Strip mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning, in particular to a strip mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method and system.The method mainly comprises the steps that firstly, according to displacement changes of monitoring points on the earth surface and below the earth surface, abnormal displacement points on the earth surface and below the earth surface in a slope area are determined; calculating a comprehensive safety coefficient by combining the weight, the safety coefficient of the surface displacement abnormal area in the slope area and the safety coefficient of the displacement abnormal area below the surface, and finally comparing the comprehensive safety coefficient with a safety threshold to judge whether the displacement abnormal area needs to be pre-warned or not. The monitoring and early warning system comprises a multi-source comprehensive monitoring system, a central processing server and a central monitoring and early warning platform, and is used for monitoring and early warning the strip mine slope by using the method. According to the method, the accuracy of slope instability monitoring and early warning can be improved through the influence of the displacement abnormal areas of the earth surface and below the earth surface of the slope and the rainfall and underground water level of a mining area on slope instability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The patent of this invention relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning technology, and specifically to a method and system for monitoring and early warning of slope instability in an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] Coal is the "ballast stone" of the country's energy security and stability. Compared with underground mining, open-pit mining in my country has a 20% to 30% lower investment per ton of coal, a 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 shorter construction period, a 15% to 30% lower production cost, a production efficiency more than 1 times higher, and a coal recovery rate of more than 95%. Vigorously developing open-pit mining in areas with conditions and increasing the proportion of open-pit coal production in total production is one of the important ways to achieve orderly and rational development of coal resources, improve coal resource recovery rates and ensure energy security.

[0003] Common geological disasters in open-pit mines mainly include deformation (ground fissures, collapse, ground subsidence), slope instability (collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow), spontaneous combustion, water gushing, dust, etc., and problems such as mining collapse, groundwater drainage, and destruction of geological landscape caused by mining activities. With the long-term mining of open-pit coal mines, the mining depth continues to deepen, the slope length continues to lengthen, and many mines are already in the process of deep pit mining. Therefore, slope instability accidents in open-pit mines occur from time to time, which has seriously endangered the normal production and life of people in the mining area. The secondary geological disasters caused by mining are countless, causing casualties and economic losses.

[0004] However, the prediction theory of open-pit mine slope instability is still in the process of forming a system, which mainly relies on the continuous optimization of the actual mining area geological conditions and the accumulation of monitoring data experience. In the actual monitoring process of open-pit mine slopes, early warning is generally carried out based on the displacement information of a single point in the slope, which cannot fully reflect the stability of the slope and has limitations. It does not comprehensively consider the impact of factors such as rainfall and groundwater level in the mining area on the slope. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above technical problems, the present invention provides an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method, which aims to comprehensively determine the safety factor of the abnormal area of ​​the open-pit mine slope by monitoring the early deformation signs of the slope and according to multiple surface and subsurface displacement monitoring points set in the open-pit mine slope, and compare the safety factor with the safety threshold, and determine whether the abnormality of this slope area is safe through comparison. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Set the surface displacement monitoring points and the subsurface displacement monitoring points in the open-pit mine slope and record the position coordinates;

[0007] Step 2: Monitor the slopes of open pit mines for early signs of deformation;

[0008] Step 3: After a suspected problematic slope is found, the abnormal surface displacement points in the slope area are determined based on the surface displacement changes;

[0009] Step 4: Calculate the safety factor of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area;

[0010] Step 5: According to the displacement change below the ground surface, determine the abnormal displacement point below the ground surface in the slope area;

[0011] Step 6: Calculate the safety factor of the abnormal displacement area below the surface in the slope area;

[0012] Step 7: Calculate the comprehensive safety factor by combining the weights and the safety factor of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area and the safety factor of the abnormal displacement area below the surface;

[0013] Step 8: Set the third safety threshold and compare it with the comprehensive safety factor. When the comprehensive safety factor is greater than or equal to the third safety threshold set by the system, issue an early warning and mark the locations of abnormal displacement areas on the surface and below the surface. Otherwise, re-identify.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also provides an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning system, including: a multi-source integrated monitoring system, a central processing server and a central monitoring and early warning platform;

