A method for dynamically realizing changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on the surface of microplastics during environmental migration. Multiple locations and placement times are set up in the environment. Microplastics initially without microbial attachment are placed in the environment for pre-cultivation. Microplastics with microorganisms colonized on their surface after pre-cultivation at the previous location are then simulated to migrate, while some microplastics are retained at the previous and next locations as control groups. After the simulated migration, the incubation time is reset, and the migrated microorganisms remain at the next location for the specified incubation time. Simulated migrated microplastics are then recovered at the next location, while control group microplastics are recovered at the previous and next locations. Microplastics after further incubation are recovered and their surface microorganisms are analyzed. The simulated migrated microplastics are compared with the control group. This invention makes the migration process of microplastics in the environment controllable by artificially changing the incubation location, and is applicable to simulating all migration paths and all incubation times.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental microbiology and new pollutants, and in particular, it is a controlled controllable method for studying the changes in surface microbial communities under different residence times during the migration of microplastics in the environment. Background Technology

[0002] Plastic products are widely used in human production and daily life. Due to improper disposal, plastics enter the environment and, under the influence of light, weathering, particle friction, and microorganisms, shrink in size to become microplastics. Currently, microplastics are widespread in the environment, becoming a new type of pollutant. Due to their large specific surface area, strong hydrophobicity, and chemical stability, microplastics are excellent carriers for microbial attachment. When microplastics migrate in the environment, the microorganisms attached to their surface will inevitably move with them. However, it is still impossible to determine whether microplastics can carry the microorganisms on their surface to a new environment and persist stably.

[0003] It is generally believed that the microbial community on the surface of microplastics differs from that in natural media such as water and sediments. Because the original source of randomly collected microplastics in the environment is unknown, and their residence time at that location is also unknown, it is difficult to trace their migration paths. Therefore, by in-situ culturing biofilms on the surface of microplastics in a natural environment and then artificially changing their location, the migration process of microplastics in the environment was simulated in a controllable manner. Different culturing times were considered to simulate different residence times of microplastics in the environment. Control groups of microplastics that were always in-situ cultured were set up in different environments before and after migration to analyze the changes in the microorganisms attached to the surface of microplastics during environmental migration.

[0004] Explanation of relevant terms:

[0005] Microplastics: mixtures of different shapes, colors, sizes and polymer types with a particle size not exceeding 5 mm, first proposed by Richard C. Thompson in a paper published in the journal Science in 2004.

[0006] In situ culture: placing samples at fixed locations in the field to allow the surface of the samples to be covered with microbial communities from the environment, without changing the geographical location or environment during the culture process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to propose a method for dynamically realizing the changes in surface microbial communities during microplastic migration. By artificially changing the culture location, the migration process of microplastics in the environment can be made controllable. Different culture times and recovery times are set to fully represent the actual situation of different residence times of microplastics in the environment. Microplastics with the same culture time are used as a control group to avoid the difference between free growth and attached growth of microorganisms. The changes in the microbial community on the surface of microplastics before and after migration can be fully analyzed.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a method for dynamically realizing changes in the microbial community on the surface of microplastics during environmental migration, comprising:

[0009] A method for dynamically realizing changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration includes:

[0010] Multiple groups of microplastics were placed at various locations for pre-incubation at different time points. The pre-incubation time for each group of microplastics at the original location before the simulated migration was set. Formal definitions included: setting the maximum pre-incubation time of the microplastics before the simulated migration as x. n The pre-culture time for each group of microplastics was x. a The pre-culture time index sequence is a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n, where n represents the index of each group of microplastics. The time for placing the first group of microplastics is set as day 0, and the time for simulating migration is day x. n On day (x), the time for pre-culturing each group of microplastics was respectively on day (x) n -x a ) days; Select the pre-culture environment of each group of microplastics at each point before the simulated migration, and place multiple groups of microplastics at each point for in-situ pre-culture;

