Charging structure for slotting blasting and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a charging structure for underholing blasting and a construction method of the charging structure. The charging structure comprises a detonating device, explosives, a spacer and a blocking object. Wherein the spacer and the explosive are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacer does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive; due to the fact that the wave velocity of the shock wave in the spacer is a fixed value and is far smaller than the wave velocity of the explosive detonation wave, the detonation time between the explosive cartridges can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the spacer, and the explosive cartridges in the charging structure are detonated one by one. According to the cutting blasting charging structure, the delay time between the cartridges can be adjusted, so that a plurality of reflection tensile waves are formed on a tunnel face, damage and throwing of rocks are facilitated, the cutting effect is improved, and the overall blasting effect is improved. In addition, the charging structure is easy and convenient to operate and controllable in cost in practical application, has high social and economic effects and can be used for underground blasting engineering such as tunnels and roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of blasting engineering, and in particular to a charge structure for trench blasting and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The drilling and blasting method is currently mainly used for tunneling and tunneling because of its strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation cost. Underground blasting is different from open-pit blasting. It has only one free surface, so a new free surface must be artificially created by cutting. Among them, wedge-shaped cutting is widely used because of its advantages such as easy to ensure cutting effect and easy construction. However, for tunnels with small cross-sections, the blasting footage is seriously affected because of its space limitations on the cutting angle and depth. Studies have shown that segmented blasting in the cutting hole can make full use of the energy of explosives and achieve better cutting blasting effect.

[0003] In order to improve the utilization rate of blastholes and improve the blasting effect, Chinese patent application No. 201711269836.1 discloses a high-efficiency slot blasting method for deep holes in rock tunnels in stages and sections. This method requires placing two detonators in the blasthole and setting the detonation time of the two detonators to achieve the purpose of delayed blasting in the hole. However, with the gradual elimination of traditional detonating cord detonators and the promotion and application of electronic detonators, the cost of detonators for staged detonation in the hole has increased significantly, seriously limiting its promotion and application. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a charging structure for slot blasting. The charging structure utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives to achieve the purpose of delayed detonation of explosives in the hole without the need for detonators, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the face of the tunnel and bringing the explosives closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of rocks, thereby improving the slotting effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method of a charge structure for trench blasting.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0007] A charging structure for trench blasting, characterized in that it includes detonating equipment, explosives, spacers, and plugging materials; wherein the spacers and the explosives are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacers does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosives; by adjusting the length of the spacers, the detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls in the charging structure can be detonated one by one.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacer may be a PVC tube, the medium in the tube may be air or water, and the diameter of the tube is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detonating device may be a detonator or a detonating cord, which is generally located in the explosive roll at the hole and is used to detonate the explosive.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detonation distance of the explosive is related to the medium in the spacer, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole, the detonation distance of the emulsion explosive in the air is not less than 5 cm, and the detonation distance of the emulsion explosive in the water is not less than 10 cm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the plug is not less than 20 times the hole diameter, and the plugging quality is good, and strong plugging and the like can be adopted.

[0012] A construction method for a trench blasting charge structure comprises the following steps:

[0013] 1) Drill holes on the tunnel face according to the hole pattern parameters designed for blasting;

[0014] 2) sequentially loading the explosive and the spacer into the cut hole, arranging the spacer and the explosive at intervals, and ensuring that the explosive is at the bottom of the hole and the hole mouth;

[0015] 3) Insert the explosive at the hole mouth into the detonating device and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth;

[0016] 4) Place the plug into the cut hole, with a length not less than 20 times the blast hole diameter;

[0017] 5) Connect the detonating wire of the explosive device to the main line of the detonating network.

[0018] The working principle of the charge structure of the present invention is:

[0019] The charging structure of the present invention utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives and the principle that the velocity of the shock wave in the spacer is less than the detonation velocity of the explosives. The detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the spacer, and the explosive rolls in the charging structure can be detonated one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the face of the tunnel. At the same time, the explosives are brought closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of the rock, thereby improving the grooving effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The charge structure provided by the present invention utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of explosives, and can achieve the purpose of delayed detonation of explosives in the hole without the need for detonators, which has the advantage of controllable costs.

[0022] 2. The charge structure provided by the present invention can detonate the explosive cartridges in the charge structure one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the tunnel face, while bringing the explosives closer to the hole mouth, thereby promoting the destruction and throwing of rocks.