[0015] The multi-source integrated monitoring system is used to collect multi-source environmental information data of open-pit mine slopes and upload the data to a central processing server;

[0016] The multi-source integrated monitoring system includes surface displacement sensors for open pit slopes, underground displacement sensors, underground stress monitoring sensors, mining area rainfall sensors, and mining area water level sensors;

[0017] The surface displacement sensor of the open-pit mine includes a crack meter, GNSS and radar, which is used to collect displacement change data of surface monitoring points, transmit it to the collector through RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server through the wireless network;

[0018] The underground displacement sensor of the open-pit mine includes an inclinometer, which is used to collect displacement change data of each layer in the underground borehole, transmit it to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server through the wireless network by the collector;

[0019] The underground stress sensor of the open-pit mine includes a ground stress meter and an earth pressure meter, which are used to collect stress change data of monitoring points inside underground rocks and soil geological bodies, and transmit the data to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then transmit the data to the central processing server through the wireless network;

[0020] The mining area rainfall sensor includes a rain gauge, which is used to collect data on rainfall changes within the mining area, transmit the data to a collector via RS485 communication mode, and then transmit the data to a central processing server via a wireless network;

[0021] The mine water level sensor includes a water level meter and a flow meter, which are used to collect water level and flow rate change data at each water accumulation point within the mine area, transmit the data to the collector through the communication mode, and then transmit the data to the central processing server through the wireless network;

[0022] The central processing server is used to receive data uploaded by the multi-source integrated monitoring system, and perform early warning analysis to obtain early warning analysis results. When the results meet the early warning trigger conditions, early warning information is generated and sent to the central monitoring and early warning platform;

[0023] The central monitoring and early warning platform is used to process the monitoring and warning information, and can also display the early warning information on the monitoring display screen.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method provided by the present invention comprehensively considers the abnormal displacement areas of the surface and below the surface of the slope, as well as the impact of rainfall and groundwater level in the mining area on slope instability, and can improve the accuracy of slope instability monitoring and early warning.

[0026] 2. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning system provided by the present invention utilizes monitoring equipment such as surface displacement sensors, underground displacement sensors, underground stress monitoring sensors, mining area rainfall sensors, and mining area water level sensors to achieve all-round, all-weather real-time automatic monitoring of each monitoring point. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A flow chart of an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A framework diagram of an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning system according to the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 10, central processing server; 20, multi-source integrated monitoring system; 21, surface displacement sensor; 22, underground displacement sensor; 23, underground stress sensor; 24, mining area rainfall sensor; 25, mining area water level sensor; 30, central monitoring and early warning platform; 31, mobile client; 32, monitoring display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution adopted by the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] First, if Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Set the surface displacement monitoring point X in the open pit slope i (i=1,2,...,n) and the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j (j=1,2,...,n), and record the position;

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, multiple displacement sensors arranged on the surface of the slope of the open-pit mine and below the surface, such as in underground boreholes, can be used as surface displacement monitoring points X. i and the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j ;

[0034] Record the surface displacement monitoring point X in the spatial rectangular coordinate system i The coordinates (x i ,y i , z i ), displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j The coordinates (x i ,y i ).

[0035] x i is the horizontal component, taking the east as positive;

[0036] y i is the vertical component, taking north as positive;

[0037] z i The direction is vertically upward;

[0038] Step 2: Monitor the slopes of open pit mines for early signs of deformation;

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, a high-definition pan-tilt head with AI intelligent recognition function can be used to automatically inspect the slopes of the open-pit mine area. The AI ​​intelligent recognition function of the high-definition pan-tilt head can be used to automatically identify early deformation signs such as cracks and bottom drums on the slopes of the open-pit mine area.

