioning hole and a vertical positioning hole are provided on the translation seat; when the swing arm is in a horizontal position, the swing locking pin is plugged into and matched with the horizontal positioning hole, and when the swing arm is in a vertical position, the swing locking pin is plugged into and matched with the vertical positioning hole.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height adjustment assembly includes a height adjustment rod and a height locking screw. The lower part of the swing arm is hollow, and the upper part of the height adjustment rod is sleeved in the lower part of the swing arm. The lower part of the swing arm is provided with a screw hole along its length direction. The height locking screw is threadedly matched with the screw hole, and the inner end of the height locking screw is tightened against the surface of the height adjustment rod.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment assembly includes an angle fixing frame and an angle positioning pin; the angle fixing frame is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the height adjustment rod, and the angle fixing frame is provided with at least two probe positioning holes corresponding to different probe deflection angles; the probe frame can be rotatably mounted on the lower end of the height adjustment rod and is located below the angle fixing frame, and the angle positioning pin is movably plugged into the probe frame, and the inner end of the angle positioning pin is plug-matched with one of the probe positioning holes; when adjusting the deflection angle of the probe, the probe frame is rotated, the angle positioning pin is aligned with a desired probe positioning hole and then inserted, so that the inner end of the angle positioning pin cooperates with the probe positioning hole, thereby fixing the deflection angle of the probe.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The flaw detection method based on the integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment for rail welds of the present invention utilizes the round trip distance of the probe during the rail bottom scanning operation. Within the time period of one round trip of the probe, the probe is allowed to perform scanning at different deflection angles. Even if two rail bottom scanning mechanisms perform forward scanning and return scanning at the same time, the forward scanning and return scanning are each performed only once. After the forward scanning is completed, the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are adjusted simultaneously, and then the return scanning is performed. The coverage area of ​​the forward scanning and the coverage area of ​​the return scanning cover the entire rail bottom, so that the rail bottom is fully flaw-detected and scanned within one round trip cycle of the rail bottom scanning mechanism, thereby reducing the overall flaw-detection scanning time and improving the flaw-detection scanning efficiency of rail welds. (2) A first encoder and a second encoder are provided respectively. The first encoder encodes and records the real-time position of the frame during manual scanning, and the second encoder encodes and records the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism during electric scanning, so as to ensure that the encoding records of manual scanning and electric scanning do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the accuracy of flaw detection scanning.

[0018] (3) The frame is equipped with a magnetic adsorption component. When the rail bottom scanning mechanism adopts the electric scanning mode, the magnetic adsorption component is turned on so that the frame is adsorbed and fixed on the surface of the rail head through the magnetic adsorption component, thereby improving the stability of the entire flaw detection equipment during electric scanning and ensuring the accuracy of the flaw detection scanning operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a state diagram of the flaw detection equipment during the rail head scanning operation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a state diagram of the flaw detection equipment during the outbound scanning of the rail bottom scanning operation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a state diagram of the flaw detection equipment during the return scan of the rail bottom scanning operation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figures 1 to 3Bottom view of the middle frame; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Bottom view of the middle frame without the shell; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the mid-rail bottom scanning mechanism in the retracted state; Figure 7 for Figure 2 and Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the mid-rail bottom scanning mechanism in the lowered state; Figure 8 for Figure 2 A top view of the probe frame of the mid-rail bottom scanning mechanism during outbound scanning; Fig. 9 for Figure 3 A top view of the probe holder of the mid-rail bottom scanning mechanism during the return scan; Among them, the labels are: 1-frame, 2-rail head scanning mechanism, 201-array scanning probe, 202-phased array scanning probe; 3-linked driving mechanism, 301-driving motor, 302-driving wheel, 303-driven wheel, 304-synchronous belt, 305-guide rail, 300-installation section; 4-rail bottom scanning mechanism, 401-translation seat, 4011-horizontal positioning hole, 4012-vertical positioning hole, 402-swing arm, 4021-screw hole, 403-height adjustment assembly, 4031-height adjustment rod, 4032-height locking screw, 404-angle adjustment assembly, 4041-angle fixing bracket, 4042-angle positioning pin, 4043-probe positioning socket, 405-probe bracket, 406-probe (rail bottom scanning), 407-rotating shaft, 408-swing locking pin; 5-switch magnet, 6-first encoder, 7-second encoder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is a further description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In this embodiment, a specific implementation of a rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection device applied to the flaw detection method of the preferred implementation mode of the present invention is provided.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the rail weld integrated flaw detection equipment includes a frame 1, a rail head scanning mechanism 2, a linkage drive mechanism 3 and two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4; the linkage drive mechanism 3 is arranged on the frame 1. In this embodiment, the linkage drive mechanism 3 adopts a synchronous belt drive mechanism, which specifically includes a driving motor 301, a driving wheel 302, a plurality of driven wheels 303, a synchronous belt 304, and two guide rails 305. The driving motor 301 is fixedly installed on the frame 1, the driving wheel 302 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 301, and the plurality of driven wheels 303 are rotatably installed on the frame 1. The driving wheel 302 and the plurality of driven wheels 303 jointly tension the synchronous belt 304; as shown Figure 5 As shown, the synchronous belt 304 is provided with two mounting sections 300 along the front-to-back direction and in the same direction, the two mounting sections 300 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame 1, two guide rails 305 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame 1 and correspond one-to-one to the two mounting sections 300, and two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are respectively installed on the corresponding mounting sections 300 and can move forward and backward along the corresponding guide rails 305 driven by the synchronous belt 304; the second encoder 7 cooperates with the synchronous belt 304.

