An in-situ device and method for detecting water body sediments

Abstract

A water body sediment in-situ detection device and method, comprising: a light source for providing the required illumination for measurement; a polarizer for polarization modulation of the illumination light source to produce incident light of the required polarization state incident to the sediment sample; an analyzer corresponding to the polarizer for measuring the polarization state information of the outgoing light of the sediment sample; an imaging system for capturing and recording the polarization state information measured by the analyzer to generate a Mueller matrix image; a data processing module for processing the Mueller matrix image data, calculating the Mueller matrix according to the image data, and analyzing the polarization characteristics of the sediment sample to perform identification analysis on the sediment sample; and an in-situ endoscopic probe comprising a housing with an optical window and a waterproof package. Through the water body in-situ endoscopic measurement scheme, efficient and accurate in-situ measurement of the sediment can be realized, and the real polarization information of the sediment in the natural environment can be obtained, thereby providing reliable data support for water body environment research and sediment analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water body sediment measurement technology, and in particular to a water body sediment in-situ detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] Sediments, as a crucial component of the aquatic environment, contain a wealth of geological and biological information, crucial for studying the evolution of aquatic ecosystems, material cycles, and environmental change. Sediments not only record the physical, chemical, and biological processes of water bodies but also reflect the impacts of global climate change and human activities on the aquatic environment. Particulate matter in sediments, such as organic matter, minerals, and microplastics, directly impacts the survival of aquatic organisms and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, accurately measuring and analyzing the types, concentrations, and stratified distribution of particulate matter in sediments is crucial for a deeper understanding of changes in the aquatic environment and maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] Traditional sediment measurement methods include sampling and analysis, acoustic detection, and geological exploration. These methods have achieved important results in revealing the composition, structure, and sedimentation process of sediments. However, traditional methods often face challenges such as sampling difficulties, limited measurement accuracy, and insufficient spatial coverage. Sediment measurements often require sampling and analysis in the laboratory, which is costly and has a long measurement cycle, and cannot meet the research needs of high temporal and spatial resolution. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, optical measurement methods have received widespread attention due to their advantages such as high resolution and speed. Existing new optical methods such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence require special sample processing and complex measurement operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new in-situ sediment detection methods and devices.

[0004] Polarization imaging measurement technology, currently under development, is widely used in fields such as biomedicine, marine science, and atmospheric remote sensing. Polarization measurement is compatible with traditional optical techniques and requires no special sample preparation. It offers advantages such as being non-invasive, non-destructive, in-situ, capable of generating large amounts of data, and sensitive to microstructure. However, applying polarization imaging technology to in-situ sediment detection still presents numerous challenges, including achieving high-resolution and high-throughput in-situ measurements, accurately acquiring information on the sediment's internal composition and structure, and effectively minimizing disturbances to the sediment caused by underwater measurement operations and sample adhesion, which can affect detection accuracy.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to understand the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology and provide an in-situ detection device and method for water sediment.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An in-situ detection device for water sediments, comprising:

[0009] Light source, used to provide the lighting required for measurement;

[0010] a polarizer, used for performing polarization modulation on the illumination light source to generate incident light of a desired polarization state to be incident on the sediment sample;

[0011] An analyzer, corresponding to the polarizer, for measuring polarization state information of the outgoing light of the sediment sample;

[0012] An imaging system for capturing and recording polarization state information measured by the analyzer to generate a Mueller matrix image;

[0013] A data processing module is used to process Mueller matrix image data, calculate the Mueller matrix based on the image data, and analyze the polarization characteristics of the sediment sample to identify and analyze the sediment sample;

[0014] The in-situ endoscopy probe comprises a shell having an optical window and a waterproof package. The optical window is used for performing in-situ optical measurement of water sediments. The light source, the polarizer, the analyzer, the imaging system and the data processing module are arranged in the shell.

[0015] Further:

[0016] The polarizer includes a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate, and the quarter wave plate is mounted on a rotatable device.

