Method for cultivating high-quality black fungus by using pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs

Abstract

A preparation method of a black fungus cultivation material containing pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs comprises the following steps: adding the pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs into dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base material, then spraying a tannic acid solution for pretreatment, then inoculating microorganisms for fermentation treatment to obtain pleurotus eryngii fermentation mushroom dregs, and then adding the fermentation base material into the fermentation base material for fermentation treatment to obtain the black fungus cultivation material containing the pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs. Mixing the pleurotus eryngii fermentation mushroom dregs, wood chips, bran, soybean cake powder, gypsum powder and calcium superphosphate to form the cultivation material. Pleurotus eryngii fermentation mushroom residues are pretreated with a tannic acid solution with a specific concentration, then specific fermentation treatment is conducted, the obtained fermentation mushroom residues replace part of wood chips to prepare the cultivation material, the growth rate and growth vigor of black fungus hyphae are effectively increased, the full-bag period of the hyphae is shortened, and the yield of the black fungus hyphae is increased. Meanwhile, the growth of the black fungus sporocarp is promoted, the yield and quality of the black fungus are improved, the yield of the black fungus is improved by 11.29% compared with that of a cultivation material without pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs, the content of auricularia auricula polysaccharide and amino acid in the black fungus is remarkably increased, and the breeding quality of the high-quality black fungus is effectively promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues. Background Art

[0002] Black Fungus ( Ears, ears. ) is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, ash, a variety of vitamins and 18 kinds of amino acids. It is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value. Black fungus also has medicinal value. It contains nucleotide substances, which can reduce the cholesterol content in the blood. The polysaccharides it contains have tumor inhibition activity and have certain effects on the prevention and treatment of heart disease and coronary artery disease. Black fungus is also rich in a large amount of cellulase, which can eliminate debris in the gastrointestinal tract and has the effect of moistening the lungs and cleansing. As more and more people like it, the cultivation technology of black fungus is also constantly innovating.

[0003] At present, the factory production of edible fungi in China is developing rapidly, and most of the factory production of edible fungi only collects one wave of mushrooms. After the culture medium is transformed into fungus residue through a series of biological transformations of edible fungi hyphae, the crude protein content is increased by more than two times, and the crude fiber content is significantly reduced. In addition, the fungus residue is also rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and some metabolites. Therefore, it is expected that the cultivation of black fungus using the fungus residue produced by factory cultivation can achieve certain results.

[0004] Pleurotus eryngii residue is the cultivation material after Pleurotus eryngii cultivation, which is rich in protein and other nutrients. Its crude protein content is more than 10%, crude fiber content is between 15% and 30%, crude fat content is about 5%, and it is rich in minerals, with rich overall nutritional value. It can be used to prepare black fungus cultivation material, but in actual application, it is found that the cultivation material prepared with Pleurotus eryngii residue has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of black fungus mycelium during the cultivation of black fungus, and the yield and quality of the cultivated black fungus are finally reduced. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned cultivation material. The cultivation material prepared by pretreating and fermenting the mushroom residue of Pleurotus eryngii and then mixing it with other components in a specific ratio effectively improves the growth of black fungus mycelium and increases the yield and quality of black fungus.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: in the cultivation material, 50-60% of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, 25-30% of sawdust, 10-15% of bran, 3-5% of bean cake powder, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation material, wherein the Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue is obtained by fermenting the Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure as fermentation substrates.

[0009] Furthermore, the fermentation substrate is pretreated by spraying a tannic acid solution before fermentation. Specifically, a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20 to 30 mg / L is sprayed on the fermentation substrate, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 6 to 12 hours.

[0010] Further, the fermentation is performed by adding Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ) and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), and add water to the moisture content of the fermentation base material to 55~60%, first ferment at 28~30℃ for 2~3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35~40℃ for 2~3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2~3 days.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure in the fermentation substrate is 8-10:1, and the mass ratio of the number of live bacteria of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1.

[0012] A method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residues is characterized in that: Pleurotus eryngii residues are added with dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base material, then tannic acid solution is sprayed for pretreatment, microorganisms are inoculated for fermentation to obtain Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residues, and the Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residues, sawdust, bran, bean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation material.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment is to take the Pleurotus eryngii residue, treat it with clean water until the EC value of the clean water is below 0.4mS / cm, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve, add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30mg / L, stir evenly, and let it stand for 6-12h.

