Ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type cooling numerical control lathe through tool turret and turning tool

Abstract

The ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type cooling numerical control lathe comprises a slant lathe body lathe main machine, an ultralow-temperature medium heat insulation transmission regulation and control system, an ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type tool turret and an ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type turning tool. By means of the ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type tool turret and the ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type turning tool, cooling of ultralow-temperature media conveyed to a tool nose through an inner cavity channel of the tool turret-tool is achieved, and the integration problem of the liquid nitrogen internal spraying type cooling function and a conventional lathe structure is solved; the tail end of the ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type turning tool adopts a telescopic transmission pipe, so that the directional supply of the ultralow-temperature medium to the working turning tool during automatic tool changing is realized; the ultralow-temperature medium conveying pipeline penetrates through the center of a main shaft of the ultralow-temperature medium internal spraying type tool turret, a vacuum heat insulation structure is adopted, and heat insulation conveying of media is guaranteed under the condition that the original structure is not affected. The ultralow-temperature medium regulation and control system and the numerical control machine tool are integrated, and stable and controllable pressure and flow in the ultralow-temperature medium conveying process are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of CNC machine tool design, and in particular relates to a CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through a turret-turning tool. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the high service performance requirements of high-end equipment in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments, etc., difficult-to-process alloy materials such as high-temperature alloys and titanium alloys and difficult-to-process polymer materials such as polyimide and polyetheretherketone have gradually become the preferred materials for parts such as shafts, disks, and rings. However, when turning parts of the above materials using conventional cooling methods such as emulsions or low-temperature cold air, the degree of reduction in cutting temperature is limited, which not only causes severe tool wear and poor surface quality of parts processing, but also greatly limits the cutting speed, seriously restricting the processing efficiency. The internal spray cooling method that transports ultra-low temperature media such as liquid nitrogen to the tool tip through the inner cavity channel of the turret-turning tool can directly, accurately, and efficiently cool the cutting area, thereby significantly reducing the cutting temperature, helping to extend the tool life, and improve the processing quality and efficiency of parts. Therefore, realizing internal spray cooling of ultra-low temperature media in the tool during turning is of great significance for high-quality and efficient processing of difficult-to-process parts of materials in key areas.

[0003] Obviously, the ultra-low temperature medium has become one of the key equipment for realizing ultra-low temperature internal spray cooling turning processing through the CNC lathe with the turret-turning tool. However, under the premise of ensuring that the conventional functions of the CNC lathe do not affect the stable operation of the machine tool, it is extremely difficult to effectively integrate the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling function with the lathe structure. For example, how to integrate the ultra-low temperature medium transmission channel in the compact internal space of the lathe turret and ensure its good thermal insulation and sealing performance; how to realize the directional supply of ultra-low temperature medium in the turret to the working turning tool, and at the same time have the automatic tool changing function. In addition, in view of the diversity of material properties and dimensional accuracy requirements of the processed parts, the flow rate and pressure of the ultra-low temperature cooling medium need to be adjustable, so it is very necessary to reasonably arrange the ultra-low temperature medium transmission and control system in the lathe space.

[0004] At present, domestic and foreign institutions have invented several structural forms for low-temperature medium cooling during CNC turning. In 2012, Meige Industrial Automation System Co., Ltd. disclosed "a tool turret for machining workpieces and a machining system with such a tool turret" in its invention patent 201280006086.8. A low-temperature medium delivery pipeline was designed inside the side of the tool turret. The pipeline was connected to the hydraulic cylinder to achieve axial movement. At the same time, a delivery channel was machined inside each turning tool and the corresponding position of the tool holder where it was installed. The delivery pipeline and the delivery channel are connected when the machining system is working, so that the low-temperature medium can be provided to the working turning tool while the tool is changed. However, the machining system needs to process the delivery channel for the tool holder corresponding to each tool position, and it needs to ensure that the delivery pipeline and the delivery channel have a high degree of coaxiality after the tool change, so as to achieve the sealing of the low-temperature medium. Not only is the process complicated and difficult, but the low-temperature medium is directly derived from the thermal insulation storage device, and the flow and pressure have not been effectively adjusted, so the stable and controllable performance of the low-temperature medium jet cannot be guaranteed. In 2012, Meige Industrial Automation Systems Co., Ltd. disclosed the "Method and Machine Tool for Cutting Metal Workpieces" in its invention patent 201280033659.6. Through an axially movable tool holder, a low-temperature medium transmission tube is inserted from the tail end of the tool into the interior of the tool, and then connected to the tool inner cavity channel to achieve low-temperature cooling of the blade. However, after each switch of the working tool, the low-temperature medium transmission tube needs to be accurately inserted into the through hole at the end of the tool, which puts extremely high requirements on positioning accuracy and reliability, and increases the complexity of the structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art or the need for improvement, the present invention proposes a CNC lathe that uses ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling between the turret and the turning tool, which overcomes the technical difficulties of heat insulation transmission and dynamic sealing of ultra-low temperature medium in the confined space of the lathe turret, directional supply of ultra-low temperature medium to the working turning tool, taking into account the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying between the turret and the turning tool and the automatic tool changing function, and controllable transmission of ultra-low temperature medium.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] A CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through a turret-turning tool, mainly composed of a slant bed lathe main machine, an ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system, an ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret and an ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool;