[0011] The migration process of microplastics with microorganisms colonized on their surface after pre-culturing at the original site was simulated, while some microplastics were retained at the original site as a control group. According to the pre-culturing time of each group of microplastics, (2m+1) groups of microplastics were placed at the original site before migration at each time point, and (m+1) groups of microplastics were placed at the new site after migration, simulating m different continued culturing times after migration; at time x... n On that day, microplastics with different pre-incubation times were collected from both the original and new sites before migration, with x microplastics collected from each site. a One group of microplastics was collected from each location, totaling n groups at each location, representing the microorganisms on the surface of microplastics that had been pre-cultured in situ for different times at each location. The migration process was simulated by collecting m groups of microplastics from the previous location, gently rinsing the surface of the microplastics with filtered water from the current location, preserving them with ice packs during transportation to protect the microorganisms, and carrying them to the next location on the migration path, placing them under the same environmental conditions as the microplastics pre-cultured at the next location. A control group of microplastics was set up, and m groups of microplastics were kept and cultured at each location throughout the entire process.

[0012] After the simulated migration, the incubation time was reset. The microorganisms remained in the new environment according to the incubation time after migration. The simulated migration microplastics were recovered at the next location, and the control group microplastics were recovered at the previous and next locations, respectively.

[0013] Microplastics cultured in the environment were recovered, and the simulated migration microplastics were compared with the control group. The comparative analysis included comparing the differences in surface microorganisms of simulated migration microplastics recovered at the next location and microplastics recovered at the previous location before simulated migration, so as to obtain the microbial situation of simulated migration microplastics continuing to colonize in the new environment after the change of environment; and comparing the surface microorganisms of simulated migration microplastics recovered at the same time and control group microplastics to study the variation characteristics of surface microorganisms of migrating microplastics before and after simulated migration under different residence times in the original environment and the new environment.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0015] 1. Taking into full account the influence of the substrate on the growth of attached microorganisms, surface microorganisms of the same type of microplastic cultured in the environment before and after migration were used as a control group;

[0016] 2. Taking into full account the differences in the microbial community at different colonization stages, the microbial community on the surface of microplastics with the same culture time was selected as the control group;

[0017] 3. Applicable to simulation of all migration paths and all culture times. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of a method for dynamically realizing changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration, according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of in-situ culture of biofilms on microplastic surfaces;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram simulating microplastic migration;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating microplastic recycling;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall method and timeline. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to the present invention includes the following specific steps:

[0025] Step 1: Place the microplastics, initially without microbial attachment on their surface, in a natural environment for pre-cultivation, such as... Figure 1As shown, for example, multiple groups of microplastics are placed at points A and B, that is, multiple culture sites are set in the environment, and multiple placement times are set for each group of microplastics.

[0026] Step 1-1: Simulate the different residence times of microplastics in their original environment before migration, i.e., the pre-incubation time. Place multiple groups of microplastics at various locations at different time points for pre-incubation. Set the pre-incubation time for each group of microplastics at the original location before the simulated migration. Formal definitions include: setting the maximum pre-incubation (retention) time of microplastics before the simulated migration as x. n The pre-culture time for each group of microplastics was x. a The pre-culture time index sequence is a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n, where n represents the index of each group of microplastics. The time for placing the first group of microplastics is set as day 0, and the time for simulating migration is day x. n On day (x), the time for pre-culturing each group of microplastics was respectively on day (x) n -x a )sky;

[0027] Steps 1-2: Select the pre-culture environment of each group of microplastics at each point before the simulated migration, including placing multiple groups of microplastics at each point for in-situ pre-culture; for example, if the simulated migration path is from point A to point B, place multiple groups of microplastics at points A and B respectively for in-situ pre-culture.

[0028] Steps 1-3: Obtain microplastics to be placed at various locations for pre-culture before simulated migration. The processing steps include rinsing the surface of the microplastics three times with 95% ethanol before placing them, and then rinsing the surface of the microplastics three times with ultrapure water to ensure that there are no microorganisms attached to the surface of the microplastics before culture.

[0029] Step 2: Simulate the migration process by changing the location of the microplastics pre-cultured at the original site with microorganisms colonized on the surface, to simulate the migration process of microplastics in the environment, while retaining some microplastics at the original site as a control group; according to the pre-culture time of each group of microplastics in Step 1-1, place (2m+1) groups of microplastics at point A and (m+1) groups of microplastics at point B at each time point, simulating the migration, there are m different ways to continue the culture time;

[0030] like Figure 2 The diagram shows an in situ culture of biofilm on a microplastic surface, with migration paths formed between the points.

