A method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco

Abstract

This invention provides a method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves, belonging to the field of tobacco cultivation technology. The cultivation method includes the following steps: ridging and drip irrigation cultivation; before transplanting tobacco seedlings, the ridges are moistened to increase soil moisture, controlling the drip irrigation flow rate at 1.0-1.5 L / h and the drip irrigation duration at 3-5 hours; shading begins after the tobacco plants enter the bush stage, with the shade net having a light transmittance of 60%-80%; during the vigorous growth period of the tobacco plants until the end of harvest, spraying is carried out when the temperature exceeds 33℃, with a spraying volume of 800-1500 kg / mu. Through the cultivation method of this invention, the appearance quality of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves can be significantly improved, such as color uniformity and leaf tissue integrity, as well as physical properties such as leaf thickness and elasticity. High-quality wrappers can enhance the overall quality of cigars, strengthen their competitiveness in the market, meet consumer demand for high-quality cigars, and thus increase the added value of cigar products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tobacco cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers. Background Technology

[0002] The wrapper is a crucial component of a cigar, serving as a significant indicator of its quality and grade, and possessing high commercial value. While cigar tobacco cultivation has reached a certain scale and gained experience in some regions, numerous problems persist. During cultivation, insufficient understanding of varietal characteristics, imprecise selection of planting environments, and imperfect cultivation techniques lead to inconsistent yields and quality of wrapper tobacco leaves. Many growers still employ traditional, extensive cultivation methods, lacking scientific management and technical support.

[0003] The appearance quality of wrapper tobacco leaves directly affects the appearance and market value of cigars. High-quality wrapper tobacco leaves should have a uniform color, smooth surface, complete leaf shape, and appropriate leaf size. However, in actual cultivation, problems such as uneven leaf color, rough surface, damaged or deformed leaves often occur. Furthermore, the physical properties of wrapper tobacco leaves include leaf thickness, elasticity, toughness, and tensile strength, but current cultivation methods often struggle to effectively control these physical properties, resulting in leaves whose physical properties do not meet the requirements for cigar making.

[0004] In conclusion, existing cigar tobacco cultivation methods are insufficient in improving the appearance quality and optimizing the physical properties of wrapper tobacco leaves. There is an urgent need for a scientific and systematic cultivation method that can effectively increase the yield and quality of wrapper tobacco leaves, meet the market demand for high-quality cigars, and provide high-quality raw materials for cigar production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves, which promotes the growth of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves and improves the appearance quality and physical properties of the tobacco leaves.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers includes the following steps:

[0008] For ridge-drip irrigation cultivation, moisten the ridges before transplanting tobacco seedlings to increase soil moisture, controlling the drip irrigation flow rate at 1.0-1.5L / h and the drip irrigation duration at 3-5h; begin shading after the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, with the shade net having a light transmittance of 60%-80%; from the vigorous growth period of the tobacco plants until the end of harvest, spray water when the temperature exceeds 33℃, with a spray volume of 800-1500kg / mu.

[0009] Preferably, the specifications for ridging are as follows: the ridge spacing is 100-120cm, the bottom width of the ridge is 70-90cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30cm; a drip irrigation tape is laid on the ridge surface, and the drip irrigation tape is located 7-9cm to one side of the center line of the ridge surface.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a silver-gray two-tone mulch film with a thickness of 0.006-0.01 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted when they have 6 leaves and 1 heart leaf. The planting holes are located on the center line of the ridge, with a depth of 10-15 cm and a spacing of 35-45 cm between holes.

[0012] Preferably, the method also includes applying base fertilizer, which includes 32-50 kg / mu of fermented soybeans, 16-25 kg / mu of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, 16-25 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, 8-12.5 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, 4-6.3 kg / mu of calcium nitrate, and 8-12.5 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, mixed in proportion and applied in holes.

[0013] Preferably, the ridge moistening is carried out 10-20 days before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted.

[0014] Preferably, the shade net is gray or off-white in color and made of polypropylene.

[0015] Preferably, the spraying is carried out between 14:00 and 16:00, and the spraying time is 20-30 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the method also includes drip irrigation once every 10-20 days from the vigorous growth period of the tobacco plants until the end of harvest, with a drip irrigation flow rate of 1.0-1.5 L / h and a drip irrigation duration of 3-6 h.