[0017] The polarizer and imaging system consists of a dual-polarization camera module, which includes two polarization cameras and a non-polarization beam splitter prism. The non-polarization beam splitter prism splits the outgoing light into two beams, which are received by two polarization cameras to record the polarization state, and a quarter-wave plate is inserted in one of the optical paths.

[0018] Each pixel on the target surface of the polarization camera is coated with a polarization film with a different linear polarization direction. Adjacent pixels in a 2×2 range form a four-channel superpixel, where each channel corresponds to a polarization modulation, thereby obtaining the corresponding polarization direction component. Two polarization cameras form an eight-channel polarization analyzer system; each superpixel obtains a set of polarization data, and multiple superpixels in parallel form a polarization image.

[0019] The angle between the illumination light path and the receiving light path and the vertical direction is not greater than 30 degrees.

[0020] The outer shell of the in-situ endoscope probe is configured to have a conical structure to reduce resistance in water and minimize disturbance to sediments.

[0021] The housing of the in-situ endoscopic probe is configured to be an oblique cone structure, and the optical window is provided on the inclined surface of the oblique cone structure. Preferably, the incident light passing through the polarizer forms an angle of approximately 15 degrees with the sediment sample to be measured, and the sediment sample as a whole is located in the same imaging end focal plane. The path of the outgoing light received by the analyzer forms an angle of 90 degrees with the surface of the sediment sample. A reflector is provided inside the probe to adjust and guide the light path so that the reflected light is accurately received by the polarization camera.

[0022] The data processing module uses the four-dimensional Stokes vector to characterize the polarization state, records the polarization state generated by the polarizer and the polarization state detected by the analyzer, and then obtains the change matrix of the polarization state vector before and after scattering of the sediment sample, namely the Mueller matrix, through mathematical calculation.

[0023] The data processing module uses a machine learning model to identify and classify the morphology, structure, particle size, and composition of sediment samples, enabling high-throughput, high-resolution analysis of sediment characteristics. The machine learning model is a classification model trained using machine learning methods using a database established by measuring known samples.

[0024] A method for in-situ detection of water body sediments uses the in-situ detection device for water body sediments to perform in-situ detection of water body sediments.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention proposes a method and apparatus for in-situ sediment detection. This method, which eliminates the need for complex sample preparation and enables in-situ measurements of water bodies, can also be performed by placing the sample directly into the system. By measuring the Mueller matrix image of the sample, not only is information about the sample's structure and morphology obtained, but also information about its internal composition can be obtained by analysing differences in the polarization properties of different sediments. This method offers the advantages of high throughput, high resolution, high information dimensionality, and in-situ real-time monitoring, effectively enhancing understanding of sediment properties and environmental changes.

[0027] Furthermore, the oblique conical shell structure design of the in-situ endoscopic probe of the present invention, combined with the setting of the optical window on the inclined surface, the oblique conical structure effectively reduces underwater resistance, while reducing the disturbance of the sediment during the sinking of the probe, ensuring the integrity of the original appearance of the sediment. The optical window is set at an angle to form an angle between the incident light and the sediment sample, effectively preventing the sediment from adhering to the window when the probe sinks and affecting the measurement accuracy; the design of the path of the polarizer receiving the outgoing light is at a 90-degree angle to the surface of the sediment sample, so that the entire sediment sample is in the focal plane of the imaging end. With the help of the reflector to guide the light path, the clarity and consistency of the image are achieved. Combined with the angle between the incident light and the sediment sample, it is beneficial to reduce the systematic error introduced by the illumination arm and the receiving arm, minimize the interference of light from other angles, and ensure the accuracy of the polarization state measurement.