[0040] Step 3: After finding a suspected problematic slope, determine the abnormal point D of the surface displacement in the slope area based on the change of surface displacement. i ;

[0041] Step 3.1: Calculate the surface displacement monitoring point X i Horizontal displacement S in the horizontal plane i and elevation change value H i ,in:

[0042]

[0043] H i =△z i (2);

[0044] In formula (1)-(2): △x i , △y i , △z i Represented as surface displacement monitoring point X i The increment of coordinate change per unit time;

[0045] Step 3.2: Considering the historical landslide data and the geological conditions of the formation, the first threshold is set and the plane displacement S is selected. i and elevation change value H i The surface displacement monitoring points X that are greater than the first threshold i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i .

[0046] Step 4: Calculate the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 ;

[0047] Specifically, the abnormal point D of the surface displacement in the slope area i Safety factor A i , it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of stress, cohesion, slope angle and displacement on slope stability, that is, the abnormal surface displacement point D i Safety factor A i Satisfy the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] In formula (3): Y i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The stress value of the point can be obtained by setting up a corresponding stress monitoring device in the slope area:

[0050] N i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The cohesion can be obtained through geotechnical mechanics tests;

[0051] θ i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The slope angle of the slope can be obtained by measurement;

[0052] Take all the abnormal points D of surface displacement i Safety factor A i The average value of is taken as the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 , as shown below:

[0053]

[0054] Step 5: According to the displacement change below the ground surface, determine the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface in the slope area j ;

[0055] Step 5.1: Calculate the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j The displacement change value S j , the displacement change value S j As shown below:

[0056]

[0057] In formula (5): △x j , △y j is the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j The increment of coordinate change per unit time;

[0058] Step 5.2: Set the second threshold value based on historical landslide data and geological conditions, and select the displacement change value S j The displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface that is greater than the second threshold j As the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j .

[0059] Step 6: Calculate the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface in the slope area 内 ;

[0060] Specifically, the abnormal displacement point B below the surface in the slope area j Safety factor A j , it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of stress, cohesion, slope angle and displacement on slope stability, that is, the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j Safety factor A j Satisfy the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] In formula (6), Y j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j The stress value of the point can be obtained by setting up a corresponding stress monitoring device in the slope area:

[0063] N j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j The cohesion can be obtained through geotechnical mechanics tests;

[0064] θ j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface jThe slope angle of the slope can be obtained by measurement;

[0065] Take all the abnormal displacement points B below the ground surface j Safety factor A j The average value of is taken as the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface in the slope area 内 , as shown below:

[0066]

[0067] Step 7: Combine the weights and the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 and the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface 内 Calculate the comprehensive safety factor A to meet the following formula:

[0068] A=Q(A 表 +A 内 )(8);

[0069] In formula (8), Q represents the weight coefficient, which needs to be set by comprehensively considering the rainfall and water level in the mining area.

[0070] Step 8: Set the third safety threshold and compare it with the comprehensive safety factor A. When the comprehensive safety factor A is greater than or equal to the third safety threshold set by the system, issue an early warning and mark the locations of abnormal displacement areas on the surface and below the surface. Otherwise, re-identify.

[0071] It can be seen from formula (8) that the larger the weight coefficient Q is, the larger the safety factor A is. Therefore, the first consideration in setting the third safety threshold is the annual average rainfall in the mining area and the rainfall in different seasons. If the rainfall varies greatly with the seasons, the weight coefficient should be adjusted according to the season. At the same time, the reasonable water level depth should be determined according to the drainage capacity of the mining area, and the weight coefficient Q should be set in stages according to the seasonal variation of rainfall and the water level depth.

