Charging structure for smooth blasting and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosive charging structure for smooth blasting and a construction method of the explosive charging structure. The explosive charging structure comprises a spacer, a detonating device, an explosive, a blocking object and a fixing device. Wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of a blast hole, and the length of the spacer is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blast hole; the detonating device is located in the hole bottom explosive and used for detonating the explosive; the explosive needs to be split along the axial direction, so that cartridges are distributed along the axial direction of a blast hole as far as possible; the blocking object is located at the hole opening; and the fixing device is used for fixing the explosive, so that smooth explosion propagation between the explosive cartridges can be realized. According to the smooth blasting charging structure, overexcavation of a front blasting overlapping area and a rear blasting overlapping area can be reduced, meanwhile, the axial charging length is prolonged, the purpose that smooth blasting can be conducted through one detonator is achieved, and therefore the overall blasting effect is improved. In addition, the charging structure is easy and convenient to operate and controllable in cost in practical application, has high social and economic effects and can be used for underground blasting engineering such as tunnels and roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of blasting engineering, and in particular to a charge structure for smooth blasting and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Drilling and blasting is generally used for excavation in underground projects because it has strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation costs. However, it is necessary to control over-excavation and under-excavation as much as possible during the construction process. Engineering practice shows that smooth blasting can better control over-excavation and under-excavation, and its parameter design is relatively mature, and it has been widely used in underground projects.

[0003] As we all know, in order to achieve smooth blasting effects, a detonating cord network is required to detonate axially spaced charges. However, with the gradual elimination of detonating cords and the promotion and application of electronic detonators, if the peripheral holes are charged with concentrated charges, the smooth blasting effect is not ideal; if the peripheral holes are charged with segmented charges and detonated with multiple electronic detonators, the cost will increase significantly, which will seriously limit its application in practice. In addition, since the utilization rate of the peripheral blastholes is not 100%, if the traditional bottom charge is used, there will be repeated charging in the overlapping areas of the front and rear blasting, resulting in serious over-excavation in the overlapping areas. In summary, there are still problems with the existing smooth blasting construction process, such as the charging position and charging structure, which need to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a charging structure for smooth blasting, which requires the explosive to be split along the axial direction, and then to be charged continuously or at intervals (the spacing is less than the sympathetic detonation distance), so that the explosive rolls are distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole as much as possible, and at the same time, the purpose of smooth blasting can be achieved using a single detonator. In addition, in order to avoid repeated charging in the overlapping area of ​​the front and rear blasting, a spacer is used to optimize the charging position, thereby reducing the over-excavation of the overlapping area, thereby improving the overall blasting effect.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a smooth blasting charge structure.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0007] A charging structure for smooth blasting, characterized in that it includes a spacer, a detonating device, explosives, a plugging object, and a fixing device; wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of a blasthole, and its length is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blasthole; the detonating device is located in the explosive at the bottom of the hole and is used to detonate the explosive; the explosive needs to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed as much as possible along the axial direction of the blasthole; the plugging object is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device is used to fix the explosive so that the explosive rolls can be detonated smoothly.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium in the spacer can be an inert material, such as air and water, and has a length of about 40 cm and a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detonating device has a relatively high delay time, such as an electronic detonator, to ensure that the explosives in the surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the explosive is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, whose diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole, the sympathetic detonation distance is not less than 5 cm, the detonation velocity is not less than 3200 m / s, and the explosive needs to be split axially when charging, and axial continuous charging or spaced charging (spacing is less than the sympathetic detonation distance) is adopted.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plugging quality of the plug is good and its length is not less than 10 times the pore diameter.

[0012] A construction method for a smooth blasting charge structure comprises the following steps:

[0013] 1) axially splitting the explosive cartridge;

[0014] 2) tying the split medicine rolls to the fixing device;

[0015] 3) Installing the spacer at the bottom of the peripheral hole;

[0016] 4) inserting the detonating device into the explosive at the bottom of the hole;

[0017] 5) Place the fixing equipment with explosives into the surrounding holes and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth;

[0018] 6) inserting the plug into the blast hole, with a length not less than 10 times the blast hole diameter;

[0019] 7) Connect the detonating wire of the detonating equipment to the main line of the detonating network.

[0020] The working principle of the charge structure of the present invention is:

[0021] The charging structure of the present invention adjusts the position of explosives through a spacer to avoid repeated charging in the overlapping area of ​​the front and rear blasting, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area. In addition, the charging structure needs to split the explosives along the axial direction, and then perform continuous charging or interval charging (the spacing is less than the sympathetic detonation distance), so that the explosive rolls are distributed along the axial direction of the blasthole as much as possible, and at the same time, the purpose of smooth blasting can be achieved using one blasting device, thereby improving the overall blasting effect.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The charging structure provided by the present invention optimizes the charging position, avoids repeated charging in the overlapping area of ​​the front and rear blasting, thereby reducing over-excavation in the overlapping area and further reducing the amount of concrete used.

[0024] 2. The charge structure provided by the present invention allows the charge rolls to be distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole as much as possible, and can be detonated with one detonator, thus achieving the purpose of smooth blasting.