[0023] 3. The charge structure provided by the present invention is simple and easy to operate in practical applications, which greatly improves the grooving effect, thereby increasing the blasting cycle footage and further improving the economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the charging structure for trench blasting of the present invention.

[0025] Among them, 1-detonating equipment, 2-explosives, 3-spacers, 4-blocking materials, 5-gun holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a charging structure for trench blasting, characterized in that it comprises a detonating device 1, explosives 2, a spacer 3, and a plugging material 4; wherein the spacer 3 and the explosives 2 are arranged at intervals, and the length of the spacer 3 does not exceed the detonation distance of the explosives 2; by adjusting the length of the spacer 3, the detonation time between the explosive rolls 2 can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls 2 in the charging structure can be detonated one by one.

[0029] See also Figure 1 The spacer 3 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, the diameter is 32 mm, and the length is 5 cm.

[0030] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 1 is selected as a No. 8 detonator, which is located in the explosive 2 roll at the hole and is used to detonate the explosive 2.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The explosive 2 is an emulsion explosive, the detonation distance of which is not less than 5 cm and the diameter is 32 mm.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The plugging material 4 is sand, and its length is not less than 80 cm. A strong plugging method is used to plug the hole to ensure good plugging quality.

[0033] Embodiment 2

[0034] See also Figure 1 A method for constructing a charging structure for trench blasting in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0035] 1) Drill holes on the tunnel face according to the hole pattern parameters designed for blasting;

[0036] 2) sequentially loading the explosive 2 and the spacer 3 into the cut hole 5, so that the spacer 3 and the explosive 2 are arranged at intervals, and ensuring that the explosive 2 is located at the bottom and the hole mouth;

[0037] 3) Insert the explosive 2 at the hole mouth into the detonating device 1, and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth;

[0038] 4) insert the plug 4 into the cut hole 5, the length of which is not less than 20 times the diameter of the blast hole 5;

[0039] 5) Connect the detonating wire of the detonating device 1 to the main line of the detonating network.

[0040] See also Figure 1 , the diameter of the blast hole 5 is 40 mm.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The explosive 2 is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, the diameter of its explosive roll is 32mm, and the detonation velocity is not less than 3200m / s.

[0042] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 1 is an electronic digital detonator.

[0043] See also Figure 1 The spacer 3 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, the diameter is 32 mm, and the length is 5 cm.

[0044] See also Figure 1 The plugging material 4 is soil, with a length of not less than 80 cm, and is packed in a plastic bag with a diameter of 32 mm, which is conducive to rapid plugging; at the same time, a strong plugging method is used to plug the hole to ensure good plugging quality.

[0045] See also Figure 1 The working principle of the charging structure for trench blasting of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0046] The charging structure of the present invention utilizes the sympathetic detonation characteristics of the explosive 2 and the principle that the wave velocity of the shock wave in the spacer 3 is less than the detonation velocity of the explosive 2. By adjusting the length of the spacer 3, the detonation time between the explosive rolls 2 can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls 2 in the charging structure can be detonated one by one, thereby forming a number of reflected tensile waves on the face of the tunnel, and at the same time, the explosive 2 is brought closer to the hole mouth, which is beneficial to the destruction and throwing of the rock, thereby improving the grooving effect and enhancing the overall blasting effect.

[0047] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging structure for slot blasting, characterized in that: It includes detonating equipment, explosives, spacers, and plugging materials; wherein the spacers are arranged at intervals from the explosives, and the length of the spacers does not exceed the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosives; by adjusting the length of the spacers, the detonation time between the explosive rolls can be adjusted, and the explosive rolls in the charge structure can be detonated one by one.

2. A charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium in the spacer is air or water, and the diameter of the spacer is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

3. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonating device is located in the explosive roll at the hole and is used for detonating the explosive.

4. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation distance of the explosive is related to the medium in the spacer, and the diameter of the explosive is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole.

5. The charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the plug is not less than 20 times the pore diameter.

6. A method for constructing a charging structure for trench blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Drill holes on the tunnel face according to the hole pattern parameters in the blasting design; 2) sequentially loading the explosive and the spacer into the cutout hole, so that the spacer and the explosive are arranged at intervals, And make sure that there are explosives at the bottom and mouth of the hole; 3) Insert the explosive at the hole mouth into the detonating device and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth; 4) Place the plug into the cut hole, with a length not less than 20 times the blast hole diameter; 5) Connect the detonating wire of the explosive device to the main line of the detonating network.

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