[0028] Other beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ detection device for water sediments according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the optical path of the in-situ detection device for water sediments according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and its application.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, connection can be used for both fixing and coupling or communication.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or an ordered ranking of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second" or "third" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically defined.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 The present application provides a device for in-situ detection of water body sediments, comprising: an LED light source for providing illumination required for measurement; a polarizer for polarization modulation of the illumination light source to produce incident light of a required polarization state to the sediment sample; an analyzer corresponding to the polarizer for measuring the polarization state information of the outgoing light of the sediment sample; an imaging system for capturing and recording the polarization state information measured by the analyzer to generate a Mueller matrix image; a data processing module for processing the Mueller matrix image data, calculating the Mueller matrix according to the image data, and analyzing the polarization characteristics of the sediment sample for identification and analysis of the sediment sample; and an in-situ endoscopic probe comprising a housing with an optical window for in-situ optical measurement of the water body sediments and a waterproof package, wherein the light source, the polarizer, the analyzer, the imaging system and the data processing module are arranged in the housing.

[0037] Sediments are usually composed of various mineral crystals such as calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, etc., and different crystals have obvious distinguishability in polarization. The device for in-situ detection of water body sediments of the present application can obtain a Mueller matrix for characterizing the polarization characteristics of the sample, and further extract the microstructure information of the medium through the Mueller matrix. The present application obtains information such as the morphology, structure, particle size, internal composition and layered distribution of the sediment by measuring the Mueller matrix image of the sediment in-situ, which can provide a beneficial technical tool for research on the deposition process of water body substances and monitoring of aquatic ecological environment.

[0038] In some embodiments, the in-situ endoscopic probe can transmit the data collected in real time to a data processing system on a water platform or a ship through an optical fiber or wireless communication technology, for further analysis and processing. The probe is also equipped with a storage device inside.

[0039] Referring to Figure 3 In some embodiments, the polarizer comprises a linear polarizer P1 and a quarter-wave plate R1, and the quarter-wave plate is mounted on a rotatable device. A first lens L1 is used for collimating the light emitted by the LED light source.

[0040] Referring to Figure 3In a preferred embodiment, the analyzer and imaging system comprises a dual-polarization camera module, which includes two polarization cameras, DoFP1 and DoFP2, and a non-polarization beam splitter. The non-polarization beam splitter splits the outgoing light into two equal beams, which are received by the two polarization cameras, DoFP1 and DoFP2, respectively, to record the polarization state. A quarter-wave plate R2 is inserted into one of the optical paths. A first lens L2 is positioned before the non-polarization beam splitter to shape the beam.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, each pixel on the target surface of the polarization camera is coated with a polarization film with a different linear polarization direction, and adjacent pixels in a 2×2 range form a four-channel superpixel, wherein each channel corresponds to a polarization modulation, thereby obtaining the corresponding polarization direction component, and two polarization cameras form an eight-channel polarization analyzer system; wherein each superpixel obtains a set of polarization data, and multiple superpixels in parallel form a polarization image.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the illumination light path (which may be called an illumination arm) and the receiving light path (which may be called a receiving arm) and the vertical direction is no more than 30 degrees, which is conducive to improving the quality of measurement data.