[0014] Further, the fermentation is performed by adding Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ) and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), and add water to the moisture content of the fermentation base material to 55~60%, first ferment at 28~30℃ for 2~3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35~40℃ for 2~3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2~3 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the mushroom residue powder to dry chicken manure is 8-10:1.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the live bacteria counts of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1~2:0.2~0.5:0.05~0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hulls as the main ingredient.

[0017] Furthermore, according to the mass percentage, 50-60% of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, 25-30% of sawdust, 10-15% of bran, 3-5% of bean cake powder, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation material.

[0018] Black fungus is an aerobic saprophyte. Excessive carbon dioxide and insufficient oxygen will inhibit the development of mycelium and the formation of fruiting bodies. The cultivation materials prepared with Pleurotus eryngii residue are prone to the problem of insufficient oxygen during the cultivation process. Black fungus is a colloid fungus, and the carbon and nitrogen ratio in the cultivation materials is relatively low, which will also lead to a decrease in the growth of mycelium. The invention sprays a low-concentration tannic acid solution for pretreatment before fermenting the king oyster mushroom, and then inoculates aspergillus niger and lactobacillus acidophilus for fermentation. In the initial stage of fermentation, the aspergillus niger preferentially ferments and decomposes the macromolecular nutrients remaining in the mushroom residue, and then the temperature is raised to promote the further fermentation of the lactobacillus acidophilus under the synergistic effect of tannic acid. Finally, natural fermentation is carried out to promote the further decomposition of the metabolites of microbial fermentation in the fermentation mushroom residue under the high temperature of natural fermentation, thereby increasing the oxygen content in the fermentation mushroom residue, changing the nutrients in the fermentation mushroom residue, reducing the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and replacing sawdust with the fermentation mushroom residue in proportion to prepare a cultivation material, so that the pH value and the nutritional structure of the final cultivation material are more compatible with the growth of the mycelium and the fruiting body of the black fungus. By using the king oyster mushroom residue as the raw material of the cultivation material, in addition to further reusing the king oyster mushroom residue to give play to its remaining nutritional value, the yield and quality of the black fungus are further improved on this basis.

[0019] A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure into a fermentation base material, spraying tannic acid solution for pretreatment, and then inoculating microorganisms for fermentation to prepare Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue; (2) Mixing Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, sawdust, bran, bean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate to form a cultivation material; (3) Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus spawn, cultivate and manage until the black fungus slices are mature, and then harvest them.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step (1), the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii residue to dry chicken manure is 8-10:1.

[0021] Furthermore, the pretreatment is to spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L into the fermentation substrate, stir evenly, and let it stand for 6-12 hours, and the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the tannic acid solution is 100:1-2.

[0022] Further, the fermentation is performed by adding Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ) and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), and add water to the moisture content of the fermentation base material to 55~60%, first ferment at 28~30℃ for 2~3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35~40℃ for 2~3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2~3 days.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the live bacteria counts of the fermentation substrate, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:0.2~0.5:0.05~0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), 50-60% of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, 25-30% of sawdust, 10-15% of bran, 3-5% of bean cake powder, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation material according to mass fraction.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (3), the black fungus strain is inoculated in the fungus bag with an inoculation amount of 1-2%. The cultivation management is carried out at a temperature of 20-25° C. and a relative humidity of 85%-90%, and the fungus is cultured until the mycelium fills the fungus bag. Holes are evenly punctured on the fungus bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole fungus bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm. The fungus is trapped at 20° C. and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and the germination is accelerated at 16-18° C. After the buds grow out, water is sprayed in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow into a flat or disc shape, the amount of water sprayed is increased to 90-95%. Before the ear pieces mature, the amount of water sprayed is reduced to reduce the relative humidity of the air to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22° C. during the ear expansion period, and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0026] A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of fermentation residue Take Pleurotus eryngii residue, treat it by leaching with clean water until the EC value of the clean water is less than 0.4mS / cm, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and then crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve, add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base, spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30mg / L, stir evenly, let it stand for 6-12h, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, add water until the water content of the fermentation base is 55-60%, ferment at 28-30℃ for 2-3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40℃ for 2-3 days, and then naturally ferment for 2-3 days, the mass ratio of the residue powder to the dry chicken manure is 8-10:1, the mass ratio of the live bacteria count of the fermentation substrate, the tannic acid solution, the Aspergillus niger and the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient.

