Cultivation method of chestnut brown tricholoma matsutake strain

Abstract

The cultivation method comprises the following steps that S1, wood chips, bran, gypsum powder and saccharose are selected, water is added according to the proportion of 78% of the wood chips, 20% of the bran, 1% of the gypsum powder and 1% of the saccharose, stirring is conducted to form a culture material, and the water content of the culture material is 50%; s2, selecting a proper fungus bag, loading the mixed culture material into the fungus bag, compacting the fungus bag, and tightening the mouth of the fungus bag; s3, carrying out sterilization treatment on the culture material filled with the fungus bags; s4, after the sterilization treatment is finished, punching 2-3 inoculation holes with the depth of 2cm in two surfaces of the material bag by using a sharp stick, then inoculating strains collected from the nature into the fungus bag through the inoculation holes, and sealing the inoculation holes by using a sterilized adhesive tape; and S5, placing the inoculated fungus bag in a culture room for spawn running. On the basis, the mycelia generated when the sporocarp is formed are used for artificial transfer cultivation, the symbiotic stage of the chestnut pinus massoniana can be completely avoided, and therefore the chestnut pinus massoniana can be artificially cultivated on a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom fungus. Background Art

[0002] Tricholoma matsutake is a rare fungus. On the one hand, its growth environment is relatively special and harsh. It is distributed in the northeast and southwest of my country, and its distribution range is relatively narrow. On the other hand, it is currently difficult to cultivate it artificially, and the yield is relatively scarce. These factors make Tricholoma matsutake relatively rare among fungi. It has not been able to be cultivated artificially at present, and the fundamental reason is the lack of fungus species. Since Tricholoma matsutake usually forms a symbiotic relationship with pine trees such as red pine, the fungus species cannot be obtained artificially. Summary of the invention

[0003] Through research, it was found that the symbiotic relationship of chestnut brown pine mushroom in the wild state is generally 5-7 years, but at the end of July and the beginning of August each year, when the fruiting body is formed, the symbiotic relationship is no longer needed, but instead it needs broad-leaved forests such as cypress and oak to provide nutrients.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a cultivation method of chestnut brown pine mushroom strains, comprising the following steps: S1: finding a large number of tree roots, patting the collected strains to scatter the spores and scattering them around the tree roots, then burying the tree roots with organic matter, the burial thickness is 5-8 cm, and watering the buried tree roots with pollution-free mountain water, and covering the tree roots with a layer of weeds 2 cm thick to prevent water evaporation, and marking them; S2: watering and covering weeds at the marked places in July and August every year, watering is to prevent the burying layer from drying out, and covering weeds is to prevent water evaporation; S3: continuously cultivating for 5-7 years until chestnut brown pine mushrooms appear, at which time a large number of white hyphae will appear near the chestnut brown pine mushrooms to complete the field cultivation of hyphae.

[0005] As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention: S4: select sawdust, bran, gypsum powder and sucrose, and add water in the proportion of 78% sawdust, 20% bran, 1% gypsum powder and 1% sucrose and stir to form culture medium; S5: select suitable mushroom bags, put the mixed culture medium into the mushroom bags, compact them, and tie the mouths of the mushroom bags tightly; S6: sterilize the culture medium after being put into the mushroom bags; S7: after the sterilization treatment is completed, pierce inoculation holes on both sides of the mushroom bags, and then connect the fungus species collected from nature into the fungus bags through the inoculation holes, and then seal the inoculation holes with sterilized tape; S8: place the inoculated fungus bags in the culture room for spawning, and after the fungus species are completely grown inside the fungus bags, the fungus species of chestnut brown pine mushroom can be obtained to complete the indoor cultivation of the fungus species.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the moisture content of the culture medium after adding water and stirring in step S4 is 50%, and the sawdust is sawdust from hard broad-leaved tree species and has been piled for more than one year.

