Building basement caisson construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a caisson construction method for a building basement. The caisson construction method comprises the steps that a prefabricated basement and a construction temporary supporting structure are placed above a basement area to be constructed; soil excavation is conducted on the basement area to be constructed, and excavated soil is output outwards; in the excavation process, soil below vertical stress components and peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and the construction temporary supporting structure is excavated step by step in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and the construction temporary supporting structure sink synchronously; and when the basement and the construction temporary supporting structure sink to the preset depth, the prefabricated vertical stress component in the basement is connected with a foundation or a pile foundation, a bottom plate is poured, and building basement construction is completed. According to the construction method of the building basement caisson, the stability of the overall structure can be kept all the time on the basis that fewer building materials are adopted, and therefore the construction method is more efficient, safer and lower in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building engineering basement construction, and more specifically to a building basement caisson construction method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of basement construction, with the continuous development and utilization of urban underground space, the scale of foundation pit projects is getting larger and more complex. In order to ensure the safety of foundation pit construction and improve the efficiency of construction, the requirements for the stability of foundation pit support structures and the safety of construction plans are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0003] The existing reinforced concrete foundation pit support structure and basement construction methods have problems such as long construction period, high material consumption, and poor stability. Especially in the process of excavating the basement of urban high-rise buildings, there is a problem of limited excavation support space. Usually, the retaining wall is constructed first, and the basement exterior wall is constructed after the excavation is completed. This double-wall model has the problem of material waste. Therefore, the development of a more efficient, safe and lower-cost basement construction method has become an urgent need in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a construction method for a building basement caisson, which can always maintain the stability of the overall structure on the basis of using fewer building materials, and is therefore more efficient, safer and less costly.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for constructing a building basement caisson, comprising:

[0006] Place the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed;

[0007] Excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and exporting the excavated soil;

[0008] During the excavation process, the soil under the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure is gradually removed in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure are sunk synchronously;

[0009] When the basement and the temporary construction support structure sink to a preset depth, the vertical load-bearing components in the prefabricated basement are connected to the foundation or pile foundation, and the bottom plate is poured to complete the construction of the building basement.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, before placing the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, it also includes:

[0011] Carry out pile foundation construction;

[0012] A guide beam for auxiliary positioning of sinking verticality is manufactured at a peripheral position adjacent to the basement area to be constructed.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned construction method for a building basement caisson, after manufacturing the guide beam, the method further comprises:

[0014] A foundation pit reinforcement component is manufactured on a side of the guide beam away from the basement area to be constructed.

[0015] Preferably, in the above-mentioned construction method for a building basement caisson, excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed and outputting the excavated soil to the outside comprises:

[0016] The excavator located in the prefabricated basement is used to excavate the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and the tower crane is used to take out the excavated soil from the through hole opened on the top of the prefabricated basement.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, before placing the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, it also includes:

[0018] prefabricating said prefabricated basement;

[0019] The prefabricated basement comprises:

[0020] Vertical force-bearing members, wherein every four of the vertical force-bearing members form a vertical support unit;

[0021] A horizontal force-bearing member is fixed to the top of the vertical force-bearing member, and the tops of the adjacent vertical force-bearing members in the vertical support unit are connected together transversely by the horizontal force-bearing member to form a transverse support unit;

[0022] A peripheral blocking member surrounds the outer side of the prefabricated basement;

[0023] A horizontal panel is fixed on the lateral support unit, wherein at least one of the horizontal panels is provided with a through hole for taking soil;

[0024] The vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components both extend downward by a preset distance from the plane where the bottommost layer of transverse supporting units is located.

[0025] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, the tops of at least one group of non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members in the vertical support unit are horizontally connected together using diagonal horizontal members.

[0026] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, at least one group of two mutually parallel horizontal force-bearing members in the lateral support unit are also connected together by a reinforced horizontal member.

[0027] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, the intersection of the diagonal horizontal member and the reinforced horizontal member is fixed by means of an annular connector, wherein a plurality of joint pipes are fixed to the outer periphery of the annular connector, and the diagonal horizontal member and / or the reinforced horizontal member are both inserted into a joint pipe at a corresponding position and tightened to fix the diagonal horizontal member and / or the reinforced horizontal member to the annular connector.

[0028] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, the temporary construction support structure includes a diagonal bracing member, and two non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members in at least one of the vertical support units are fixed by means of the diagonal bracing member, wherein the first end of the diagonal bracing member is fixed to the bottom end of one vertical force-bearing member, and the second end is fixed to the top end of the other vertical force-bearing member.