[0031] Step 2-1: Recover the pre-cultured microplastics, that is, recover the microplastics with different pre-culture times at points A and B respectively, and recover x pre-cultured microplastics at each point. aOne group of microplastics was collected for each day, with a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n. There were a total of n groups at each location, representing the microorganisms on the surface of microplastics that had been pre-cultured (residual) for different times at each location.

[0032] Step 2-2: Simulate the migration process: After recovering m groups of microplastics at point A, gently rinse the surface of the microplastics with filtered water from point A. During transportation, use ice packs to preserve the microorganisms and carry them to point B, placing them under the same environmental conditions as the microplastics pre-cultured at point B in step 1.

[0033] Steps 2-3: Set up a control group of microplastics, that is, continue to culture the m groups of microplastics at points A and B at points A and B respectively;

[0034] Step 3: Perform microplastic recovery. This involves simulating migration and then resetting the incubation time. After migration, the microplastics remain in the new environment according to the specified incubation time. Simulated migration microplastics are recovered at point B, while control group microplastics are recovered at points A and B respectively. Figure 3 The image shown is a schematic diagram simulating microplastic migration.

[0035] Step 3-1: Set the microplastic recovery time, that is, set the maximum time for the microplastics to continue to be cultured (residual) after the simulated migration to y. m The continued cultivation time for each group is y. b On day 1, the time index sequence b = 1, 2, ..., (m-2), (m-1), m is continued, and the recovery time of each group of microplastics is respectively the (x)th day. n +y b (x) days, corresponding to the culture time of each group of microplastics (x) a +y b Day ) and the last collection time is day (x). n +y m ) Heaven, like Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of plastic recycling;

[0036] Step 3-2: Conduct simulated microplastic recycling, i.e., according to the microplastic recycling time of each group in Step 3-1, at the xth... n +y b On day 1, x cells cultured at point A were recovered at point B. a The microplastics were simulated to migrate to point B, with a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n. At each time point, n groups were collected. After collection, the surface of the microplastics was gently rinsed with filtered water from point B. Ice packs were used to preserve the microplastics during transportation.

[0037] Step 3-3: Conduct microplastic recovery for the control group, i.e., according to the microplastic recovery time of each group in Step 3-1, on the (x)th day... n +yb On day 1, x cells cultured at points A and B were recovered respectively. a The Empress continued to cultivate Y at that location. b The control group of microplastics was a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n. At each time point, n groups were collected from point A and point B. After collection, the surface of the microplastics was gently rinsed with filtered water from the current point. Ice packs were used to preserve the microplastics during transportation.

[0038] Step 4: Conduct microbial data analysis, which involves recovering and analyzing the surface microorganisms of the microplastics after they have been cultured in the environment, and comparing the simulated migrating microplastics with the control group.

[0039] Step 4-1: Isolate and extract microorganisms from the surface of microplastics, that is, after transporting microplastics to the laboratory at each recovery time point, isolate and extract microorganisms from the surface of microplastics as soon as possible;

[0040] Step 4-2: Set up a control group, i.e., the microplastics that migrated from point A to point B are the migration group, and the microplastics that were always cultured at point A or point B and were recovered with the same pre-culture time and the same continued culture time are the control group (original environment before migration) and the control group (new environment after migration). Pre-culture at point A for x a Continue training at point B. b The simulated migration group of surface microorganisms was compared with the control group in the original environment before the simulated migration, which was cultured at point A (x a +y b Microorganisms on the surface of microplastics were cultured for 1 day. The control group in the new environment after migration was cultured at site B (x). a +y b Microorganisms on the surface of microplastics;

[0041] Step 4-3: Comparative analysis, that is, comparing the differences in surface microorganisms between the simulated migrating microplastics recovered at point B in step 3-2 and the microplastics recovered at point A in step 2-1, so as to obtain the microorganisms that continue to colonize the simulated migrating microplastics in the new environment after the environment is changed.

[0042] In step 4-2, the surface microorganisms of simulated migrating microplastics and control group microplastics recovered at the same time are compared to study the variation characteristics of surface microorganisms of migrating microplastics before and after simulated migration under different residence times in the original and current environments.