[0027] (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 50-60% fermented fungus residue, 25-30% sawdust, 10-15% bran, 3-5% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 1-2%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0028] The present invention has the following technical effects: In the present invention, a tannic acid solution of a specific concentration is used to pretreat the fermentation residue of Pleurotus eryngii, and then a specific fermentation treatment is performed, and the fermentation residue obtained replaces part of sawdust to prepare a cultivation material, thereby effectively improving the growth rate and growth potential of black fungus mycelium, shortening the mycelium bag-filling cycle, and promoting the growth of black fungus fruiting bodies, thereby improving the yield and quality thereof. The yield of black fungus is increased by 11.29% compared with a cultivation material without Pleurotus eryngii residue, and the contents of fungus polysaccharides and amino acids in the black fungus are significantly increased, thereby effectively promoting the breeding quality of high-quality black fungus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention.

[0030] The Pleurotus eryngii residue in the present invention is the discarded Pleurotus eryngii residue after a wave of mushrooms are harvested in a factory, and is the Pleurotus eryngii residue with cottonseed hulls as the main material (the cottonseed hulls account for more than 70% of the original cultivation material of the Pleurotus eryngii residue).

[0031] Among the microorganisms used in the present invention, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ) is deposited with the number CGMCC3.3289, Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ) has a deposit number of CGMCC 1.1878 and can be purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC).

[0032] Example 1 A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of fermentation residue Take the pleurotus eryngii residue (the original cultivation material formula of pleurotus eryngii residue: cottonseed hull 78%, bran 15%, corn flour 5%, gypsum powder 1%, lime powder 1%), and treat it with clean water until the EC value of clean water is below 0.4mS / cm. Then, dry the pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 25 mg / L. After stirring evenly, let it stand for 10 h later, adding Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and adding water to the water content of the fermentation base material to be 55-60%, first fermenting at 28-30° C. for 3 days, fermenting at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40° C. for 3 days, and then naturally fermenting for 2 days, the mass ratio of the mushroom residue powder to dry chicken manure is 9:1, the mass ratio of the live bacteria count of the fermentation substrate, the tannic acid solution, the Aspergillus niger and the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1.5:0.4:0.08, and the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue is a mushroom residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient; (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 55% fermented fungus residue, 25% sawdust, 15% bran, 3% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 1.5%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0033] By pretreating the fermentation substrate and then fermenting it, the nutritional composition of the fermentation substrate can be adjusted. Different treatment methods also have a significant impact on the changes in the nutritional components of the fermentation substrate. During the fermentation process, the initial nutritional structure of the fermentation substrate was tested first, and then different treatment methods were set up: no tannic acid solution was added, Aspergillus niger was added alone, Lactobacillus acidophilus was added alone, and other organic acids were used instead of tannic acid for pretreatment (citric acid and oxalic acid were tested respectively). The changes in the nutritional components of the fermentation substrate before and after fermentation are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1: Changes in nutrient content of fermentation substrates before and after fermentation

[0035] During the fermentation process, different treatment methods were used for the fermentation substrate, and the nutritional components of the final fermentation product showed significant differences, among which the carbon-nitrogen ratio changed significantly, and the pH was significantly lower than that of the original fermentation substrate. In the experimental group in which citric acid and oxalic acid were used to replace the tannic acid pretreatment fermentation substrate, the crude protein content increased, but the effect was not obvious, and the crude fiber content was significantly higher than that of Example 1 and the group without tannic acid. This shows that the addition of tannic acid has a significant effect on the fermentation and metabolism process of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the slag of Pleurotus eryngii, thereby changing the nutritional structure in the fermentation slag of Pleurotus eryngii. Black fungus belongs to the colloid fungus, and the high nitrogen content in the cultivation material will cause the mycelium growth to decline. Cultivation materials with different carbon-nitrogen ratios will also have a key impact on the growth of black fungus.