[0043] See Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment, the housing of the in-situ endoscope probe is configured to be a conical structure to reduce water resistance and disturbance to sediments. Figure 1 As shown, in a more preferred embodiment, the housing of the in-situ endoscopy probe is configured as an oblique cone structure, and the optical window is disposed on the inclined surface of the oblique cone structure, facing the detection direction of the probe. In a more preferred embodiment, the incident light passing through the polarizer forms an angle of approximately 15 degrees with the sediment sample being measured, and the entire sediment sample is located in the same imaging end focal plane. The path of the outgoing light received by the analyzer forms a 90-degree angle with the sediment sample surface. At the same time, a reflector is provided inside the probe to adjust and guide the light path so that the reflected light from the light source irradiating the sediment sample surface is accurately received by the polarization camera.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the in-situ endoscope probe is configured with an oblique cone-shaped shell structure, and the optical window is provided on the inclined surface. The oblique cone structure effectively reduces underwater resistance, and at the same time reduces the disturbance to the sediment during the sinking process of the probe, thereby ensuring the integrity of the original appearance of the sediment. The position of the optical window forms an angle between the incident light and the sediment sample below the endoscope probe, which can effectively prevent the sediment from adhering to the window when the probe sinks and affecting the measurement accuracy. The design of the path of the polarizer receiving the outgoing light is at a 90-degree angle to the surface of the sediment sample, so that the entire sediment sample is in the focal plane of the imaging end. With the help of the reflector to guide the light path, a clear and consistent image is achieved. Combined with the angle between the incident light and the sediment sample, it is beneficial to reduce the systematic error introduced by the illumination arm and the receiving arm, minimize the interference of light from other angles on the receiving arm, and improve the accuracy of the polarization state measurement.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the data processing module uses a four-dimensional vector Stokes vector to characterize the polarization state, records the polarization state generated by the polarizer and the polarization state detected by the analyzer, and then obtains the change matrix of the polarization state vector before and after scattering of the sediment sample, namely the Mueller matrix, through mathematical calculation.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the data processing module uses a machine learning model to identify and classify the morphology, structure, particle size, and composition of sediment samples, thereby enabling high-throughput, high-resolution analysis of sediment characteristics. The machine learning model is a classification model trained using a machine learning method using data from a database established by measuring known samples.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for in-situ detection of water body sediments, which uses the in-situ detection device for water body sediments to perform in-situ detection of water body sediments.

[0048] Specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.

[0049] Figure 1 The structure of the in-situ detection device for water sediments according to an embodiment of the present invention is demonstrated. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the optical path of an in-situ detection device for water sediments according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 This paper demonstrates an optical path implementation scheme for a specific embodiment. By adding polarization modulation modules to a basic oblique illumination imaging system, forming a polarizer and analyzer at the illumination and imaging ends, respectively, Mueller matrix measurement is achieved. The entire optical path can be integrated into a conical endoscope system for in-situ measurement.

[0050] The system consists of an illumination arm and a receiving arm. The illumination arm contains a light source and a polarizer, while the receiving arm contains an analyzer and an imaging system. The polarizer polarizes the illumination light source, and the analyzer measures the polarization state of the outgoing light, calculating the polarization state change matrix, known as the Mueller matrix. To improve measurement data quality, the angle between the illumination arm and the receiving arm is no more than 30 degrees from the vertical. Depending on the polarizer and analyzer selected, a single measurement can be achieved in less than 3 seconds. The addition of a polarizing element does not affect the optical resolution of the imaging system. With a reasonable optical design, an optical resolution of over 30 lp / mm can be achieved, meeting the requirements for measuring fine sediment particles.

[0051] The measurement system measures the Mueller matrix image of sediments. The Mueller matrix is ​​often closely related to the sample's microstructure, and samples with different compositional properties will have different Mueller matrices. After establishing a standard sample database, data analysis or machine learning algorithms can be used to train and optimize classification models to obtain sediment morphology, particle size, and composition information, allowing for particle composition analysis, counting, and stratified distribution studies.

[0052] Measurement solution based on dual polarization camera

[0053] (1) Light source: To avoid interference from different wavelengths, a single-wavelength incoherent light-emitting diode (LED) light source is used, and a lens is used to collimate the light source to keep the incident light uniform and parallel, avoiding errors caused by the incident angle of the light when using wave plates, polarizers, etc. for polarization modulation, and ensuring that the intensity of light irradiated on the sample surface is uniform and consistent.

[0054] (2) Polarizer: The polarizer adopts the implementation scheme of fixed polarizer plus rotating wave plate. The incident light is modulated into linear polarized light by the polarizer, and its polarization direction is consistent with the optical axis direction of the polarizer, which is defined as the 0-degree polarization direction of the entire system. After being modulated into the linear polarization state, the incident light passes through a quarter-wave plate for the second step of modulation. Here, the wave plate is installed on a rotatable device, such as a precision rotating motor. The wave plate is driven by the motor. When the fast axis direction of the wave plate rotates to different angles, the incident light can be further modulated into different polarization states. According to the current rotation angle of the wave plate, the polarization state of the incident light after the second modulation can be obtained one by one.