[0017] Preferably, the method also includes spraying the tobacco plant leaves 2-4 times from the time the tobacco plants begin to bud until the end of harvest. The growth regulator contains 5%-15% potassium humate from mineral sources, 10%-20% fish protein and 0.1%-0.3% chelated zinc by mass, and the spraying amount is 1.5-2.5 L / mu.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention provides a method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, employing a raised-ridge drip irrigation system. This provides the tobacco plants with ample soil space and aeration, facilitating management and enabling precise irrigation to improve water use efficiency. Before transplanting, moistening the raised ridges ensures optimal soil moisture for seedling survival and growth. After the initial rosette stage, shading is applied to regulate light intensity, prevent damage from strong sunlight, and improve tobacco leaf quality. During the vigorous growth period until harvest, spraying is used to cool the soil and maintain suitable temperature and humidity, mitigating heat-related damage.

[0020] The cultivation method of this invention can significantly improve the appearance quality of cigar wrapper leaves, such as color uniformity and leaf tissue integrity, as well as physical properties, such as leaf thickness and elasticity. High-quality wrappers enhance the overall quality of cigars, strengthen their market competitiveness, meet consumer demand for high-quality cigars, and ultimately increase the added value of cigar products. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, including ridging, mulching, applying base fertilizer in holes, laying drip irrigation tape, moistening the ridges to increase soil moisture, transplanting, erecting a shade net, drip irrigation, spraying to increase humidity, and growth regulation. Specifically:

[0022] The preferred specifications for ridging in this invention are: ridge spacing of 100-120cm, more preferably 110cm; ridge bottom width of 70-90cm, more preferably 80cm; ridge top width of 30-40cm, more preferably 35cm; and ridge height of 20-30cm, more preferably 25cm. Appropriate ridge spacing, bottom width, top width, and height provide good soil space and aeration for tobacco plant growth, which is beneficial for root extension and development. It also facilitates field management operations such as fertilization and irrigation.

[0023] The present invention preferably uses a silver-gray two-tone mulch film, more preferably with a film thickness of 0.006-0.01 mm, and even more preferably 0.008 mm. The silver-gray two-tone mulch film has excellent heat preservation, moisture retention, weed control, and pest and disease suppression effects. The silver-gray side facing upwards increases soil temperature and reflects sunlight, repelling aphids and whiteflies; the black side facing downwards inhibits weed growth, reducing competition between weeds and tobacco plants for nutrients and water, thus creating a favorable environment for tobacco plant growth.

[0024] This invention preferably uses all the fertilizers required for tobacco as base fertilizer, including 32-50 kg / mu of fermented soybeans, more preferably 40 kg / mu, and even more preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the fermented soybeans is 6%, 1%, and 2%, respectively; preferably 16-25 kg / mu of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, more preferably 20 kg / mu, and even more preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer is 15%, 15%, and 15%, respectively; preferably 16-25 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, more preferably 20 kg / mu; preferably 8-12.5 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, more preferably 10 kg / mu; preferably 4-6.3 kg / mu of calcium nitrate, more preferably 5 kg / mu; and preferably 8-12.5 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, more preferably 10 kg / mu. After mixing according to the specified proportions, the fertilizer is applied in holes, more preferably thoroughly mixed with the soil in the holes, and then the mulch around the holes is pressed down firmly. The application of base fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for tobacco plant growth, meeting its needs at different growth stages. Fermented soybeans can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility; tobacco-specific compound fertilizer provides macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants; potassium sulfate can improve the quality of tobacco leaves; potassium nitrate provides nitrogen and potassium to promote the vegetative and reproductive growth of tobacco plants; calcium nitrate can supplement calcium and enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants; magnesium hydroxide can supplement magnesium, promote chlorophyll synthesis, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.

[0025] This invention preferably involves laying one drip irrigation tape on the surface of each ridge, more preferably 7-9 cm to one side of the center line of the ridge, and even more preferably 8 cm. Laying the drip irrigation tape enables precise irrigation, saves water, and improves water use efficiency. Positioning the drip irrigation tape appropriately ensures that water is evenly distributed on the ridge surface, providing sufficient moisture to the tobacco roots while avoiding adverse effects on tobacco growth from excessive or insufficient water.