[0036] In order to further verify the effect of fermented fungus residue prepared by different treatment means on the quality of black fungus, the cultivation material formula and cultivation method of Example 1 were used, and the effect of different fermented fungus residues of Pleurotus eryngii in the cultivation material was determined by replacing the fermented fungus residue of Pleurotus eryngii in the cultivation material. In addition, a group was added, in which organic acid pretreatment was not added during the fermentation process. After the fermentation was completed, an equal amount of tannic acid was added to the fermented fungus residue, and then mixed with the cultivation material, wherein the blank group was not added with Pleurotus eryngii fermented fungus residue, and the Pleurotus eryngii fermented fungus residue was replaced with an equal amount of sawdust. The growth of black fungus mycelium, the yield of black fungus, crude protein content, black fungus polysaccharide content, amino acid content and other nutritional components were specifically tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2: Effects of different Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residues on the cultivation quality of black fungus

[0038] It can be seen that in the cultivation material group in which the Pleurotus eryngii residue of organic acid pretreatment fermentation is involved, compared with the blank group without adding fermentation residue, the mycelium growth is not greatly affected, the yield of fungus has a certain decline, the crude protein content declines significantly, and the polysaccharide and amino acid contents also appear to decline slightly. In the embodiment 1 group using tannic acid pretreatment, the mycelium growth rate is significantly improved, the dry fungus yield is also increased, and the crude protein content declines not significantly, and the polysaccharide content and the total amount of amino acids appear a significant increase, which shows that the pretreatment of tannic acid changes the nutritional structure of the cultivation material and has a beneficial effect on the growth of black fungus. In the experimental group in which tannic acid is added to the residue after the fermentation is completed, both the mycelium growth of black fungus and the subsequent fruiting body growth are inhibited, the yield is significantly reduced, and the subsequent polysaccharide and amino acid contents in black fungus are significantly reduced. In the group where the tannic acid used in the pretreatment was replaced with organic acids such as citric acid and oxalic acid, the mycelial growth declined significantly, and the dry fungus yield and quality declined significantly compared to the group without acid treatment. This shows that other organic acid pretreatments not only did not play a beneficial role, but further inhibited the growth of black fungus mycelium and fruiting bodies. In addition, the dry fungus yield and fruiting body quality in the fermentation groups with Aspergillus niger or Lactobacillus acidophilus also declined to varying degrees.

[0039] In the cultivation material using fermented fungus residue, the fermented fungus residue is actually used to replace the sawdust in the original cultivation material. Therefore, the cultivation material without fermented fungus residue is 80% sawdust, 15% bran, 3% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, 1% superphosphate, and the bag is 2kg / bag. Based on this, different amounts of fermented fungus residue are used to replace sawdust to make different cultivation material formulas. According to the same inoculation management in Example 1 until harvest, the growth of black fungus mycelium, the yield and quality of black fungus are tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0040] Table 3: Effect of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue content in cultivation medium on the growth of black fungus

[0041] It can be seen that with the change of the content of fermented fungus residue in the cultivation material, the growth of black fungus mycelium, the formation of fruiting bodies, and the nutritional components of black fungus have all changed significantly. When the fermented fungus residue accounts for 50-60%, the average growth rate of black fungus mycelium is the fastest, and the number of days to fill the bag is reduced from 41 days to 33-38 days. The dry fungus yield has not decreased compared with the blank group, and has a slightly upward trend. The crude protein, polysaccharide and amino acid content in black fungus have all increased to varying degrees.

[0042] The amino acid content of black fungus in the blank group and Example 1 was specifically analyzed, and most of the amino acid contents showed obvious changes. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0043] Table 4: Changes in amino acid content (mg / g)

[0044] It can be seen that compared with the blank group, the amino acid content in black fungus cultivated with the culture medium containing fermented mushroom residue of Pleurotus eryngii has changed significantly, among which the content of threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and phenylalanine (Phe) has increased most significantly.

[0045] In the process of preparing fermented residue, attempts were made to ferment Pleurotus eryngii residue with different formulations. The results showed that the tannic acid pretreatment in the present invention combined with fermentation with specific microbial agents could not achieve the above effects on Pleurotus eryngii residue with low cottonseed hull content (less than 70%) or other substances such as sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, etc. as the main ingredients. The fermented residue was used in the cultivation of black fungus, and the yield and quality of the produced black fungus were poor, which was significantly lower than that of the CK group with sterile residue added.