[0008] When assembling the main machine of the inclined bed lathe, first, install the tailstock 1.2 on the bed base 1.1, and then fix the two first Z-axis guide rails 1.3 on the bed base 1.1; install the four first Z-axis sliders 1.4 on the lower surface of the tailstock 1.2, and then make the first Z-axis sliders 1.4 slide and cooperate with the first Z-axis guide rails 1.3, and its power comes from the transmission of the first Z-axis motor 1.5 and the first Z-axis lead screw 1.6; push the rear center 1.7 into the tailstock 1.2 and fix it with a nut locking method to support the workpiece during the processing; fix the two second Z-axis guide rails 1.8 on the bed base 1.1; install the four second Z-axis sliders 1.9 Installed on the lower surface of the slide saddle 1.10, and then make the second Z-axis slider 1.9 slide with the second Z-axis guide rail 1.8, and its power comes from the second Z-axis motor 1.11 and the second Z-axis lead screw 1.12; two X-axis guide rails 1.13 are fixed on the upper surface of the slide saddle 1.10, and four X-axis sliders 1.14 are installed on the lower surface of the inclined plate 1.15, and then make the X-axis slider 1.14 slide with the X-axis guide rail 1.13, and its power comes from the transmission of the X-axis motor 1.16 and the X-axis lead screw 1.17; fix the turret seat 3.7 on the inclined plate 1.15 by bolts, and then install the chip removal device 1.18 on the right side of the machine tool to recover chips;

[0009] When assembling the ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system, first, place the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 at the left rear of the machine tool, then connect the liquid outlet valve 2.2 on the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 to the first vacuum hose 2.4 through the first nut 2.3, and the first vacuum hose 2.4 is connected to the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 by means of the second nut 2.5; then, connect the pressure reducing valve 2.7, the flow meter 2.8, the safety valve 2.9, the regulating valve 2.10, the temperature sensor 2.11 and the pressure sensor 2.12 in sequence by means of thread and flange connection, and wrap the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 with polyurethane foam. The stainless steel hard tube 2.6 is connected to the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 through the third nut 2.14, and then the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 is connected to the second vacuum hose 2.17 through the fourth nut 2.16; finally, the stainless steel hard tube 2.6 and the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 are fixed to the machine tool protection panel 2.21 by using a plurality of fastening hoops 2.13; in addition, the valve actuator 2.18 of the regulating valve 2.10 is reinforced on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 through the bracket 2.19, and the data acquisition transmission module 2.20 is fixed to the machine tool protection panel 2.21;