[0029] Preferably, in the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, the vertical force-bearing members are rectangular steel tubes, round steel tubes or steel tubes with concrete poured inside, the horizontal force-bearing members are rectangular tubes or I-beams, and the outer blocking components are steel tube concrete beam walls, concrete walls or steel plate walls with concrete poured inside.

[0030] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method provided by the present invention includes first placing a prefabricated basement and a temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, then excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and outputting the excavated soil to the outside. During the excavation process, the soil under the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure is gradually excavated in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure sink synchronously. Finally, when the basement and the temporary construction support structure sink to a preset depth, the prefabricated underground The vertical load-bearing components in the room are connected to the foundation or pile foundation, and the bottom plate is poured to complete the construction of the building basement. It can be seen that this plan adopts a new basement construction method. The basement structure is pre-made. In the process of gradually excavating the soil, this prefabricated basement structure is moved down synchronously, and can also serve as the retaining support structure of the foundation pit, which can ensure the strength of the structure in real time. Moreover, the outer blocking components of this prefabricated basement can also serve as retaining walls, and there is no need to make retaining walls in advance. Therefore, this plan can maintain the stability of the overall structure at all times while using fewer building materials. Therefore, it is more efficient, safe and cost-effective. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a construction method for a building basement caisson provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a top view of the prefabricated basement;

[0034] Figure 3 This is the main section view of the prefabricated basement;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation process;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a prefabricated basement lowered to a predetermined depth;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram after pouring the basement slab;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of pile foundation construction and foundation pit reinforcement;

[0039] Figure 8 A top view of a supporting member connected by an annular connector;

[0040] Fig. 9 A front cross-sectional view of a support member connected by a ring connector;

[0041] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of the forms that a vertical load-bearing member may take;

[0042] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of the possible forms of horizontal load-bearing members;

[0043] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of possible forms of the peripheral blocking component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The core of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a building basement caisson, which can always maintain the stability of the overall structure on the basis of using fewer building materials, so it is more efficient, safe and has lower cost.

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The implementation example of the construction method of a building basement caisson provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a construction method for a building basement caisson provided by the present invention, the method may include the following steps:

[0047] S1: Place the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed;

[0048] It should be noted that, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a top view of the prefabricated basement. Figure 3 This is a main cross-sectional view of a prefabricated basement. The structure of this prefabricated basement 1 can be prefabricated, and the specific structural form can be selected according to actual needs. For example, when the basement to be made has two floors, a two-story basement is prefabricated. When the basement to be made has three floors, a three-story basement is prefabricated, and so on. Take a basement with only two floors as an example. At this time, this prefabricated basement can include an outer blocking component 11 (the basement exterior wall after the basement is made), horizontal load-bearing components 12 on the 1st floor and the negative 1st floor (for example, steel beams), vertical load-bearing components 13 (such as steel columns), support components 14 (including 14a and 14b) and floor slabs 15. After the pre-construction above the ground is completed, a support structure with sufficient rigidity and strength can be formed. This is a prefabricated basement. Figure 2 and Figure 3 A temporary construction support structure 2 (i.e., diagonal bracing) is also shown, and it should be noted that this prefabricated basement can be built directly on the ground in the basement area to be constructed, so there is no need to move it to the basement area to be constructed again after the prefabrication is completed, which makes construction more convenient.

[0049] S2: excavate the soil in the basement area to be constructed and export the excavated soil;

[0050] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3The interior of this prefabricated basement has a large space, and the excavator located in the prefabricated basement can be used to excavate the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and the excavated soil can be taken out from the through hole 16 opened on the top of the prefabricated basement by using a tower crane. In a specific implementation, the excavator can first put the excavated soil into a large iron box or other container until enough soil is loaded into it, and then use the tower crane to lift the iron box upward to the part above the ground, and then put it into a transportation tool including a vehicle above the ground for transfer. As the soil is continuously excavated, the height of the excavator itself will continue to decrease, which will also continuously reduce the height of the basement area to be constructed. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation process. It can be seen that at this time, the bottom of the prefabricated basement has entered a certain depth below the ground. In this case, it is necessary to continue digging to allow the prefabricated basement to continue moving downward.