[0026] This invention involves ridge irrigation to increase soil moisture before transplanting tobacco seedlings. The drip irrigation flow rate is controlled at 1.0-1.5 L / h, preferably 1.2-1.4 L / h, and more preferably 1.25 L / h, with a drip irrigation duration of 3-5 hours, preferably 4 hours. Ridge irrigation ensures sufficient soil moisture, providing favorable soil conditions for seedling transplanting, which is beneficial for seedling survival and growth. Appropriate drip irrigation flow rate and duration ensure moderate soil moisture, preventing waterlogging that could lead to root hypoxia, while meeting the water requirements of the seedlings. Preferably, ridge irrigation is performed 10-20 days before seedling transplanting, and more preferably 15 days before transplanting.

[0027] This invention preferably involves transplanting tobacco seedlings when they have 6 leaves and 1 bud. The planting holes are located on the center line of the ridge, with a depth of 10-15 cm, more preferably 12 cm, and a spacing of 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm. Transplanting at the 6-leaf-1-bud stage allows the seedlings to establish a certain growth foundation and better adapt to the new environment. Appropriate planting hole depth and spacing ensure sufficient space for growth among the plants, avoiding competition for nutrients, water, and light, while also facilitating ventilation and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0028] This invention involves shading the tobacco plants after they enter the rosette stage. The shading net has a light transmittance of 60%-80%, preferably 70%. More preferably, the shading net is gray or off-white in color and made of polypropylene. More preferably, the shading net covers the entire tobacco field without leaving any gaps around it. Shading can regulate light intensity and prevent strong light from damaging the tobacco plants. Especially after the rosette stage, the light requirements of the tobacco plants change. Appropriate shading can provide a suitable low-light environment for the growth of the tobacco leaves, improving the appearance quality of the leaves. The gray or off-white shading net has a moderate light transmittance, which can meet the light requirements of the tobacco plants while reducing direct strong light without changing the light quality composition.

[0029] This invention preferably involves drip irrigation every 10-20 days from the peak growth period of tobacco plants until the end of harvest, more preferably every 15 days. The preferred drip irrigation flow rate is 1.0-1.5 L / h, more preferably 1.25 L / h, and the preferred drip irrigation duration is 3-6 hours, more preferably 4.5 hours. During the peak growth period of tobacco plants until the end of harvest, the plants have a high water requirement. Regular drip irrigation can meet their growth needs, maintain soil moisture, and promote plant growth and leaf development. Appropriate drip irrigation frequency, flow rate, and duration ensure stable water supply and avoid adverse effects on the tobacco plants from excessive or insufficient water.

[0030] This invention involves spraying during the vigorous growth period of tobacco plants until the end of harvest, when the temperature exceeds 33℃. The water volume is 800-1500 kg / mu, preferably 1200 kg / mu. More preferably, spraying is carried out between 14:00 and 16:00, with a spraying duration of 20-30 minutes, more preferably 25 minutes. As one possible implementation, spraying can be performed using a suspended spraying system mounted on the top of a shade structure. Spraying at high temperatures can lower the temperature around the tobacco plants, increase humidity, reduce the harmful effects of high temperatures on the plants, and provide a humid environment for tobacco leaf growth. Appropriate water volume, spraying time, and spraying method can effectively lower the temperature, increase humidity, reduce leaf transpiration, and make the leaves more supple.

[0031] This invention preferably involves spraying the tobacco leaves with a growth regulator 2-4 times from the budding stage to the end of harvest, more preferably 3 times. The growth regulator preferably contains 5%-15% by mass of mineral-derived potassium humate, 10%-20% fish protein, and 0.1%-0.3% chelated zinc, more preferably 10% mineral-derived potassium humate, 15% fish protein, and 0.2% chelated zinc. The preferred application rate is 1.5-2.5 L / mu, more preferably 2 L / mu. Spraying the growth regulator can regulate the growth and development of tobacco plants, improving the quality and yield of tobacco leaves. Mineral-derived potassium humate can promote root growth and improve nutrient absorption; fish protein can enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants and improve the quality of tobacco leaves; chelated zinc can promote photosynthesis and protein synthesis, improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Appropriate spraying frequency, application rate, and growth regulator formulation can fully exert their effects, promoting healthy growth of tobacco plants and the formation of high-quality tobacco leaves.