[0010] When assembling the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret, first fix the cutter disc 3.1 to the first curved gear clutch 3.2 through 8 first hexagon socket bolts 3.3; then fix the main shaft 3.5 to the cutter disc 3.1 with the help of 8 second hexagon socket bolts 3.4; then install the piston 3.6 in the turret seat 3.7; then first fix the second curved gear clutch 3.8 to the clutch connecting plate 3.10 through 8 third hexagon socket bolts 3.9, and then connect the clutch connecting plate 3.10 to the turret seat 3.7 through 8 fourth hexagon socket bolts 3.11; install the first oil seal 3.12 On the spindle 3.5, the side of the first oil seal 3.12 is in contact with the first plane 3.a on the spindle 3.5; push the spindle 3.5 into the turret seat 3.7 from the piston center hole 3.b on the piston 3.6; then install the second oil seal 3.13 on the spindle 3.5, and make sure that the side of the second oil seal 3.13 is in contact with the second plane 3.c on the piston 3.6, and then tighten it with the locking nut 3.14; install the spindle gear 3.15 on the spindle 3.5, and the side of the spindle gear 3.15 is in contact with the first positioning surface 3.d on the spindle 3.5, and then tighten it with the locking ring 3.16 is held tightly and fixed by the first bolt 3.17; then the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is installed in the turret seat 3.7, so that the gear shaft 3.19 in the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is meshed with the spindle gear 3.15, and its power comes from the hydraulic motor 3.20; then the junction box 3.21 is fixed to the turret seat 3.7; the induction block 3.22 is installed on the spindle 3.5 by threading until the side of the induction block 3.22 abuts against the second positioning surface 3.e; then the junction box cover 3.23 is fixed to the junction box 3.21; then the second vacuum tube 3 .24 is pushed into the main shaft 3.5 from the central hole 3.f of the junction box cover 3.23. At this time, the first convex ring 3.g and the second convex ring 3.h located at the front and rear sections of the second vacuum tube 3.24 are slightly transitionally matched with the inner wall of the main shaft 3.5, ensuring that the main shaft 3.5 can both firmly support the second vacuum tube 3.24 and not hinder the independent movement of the two. Then, the second vacuum tube 3.24 is fixed to the junction box cover 3.23 by means of bolts. Finally, the distribution block 3.25 is connected to the second vacuum tube 3.21 through the first copper joint 3.26.

[0011] When assembling the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool, first, the knife pad 4.3 and the blade 4.2 are fixed on the third plane 4.a on the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence by means of bolts; the jet head 4.1 is installed on the fourth plane 4.b on the turning tool body 4.4 by means of bolts, and at this time, the first jet port 4.c located on the jet head 4.1 and the second jet port 4.d located on the third plane 4.a on the turning tool body 4.4 are both aligned with the tip 4.e on the blade 4.2; the low temperature resistant spring 4.5, the transmission tube 4.6, and the ultra-low temperature sealing ring 4.7 are installed in the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence, and fixed with a retaining spring 4.8;

[0012] When the ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system is connected to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret, the second vacuum hose 2.17 is connected to the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 by means of the second copper joint 3.27;

[0013] When the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool is connected to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret, taking the connection of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.28 No. 1 as an example, the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.28 No. 1 is inserted into the tool position slot 3.m on the cutter disc 3.1, and the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 is pushed into the tool position slot 3.m on the cutter disc 3.1, and the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 is fastened to the cutter disc 3.1 with two fifth hexagon socket bolts 3.31;

[0014] When the tool is changed by the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe of the turret-turning tool, when the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool 3.28 No. 1 is automatically switched to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool 3.29 No. 2, the spindle 3.5 drives the cutter disc 3.1 to rotate, and the second vacuum hard tube 3.24 and the distribution block 3.25 do not rotate; the transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool 3.28 No. 1 is gradually separated from the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low temperature resistant spring 4.5 recovers its original length from the compressed state; the transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool 3.29 No. 2 is gradually fitted with the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low temperature resistant spring 4.5 changes from the original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission tube 4.6 is pressed against the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25 to prevent leakage of the ultra-low temperature medium;

[0015] When the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe is processed by the turret-turning tool, the ultra-low temperature medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1, passes through the first vacuum hose 2.4, the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6, the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15, the second vacuum hose 2.17, the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24, the distribution block 3.25, the transmission pipe 4.6, and the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence, and finally is ejected from the first jet port 4.c and the second jet port 4.d, so as to cool the tip 4.e of the blade 4.2;

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through the independent design of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret and the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool, a cooling method in which the ultra-low temperature medium is transported to the tool tip through the inner cavity channel of the turret-tool, solving the problem of integrating the liquid nitrogen internal spraying cooling function with the conventional lathe structure; a retractable transmission pipe is adopted at the tail end of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool, which realizes the directional supply of ultra-low temperature medium to the working turning tool during automatic tool change; the ultra-low temperature medium transmission pipeline passes through the spindle center of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret, and adopts a vacuum insulation structure, which ensures the heat-insulated transmission of the medium without affecting the compactness and freedom of movement of the original structure; the integrated integration of the ultra-low temperature medium control system and the CNC machine tool realizes the stable and controllable pressure and flow in the ultra-low temperature medium transmission process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of a CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through the turret-turning tool;

[0018] Figure 2 The right view of the CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through the turret-turning tool;

[0019] Figure 3 The rear view of a CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through the turret-turning tool;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turret;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the left view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool.