[0055] (3) Polarizer / imaging system: A dual-polarization camera module is used for simultaneous polarization analysis and imaging. Each pixel on the target surface of the polarization camera is coated with a polarization film with a different linear polarization direction. Adjacent pixels in the range of 2×2 form a four-channel super-pixel, where each channel corresponds to a polarization modulation, thereby obtaining the corresponding polarization direction component. In order to obtain the complete polarization state of the outgoing light, the outgoing light is divided into two beams by a non-polarizing beam splitter prism, which are received by two polarization cameras respectively. A quarter-wave plate is inserted in one of the optical paths, and the two polarization cameras form an eight-channel polarization analyzer system. Each super-pixel is a set of polarization data, and multiple super-pixels in parallel form a polarization image. The measurement of Mueller matrix image data with an image resolution of not less than 2000*1800 can be completed within 10 seconds.

[0056] (4) Overall system structure: The receiving arm is at a 90-degree angle to the sample, forming a forward-backward receiving mode, so that the entire sample is in the same imaging focal plane, improving imaging quality. At the same time, the angle of the illumination arm is approximately 15 degrees to the sample. For situations where the polarization state is related to the reflection angle, setting the angle of the illumination arm at approximately 15 degrees to the sample can effectively reduce the system error introduced by the illumination arm and the receiving arm without interfering with the receiving arm.

[0057] (5) Data processing method: The polarization state is represented by the four-dimensional Stokes vector. After recording the polarization state generated by the polarizer and the polarization state detected by the analyzer, mathematical calculations can be used to obtain the change matrix of the polarization state vector before and after the sample is scattered, namely the Mueller matrix. To ensure the accuracy of the data, each component in the system is calibrated to prevent any interference with the measurement results.

[0058] (6) Classification and recognition algorithm: A database is established by measuring known samples, and a classification model is obtained by training the database data using machine learning methods. The measured data can be used to quickly and accurately identify and classify sediment morphology, structure, particle size, internal composition, etc. through the classification model.

[0059] In-situ endoscopic measurement device for water bodies

[0060] In-situ sediment measurement in aquatic environments requires a system that can operate stably in complex underwater environments and ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurement data. To this end, the Mueller matrix measurement system is integrated into a conical endoscope probe to achieve efficient and convenient in-situ measurement. The following is a specific implementation plan:

[0061] (1) Probe structure design: The probe adopts a conical structure to reduce the resistance of the probe in the water and ensure that it can be smoothly inserted into the sediment. The conical design can also help guide the water flow, thereby reducing the disturbance of the sediment during the sinking of the probe. An optical window is opened in the conical part of the probe for optical measurement when the probe is extended. The position of the window is designed at an angle on the probe to effectively prevent sediment from adhering to the window when the probe sinks and affecting the measurement accuracy. A reflector is added inside the probe to adjust and guide the light path to make it more suitable for the internal space structure of the probe, ensuring that the light source can evenly illuminate the sediment surface and that the reflected light can be accurately received by the polarization camera.

[0062] (2) Waterproof and pressure-resistant measures: The probe uses high-grade waterproof packaging materials to meet the challenges of underwater high-pressure environments and prevent water from entering the internal optical system and electronic components. Considering the probe's operating requirements in deep water environments, the probe housing must be made of high-strength materials to ensure that the probe's structural integrity and functional stability can be maintained under high water pressure conditions.

[0063] (3) Measurement method and data processing: During the measurement process, the probe is slowly inserted into the sediment layer through the control system, and the sediment is measured in situ using the Mueller matrix measurement system inside the probe. Through the cooperation of the light source and the polarizer, multiple polarization modulations of the incident light can be obtained, and the polarization state of the outgoing light can be recorded through the analyzer and imaging system. The processing module equipped with the probe can process the collected data in real time, including calculating the Mueller matrix, analyzing the polarization characteristics of the sediment, and using machine learning models to identify and classify the morphology, structure, particle size and composition of the sediment.