[0007] As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: the sterilization treatment method in step S6 is high-pressure steam sterilization requiring to maintain a pressure of 1.4kg / cm2 for 2 hours or normal pressure steam sterilization, the temperature reaches 100°C, maintained for 10-12 hours, and then simmered for 10-12 hours.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the number of inoculation holes in step S7 is not less than 3, and the depth of the inoculation holes into the interior of the fungus bag is 2 cm.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the mushroom bags in step S8 are stacked in a "well" shape, the bag stack is about 1m high, and the room temperature is controlled between 21-30°C; if the temperature reaches 30°C, the doors and windows should be fully opened to allow air circulation for heat dissipation.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: regularly check the mushroom bags, deal with the contaminated bags in time, and turn the pile over and pick up debris once every 7-10 days.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by cultivating fungi in the wild, the cultivation of chestnut brown pine mushroom fungi is achieved, the number of fungi is increased, and a reliable fungi source is provided for indoor cultivation.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the chestnut brown matsutake mushroom artificially cultivated by the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention will be further described below by way of examples.

[0014] Field culture method

[0015] (1) In July and August each year, collect mushroom strains from places where there are wild mushrooms in Yunnan, Guizhou, Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, and Taishun Mountain Area in Zhejiang. The mushroom strains should be large, mature, and close to the umbrella state. It is best to see spores scattered. After the mushroom strains are picked, they should be stored in foam boxes. If they need to be transported, ice cubes should be placed in the foam box for refrigerated transportation.

[0016] (2) Mountains with an altitude of 500-800 meters; large areas of red pine, Pinus tabulaeformis, Tsuga hemlock, and Japanese hemlock planted with trees over 20 years old; the ground is covered with at least 5 cm of black organic matter; the temperature is around 25 degrees Celsius from July to August each year; and the forest humidity is above 85%.

[0017] (3) Dig at the roots of red pine, Pinus tabulaeformis, Tsuga, and Japanese Tsuga, dig up the organic matter on the ground, find a large number of tree roots, take the collected fungi in your hands, pat the fungi to let the spores fall, and scatter them around the tree roots, then bury the tree roots with organic matter, the thickness of the burial is about 5-8cm, use unpolluted mountain water to irrigate the buried tree roots, and cover the tree roots with a layer of weeds 2cm thick to prevent water evaporation, and mark the surface where there are fungi. Manage the marked areas in July and August every year. The main management measures are sprinkling water and covering weeds. Sprinkling water is to prevent the buried layer from drying out, and covering weeds is to prevent water evaporation. Cultivate continuously for 5-7 years until chestnut brown pine mushrooms appear. At this time, a large number of white hyphae will appear near the chestnut brown pine mushrooms. These hyphae are the chestnut brown pine mushroom species.

[0018] Through the above method, artificial propagation of the fungus can be completed, that is, the mycelium when the fruiting body is formed is used for artificial cultivation, completely avoiding the symbiotic stage of Tricholoma matsutake, and the mycelium is amplified in a suitable substrate culture and growth environment to achieve the purpose of propagating the fungus.

[0019] Indoor cultivation method

[0020] 1. Cultivation environment

[0021] 1. Temperature: The mycelium growth temperature starts at 8℃, and the suitable temperature range is 20-24℃. When the ground temperature at 5-10 cm reaches 19℃, it is the suitable temperature for the formation of fruiting bodies. Once the temperature exceeds 32℃, the mycelium will stop growing. Therefore, the cultivation environment needs to have a good temperature regulation ability to ensure that the appropriate temperature can be provided at different growth stages.

[0022] 2. Humidity: The relative humidity of the air is required to be about 85% when the mushrooms are grown. This requires the cultivation site to maintain a certain air humidity, which can be adjusted by spraying water, setting up moisturizing facilities, etc.

[0023] 3. Lighting: The mycelium growth stage does not require light and should be kept in a dark environment. The fruiting body growth stage requires a certain amount of scattered light, and the light intensity should be 300 to 500 lux.

[0024] 4. Ventilation: Maintaining good ventilation conditions can not only meet the oxygen demand for mycelium growth, but also avoid excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide.