[0032] The present invention does not have any special restrictions on the specific sources of the required equipment, materials and reagents, all of which can be obtained through market channels.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, the steps are as follows:

[0036] (1) Ridge making: The ridge spacing is 110cm, the bottom width of the ridge is 80cm, the top width of the ridge is 35cm, and the height of the ridge is 25cm.

[0037] (2) Mulch film: The mulch film is silver-gray two-color film with a thickness of 0.008mm.

[0038] (3) Apply base fertilizer by drilling holes: Drill holes on the tobacco ridges for fertilization, with a spacing of 40cm between holes. Apply 40kg of fermented soybeans, 20kg of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, 20kg of potassium sulfate, 10kg of potassium nitrate, 5kg of calcium nitrate, and 10kg of magnesium hydroxide per acre. Mix the fertilizers thoroughly and apply them evenly to the holes. After applying the fertilizer, mix it thoroughly with the soil in the holes, and then press the plastic film around the holes firmly.

[0039] (4) Laying drip irrigation tape: After ridging and fertilizing, lay drip irrigation tape on the ridge, one tape per ridge, with the drip irrigation tape laid 9cm to one side of the center line of the ridge.

[0040] (5) Moistening the soil: Moistening the soil should be carried out 15 days before transplanting, with a drip irrigation flow rate of 1.5L / h and a drip irrigation duration of 5h.

[0041] (6) Transplanting: Transplanting was carried out on May 20. The transplanted tobacco seedlings had 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stems were 8cm tall. The well-cellar transplanting method was used.

[0042] (7) Start shading: When the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, build a shading shed on the top of the tobacco field and cover it with a shading net. The shading net is grayish-white in color, made of polypropylene, and has a light transmittance of 65%-70%. The shading net covers the entire tobacco field without leaving any gaps around it.

[0043] (8) Drip irrigation: From the time the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage until the end of harvest, drip irrigation is carried out once every 10 days. The drip irrigation flow rate is 1.5L / h and the drip irrigation duration is 5h. Drip irrigation is not carried out if there is rainfall (24h rainfall is greater than 20mm).

[0044] (9) Spraying to increase humidity: During the vigorous growth period until the end of harvest, when the temperature exceeds 33℃, use the suspended spraying facilities on the top of the shade shed to spray water for 25 minutes from 14:00 to 16:00, with a water volume of 1000 kg per mu.

[0045] (10) Growth regulation: From the budding stage to the end of harvest, apply the growth regulator to the leaves of the tobacco plants three times, with a dosage of 2L / mu each time. The growth regulator contains 10% potassium humate from mineral source, 15% fish protein and 0.2% chelated zinc by mass.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, the steps are as follows:

[0048] (1) Ridge making: The ridge spacing is 100cm, the bottom width of the ridge is 70cm, the top width of the ridge is 30cm, and the height of the ridge is 20cm.

[0049] (2) Mulch film: The mulch film is silver-gray two-color film with a thickness of 0.006mm.

[0050] (3) Apply base fertilizer by digging holes: Dig holes on the tobacco ridges for fertilization, with a spacing of 35cm between holes. Apply 32kg of fermented soybeans, 16kg of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, 16kg of potassium sulfate, 8kg of potassium nitrate, 4kg of calcium nitrate, and 8kg of magnesium hydroxide per acre. Mix the fertilizers thoroughly and apply them evenly to the holes. After applying the fertilizer, mix it thoroughly with the soil in the holes, and then press the plastic film around the holes firmly.

[0051] (4) Laying drip irrigation tape: After ridging and fertilizing, lay drip irrigation tape on the ridge, one tape per ridge, and the drip irrigation tape is laid 7cm to one side of the center line of the ridge.

[0052] (5) Moistening the soil: Moistening the soil 10 days before transplanting, with a drip irrigation flow rate of 1.0 L / h and a drip irrigation duration of 3 hours.

[0053] (6) Transplanting: Transplanting was carried out on May 15. The transplanted tobacco seedlings had 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stems were 7cm tall. The well-cellar transplanting method was used.