[0046] Example 2 A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of fermentation residue Take Pleurotus eryngii residue (the original cultivation material formula of Pleurotus eryngii residue: 78% cottonseed hull, 15% bran, 5% corn flour, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder), and treat it with clean water until the EC value of clean water is below 0.4mS / cm. Dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. After stirring evenly, let it stand for 12 hours, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to the water content of the fermentation base material to be 55-60%. Ferment at 28-30°C for 2 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40°C for 3 days, and then ferment naturally for 3 days. The mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the number of live bacteria of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100: 2:0.2:0.05, the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue mainly made of cottonseed hulls; (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 50% fermented fungus residue, 30% sawdust, 13% bran, 5% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 2%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0047] The average growth rate of the black fungus mycelium cultivated in this embodiment reached 3.8 mm / d, the yield of dried black fungus bags was 68 g / bag, the polysaccharide content of black fungus reached 5.11%, and the total amino acid content was 89.72 mg / g.

[0048] Example 3 A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of fermentation residue Take Pleurotus eryngii residue (the original cultivation material formula of Pleurotus eryngii residue: 78% cottonseed hull, 15% bran, 5% corn flour, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder), and treat it with clean water until the EC value of clean water is below 0.4mS / cm. Dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 30mg / L. After stirring evenly, let it stand for 6 hours, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to the water content of the fermentation base material to be 55-60%. Ferment at 28-30℃ for 3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40℃ for 2 days, and then ferment naturally for 2 days to obtain fermented residue. The mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 8:1, and the mass ratio of the live bacteria count of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1:0.5: 0.1, the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient.

[0049] (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 60% fermented fungus residue, 25% sawdust, 10% bran, 3% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 1%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0050] The average growth rate of the black fungus mycelium cultivated in this embodiment reached 3.9 mm / d, the yield of dried black fungus bags was 69 g / bag, the polysaccharide content of black fungus reached 5.15%, and the total amino acid content was 90.14 mg / g.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: Pleurotus eryngii residue is added to dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base material, which is then pretreated by spraying tannic acid solution and then inoculated with microorganisms for fermentation to obtain Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue. The Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, sawdust, bran, bean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material.

2. The method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment is to take the Pleurotus eryngii residue, treat it with clean water until the EC value of the clean water is below 0.4mS / cm, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve, add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30mg / L, stir evenly, and let it stand for 6-12h.

3. The method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fermentation is performed by adding Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus to the pretreated fermentation substrate, adding water until the water content of the fermentation substrate is 55-60%, first fermenting at 28-30° C. for 2-3 days, fermenting at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40° C. for 2-3 days, and then naturally fermenting for 2-3 days.

4. A method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mushroom residue powder to dry chicken manure is 8-10:1, the mass ratio of the live bacteria counts of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue is a mushroom residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient.

5. The method for preparing a black fungus cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, 50-60% of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, 25-30% of sawdust, 10-15% of bran, 3-5% of bean cake powder, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation material.

6. A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Mixing Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure into a fermentation base, spraying tannic acid solution for pretreatment, and then inoculating microorganisms for fermentation to prepare Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue; (2) Mixing Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, sawdust, bran, bean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate to form a cultivation material; (3) Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus spawn, cultivate and manage until the black fungus slices are mature, and then harvest them.

7. The method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii residue to dry chicken manure is 8-10:

1.

8. The method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The pretreatment in step (1) is to spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L on the fermentation substrate, stir evenly, and let it stand for 6-12 hours. The mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the tannic acid solution is 100:1-2.

9. The method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues as claimed in claims 6-8, characterized in that: The fermentation is performed by adding Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus to the pretreated fermentation substrate, adding water until the water content of the fermentation substrate is 55-60%, first fermenting at 28-30° C. for 2-3 days, fermenting at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40° C. for 2-3 days, and then naturally fermenting for 2-3 days. The mass ratio of the live bacteria counts of the fermentation substrate, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient.

10. A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparation of fermentation residue Take Pleurotus eryngii residue, treat it by leaching with clean water until the EC value of the clean water is less than 0.4mS / cm, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and then crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve, add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base, spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30mg / L, stir evenly, let it stand for 6-12h, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, add water until the water content of the fermentation base is 55-60%, ferment at 28-30℃ for 2-3 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40℃ for 2-3 days, and then naturally ferment for 2-3 days, the mass ratio of the residue powder to the dry chicken manure is 8-10:1, the mass ratio of the live bacteria count of the fermentation substrate, the tannic acid solution, the Aspergillus niger and the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed hull as the main ingredient. (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 50-60% fermented fungus residue, 25-30% sawdust, 10-15% bran, 3-5% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 1-2%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

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