[0051] S3: During the excavation process, the soil under the vertical load-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and the temporary support structure for construction is gradually removed in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and the temporary support structure for construction sink synchronously;

[0052] It should be noted that in addition to digging out the soil in the exposed parts of the basement area to be constructed, it is also necessary to continuously dig out the soil under the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components, so that the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components can also sink synchronously. During the specific operation, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components at different positions sink nearly synchronously, and the lower end of the temporary support structure should also be dug synchronously to achieve effective support for the structure of the prefabricated basement at all times to avoid instability, and try not to let a part of the prefabricated basement be suspended or tilted. In this way, the prefabricated basement can be synchronously lowered as the height of the basement area to be constructed decreases. During this descent, the peripheral blocking components can ensure that they serve as support for the foundation pit at all times. Such peripheral blocking components can specifically be the outer wall of the basement, which can also serve as a retaining wall. This can not only play a retaining support role, but also serve as a permanent structural force-bearing component of the building.

[0053] S4: When the basement and temporary construction support structure sink to the preset depth, the vertical load-bearing components in the prefabricated basement are connected to the foundation or pile foundation, and the bottom plate is poured to complete the basement construction of the building.

[0054] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated basement lowered to a preset depth. It can be seen that at this time, the steel columns and the outer walls of the basement can contact the pile foundation below (that is, the foundation). It should be noted that the preset depth here is also the design elevation of the basement project. In other words, this is the depth position of the basement to be made. After the position of the basement is adjusted, the vertical load-bearing components and the foundation or pile foundation can be connected together. This ensures that the overall position of the basement will not change in the subsequent process. After the connection is firm, the basement floor, that is, the bottom surface of the basement, can be poured. This completes the entire construction process of the building's basement, and the construction of the ground structure can be carried out later. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram after pouring the basement floor. Generally speaking, urban high-rise buildings can use this method to make basements, but it is not limited to other types of buildings. Basements can also be made in this way.

[0055] It can be seen that the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method has better safety, higher structural bearing capacity, and good anti-deformation and anti-instability capabilities. After the prefabricated basement structure is assembled on the ground, the caisson construction method is adopted, and excavation is carried out while sinking. Compared with the traditional process of first supporting the foundation pit, then excavating, and then constructing the basement structure, it can significantly shorten the construction period. Moreover, the outer blocking components of this prefabricated basement can also serve as retaining walls, thereby saving materials, lowering the overall construction cost, and making better use of the underground space.

[0056] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that in the embodiment of the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method provided by the present invention, since it includes first placing the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, then excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and outputting the excavated soil to the outside, during the excavation process, the soil under the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure is gradually excavated in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure sink synchronously, and finally when the basement and temporary construction support structure sink to a preset depth, the prefabricated basement in the basement is The vertical load-bearing components are connected to the foundation or pile foundation, and the bottom plate is poured to complete the construction of the building's basement. It can be seen that this plan adopts a new basement construction method. The basement structure is pre-fabricated. In the process of gradually excavating the soil, this prefabricated basement structure is moved down synchronously, and can also serve as the retaining support structure of the foundation pit, which can ensure the strength of the structure in real time. Moreover, the outer blocking components of this prefabricated basement can also serve as retaining walls, and there is no need to make retaining walls in advance. Therefore, this plan can maintain the stability of the overall structure at all times while using fewer building materials. Therefore, it is more efficient, safer and less costly.

[0057] In a specific embodiment of the above-mentioned construction method for a basement caisson, before placing the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, the following steps may also be included:

[0058] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 Schematic diagram of pile foundation construction and foundation pit reinforcement, where the area surrounded by the dotted line is the basement range, and the steps of pile foundation construction can be specifically performed according to actual needs to obtain multiple pile foundations 3;

[0059] A guide beam 4 for auxiliary positioning of the sinking verticality is made in a peripheral position close to the basement area to be constructed. In a specific implementation, the height of the guide beam 4 is generally 1 meter, which can ensure that the guiding effect is good enough. Of course, this can also be set according to actual needs. For example, when the basement is deeper, the height of the guide beam can be set larger accordingly to ensure that the basement will not deflect during the descent process.

[0060] Then, the exterior walls of two or more basements can be constructed on the ground, and the steel beams, steel columns, supporting members, floor slabs and steel columns of the ±0.00 and -1 floors and -2 floors can be constructed. Through holes are reserved in some floor slabs, that is, the holes for taking soil, to form a supporting structure with a certain rigidity. This is the prefabricated basement mentioned above.

[0061] In another specific embodiment of the above-mentioned construction method for a basement caisson, after manufacturing the guide beam, the following steps may also be included:

[0062] Continue to refer Figure 7 A foundation pit reinforcement component 5 is made on the side of the guide beam 4 away from the basement area to be constructed. Specifically, the foundation pit reinforcement component 5 can be in the form of a cement mixing pile, which mainly serves as a water-stop curtain to prevent leakage. The cement mixing pile can be driven around the area where the basement is to be constructed to prevent the occurrence of quicksand problems. It should also be noted that the strength of only this foundation pit reinforcement component 5 is not enough. Therefore, in this solution, the overall structure of the prefabricated basement is used to increase the strength.