[0023] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the frame 1 is also provided with a magnetic adsorption component and a mutually independent first encoder 6 and a second encoder 7. The magnetic adsorption component can use a plurality of switch magnets 5; the rail head scanning mechanism 2 is installed at the bottom of the frame 1 and is between the two mounting sections 300. In this embodiment, the rail head scanning mechanism 2 includes a plurality of array scanning probes 201 and two phased array scanning probes 202, which are used to scan the rail head and rail waist of the rail. Usually, the frame 1 is also provided with a plurality of small walking wheels to enable the frame 1 to move forward and backward along the rail.

[0024] like Figure 6 to Figure 7As shown, the rail bottom scanning mechanism 4 can be retracted and comprises a fixed part, a movable part, a height adjustment component 403, an angle adjustment component 404, a probe frame 405 and a probe 406; the fixed part is a translation seat 401, which is slidably mounted on the corresponding guide rail 305 and connected to the corresponding mounting section 300 of the synchronous belt 304; the movable part is a swing arm 402, the upper end of which is swingably mounted on the translation seat 401 through a rotating shaft 407, a through hole in the left and right direction (blocked and not marked in the figure) is opened on the upper part of the swing arm 402, a swing locking pin 408 is inserted in the through hole, and a horizontal positioning hole 4011 and a vertical positioning hole 4011 are provided on the translation seat 401. Positioning hole 4012, when the swing arm 402 is in a horizontal position, the swing locking pin 408 is plugged into and matched with the horizontal positioning hole 4011, and when the swing arm 402 is in a vertical position, the swing locking pin 408 is plugged into and matched with the vertical positioning hole 4012; the height adjustment component 403 includes a height adjustment rod 4031 and a height locking screw 4032, the lower part of the swing arm 402 is hollow, the upper part of the height adjustment rod 4031 is sleeved in the lower part of the swing arm 402, and the lower part of the swing arm 402 is provided with a screw hole 4021 along its length direction, the height locking screw 4032 is threadedly matched with the screw hole 4021, and the inner end of the height locking screw 4032 is tightly pressed against the surface of the height adjustment rod 4031.

[0025] like Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the angle adjustment component 404 includes an angle fixing frame 4041 and an angle positioning pin 4042. The angle fixing frame 4041 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the height adjustment rod 4031. The angle fixing frame 4041 is provided with at least two probe positioning holes 4043 corresponding to different probe deflection angles; the probe frame 405 is rotatably installed at the lower end of the height adjustment rod 4031 and is located below the angle fixing frame 4041. The angle positioning pin 4042 is movably plugged into the probe frame 405, and the inner end of the angle positioning pin 4042 is plugged into one of the probe positioning holes 4043; the probe 406 is fixedly installed on the probe frame 405.