[0064] (4) Data transmission and storage: The probe transmits the collected data in real time to the data processing system on the water platform or ship through optical fiber or wireless communication technology for further analysis and processing. The probe is also equipped with a high-capacity storage device to store the measurement data, ensuring that the data will not be lost in special circumstances such as communication interruption, and can be retrieved and analyzed in subsequent operations.

[0065] Through this in-situ endoscopic measurement solution for water bodies, efficient and accurate in-situ measurement of sediments can be achieved, and the true polarization information of sediments in the natural environment can be obtained, providing reliable data support for water environment research and sediment analysis.

[0066] The above description further details the present invention in conjunction with specific / preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these descriptions. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they may make various substitutions or modifications to the described embodiments, and these substitutions or modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" indicates that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with such embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Persons skilled in the art may combine and assemble the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, without conflicting opinions. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of protection of the patent application.

Claims

1. An in-situ detection device for water sediments, characterized in that: include: Light source, used to provide the lighting required for measurement; a polarizer, used for performing polarization modulation on the illumination light source to generate incident light of a desired polarization state to be incident on the sediment sample; An analyzer, corresponding to the polarizer, for measuring polarization state information of the outgoing light of the sediment sample; An imaging system for capturing and recording polarization state information measured by the analyzer to generate a Mueller matrix image; A data processing module is used to process Mueller matrix image data, calculate the Mueller matrix based on the image data, and analyze the polarization characteristics of the sediment sample to identify and analyze the sediment sample; An in-situ endoscopy probe comprises a housing having an optical window and a waterproof package, wherein the optical window is used for performing in-situ optical measurement of water sediments, and the light source, the polarizer, the analyzer, the imaging system, and the data processing module are arranged in the housing; The analyzer and imaging system consists of a dual-polarization camera module, which includes two polarization cameras and a non-polarization beam splitter prism. The non-polarization beam splitter prism splits the outgoing light into two beams, which are received by two polarization cameras to record the polarization state, and a quarter-wave plate is inserted in one of the optical paths; Each pixel on the target surface of the polarization camera is coated with a polarization film with a different linear polarization direction. Adjacent pixels in a 2×2 range form a four-channel superpixel, where each channel corresponds to a polarization modulation, thereby obtaining the corresponding polarization direction component. Two polarization cameras form an eight-channel polarization analyzer system; each superpixel obtains a set of polarization data, and multiple superpixels in parallel form a polarization image; The angle between the illumination light path and the receiving light path and the vertical direction is no more than 30 degrees; The shell of the in-situ endoscopy probe is configured as an oblique cone structure, and the optical window is arranged on the inclined surface of the oblique cone structure; the path of the polarizer receiving the outgoing light forms a 90-degree angle with the surface of the sediment sample, so that the entire sediment sample is located on the focal plane of the imaging end, and a reflector is provided to adjust and guide the light path so that the reflected light can be accurately received by the polarization camera.

2. The in-situ detection device for water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarizer includes a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate, and the quarter wave plate is mounted on a rotatable device.

3. The in-situ detection device for water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The incident light passing through the polarizer forms an angle of about 15 degrees with the sediment sample to be measured, and the sediment sample as a whole is in the same imaging end focal plane.

4. The in-situ detection device for water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module uses the four-dimensional Stokes vector to characterize the polarization state, records the polarization state generated by the polarizer and the polarization state detected by the analyzer, and then obtains the change matrix of the polarization state vector before and after scattering of the sediment sample, namely the Mueller matrix, through mathematical calculation.

5. The in-situ detection device for water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module uses a machine learning model to identify and classify the morphology, structure, particle size and composition of sediment samples to achieve high-throughput, high-resolution analysis of sediment characteristics; wherein the machine learning model is a classification model obtained by establishing a database by measuring known samples and training the database using data using a machine learning method.

6. A method for in-situ detection of water sediments, characterized in that: In-situ detection of water sediments is performed using the water sediment in-situ detection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images