[0063] In another specific embodiment of the above-mentioned construction method for a basement caisson, before placing the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed, the following steps may also be included:

[0064] Prefabricated prefabricated basements;

[0065] Continue to refer Figure 2 and Figure 3 , this prefabricated basement can include:

[0066] Vertical force-bearing members 13, wherein every four vertical force-bearing members 13 form a vertical support unit;

[0067] The horizontal force-bearing member 12 is fixed to the top of the vertical force-bearing member 13. The tops of the adjacent vertical force-bearing members 13 in the vertical support unit are connected together horizontally by the horizontal force-bearing member 12 to form a horizontal support unit.

[0068] The peripheral blocking member 11 surrounds the outer side of the prefabricated basement;

[0069] The horizontal panels 15 are fixed on the lateral support units, wherein at least one of the horizontal panels 15 is provided with a through hole 16 for taking soil. It should be noted that generally, the horizontal force-bearing member 12 is provided with bolts, and then the concrete is poured. Such bolts are inserted into the concrete floor slab, so that the horizontal panel 15 is fixed to the lateral support unit. Moreover, for a multi-story basement, generally, at least 2 layers of horizontal panels can be prefabricated to strengthen the rigidity of the support structure.

[0070] The vertical force-bearing components 13 and the peripheral blocking components 11 both extend downward from the plane where the lowest layer of transverse support units is located by a preset distance, and this preset distance is the lowest floor height of the basement.

[0071] For further information, please refer to Figure 2 Based on the above-mentioned specific embodiment, the tops of at least one group of non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members 13 in the vertical support unit can be horizontally connected together using diagonal horizontal members 14a. In specific implementation, the tops of a group of non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members can be horizontally connected together using diagonal horizontal members 14a, such as Figure 2 As shown in the grid 2 in the figure, the connection strength in the horizontal direction can be further improved, and the tops of two groups of non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members 13 can be horizontally connected together using diagonal horizontal members 14a, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown in the grid 3 in the figure, the horizontal connection strength can be further enhanced. This can be selected according to actual needs, and no diagonal horizontal member can be set, such as Figure 2 As shown in the cell 1.

[0072] In a further embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 2 At least one group of two mutually parallel horizontal force-bearing members 12 in the above-mentioned lateral support unit can also be connected together by a reinforcing horizontal member 14b. In a specific implementation, a group of two mutually parallel horizontal force-bearing members 12 in each lateral support unit can be connected by a reinforcing horizontal member 14b, such as Figure 2As shown in the area 4 in the figure, the lateral strength of the corresponding horizontal force-bearing member 12 can be further strengthened. In another specific implementation, the two groups of two parallel horizontal force-bearing members 12 in each lateral support unit can be connected by the reinforced horizontal member 14b, so that the lateral strength in more directions can be further strengthened, so that the overall structural strength of the prefabricated basement structure is higher and the safety during the construction process is better guaranteed.

[0073] Based on the above further embodiment, refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , Figure 8 A top view of a support structure connected by an annular connector. Fig. 9 In order to utilize an annular connector to connect the main cross-sectional view of the supporting member, the intersection of the supporting member 14 (including the diagonal horizontal member 14a and the reinforcing horizontal member 14b) can be fixed by an annular connector 6, wherein a plurality of joint pipes 7 are fixed to the outer periphery of the annular connector 6, and the diagonal horizontal member 14a and / or the reinforcing horizontal member 14b are all inserted into a joint pipe 7 at a corresponding position and tightened to fix the diagonal horizontal member 14a and / or the reinforcing horizontal member 14b to the annular connector 6, which can be specifically tightened by high-strength bolts 8. The number of high-strength bolts 8 used can be one, two or more, which is not limited here. In this way, the corresponding strength can be enhanced in more directions. Of course, this can be selected according to actual needs, and this annular connector can be set in certain parts that require higher strength to connect related components, while this annular connector is not required in certain parts that do not require higher strength, so as to ensure that the overall manufacturing cost is not too high.