[0023] In the figure: 1.1-bed base; 1.2-tailstock; 1.3-first Z-axis guide rail; 1.4-first Z-axis slider; 1.5-first Z-axis motor; 1.6-first Z-axis lead screw; 1.7-rear center; 1.8-second Z-axis guide rail; 1.9-second Z-axis slider; 1.10-saddle; 1.11-second Z-axis motor; 1.12-second Z-axis lead screw; 1.13-X-axis guide rail; 1.14-X-axis slider; 1.15-inclined plate; 1.16-X-axis motor; 1.17-X-axis lead screw; 1.18-chip removal device; 2.1-self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank; 2.2-liquid outlet valve; 2.3-first nut; 2.4-first vacuum hose; 2.5-second nut; 2.6- Stainless steel hard pipe; 2.7-pressure reducing valve; 2.8-flow meter; 2.9-safety valve; 2.10 regulating valve; 2.11-temperature sensor; 2.12-pressure sensor; 2.13-fastening screw hoop; 2.14-third nut; 2.15-first vacuum hard pipe; 2.16-fourth nut; 2.17-second vacuum hose; 2.18-valve actuator; 2.19-bracket; 2.20-data acquisition and transmission module; 2.21-machine tool protection panel; 3.1-tool disc; 3.2-first curved gear clutch; 3.3-first hexagon socket bolt; 3.4-second hexagon socket bolt; 3.5-spindle; 3.6-piston; 3.7-turbine seat; 3.8-second curved gear clutch clutch; 3.9-third hexagon socket bolt; 3.10-clutch connecting plate; 3.11-fourth hexagon socket bolt; 3.12-first oil seal; 3.13-second oil seal; 3.14-locking nut; 3.15-spindle gear; 3.16-clamping ring; 3.17-first bolt; 3.18-power transmission mechanism; 3.19-gear shaft; 3.20-hydraulic motor; 3.21-junction box; 3.22-sensing block; 3.23-junction box cover; 3.24-second vacuum tube; 3.25-distribution block; 3.26-first copper joint; 3.27-second copper joint; 3.28-No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool; 3.29-No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool Turning tool; 3.30-wedge-shaped clamping block; 3.31-fifth hexagon socket bolt; 3.a-first plane; 3.b-piston center hole; 3.c-second plane; 3.d-first positioning surface; 3.e-second positioning surface; 3.f-junction box cover center hole; 3.g-first convex ring; 3.h-second convex ring; 3.k-convex plane; 3.m-tool slot; 4.1-jet head; 4.2-blade; 4.3-tool pad; 4.4-turning tool body; 4.5-low temperature resistant spring; 4.6-transmission tube; 4.7-ultra-low temperature sealing ring; 4.8-circlip; 4.a-third plane; 4.b-fourth plane; 4.c-first jet port; 4.d-second jet port; 4.e-tool tip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0025] In this embodiment, the ultra-low temperature medium is liquid nitrogen, and its lowest temperature is -196°C; the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe has a 45-degree inclined bed, an overall size of 2000 / 1600 / 1700mm, a maximum rotation diameter of 500mm, a maximum turning diameter of 210mm, a maximum X / Z axis stroke of 295 / 750mm, and an X-axis rapid feed speed of 6m / min; the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turret center height is 80mm, the number of tools is 8T, the adjacent tool change and locking time is 0.6s, the farthest tool change and locking time is 1.6s, and the repeatability is 0.003mm; the self-pressurized liquid The nominal volume of the nitrogen tank 2.1 is 175L, and the maximum working pressure is 2.4MPa; the adjustable range of the liquid nitrogen flow of the regulating valve 2.10 is 0-80L / h, and the regulating accuracy is ±1L / h; the adjustable range of the liquid nitrogen pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2.7 is 0.1-1.8MPa, and the regulating accuracy is ±0.1MPa; the set pressure of the safety valve 2.9 is 2.0MPa; the diameter of the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 and the second vacuum hard tube 3.24 is 16mm, and its thermal conductivity is approximately 0; the material of the transmission tube 4.6 is modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and the thermal conductivity is less than 0.15W / (m·K).