[0054] (7) Start shading: When the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, build a shading shed on the top of the tobacco field and cover it with a shading net. The shading net is gray in color, made of polypropylene, and has a light transmittance of 60%. The shading net covers the entire tobacco field without leaving any gaps around it.

[0055] (8) Drip irrigation: From the time the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage until the end of harvest, drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 days. The drip irrigation flow rate is 1.0L / h and the drip irrigation duration is 3h. If there is rainfall (24h rainfall greater than 20mm), drip irrigation is not carried out.

[0056] (9) Spraying to increase humidity: During the vigorous growth period until the end of harvest, when the temperature exceeds 33℃, use the suspended spraying facilities on the top of the shade shed to spray water for 20 minutes from 14:00 to 16:00, with a water volume of 800 kg per mu.

[0057] (10) Growth regulation: From the budding stage to the end of harvest, apply the growth regulator to the leaves of the tobacco plants twice, with a dosage of 1.5 L / mu each time. The growth regulator contains 5% potassium humate from mineral source, 10% fish protein and 0.1% chelated zinc by mass.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, the steps are as follows:

[0060] (1) Ridging: The ridge spacing is 120cm, the bottom width of the ridge is 90cm, the top width of the ridge is 40cm, and the height of the ridge is 30cm.

[0061] (2) Mulch film: The mulch film is silver-gray two-color film with a thickness of 0.01mm.

[0062] (3) Apply base fertilizer by digging holes: Dig holes on the tobacco ridges for fertilization, with a spacing of 45cm between holes. Apply 50kg of fermented soybeans, 25kg of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate, 12.5kg of potassium nitrate, 6.3kg of calcium nitrate, and 12.5kg of magnesium hydroxide per acre. Mix the fertilizers thoroughly and apply them evenly to the holes. After applying the fertilizer, mix it thoroughly with the soil in the holes, and then press the plastic film around the holes firmly.

[0063] (4) Laying drip irrigation tape: After ridging and fertilizing, lay drip irrigation tape on the ridge, one tape per ridge, and the drip irrigation tape is laid 8cm to one side of the center line of the ridge.

[0064] (5) Moistening the soil: Moistening the soil 20 days before transplanting, with a drip irrigation flow rate of 1.3 L / h and a drip irrigation duration of 4 hours.

[0065] (6) Transplanting: Transplanting was carried out on May 25. The transplanted tobacco seedlings had 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stems were 9cm tall. The well-cellar transplanting method was used.

[0066] (7) Start shading: When the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, build a shading shed on the top of the tobacco field and cover it with a shading net. The shading net is grayish-white in color, made of polypropylene, and has a light transmittance of 80%. The shading net covers the entire tobacco field without leaving any gaps around it.

[0067] (8) Drip irrigation: From the time the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage until the end of harvest, drip irrigation is carried out once every 20 days. The drip irrigation flow rate is 1.3L / h and the drip irrigation duration is 6h. Drip irrigation is not carried out if there is rainfall (24h rainfall is greater than 20mm).

[0068] (9) Spraying to increase humidity: During the vigorous growth period until the end of harvest, when the temperature exceeds 33℃, use the suspended spraying facilities on the top of the shade shed to spray water for 30 minutes from 14:00 to 16:00, with a water volume of 1500 kg per mu.

[0069] (10) Growth regulation: From the budding stage to the end of harvest, apply the growth regulator to the leaves of the tobacco plants four times, with a dosage of 2.5 L / mu each time. The growth regulator contains 15% potassium humate from mineral source, 20% fish protein and 0.3% chelated zinc by mass.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] The planting location is Changdayu Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province, and the variety planted is the QX103 cigar. The plot area is 44m². 2 Repeat 3 times, using a randomized block design.

[0072] Cigar wrapper tobacco was cultivated using Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, in which:

[0073] Comparative Example 1: Same as Example 1, except that the amount of nitrogen applied as base fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen) accounted for 60% of the total nitrogen application, the amount of organic fertilizer was calculated as organic nitrogen accounting for 30% of the total nitrogen application, fermented soybean, tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide were all applied, and the application method was strip application; after the tobacco plants entered the rosette stage, the remaining nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied using drip irrigation equipment, the fertilizer was potassium nitrate, and the number of top-applications was 3; the shade net was white in color, made of polypropylene, and had a light transmittance of 85%-90%; no spraying for humidification or growth regulation was carried out.