[0043] Furthermore, in the method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to the present invention, different pre-cultivation times x in step 1-1 are provided. a It can be an arithmetic sequence or a non-arithmetic sequence.

[0044] Furthermore, in the method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to the present invention, the in-situ culture in steps 1-2 can be set with multiple paths and multiple locations.

[0045] Furthermore, in the method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on the surface of microplastics during environmental migration, the microplastics placed in steps 1-3 can be selected according to research needs, including but not limited to water, sediment, and the interface between water and sediment.

[0046] Furthermore, this invention provides a method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on the surface of microplastics during environmental migration, wherein in step 3-1, different microplastic recovery times, y b It can be an arithmetic sequence or a non-arithmetic sequence, and it can be related to x. a The values ​​are the same or different.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for dynamically realizing changes in the microbial community on the surface of microplastics during environmental migration, which can combine steps 1-1, 1-3 and 2-1 to obtain the changes in microorganisms on the surface of microplastics in situ culture.

[0048] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below, including the following steps:

[0049] S1. In-situ culture: Polypropylene microplastics with no microorganisms initially attached to their surface were placed in an environment from a river to the sea for in-situ pre-culture, with 2 culture sites and 4 pre-culture times set up.

[0050] S1-1. Setting different pre-incubation times for microplastics at their original sites before migration: Four different residence times were set for microplastics in their original environment before migration. Since the microbial community on the surface of microplastics typically changes rapidly in the early stages and tends to stabilize in the later stages, pre-incubation at the original sites for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days were set. The experiment began on day 0, with samples placed at the original site for 14 days; samples placed at the original site for 7 days on day 7; samples placed at the original site for 3 days on day 11; and samples placed at the original site for 1 day on day 13.

[0051] S1-2. Select different environments for pre-culture at each location before simulating migration: Since the process of microplastics entering the ocean is an important process of entering the ocean from the river, the upstream of the river flowing into the sea is selected as location A, and the downstream of the river flowing into the sea is selected as location B to simulate the migration process of microplastics from the river into the sea.

[0052] S1-3. Placement of microplastics for pre-culture at the original site: To simulate the floating and flowing of microplastics in a river, widely used polypropylene was selected as a representative polymer, and the samples were cut into circles with a diameter of 4 mm. Before placement, the surface of the microplastics was rinsed three times with 95% ethanol, and then rinsed three times with ultrapure water to ensure that no microorganisms adhered to the surface of the microplastics before culture. Multiple pieces of microplastics were placed in 40-mesh nylon mesh bags with a size of 5cm×5cm, and one nylon bag was considered as a group of samples. The samples were connected and fixed to the shore with nylon ropes and placed on the water surface to float freely. Five different pre-culture times were set for the microplastics before migration. On days 0, 7, 11, and 13 of the experiment, (2×5+1)=11 groups of samples were placed at point A, and (5+1)=6 groups of samples were placed at point B.

[0053] S2, Simulated Migration: Microplastics with microorganisms colonized on their surface after pre-culturing at point A in the upstream of the river are artificially moved to point B in the downstream of the river. At the same time, some microplastics are retained at points A and B as control groups.

[0054] S2-1. Recovery of microplastics pre-cultured at the original site: Water samples were collected in advance from points A and B and filtered through a 0.22μm filter membrane to remove microorganisms. One set of samples was recovered from each of the pre-cultured samples at points A and B for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days, for a total of 4 sets of samples at each point. After recovery, the sample surface was gently rinsed with the filtered water from the corresponding point.

[0055] S2-2, Simulated migration process: After recovering the 5 groups of samples at point A, gently rinse the sample surface with filtered water from point A. During transportation, use ice packs to preserve the microorganisms and carry them to point B, placing them under the same environmental conditions as the microplastics pre-cultured at point B in step S1.

[0056] S2-3. Set up a control group of microplastics: Continue to culture the 5 groups of samples at point A at point A, and continue to culture the 5 groups of samples at point B at point B.

[0057] S3, Microplastic Recovery: After changing the location of the migrated microplastics, five more incubation periods were set. The migrated microplastics remained at point B according to the incubation period. The simulated migrated microplastics were recovered at point B, and the control group microplastics were recovered at points A and B respectively.