[0025] (ii) Artificial cultivation: 1. Main raw materials: Commonly used cultivation raw materials include sawdust, bran, etc.

[0026] 2. Formula: 78% sawdust, 20% bran, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% sucrose.

[0027] The raw materials in the above formula must be fresh. Moldy or rotten raw materials cannot be used. Hard broad-leaved tree species are preferred for sawdust, and it is best to pile up old sawdust for more than one year. Mix the cultivation raw materials evenly according to the formula ratio, add water and stir until the water content reaches about 50%.

[0028] 3. Bagging: Choose a suitable plastic bag, put the mixed culture medium into the bag, compact it, and tie the bag tightly.

[0029] 4. Sterilization: Use high pressure sterilization or normal pressure sterilization to sterilize the culture medium after bagging. High pressure steam sterilization requires maintaining a pressure of 1.4kg / cm2 for 2 hours, and normal pressure steam sterilization requires the temperature to reach 100℃, maintain for 10-12 hours, and then keep it in a simmer for 10-12 hours to achieve complete sterilization.

[0030] 5. Inoculation: When the material temperature drops below 30℃, inoculate the bacteria into the sterilized culture medium under sterile conditions. Since the bacteria come from nature and are all white mycelium after germination, inoculation can be performed directly. Use a pointed wooden stick to make 2-3 2cm deep offset holes on both sides of the bag, inoculate the bacteria, and then seal it with sterilized tape.

[0031] 6. Management of fungus development: Place the inoculated fungus bags in the culture room for fungus development. Stack the bags in a "well" shape, about 1m high, to facilitate heat dissipation. The room temperature is controlled at around 25℃. If the temperature reaches 30℃, open the doors and windows to allow air circulation. Check the fungus bags regularly and dispose of contaminated fungus bags in time. Turn the pile and pick up debris every 7-10 days. It will be full of mycelium in about 25-30 days. At this time, the mycelium is thick and strong, which is particularly suitable for artificial cultivation, so it is used as a cultivation species.

[0032] In addition, when the above strains survive, you can also use the following methods, namely:

[0033] (I) Material selection: Commonly used cultivation raw materials include sawdust, bran, etc.; the proportion is: sawdust 78%, bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%, sucrose 1%. It should be noted that the raw materials in the above formula must be fresh, and moldy or rotten raw materials cannot be used. Sawdust is preferably from hard broad-leaved tree species, and it is best to pile up old sawdust for more than one year.

[0034] (II) Transplantation and cultivation methods of fungi

[0035] 1. Mixing: Mix the cultivation raw materials evenly according to the formula ratio, add water and stir to make the water content reach 65%-70%.

[0036] 2. Bagging: Choose a suitable plastic bag, put the mixed culture medium into the bag, compact it, and tie the bag tightly.

[0037] 3. Sterilization: Use high pressure sterilization or normal pressure sterilization to sterilize the culture medium after bagging. High pressure steam sterilization requires maintaining a pressure of 1.4kg / cm2 for 2 hours, and normal pressure steam sterilization requires the temperature to reach 100℃, maintain for 10-12 hours, and then keep it in a steaming place for another 10-12 hours to achieve complete sterilization.

[0038] 4. Inoculation: When the material temperature drops below 30℃, inoculate the bacteria into the sterilized culture medium under sterile conditions. Since the bacteria come from nature and are all white mycelium after germination, inoculation can be performed directly. Use a pointed wooden stick to make 2-3 2cm deep offset holes on both sides of the bag, inoculate the bacteria, and then seal it with sterilized tape.

[0039] 5. Management of fungus development: Place the inoculated fungus bags in a suitable environment for fungus development. Stack the bags in a "well" shape, about 1m high, to facilitate heat dissipation. Keep the room temperature at around 25℃. If the temperature reaches 30℃, open the doors and windows to allow air circulation. Check the fungus bags regularly and dispose of contaminated bags in time. Turn the pile and pick up debris every 7-10 days.