[0072] In addition, the present invention also provides an open-pit mine instability monitoring and early warning system based on the above method, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a multi-source integrated monitoring system 20, a central processing server 10 and a central monitoring and early warning platform 30;

[0073] The multi-source integrated monitoring system 20 is used to collect open pit mine slope environmental information data and upload the data to the central processing server 10;

[0074] The multi-source integrated monitoring system 20 includes an open pit mine slope surface displacement sensor 21, an underground displacement sensor 22, an underground stress sensor 23, a mining area rainfall sensor 24, and a mining area water level sensor 25;

[0075] The surface displacement sensor 21 of the open-pit mine includes a crack meter, GNSS and radar, which is used to collect displacement change data of surface monitoring points, transmit it to the collector through RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server 10 through the wireless network by the collector;

[0076] The underground displacement sensor 22 of the open-pit mine includes an inclinometer, which is used to collect displacement change data of each layer in the underground borehole, transmit it to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server 10 through the wireless network by the collector;

[0077] The underground stress sensor 23 of the open-pit mine includes a ground stress meter and an earth pressure meter, which is used to collect stress change data of monitoring points inside underground rocks and soil geological bodies, and transmits it to a collector through RS485 communication mode, and then the collector transmits it to the central processing server 10 through a wireless network;

[0078] The mining area rainfall sensor 24 includes a rain gauge, which is used to collect data on rainfall changes within the mining area, transmit it to a collector via RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server 10 via a wireless network;

[0079] The mining area water level sensor 25 includes a water level meter and a flow meter, which are used to collect water level and flow rate change data at each water accumulation point within the mining area, and transmit the data to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then the collector transmits the data to the central processing server 10 through the wireless network;

[0080] The central processing server 10 is used to receive data uploaded by the multi-source integrated monitoring system 20, and filter, clean, store and analyze the data, and perform early warning analysis through the above method to obtain early warning analysis results, generate early warning information when the results meet the early warning triggering conditions, and send the early warning information to the central monitoring early warning platform 30;

[0081] The central monitoring and early warning platform 30 is used to process the monitoring and warning information, and can also display it on the monitoring display screen 32.

[0082] Furthermore, the open-pit mine multi-source environmental geological disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes a mobile client 31 that establishes a communication connection with the central processing server 10, that is, the data information collected by the multi-source comprehensive monitoring system 20 is transmitted to the mobile client 31 in real time through the central processing server 10 for data sharing and display.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of slope instability in an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Set the surface displacement monitoring point X in the open pit slope i (i=1,2,...,n) and the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j (j=1,2,...,n) and record the position coordinates; Step 2: Monitor the slopes of open pit mines for early signs of deformation; Step 3: After finding a suspected problematic slope, determine the abnormal point D of the surface displacement in the slope area based on the change of surface displacement. i ; Step 4: Calculate the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 ; Step 5: According to the displacement change below the ground surface, determine the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface in the slope area j ; Step 6: Calculate the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface in the slope area 内 ; Step 7: Combine the weights and the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 and the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface 内 Calculate the comprehensive safety factor A; Step 8: Set the third safety threshold and compare it with the comprehensive safety factor A. When the comprehensive safety factor A is greater than or equal to the third safety threshold set by the system, issue an early warning and mark the locations of abnormal displacement areas on the surface and below the surface. Otherwise, re-identify.

2. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, multiple displacement sensors are deployed on the surface and below the surface of the slope of the open-pit mine as surface displacement monitoring points X. i and the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j .

3. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step 2 uses a high-definition pan-tilt head with an AI intelligent recognition function to automatically inspect the slopes of the open-pit mine area, and automatically identifies early deformation signs of the slopes of the open-pit mine area through the AI ​​intelligent recognition function of the high-definition pan-tilt head.

4. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step 3 comprises: Step 3.1: Calculate the surface displacement monitoring point X i Horizontal displacement S in the horizontal plane i and elevation change value H i ,in: H i =△z i (2); In formula (1)-(2): △x i , △y i , △z i Represented as surface displacement monitoring point X i The increment of coordinate change per unit time; Step 3.2: Considering the historical landslide data and the geological conditions of the formation, the first threshold is set and the plane displacement S is selected. i and elevation change value H i The surface displacement monitoring points X that are all greater than the first threshold i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i .

5. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the surface displacement abnormal point D i Safety factor A i Satisfy the following formula: In formula (3): Y i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The stress value of the point can be obtained by setting up a corresponding stress monitoring device in the slope area: N i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The cohesion can be obtained through geotechnical mechanics tests; θ i is the surface displacement anomaly point D i The slope angle of the slope can be obtained by measurement; Take all the abnormal points D of surface displacement i Safety factor A i The average value of is taken as the safety factor A of the abnormal surface displacement area in the slope area 表 , as shown below:

6. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step 5 comprises: Step 5.1: Calculate the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j The displacement change value S j , the displacement change value S j As shown below: In formula (5): △x j , △y j is the displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface j The increment of coordinate change per unit time; Step 5.2: Set the second threshold value based on historical landslide data and geological conditions, and select the displacement change value S j The displacement monitoring point P below the ground surface that is greater than the second threshold j As the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j .

7. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 6, the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j Safety factor A j Satisfy the following formula: In formula (6), Y j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j The stress value of the point can be obtained by setting up a corresponding stress monitoring device in the slope area: N j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j The cohesion can be obtained through geotechnical mechanics tests; θ j is the abnormal displacement point B below the ground surface j The slope angle of the slope can be obtained by measurement; Take all the abnormal displacement points B below the ground surface j Safety factor A j The average value of is taken as the safety factor A of the abnormal displacement area below the surface in the slope area 内 , as shown below:

8. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 7, the comprehensive safety factor A satisfies the following formula: A=Q(A 表 +A 内 )(8); In formula (8), Q represents the weight coefficient, which is set according to the rainfall and water level influencing factors in the mining area.

9. The open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 8, the setting of the third safety threshold first needs to consider the average annual rainfall in the mining area and the rainfall in different seasons. If the rainfall varies greatly with the seasons, the weight coefficient should be adjusted according to the season. At the same time, the reasonable water level depth should be determined according to the drainage capacity of the mining area, and the weight coefficient Q should be set in stages according to the seasonal variation of rainfall and the water level depth.

10. A system for monitoring and warning of open-pit mine slope instability using the open-pit mine slope instability monitoring and warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Multi-source integrated monitoring system, central processing server and central monitoring and early warning platform; The multi-source integrated monitoring system is used to collect multi-source environmental information data of open-pit mine slopes and upload the data to a central processing server; The multi-source integrated monitoring system includes surface displacement sensors for open pit slopes, underground displacement sensors, underground stress monitoring sensors, mining area rainfall sensors, and mining area water level sensors; The surface displacement sensor of the open-pit mine includes a crack meter, GNSS and radar, which is used to collect displacement change data of surface monitoring points, transmit it to the collector through RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server through the wireless network; The underground displacement sensor of the open-pit mine includes an inclinometer, which is used to collect displacement change data of each layer in the underground borehole, transmit it to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then transmit it to the central processing server through the wireless network by the collector; The underground stress sensor of the open-pit mine includes a ground stress meter and an earth pressure meter, which are used to collect stress change data of monitoring points inside underground rocks and soil geological bodies, and transmit the data to the collector through the RS485 communication mode, and then transmit the data to the central processing server through the wireless network; The mining area rainfall sensor includes a rain gauge, which is used to collect data on rainfall changes within the mining area, transmit the data to a collector via RS485 communication mode, and then transmit the data to a central processing server via a wireless network; The mine water level sensor includes a water level meter and a flow meter, which are used to collect water level and flow rate change data at each water accumulation point within the mine area, transmit the data to the collector through the communication mode, and then transmit the data to the central processing server through the wireless network; The central processing server is used to receive data uploaded by the multi-source integrated monitoring system, and perform early warning analysis to obtain early warning analysis results. When the results meet the early warning trigger conditions, early warning information is generated and sent to the central monitoring and early warning platform; The central monitoring and early warning platform is used to process the monitoring and warning information, and can also display the early warning information on the monitoring display screen.

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