[0026] The assembly process of the CNC lathe through the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling of the turret-turning tool is as follows: Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, the first step is to install the tailstock 1.2 on the bed base 1.1, and then fix the two first Z-axis guide rails 1.3 on the bed base 1.1; install the four first Z-axis sliders 1.4 on the lower surface of the tailstock 1.2, and then make the first Z-axis sliders 1.4 slide and cooperate with the first Z-axis guide rails 1.3, and the power comes from the transmission of the first Z-axis motor 1.5 and the first Z-axis lead screw 1.6; push the rear center 1.7 into the tailstock 1.2 and fix it with a nut to support the workpiece during processing; fix the two second Z-axis guide rails 1.8 on the bed base 1.1; install the four second Z-axis sliders 1.9 under the saddle 1.10 The surface, and then make the second Z-axis slider 1.9 slide with the second Z-axis guide rail 1.8, and its power comes from the second Z-axis motor 1.11 and the second Z-axis screw 1.12; fix two X-axis guide rails 1.13 on the upper surface of the slide saddle 1.10, and install four X-axis sliders 1.14 on the lower surface of the inclined plate 1.15, and then make the X-axis slider 1.14 slide with the X-axis guide rail 1.13, and its power comes from the transmission of the X-axis motor 1.16 and the X-axis screw 1.17; fix the turret seat 3.7 to the inclined plate 1.15 by bolts, and then install the chip removal device 1.18 on the right side of the machine tool to recover chips; so far, the assembly of the main machine of the 45-degree inclined bed lathe is completed;

[0027] In the second step, the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is placed at the left rear of the machine tool, and then the liquid outlet valve 2.2 on the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is connected to the first vacuum hose 2.4 through the first nut 2.3, and the first vacuum hose 2.4 is connected to the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 by means of the second nut 2.5; then, the pressure reducing valve 2.7, the flow meter 2.8, the safety valve 2.9, the regulating valve 2.10, the temperature sensor 2.11 and the pressure sensor 2.12 are connected in sequence by means of thread and flange connection, and the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is wrapped with polyurethane foam for heat insulation treatment; the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is connected through the third The nut 2.14 is connected to the first vacuum hard tube 2.15, and then the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 is connected to the second vacuum hose 2.17 through the fourth nut 2.16; finally, the stainless steel hard tube 2.6 and the first vacuum hard tube 2.15 are fixed to the machine tool protection panel 2.21 by using a plurality of fastening screw hoops 2.13; in addition, the valve actuator 2.18 of the regulating valve 2.10 is reinforced on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 through the bracket 2.19, and the data acquisition transmission module 2.20 is fixed on the machine tool protection panel 2.21; at this point, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium insulation transmission control system is completed;