[0040] 6. Remove from bags and arrange for the mushrooms to be removed from the racks About 40 days after inoculation, when the mushrooms reach physiological maturity, they can be removed from the bags. Cut the mushroom bags vertically with a blade, take out the mushroom bags, place the mushroom sticks on the mushroom racks, and immediately cover them with film to keep them warm and moist.

[0041] 7. Color change and bud induction: Give appropriate temperature and light stimulation to promote fruiting body formation. A layer of thick white fluffy hyphae grows on the surface of the mushroom stick, which falls over to form a bacterial film, secretes pigments, and gradually turns brown. Meeting the ecological conditions for color change is the key to increasing the yield of Matsutake. The main measure is to increase the temperature and humidity difference between day and night and change the temperature to promote bud induction.

[0042] 8. Management of mushroom production After the buds are induced, a large number of primordia are produced. At this time, the main management measures are to adjust the humidity, ventilation and light of the mushroom shed so that the mushroom buds can develop smoothly into fruiting bodies.

[0043] By the above method, when the fungus survives and grows in the new culture bag, it can be harvested until the cap reaches about 1.5 cm and the stipe reaches about 3-4 cm. Based on this, the above breeding method can also be used to breed chestnut brown pine mushrooms.

[0044] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Find a large number of red pine, pine, hemlock, and Japanese hemlock forests, pat the collected mature fruiting bodies of chestnut brown pine mushrooms to let the spores fall down and scatter around the tree roots, then bury the tree roots with organic matter to a thickness of 5-8cm, and irrigate the buried tree roots with unpolluted mountain water, and cover the tree roots with a 2cm thick layer of weeds to prevent water evaporation, and mark them well; S2: Water and cover weeds at the marked locations in July and August every year. Watering is to prevent the buried layer from drying out, and covering weeds is to prevent water evaporation. S3: Cultivate continuously for 5-7 years until the chestnut brown pine mushrooms appear. At this time, a large number of white hyphae will appear near the chestnut brown pine mushrooms to complete the wild cultivation of chestnut brown pine mushroom species.

2. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 1, wherein: S4: Select sawdust, bran, gypsum powder and sucrose, add water and stir in a ratio of 78% sawdust, 20% bran, 1% gypsum powder and 1% sucrose to form a culture medium; S5: Choose a suitable bag, put the mixed culture medium into the bag, compact it, and tie the bag tightly; S6: sterilizing the culture medium after being put into the bacteria bag; S7: After the sterilization treatment is completed, inoculation holes are pierced on both sides of the fungus bag, and then the fungus species collected from nature are introduced into the fungus bag through the inoculation holes, and then the inoculation holes are sealed with sterilized tape; S8: placing the inoculated fungus bag in a culture room for spawning, and when the fungus is completely grown inside the fungus bag, the fungus of Agrocybe truncatula can be obtained, thereby completing the indoor cultivation of the fungus.

3. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moisture content of the culture medium after adding water and stirring in step S4 is 50%, and the sawdust is sawdust from hard broad-leaved tree species and has been piled for more than one year.

4. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sterilization treatment method in step S6 is high-pressure steam sterilization, which requires maintaining a pressure of 1.4kg / cm2 for 2 hours, or normal-pressure steam sterilization, with the temperature reaching 100°C, maintained for 10-12 hours, and then simmered for 10-12 hours.

5. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of inoculation holes in step S7 is not less than 3, and the depth of the inoculation holes into the fungus bag is 2 cm.

6. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S8, the bags are stacked in a "well" shape, with the bag stack being about 1 meter high, and the room temperature is controlled between 21-30°C; if the temperature reaches 30°C, the doors and windows should be fully opened to allow air circulation for heat dissipation.

7. The cultivation method of a chestnut brown matsutake mushroom species according to claim 6, characterized in that: Check the mushroom bags regularly, dispose of contaminated bags in time, and turn the pile over and pick out debris every 7-10 days.

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