[0058] S3-1. Setting the microplastic recovery time: Five different residence times were set for the microplastics to continue culturing (residing) after the simulated migration. The culturing times for each group were 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days, respectively. The samples were recovered on (14+2)=16, (14+4)=18, (14+8)=22, (14+16)=30, and (14+32)=46 days, respectively.

[0059] S3-2. Microplastic recovery after simulated migration: On days 16, 18, 22, 30, and 46, one set of samples pre-cultured at point A for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days respectively was recovered at point B, for a total of 4 sets of samples recovered at each time point. For example, on day 16, four sets of samples were recovered at point B: samples pre-cultured at point A for 1 day and then continued to be cultured at point B for 2 days; samples pre-cultured at point A for 3 days and then continued to be cultured at point B for 2 days; samples pre-cultured at point A for 7 days and then continued to be cultured at point B for 2 days; and samples pre-cultured at point A for 14 days and then continued to be cultured at point B for 2 days. After sample recovery, the sample surface was gently rinsed with filtered water from point B, and ice packs were used for preservation during transportation.

[0060] S3-3. Microplastic recovery in the control group: On days 16, 18, 22, 30, and 46, one set of samples was recovered from each of sites A and B after pre-culturing for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively. This resulted in a total of four sets of samples being recovered from each site at each time point. For example, on day 16, four sets of samples were recovered from site A after culturing for (2+1)=3, (2+3)=5, (2+7)=9, and (2+14)=16 days. After recovery, the sample surface was gently rinsed with filtered water from the current site, and ice packs were used for preservation during transportation.

[0061] S4. Conduct microbial data analysis: Microplastics cultured in the environment will be recovered and surface microorganisms will be analyzed. Simulated migrating microplastics will be compared with a control group.

[0062] S4-1. Isolation and extraction of microorganisms on the surface of microplastics: On days 14, 16, 18, 22, 30 and 46 of the experiment, after the samples are recovered and transported to the laboratory, microorganisms on the surface of microplastics are isolated and extracted as soon as possible.

[0063] S4-2. Set up control groups: Microplastics that migrated from point A to point B are the migration group. Microplastics that were always cultured at point A or point B and were recovered with the same pre-culture time and the same continued culture time are the control groups for the original environment before migration and the new environment after migration, respectively. For example, a sample that was pre-cultured at point A for 3 days and then migrated to point B for 8 more days has the following control group in the original environment before migration: the sample cultured at point A for (3+8)=11 days. The control group in the new environment after migration is the sample cultured at point B for (3+8)=11 days.

[0064] S4-3. Comparative Analysis: Compare the surface microbial differences between the simulated migration samples recovered in S3-2 with those recovered at point A in S2-1, thereby obtaining the microbial situation of simulated migrating microplastics continuing to colonize at point B after the environment is changed.

[0065] In S4-2, the microorganisms on the surface of simulated migrating microplastics and control group microplastics recovered at the same time are compared to obtain the variation characteristics of microorganisms on the surface of migrating microplastics before and after the simulated migration, under different residence times at points A and B.