[0026] Based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment provided in this embodiment, the corresponding flaw detection method includes the following steps: (1) Rail head scanning operation: (1-1) Place the flaw detection equipment on the rail head surface of the rail, turn off all the switch magnets 5 at the bottom of the frame 1, so that each array scanning probe 201 of the rail head scanning mechanism 2 can be attached to the rail head surface; (1-2) When the swing arms 402 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are swung up to a horizontal position, the swing locking pins 408 are plugged into and matched with the horizontal positioning holes 4011, and the rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are retracted; (1-3) Push the frame 1 forward and backward along the rail manually or by using a flaw detection vehicle to perform flaw detection and scanning operations on the rail head and rail waist; at the same time, the first encoder 6 encodes and records the real-time position of the frame 1; (2) Track bottom scanning operation: (2-1) Select the method for scanning the rail bottom: When manual scanning is selected, the switch magnet 5 at the bottom of the frame 1 remains in the closed state; when electric scanning is selected, all the switch magnets 5 at the bottom of the frame 1 are turned on to fix the frame 1 on the rail and keep it stationary; (2-2) Swing the swing arms 402 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 down to a vertical position, swing the locking pins 408 to engage with the horizontal positioning holes 4011, lower the rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4, and make the probes 406 for rail bottom scanning face the surface of the rail bottom; (2-3) Turn the height locking screw 4032 to adjust the relative position between the height adjustment rod 4031 and the swing arm 402, that is, adjust the height of the probe 406 used for rail bottom scanning to ensure that the probe 406 is attached to the corresponding rail bottom surface; (2-4) Confirm whether the deflection angles of the probes 406 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are consistent. If not, rotate the probe holder 405, align the angle positioning pin 4042 with the same probe positioning socket 4043, and insert it so that the inner end of the angle positioning pin 4042 is matched with the probe positioning socket 4043, so that the deflection angles of the probes 406 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are consistent; (2-5) The two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 move in the same direction, so that the probes 406 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 perform forward scanning of the rail bottom surface while maintaining the same deflection angle; (2-6) After reaching the end point of the outbound scan, the angles of the two probes 406 are adjusted simultaneously by the angle adjustment assembly 404, so that the probes 406 can cover the entire rail bottom surface during the outbound scan and the return scan; (2-7) The two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are driven again to move in the same direction, so that the probes 406 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 perform a return scan of the rail bottom surface while maintaining a consistent deflection angle.

[0027] In step (2-5) and step (2-7), according to the different scanning methods of the rail bottom, specifically: during manual scanning, all switch magnets 5 at the bottom of the frame 1 remain closed, and a hand push or flaw detection vehicle is used to drive the entire frame 1 to move along the rail. The first encoder 6 is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism 4 during the entire scanning process; during electric scanning, all switch magnets 5 at the bottom of the frame 1 are turned on, so that the frame 1 is fixedly placed on the surface of the rail head, and the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are driven by the linkage drive mechanism 3 to move simultaneously in the same direction. The second encoder 7 is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism 4 during the entire scanning process.

[0028] The flaw detection method based on the integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment for rail welds of the present invention utilizes the round trip distance of the probe 406 during the rail bottom scanning operation. Within the time period of one round trip of the probe 406, the probe 406 is allowed to perform scanning at different deflection angles. Even if the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 perform the outward scanning and the return scanning at the same time, the outward scanning and the return scanning are only performed once. After the outward scanning is completed, the deflection angles of the probes 406 of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms 4 are adjusted at the same time, and then the return scanning is performed. The coverage area of ​​the outward scanning and the coverage area of ​​the return scanning cover the entire rail bottom, so that the rail bottom is fully flaw-detected and scanned within one round trip cycle of the rail bottom scanning mechanism 4, thereby reducing the overall flaw-detection scanning time and improving the flaw-detection scanning efficiency of the rail welds.

[0029] In addition, this embodiment only provides a specific implementation method of the height adjustment component and the angle adjustment component. In other embodiments, other specific structures for adjusting the height and angle can be adopted according to different scanning requirements or specific conditions of the scanning equipment. No limitation is made here, as long as the purpose of adjusting the height and adjusting the angle can be achieved.

[0030] In addition, it should be noted that the names of the various parts of the specific embodiments described in this specification may be different, and any equivalent or simple changes made based on the structure, features and principles described in the patent concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the present invention. The technicians in the technical field of the present invention can make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flaw detection method based on integrated rail weld detection equipment, comprising scanning the rail head and the rail bottom in sequence; When scanning the rail head, the rail head and rail waist are scanned by the rail head scanning mechanism installed at the bottom of the frame of the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment; when scanning the rail bottom, two rail bottom scanning mechanisms installed on the left and right sides of the rail head scanning mechanism are used to scan the rail bottoms on both sides of the rail respectively; the characteristics are: When the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are performing rail bottom scanning, the linkage drive mechanism provided on the frame drives the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms to move simultaneously in the same direction, so as to simultaneously perform forward scanning and return scanning, and the forward scanning and return scanning are each performed only once; after completing the forward scanning, the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are adjusted simultaneously, and then the return scanning is performed; When the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms simultaneously perform outbound scanning or return scanning, a manual scanning mode or an electric scanning mode is selected: during manual scanning, a first encoder is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism; during electric scanning, a second encoder is used to encode and record the real-time position of the rail bottom scanning mechanism; The frame is provided with a magnetic adsorption component. When the rail bottom scanning mechanism adopts an electric scanning mode, the magnetic adsorption component is turned on so that the frame is adsorbed and fixed on the rail head through the magnetic adsorption component. When the rail head scanning mechanism and the rail bottom scanning mechanism adopt manual scanning, the magnetic adsorption component is turned off.

2. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second encoder is installed on the power output end of the linkage drive mechanism for linkage, and encodes and records the real-time positions of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms.

3. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linkage drive mechanism is a synchronous belt drive mechanism, which is provided with two installation sections along the front-to-back direction and in the same direction. The two installation sections are respectively located on the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame, and the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are respectively installed on the corresponding installation sections; the second encoder is linked with the synchronous belt.

4. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rail head scanning mechanism is located between the two installation sections.

5. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The rail bottom scanning mechanism can be retractable: when performing rail head scanning operations, the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are retracted and away from the rail bottom; when performing rail bottom scanning operations, the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are lowered, and the probes of the rail bottom scanning mechanisms are made to be close to the rail bottom surface through height adaptation adjustment.

6. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rail bottom scanning mechanism includes a fixed part, a movable part, a height adjustment component, an angle adjustment component, a probe frame and a probe, wherein the fixed part is connected to the power output end of the linkage drive mechanism; one end of the movable part is rotatably connected to the fixed part, the upper part of the height adjustment component is adjustably connected to the other end of the movable part, the angle adjustment component and the probe frame are arranged at the lower part of the height adjustment component, and the probe is fixedly mounted on the probe frame; when performing rail bottom scanning, the following steps are included: (1) Swing the movable part from the horizontal position to the vertical position and then fix it so that the probe faces the surface of the rail bottom; (2) Adjust the height of the probe through the height adjustment component so that the probe is attached to the corresponding rail bottom surface; (3) Confirm whether the deflection angles of the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms are consistent. If not, adjust them to be consistent through the angle adjustment component; (4) Start the linkage drive mechanism to make the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms move in the same direction, so that the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms can scan the rail bottom surface in the forward direction while keeping the deflection angle consistent; (5) After the probe reaches the end point of the forward scan, the linkage drive mechanism stops, and the angle adjustment component simultaneously adjusts the deflection angles of the two probes so that the probes can cover the entire rail bottom surface during the return scan and the forward scan; (6) Start the linkage drive mechanism again to make the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms move in the same direction, so that the probes of the two rail bottom scanning mechanisms can perform a return scan on the rail bottom surface while keeping the deflection angle consistent.

7. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed part is a translation seat, and the movable part is a swing arm. The upper end of the swing arm is swingably mounted on the translation seat through a rotating shaft. A through hole is opened in the left and right directions on the upper part of the swing arm, and a swing locking pin is inserted into the through hole. A horizontal positioning hole and a vertical positioning hole are provided on the translation seat; when the swing arm is in a horizontal position, the swing locking pin is plugged into and matched with the horizontal positioning hole, and when the swing arm is in a vertical position, the swing locking pin is plugged into and matched with the vertical positioning hole.

8. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The height adjustment assembly includes a height adjustment rod and a height locking screw. The lower part of the swing arm is hollow, and the upper part of the height adjustment rod is sleeved in the lower part of the swing arm. The lower part of the swing arm is provided with a screw hole along its length direction. The height locking screw is threadedly engaged with the screw hole, and the inner end of the height locking screw is tightened against the surface of the height adjustment rod.

9. The flaw detection method based on the rail weld integrated comprehensive flaw detection equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly includes an angle fixing frame and an angle positioning pin; the angle fixing frame is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the height adjustment rod, and the angle fixing frame is provided with at least two probe positioning holes corresponding to different probe deflection angles; the probe frame can be rotatably mounted on the lower end of the height adjustment rod and is located below the angle fixing frame, and the angle positioning pin is movably plugged into the probe frame, and the inner end of the angle positioning pin is plugged into and matched with one of the probe positioning holes; when adjusting the deflection angle of the probe, the probe frame is rotated, the angle positioning pin is aligned with the required probe positioning hole and then inserted, so that the inner end of the angle positioning pin is matched with the probe positioning hole, thereby fixing the deflection angle of the probe.

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