[0074] In each embodiment of the above-mentioned building basement caisson construction method, continue to refer to Figure 3 The temporary construction support structure 2 may further include a diagonal bracing member. Two non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members 13 in at least one vertical support unit are fixed by the diagonal bracing member, wherein the first end of the diagonal bracing member is fixed to the bottom end of one vertical force-bearing member 13, and the second end is fixed to the top end of another vertical force-bearing member 13. This can generate a diagonal supporting force, so that the internal force of the overall prefabricated basement structure can be further improved, so that the structure is more solid, such as Figure 3 As shown in the first row of 4 vertical support units and the first and fourth vertical support units shown in the second row, each vertical support unit may include one diagonal support member or two diagonal support members. Of course, this can be selected according to actual needs, and in other positions where high strength is not required, such diagonal support members may not be provided to save manufacturing costs, such as Figure 3 The first and fourth vertical support units of the second row are shown. Fig.10 , Fig.10 The vertical load-bearing member 13 is a cross-sectional view of the form that can be adopted. The vertical load-bearing member 13 can preferably be a rectangular steel tube (form 2), a round steel tube (form 1) or a steel tube with concrete poured inside (form 3). Fig.11 , Fig.11 The cross-sectional view of the forms that the horizontal force-bearing member can adopt is shown in FIG. The horizontal force-bearing member 12 can preferably be a rectangular tube (form 5) or an I-shaped steel (form 4), or a circular tube (form 6). In addition, the supporting member 14 and the temporary supporting structure 2 (diagonal brace) can also adopt these three forms (rectangular tube, I-shaped steel and circular tube). In addition, refer to Fig.12 , Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the form that the peripheral blocking component can take, the above-mentioned peripheral blocking component 11 can preferably be a steel tube concrete beam wall (form 7), a concrete wall (form 8) or a steel plate wall with concrete poured inside (form 9).

[0075] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a building basement caisson, characterized in that: include: Place the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structure above the basement area to be constructed; Excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and exporting the excavated soil; During the excavation process, the soil under the vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components in the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure is gradually removed in batches, so that the prefabricated basement and the temporary construction support structure are sunk synchronously; When the basement and the temporary construction support structure sink to a preset depth, the vertical load-bearing components in the prefabricated basement are connected to the foundation or pile foundation, and the bottom plate is poured to complete the construction of the building basement.

2. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prior to placing the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structures over the basement area to be constructed, it also includes: Carry out pile foundation construction; A guide beam for auxiliary positioning of sinking verticality is manufactured at a peripheral position adjacent to the basement area to be constructed.

3. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 2, characterized in that: After manufacturing the guide beam, the method further comprises: A foundation pit reinforcement component is manufactured on a side of the guide beam away from the basement area to be constructed.

4. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Excavating the soil in the basement area to be constructed and outputting the excavated soil includes: The excavator located in the prefabricated basement is used to excavate the soil in the basement area to be constructed, and the tower crane is used to take out the excavated soil from the through hole opened on the top of the prefabricated basement.

5. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prior to placing the prefabricated basement and temporary construction support structures over the basement area to be constructed, it also includes: prefabricating said prefabricated basement; The prefabricated basement comprises: Vertical force-bearing members, wherein every four of the vertical force-bearing members form a vertical support unit; A horizontal force-bearing member is fixed to the top of the vertical force-bearing member, and the tops of the adjacent vertical force-bearing members in the vertical support unit are connected together transversely by the horizontal force-bearing member to form a transverse support unit; A peripheral blocking member surrounds the outer side of the prefabricated basement; A horizontal panel is fixed on the lateral support unit, wherein at least one of the horizontal panels is provided with a through hole for taking soil; The vertical force-bearing components and the peripheral blocking components both extend downward by a preset distance from the plane where the bottommost layer of transverse supporting units is located.

6. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tops of at least one group of non-adjacent vertical force-bearing components in the vertical support unit are all laterally connected together by using diagonal horizontal components.

7. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least one group of two mutually parallel horizontal force-bearing members in the lateral support unit are also connected together by a reinforcing horizontal member.

8. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intersection of the diagonal horizontal member and the reinforced horizontal member is fixed by means of an annular connector, wherein a plurality of joint pipes are fixed to the outer periphery of the annular connector, and the diagonal horizontal member and / or the reinforced horizontal member are both inserted into a joint pipe at a corresponding position and tightened to fix the diagonal horizontal member and / or the reinforced horizontal member to the annular connector.

9. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The temporary support structure for construction includes a diagonal bracing member, and two non-adjacent vertical force-bearing members in at least one of the vertical support units are fixed by means of the diagonal bracing member, wherein the first end of the diagonal bracing member is fixed to the bottom end of one vertical force-bearing member, and the second end is fixed to the top end of the other vertical force-bearing member.

10. The construction method of a building basement caisson according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The vertical load-bearing members are rectangular steel tubes, round steel tubes or steel tubes with concrete poured inside, the horizontal load-bearing members are rectangular tubes or I-shaped steels, and the outer blocking components are steel tube concrete beam walls, concrete walls or steel plate walls with concrete poured inside.

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