[0066] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically realizing changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration, characterized in that, include: Multiple groups of microplastics initially without microbial attachment were placed at various locations for pre-incubation at different time points. The pre-incubation time for each group of microplastics at the original locations before simulated migration was set, and the formal definition included: setting the maximum pre-incubation time of microplastics before simulated migration as x. n The pre-culture time for each group of microplastics was x. a The pre-culture time index sequence is a = 1, 2, ..., (n-2), (n-1), n, where n represents the index of each group of microplastics. The time for placing the first group of microplastics is set as day 0, and the time for simulating migration is day x. n On day (x), the time for pre-culturing each group of microplastics was respectively on day (x) n -x a ) days; Select the pre-culture environment of each group of microplastics at each location before the simulated migration, and place multiple groups of microplastics at each location for in-situ pre-culture; The migration process of microplastics with microorganisms colonized on their surface after pre-culturing at the original site was simulated, while some microplastics were retained at the original site as a control group. According to the pre-culturing time of each group of microplastics, (2m+1) groups of microplastics were placed at the original site before migration at each time point, and (m+1) groups of microplastics were placed at the new site after migration, simulating m different continued culturing times after migration; at time x... n On that day, microplastics with different pre-incubation times were collected from both the original and new sites before migration, with x microplastics collected from each site. a One group of microplastics was collected from each location, totaling n groups at each location, representing the microorganisms on the surface of microplastics that had been pre-cultured in situ for different times at each location. The migration process was simulated by collecting m groups of microplastics from the previous location, gently rinsing the surface of the microplastics with filtered water from the current location, preserving them with ice packs during transportation to protect the microorganisms, and carrying them to the next location on the migration path, placing them under the same environmental conditions as the microplastics pre-cultured at the next location. A control group of microplastics was set up, and m groups of microplastics were kept and cultured at each location throughout the entire process. After the simulated migration, the incubation time was reset. The microorganisms remained in the new environment according to the incubation time after migration. The simulated migration microplastics were recovered at the next location, and the control group microplastics were recovered at the previous and next locations, respectively. Microplastics cultured in the environment were recovered, and the simulated migration microplastics were compared with the control group. The comparative analysis included comparing the differences in surface microorganisms of simulated migration microplastics recovered at the next location and microplastics recovered at the previous location before simulated migration, so as to obtain the microbial situation of simulated migration microplastics continuing to colonize in the new environment after the change of environment; and comparing the surface microorganisms of simulated migration microplastics recovered at the same time and control group microplastics to study the variation characteristics of surface microorganisms of migrating microplastics before and after simulated migration under different residence times in the original environment and the new environment.

2. The method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microplastics to be placed at various locations for pre-culture before simulated migration were obtained through a process. The process included rinsing the surface of the microplastics three times with 95% ethanol before placement, and then rinsing the surface of the microplastics three times with ultrapure water to ensure that no microorganisms adhered to the surface of the microplastics before culture.

3. The method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microplastic recycling further includes the following processes: Set the microplastic recovery time, that is, set the maximum time for the microplastics to continue to be cultured after the simulated migration as y. m The duration of continued cultivation for each group is y. b On day 1, the time index sequence b = 1, 2, ..., (m-2), (m-1), m is continued, and the recovery time of each group of microplastics is respectively the time of the (x)th day. n +y b (x) days, corresponding to the culture time of each group of microplastics (x) a +y b Day ) and the last collection time is day (x). n +y m )sky; Microplastic recycling was performed after simulated migration, i.e., according to the microplastic recycling time of each group at the xth step. n +y b On the next day, x cultured at the previous point will be recovered at the next point. a The microplastics were simulated to migrate to the next location. At each time point, n groups were collected. After collection, the surface of the microplastics was gently rinsed with filtered water from the current location. Ice packs were used to preserve the microplastics during transportation. A control group for microplastic recovery was conducted, i.e., microplastic recovery was performed according to the (x)th microplastic recovery time of each group. n +y b On the same day, x cultured at the previous and next points were recovered respectively. a The Empress continued to cultivate Y at that location. b For the control group of microplastics, n groups were collected from one point at the previous time point and the next point at the next time point. After collection, the surface of the microplastics was gently rinsed with filtered water from the current point. Ice packs were used to preserve the microplastics during transportation.

4. The method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes: A control group was set up, with microplastics migrating from the previous location to the next location as the migration group. Microplastics that were always cultured at the previous or next location and were recovered after the same pre-culture time and continued culture time served as the original environment before migration and the new environment after migration, respectively. The microplastics cultured at the previous location for x... a Heaven, cultivate y at the next point. b The surface microorganisms of the migrating group were compared with those of the control group in the original environment before the simulated migration (x). a +y b Microorganisms on the surface of microplastics were measured after 1 day of migration to a new environment. The control group was cultured at the next site (x). a +y b Microorganisms on the surface of microplastics.

5. The method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, in, x a y b If x is a non-arithmetic sequence or an arithmetic sequence, then x a y b The values ​​are the same or different.

6. The method for dynamically realizing the changes in microbial communities on microplastic surfaces during environmental migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation environment mentioned therein includes, but is not limited to, water, sediment, and the interface between water and sediment.

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