[0028] The third step is to fix the cutter disc 3.1 to the first crankshaft clutch 3.2 through eight first hexagon socket bolts 3.3; then fix the main shaft 3.5 to the cutter disc 3.1 with the help of eight second hexagon socket bolts 3.4; then install the piston 3.6 in the turret seat 3.7; then first fix the second crankshaft clutch 3.8 to the clutch connecting plate 3.10 through eight third hexagon socket bolts 3.9, and then connect the clutch connecting plate 3.10 to the turret seat 3.7 through eight fourth hexagon socket bolts 3.11; install the first oil seal 3.12 on the main shaft 3.5. At this time, the first oil seal 3. The side of 12 is in contact with the first plane 3.a on the spindle 3.5; push the spindle 3.5 into the turret seat 3.7 from the piston center hole 3.b on the piston 3.6; then install the second oil seal 3.13 on the spindle 3.5, and make sure that the side of the second oil seal 3.13 is in contact with the second plane 3.c on the piston 3.6, and then tighten it with the locking nut 3.14; install the spindle gear 3.15 on the spindle 3.5, at this time, the side of the spindle gear 3.15 is in contact with the first positioning surface 3.d on the spindle 3.5, and then tighten it with the clamping ring 3.16, and pass the first bolt 3.1 7; then install the power transmission mechanism 3.18 in the turret seat 3.7, so that the gear shaft 3.19 in the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is meshed with the spindle gear 3.15, and its power comes from the hydraulic motor 3.20; then fix the junction box 3.21 to the turret seat 3.7; install the induction block 3.22 on the spindle 3.5 through the threaded form until the side of the induction block 3.22 abuts against the second positioning surface 3.e; then fix the junction box cover 3.23 to the junction box 3.21; then remove the second vacuum tube 3.24 from the junction box cover on the junction box cover 3.23 The center hole 3.f is pushed into the interior of the spindle 3.5. At this time, the first convex ring 3.g and the second convex ring 3.h located at the front and rear sections of the second vacuum tube 3.24 are slightly transitionally matched with the inner wall of the spindle 3.5, ensuring that the spindle 3.5 can both firmly support the second vacuum tube 3.24 and not hinder the independent movement of the two. Then, the second vacuum tube 3.24 is fixed to the junction box cover 3.23 by means of bolts. Finally, the distribution block 3.25 is connected to the second vacuum tube 3.21 through the first copper joint 3.26. At this point, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret is completed.

[0029] Step 4: Fix the knife pad 4.3 and the blade 4.2 on the third plane 4.a of the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence by means of bolts; install the jet head 4.1 on the fourth plane 4.b of the turning tool body 4.4 by means of bolts, at which time the first jet port 4.c on the jet head 4.1 and the second jet port 4.d on the third plane 4.a of the turning tool body 4.4 are both aligned with the tip 4.e of the blade 4.2; install the low temperature resistant spring 4.5, the transmission tube 4.6 and the ultra-low temperature sealing ring 4.7 in the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence and fix them with the retaining spring 4.8; thus, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool is completed;

[0030] Step 5: Connect the second vacuum hose 2.17 to the second vacuum hard tube 3.24 by means of the second copper joint 3.27; thus, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system and the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret is completed;

[0031] Step 6: Insert the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.28 into the tool position slot 3.m on the cutter disc 3.1, push the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 into the tool position slot 3.m on the cutter disc 3.1, and fasten the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 to the cutter disc 3.1 with two fifth hexagon socket bolts 3.31; thus, the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool and the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret are assembled;

[0032] When the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.28 is automatically switched to the No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.29, the spindle 3.5 drives the cutter disc 3.1 to rotate, and the second vacuum hard tube 3.24 and the distribution block 3.25 do not rotate; the transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.28 is gradually separated from the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low temperature resistant spring 4.5 recovers its original length from the compressed state; the transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool 3.29 is gradually fitted with the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low temperature resistant spring 4.5 changes from the original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission tube 4.6 is pressed against the raised plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25 to prevent leakage of the ultra-low temperature medium;

[0033] During processing, the ultra-low temperature medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1, passes through the first vacuum hose 2.4, the stainless steel hard tube 2.6, the first vacuum hard tube 2.15, the second vacuum hose 2.17, the second vacuum hard tube 3.24, the distribution block 3.25, the transmission tube 4.6, and the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence, and finally is ejected from the first jet port 4.c and the second jet port 4.d to the tip 4.e of the blade 4.2. The appropriate flow rate is usually 40 to 50 L / h, and the temperature is less than -180°C, after which processing can begin.

[0034] The present invention adopts the cooling concept of transporting ultra-low temperature medium to the tool tip through the inner cavity channel of the turret-tool, thereby realizing high-efficiency, point-to-point strong cooling of the cutting area during the turning process; relying on the design of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret and turning tool, it ensures the directional transmission of the ultra-low temperature medium to the working tool position and the turning tool and its consideration with the automatic tool changing function; the CNC lathe is effectively integrated with the transmission and control of ultra-low temperature medium, which broadens the types of difficult-to-process materials that can be ultra-low temperature processed, and realizes the demand for precise and controllable cooling amount for different parts processing. The lathe design is a beneficial attempt at innovation of high-end special-function machine tools.