[0025] 3. The charge structure provided by the present invention is simple and easy to operate in practical applications, which greatly improves the smooth blasting effect, thereby improving economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the charge structure for smooth blasting of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1-spacer, 2-detonating equipment, 3-explosive, 4-blocking material, 5-fixing equipment, 6-gun hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a charge structure for smooth blasting, characterized in that it comprises a spacer 1, a detonating device 2, explosives 3, a plugging object 4, and a fixing device 5; wherein the spacer 1 is located at the bottom of a blasthole 6, and its length is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blasthole 6; the detonating device 2 is located in the explosives 3 at the bottom of the hole, and is used to detonate the explosives 3; the explosives 3 need to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed axially along the blasthole 6 as much as possible; the plugging object 4 is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device 5 is used to fix the explosives 3 so that the explosive rolls of the explosives 3 can be smoothly transmitted.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The diameter of the blasthole 6 is 40 mm and the length is 400 cm.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The spacer 1 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, and its diameter is 32 mm; since the utilization rate of the blast hole 6 is 90%, and since the length of the spacer = blast hole length * (1-blast hole utilization rate), the length of the spacer 1 is taken as 40 cm.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 2 is an electronic detonator, which has a relatively high delay time, ensuring that the explosives 3 in the surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

[0034] See also Figure 1The explosive 3 is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, with a diameter of 32 mm, a sympathetic detonation distance of not less than 5 cm, and a detonation velocity of not less than 3200 m / s. It needs to be split axially during charging, and axial continuous charging is adopted.

[0035] See also Figure 1 The plug 4 is sand, its length is not less than 40cm, and the plugging quality is good.

[0036] Embodiment 2

[0037] See also Figure 1 A construction method for a smooth blasting charge structure in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0038] 1) axially splitting the explosive 3 roll;

[0039] 2) tying the split medicine roll 3 to the fixing device 5;

[0040] 3) Install the spacer 1 at the bottom of the peripheral hole 6;

[0041] 4) inserting the detonating device 2 into the explosive 3 at the bottom of the hole;

[0042] 5) Install the fixing device 5 with explosives 3 into the peripheral hole 6, and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth;

[0043] 6) inserting the plug 4 into the blast hole 6, the length of which is not less than 10 times the diameter of the blast hole 6;

[0044] 7) Connect the detonating wire of the detonating equipment 2 to the main line of the detonating network.

[0045] See also Figure 1 The diameter of the blast hole 6 is 40 mm.

[0046] See also Figure 1 The spacer 1 is a PVC tube, the medium in the tube is air, the diameter is 32 mm, and the length is 40 cm.

[0047] See also Figure 1 The detonating device 2 is an electronic digital detonator.

[0048] See also Figure 1 The explosive 3 is No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, with a diameter of 32 mm, a detonation distance of not less than 5 cm, and a detonation velocity of not less than 3200 m / s.

[0049] See also Figure 1 The plugging material 4 is soil, its length is not less than 40cm, and the plugging quality is good.

[0050] See also Figure 1The working principle of the charge structure for smooth blasting of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0051] The charging structure of the present invention adjusts the position of the explosive 3 through the spacer 1 to avoid repeated charging in the overlapping area of ​​the front and rear blasting, thereby reducing the over-excavation of the overlapping area. In addition, the charging structure needs to split the explosive 3 along the axial direction, and then carry out continuous charging or interval charging (the spacing is less than the sympathetic detonation distance), so that the explosive roll 3 is distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole 6 as much as possible, and at the same time, the purpose of smooth blasting can be achieved by using a burst of explosives 2, thereby improving the overall blasting effect.

[0052] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging structure for smooth blasting, characterized in that: It includes a spacer, a detonating device, explosives, a plugging object, and a fixing device; wherein the spacer is located at the bottom of the blasthole, and the length of the spacer is calculated according to the utilization rate of the blasthole; the detonating device is located in the explosives at the bottom of the hole and is used to detonate the explosives; the explosives need to be split axially so that the explosive rolls are distributed axially along the blasthole; the plugging object is located at the hole mouth; the fixing device is used to fix the explosives so that the explosive rolls can be detonated smoothly.

2. A charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium in the spacer may be an inert material, and the diameter of the spacer is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasthole.

3. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonating equipment has a high delay accuracy, and the delay error does not exceed 1.5ms, ensuring that the explosives in the surrounding holes can be detonated simultaneously.

4. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive is axially continuously charged or spaced charged. If spaced charged, the spacing is smaller than the sympathetic detonation distance. The diameter of the explosive is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole. The sympathetic detonation distance is not less than 5 cm and the detonation velocity is not less than 3200 m / s.

5. The charge structure for smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the plug is not less than 10 times the pore diameter.

6. A construction method for a smooth blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) axially splitting the explosive cartridge; 2) tying the split medicine rolls to the fixing device; 3) Installing the spacer at the bottom of the peripheral hole; 4) inserting the detonating device into the explosive at the bottom of the hole; 5) Place the fixing equipment with explosives into the surrounding holes and lead the detonating wire to the hole mouth; 6) inserting the plug into the blast hole, with a length not less than 10 times the blast hole diameter; 7) Connect the detonating wire of the detonating equipment to the main line of the detonating network.

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