[0074] Comparative Example 2: Same as Example 1, except that the soil was not moistened before transplanting; the shade net was white, made of polypropylene, and had a light transmittance of 75%-85%; and no spraying or growth regulation was performed.

[0075] Comparative Example 3: Same as Example 1, except that the soil was not moistened before transplanting; the shade net was white, made of polypropylene, and had a light transmittance of 70%; and no spraying or growth regulation was performed.

[0076] The tobacco plants were harvested and dried starting 60 days after transplanting, with a total of 6 harvests, each yielding approximately 3 leaves. After each harvest and drying, the tobacco leaves were sampled from different plots according to the "Standard for Industrial and Commercial Transfer Grades of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Leaves" (YC / T 588-2021). The appearance was assessed using the method proposed in the literature (Lin Zhihui et al., 2023), and relevant indicators were calculated.

[0077] Experimental results:

[0078] Using the cultivation method of Example 1, the humidity of the tobacco field soil and canopy was increased, with soil moisture content maintained at 16.78%-21.71% during the growing season, and the relative humidity of the canopy air during the daytime maintained at 72.4%-87.9% (except on cloudy or rainy days); the light intensity and temperature of the canopy were reduced, with the maximum photosynthetically active radiation of the canopy not exceeding 940 μmol / m². 2 / s, the canopy temperature was maintained at 16.2-36.4℃, with the highest temperature being 7.3℃ lower than that of conventional methods. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, Example 1 adjusted the nutritional status of tobacco plants by applying full base fertilizer and regulating growth, increasing soil moisture by mulching before transplanting, and shading after the crowning stage and spraying to increase humidity after the vigorous growth stage. By controlling canopy temperature, humidity and photosynthetically active radiation, the appearance quality and physical properties of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves can be effectively improved, providing high-quality raw materials for cigar production.

[0079] Table 1. Appearance quality of tobacco leaves under different cultivation methods

[0080]

[0081] Table 2 Physical properties of tobacco leaves grown under different cultivation methods

[0082]

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating tobacco leaves for cigar wrappers, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Ridging, mulching, applying base fertilizer in holes, laying drip irrigation tape, moistening the ridges to increase soil moisture, transplanting, shading, drip irrigation, spraying to increase humidity and growth regulation; The aforementioned ridge irrigation and moisture enhancement is carried out 10-20 days before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, with the drip irrigation flow rate controlled at 1.0-1.5 L / h and the drip irrigation duration at 3-5 hours; The shading is started after the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage. The shading net has a light transmittance of 70%-80% and is gray or grayish-white in color. The spraying humidification is carried out from the vigorous growth period of the tobacco plants until the end of harvest, when the temperature exceeds 33℃, between 14:00 and 16:00, for a duration of 20-30 minutes, with a water volume of 800-1500 kg / mu. The growth regulation involves spraying the tobacco leaves 2-4 times from the budding stage to the end of harvest. The growth regulator contains 5%-15% potassium humate from mineral sources, 10%-20% fish protein, and 0.1%-0.3% chelated zinc by mass, with a spraying rate of 1.5-2.5 L / mu.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specifications for ridging are as follows: the ridge spacing is 100-120cm, the bottom width of the ridge is 70-90cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30cm; a drip irrigation tape is laid on the ridge surface, and the drip irrigation tape is located 7-9cm to one side of the center line of the ridge surface.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The covering mulch is a silver-gray two-tone mulch, and the thickness of the mulch is 0.006-0.01 mm.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tobacco seedlings are transplanted when they have 6 leaves and 1 heart. The planting holes are located on the center line of the ridge, with a depth of 10-15cm and a spacing of 35-45cm between holes.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The base fertilizer includes 32-50 kg / mu of fermented soybeans, 16-25 kg / mu of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, 16-25 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, 8-12.5 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, 4-6.3 kg / mu of calcium nitrate, and 8-12.5 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, which are mixed in proportion and applied in holes.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shade net is made of polypropylene.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, From the vigorous growth period of the tobacco plants until the end of harvest, drip irrigation is carried out once every 10-20 days, with a drip flow rate of 1.0-1.5 L / h and a drip irrigation duration of 3-6 hours.

Images