[0035] Obviously, the embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Therefore, based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A CNC lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling through a turret-turning tool, characterized in that: The ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe mainly consists of an inclined bed lathe main machine, an ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system, an ultra-low temperature medium internal spray tool turret and an ultra-low temperature medium internal spray tool. The main machine of the inclined bed lathe is assembled as follows: the tailstock (1.2) is mounted on the bed base (1.1), and then two first Z-axis guide rails (1.3) are fixed on the bed base (1.1); four first Z-axis sliders (1.4) are mounted on the lower surface of the tailstock (1.2), and the first Z-axis sliders (1.4) and the first Z-axis guide rails (1.3) are slidably matched, and the power is derived from the transmission of the first Z-axis motor (1.5) and the first Z-axis lead screw (1.6); the rear center (1.7) is pushed into the tailstock (1.2) and fixed by a nut locking method, so as to support the workpiece during the processing; two second Z-axis guide rails (1.8) are fixed on the bed base (1.1); four second Z-axis sliders (1.9) are mounted On the lower surface of the slide saddle (1.10), the second Z-axis slider (1.9) is slidably matched with the second Z-axis guide rail (1.8), and its power comes from the second Z-axis motor (1.11) and the second Z-axis lead screw (1.12); two X-axis guide rails (1.13) are fixed on the upper surface of the slide saddle (1.10), and four X-axis sliders (1.14) are installed on the lower surface of the inclined plate (1.15), and the X-axis sliders (1.14) are slidably matched with the X-axis guide rails (1.13), and its power comes from the transmission of the X-axis motor (1.16) and the X-axis lead screw (1.17); the turret seat (3.7) is fixed to the inclined plate (1.15) by bolts, and then the chip removal device (1.18) is installed on the right side of the machine tool for recovering chips; The ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system is assembled as follows: a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank (2.1) is placed at the left rear of a machine tool, a liquid outlet valve (2.2) on the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank (2.1) is connected to one end of a first vacuum hose (2.4) through a first nut (2.3), and the other end of the first vacuum hose (2.4) is connected to one end of a stainless steel hard pipe (2.6) through a second nut (2.5); a pressure reducing valve (2.7), a flow meter (2.8), a safety valve (2.9), a regulating valve (2.10), a temperature sensor (2.11) and a pressure sensor (2.12) are sequentially connected to the stainless steel hard pipe (2.6) in the form of threaded and flanged connection, and the stainless steel hard pipe (2.6) is connected to the pressure reducing valve (2.7), a flow meter (2.8), a safety valve (2.9), a regulating valve (2.10), a temperature sensor (2.11) and a pressure sensor (2.12) in sequence ...; and the stainless steel hard pipe (2.6) is connected to the pressure reducing valve (2.7), a flow meter (2.8), a safety valve (2.9), a regulating valve (2.10), a temperature sensor (2.11) and a pressure sensor (2.12) in sequence. ) is wrapped with polyurethane foam for heat insulation; the other end of the stainless steel hard tube (2.6) is connected to the first vacuum hard tube (2.15) through the third nut (2.14), and the first vacuum hard tube (2.15) is connected to the second vacuum hose (2.17) through the fourth nut (2.16); the stainless steel hard tube (2.6) and the first vacuum hard tube (2.15) are fixed to the machine tool protection panel (2.21) by using a plurality of fastening hoops (2.13); the valve actuator (2.18) of the regulating valve (2.10) is reinforced on the machine tool protection panel (2.21) through a bracket (2.19), and the data acquisition and transmission module (2.20) is fixed to the machine tool protection panel (2.21); The assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret is as follows: the cutter disc (3.1) is fixed to the first curved gear clutch (3.2) by a first inner hexagonal bolt (3.3); the main shaft (3.5) is fixed to the cutter disc (3.1) by a second inner hexagonal bolt (3.4); the piston (3.6) is installed in the turret seat (3.7); the second curved gear clutch (3.8) is fixed to the clutch connecting plate (3.10) by a third inner hexagonal bolt (3.9); and the clutch connecting plate (3.10) is connected to the turret seat (3.7) by a fourth inner hexagonal bolt (3.11); Install the first oil seal (3.12) on the spindle (3.5), at which point the side of the first oil seal (3.12) is in contact with the first plane (3.a) on the spindle (3.5); push the spindle (3.5) into the turret seat (3.7) from the piston center hole (3.b) on the piston (3.6); install the second oil seal (3.13) on the spindle (3.5), and ensure that the side of the second oil seal (3.13) is in contact with the second plane (3.c) on the piston (3.6), and then lock it with the locking nut (3.14); install the spindle gear (3.15) on the spindle (3.5), at which point the side of the spindle gear (3.15) is in contact with the second plane (3.c) on the spindle (3.5). The first and second locating surfaces (3.d) are fitted, tightened with a clamping ring (3.16), and fixed by a first bolt (3.17); a power transmission mechanism (3.18) is installed in the turret seat (3.7), so that the gear shaft (3.19) in the power transmission mechanism (3.18) is meshed with the main shaft gear (3.15), and its power comes from the hydraulic motor (3.20); a terminal box (3.21) is fixed to the turret seat (3.7); a sensor block (3.22) is installed on the main shaft (3.5) by threading until the side of the sensor block (3.22) abuts against the second locating surface (3.e); a terminal box cover (3.23) is fixed to the terminal box (3.21); The second vacuum tube (3.24) is pushed into the interior of the main shaft (3.5) from the central hole (3.f) of the junction box cover (3.23). At this time, the first convex ring (3.g) and the second convex ring (3.h) located at the front and rear sections of the second vacuum tube (3.24) are in transitional fit with the inner wall of the main shaft (3.5), ensuring that the main shaft (3.5) can both stably support the second vacuum tube (3.24) and not hinder the independent movement of the two. The second vacuum tube (3.24) is fixed to the junction box cover (3.23) by bolts; the distribution block (3.25) is connected to the protruding end of the second vacuum tube (3.24) by the first copper joint (3.26); The assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool is as follows: the knife pad (4.3) and the blade (4.2) are fixed on the third plane (4.a) on the turning tool body (4.4) in sequence by means of bolts; the jet head (4.1) is installed on the fourth plane (4.b) on the turning tool body (4.4) by means of bolts, and at this time, the first jet port (4.c) located on the jet head (4.1) and the second jet port (4.d) located on the third plane (4.a) on the turning tool body (4.4) are both aligned with the tip (4.e) on the blade (4.2); the low temperature resistant spring (4.5), the transmission tube (4.6), and the ultra-low temperature sealing ring (4.7) are installed in the turning tool body (4.4) in sequence, and fixed with a retaining ring (4.8); When the ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system is connected to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret, the second vacuum hose (2.17) is connected to the second vacuum hard pipe (3.24) through the second copper joint (3.27); When the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool is connected to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turret, taking the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool (3.28) as an example, the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool (3.28) is inserted into the tool position groove (3.m) on the tool disc (3.1), and at the same time, the wedge-shaped clamping block (3.30) is pushed into the tool position groove (3.m) on the tool disc (3.1), and the wedge-shaped clamping block (3.30) is fastened to the tool disc (3.1) with two fifth hexagon socket bolts (3.31); When the tool is changed by the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe of the turret-turning tool, when the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool (3.28) No. 1 is automatically switched to the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool (3.29) No. 2, the spindle (3.5) drives the tool disc (3.1) to rotate, and the second vacuum hard pipe (3.24) and the distribution block (3.25) do not rotate; the transmission pipe (4.6) at the tail of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool (3.28) No. 1 and the circumference of the distribution block (3.25) The raised plane (3.k) on the distribution block (3.25) gradually separates, and the low-temperature resistant spring (4.5) recovers its original length from the compressed state; the transmission pipe (4.6) at the tail of the No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool (3.29) gradually fits with the raised plane (3.k) on the circumference of the distribution block (3.25), and the low-temperature resistant spring (4.5) changes from the original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission pipe (4.6) and the raised plane (3.k) on the circumference of the distribution block (3.25) are pressed tightly to prevent leakage of the ultra-low temperature medium; When the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe is used for machining through the turret-turning tool, the ultra-low temperature medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank (2.1), passes through the first vacuum hose (2.4), the stainless steel hard pipe (2.6), the first vacuum hard pipe (2.15), the second vacuum hose (2.17), the second vacuum hard pipe (3.24), the distribution block (3.25), the transmission pipe (4.6) and the turning tool body (4.4) in sequence, and finally is ejected from the first jet port (4.c) and the second jet port (4.d), so as to cool the tip (4.e) of the blade (4.2).

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