A method and apparatus for estimating battery performance

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery technology, specifically to a battery performance estimation method and device, including an EMS system housing, a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack, a liquid cooling plate, a diameter-changing assembly, a telescopic plate, a converter assembly, and an adjustment plate. The control module and sampling module are housed within the EMS system housing. The battery pack is located within the EMS system housing. The liquid cooling plate is located below the battery pack and contains multiple working chambers, with a drive cavity communicating with each chamber. The diameter-changing assembly is installed within the drive cavity, and the telescopic plate is also located within the drive cavity. When the battery pack temperature rises, the diameter-changing assembly drives the telescopic plate to slide. The converter assembly is located within the drive cavity. When the battery pack temperature rises, the converter assembly drives the adjustment plate to shift center. This invention achieves uniformity of the EMS system hardware temperature through changes in temperature and pressure, improving data acquisition accuracy, maintaining data acquisition consistency, and enhancing estimation performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery technology, specifically to a battery performance estimation method and device. Background Technology

[0002] The battery management system, also known as the EMS system, is mainly used to monitor and report on the battery pack of new energy vehicles in real time, and dynamically monitor the working status of the battery pack. During the charging and discharging process, it collects information on battery voltage, temperature, and charging and discharging current in real time, accurately estimates the state of charge of the battery pack, and ensures that the remaining battery power is maintained within a reasonable range to prevent damage to the battery from overcharging or over-discharging.

[0003] The hardware of the EMS system includes a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack, and a liquid cooling plate. The control module is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack. The control module includes a main control box and slave control boxes. The main control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes, and each slave control box is connected to a battery in a one-to-one correspondence. The sampling module consists of sensors to detect the voltage, temperature, and current of the battery in real time. The liquid cooling plate is used to cool down the EMS system hardware and ensure the stability of the EMS system.

[0004] During the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, data is collected from the battery pack through sampling components for real-time monitoring. However, the battery pack generates a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. This heat is transferred to the sampling module through thermal conduction and thermal radiation, causing the temperature of the sampling module to rise and affecting the acquisition accuracy of the sensors in the sampling module. Furthermore, due to the different performance of each individual battery cell in the battery pack, the heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging varies. Consequently, the liquid cooling plate cannot guarantee the uniformity of the battery pack temperature, resulting in uneven temperature distribution. This causes the sampling module in different areas to be heated differently, making it impossible to guarantee the accuracy and consistency of the sampling module's data acquisition.

[0005] To address this, existing technologies have proposed a liquid-cooled power battery pack for electric vehicles. This device improves the safety performance of the battery pack through modular design, reduces its manufacturing cost, and can achieve high-standard functional requirements at a low cost and is easy to mass-produce. However, it still does not solve the problem of the impact of temperature on the sampling accuracy of the sampling module in different areas.

[0006] In view of this, we propose a method and device for estimating battery performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery performance estimation method and apparatus to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for estimating battery performance,

[0010] S1. The voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by voltage and current sensors in the collection module. Dedicated battery parameter sensors, such as voltage and current sensors, are used to monitor the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time. The data processing unit processes the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery. The data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural network, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL.

[0011] S2. A model is established based on the battery experimental data using a model building module. The model building module establishes the battery electrochemical model using at least one method selected from equivalent circuit models, electrochemical models, and neural network models. The dynamic characteristics of the battery are simulated and analyzed using data simulation methods. Numerical simulation methods, such as the finite element method and the difference method, are used to simulate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the battery. Combined with the battery parameter identification results and the digital model, the SOC, SOH, and remaining service life of the battery are predicted and estimated.

[0012] Combining battery parameter identification results and electrochemical models, a state estimation algorithm is used to estimate the battery's SOC in real time; monitoring the battery's operating status and historical data, and combining factors such as ambient temperature and charge-discharge cycle count, a specialized algorithm is used to estimate the battery's SOH; based on the battery's historical data and current state, a prediction algorithm is used to predict and estimate the battery's remaining lifespan.

[0013] S3. Based on the real-time status and performance information of the battery, combined with optimization algorithms such as model predictive control and genetic algorithms, the battery management strategy is dynamically adjusted, including charging and discharging current and voltage parameters. At the same time, the evaluation module uses battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the battery's working status in real time and accurately diagnose and locate internal battery faults. The evaluation module includes at least one function selected from the state estimator, prediction algorithm, and fault diagnosis module for real-time evaluation of battery performance and status.

[0014] A battery performance estimation device includes an EMS system housing, a control module, a sampling module, a battery pack, a liquid cooling plate, a variable diameter assembly, a telescopic plate, a converter assembly, and an adjustment plate;

[0015] The EMS system housing contains a control module and a sampling module. The control module controls the charging and discharging of the battery pack. The sampling module detects real-time parameters of the battery pack. The battery pack is located inside the EMS system housing and is connected to both the control module and the sampling module. The battery pack consists of multiple batteries. The control module is divided into a master control box and slave control boxes. The master control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes and controls the slave control boxes. Each slave control box is individually connected to each battery and controls a single battery. The sampling module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a current sensor to collect data on various battery performance parameters. The liquid cooling plate is located below the battery pack. The liquid cooling plate has inlet and outlet holes at both ends. Multiple working chambers are formed inside the liquid cooling plate. Each working chamber has a grid array of heat-conducting columns that transfer heat from the battery. The heat-conducting columns transfer the heat from the battery to themselves, and then the heat is absorbed through the flow of coolant, thereby achieving cooling. A flow exchange hole is formed between two adjacent working chambers. A drive cavity communicating with the working chamber is formed on the liquid cooling plate.

[0016] The variable diameter assembly is installed inside the drive cavity, and the telescopic plate is located inside the drive cavity. When the battery pack temperature rises, the variable diameter assembly drives the telescopic plate to slide, which expands the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The increased flow rate of the coolant leads to an increase in pressure between the coolant and the working chamber, thus increasing the flow velocity of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency. The variable diameter assembly also drives the telescopic plate to contract. The commutation assembly is located inside the drive cavity, and the adjustment plate is symmetrically arranged in the working chamber. The adjustment plate has through holes corresponding to the commutation holes. When the battery pack temperature rises, the commutation assembly drives the adjustment plate to center off, which reduces the volume of the working chamber, thereby pressurizing the coolant and increasing its flow velocity. This, combined with the increased diameter of the inlet hole from the variable diameter assembly, increases the coolant flow rate and improves the cooling efficiency. At the same time, the coolant flows through the commutation holes to different working chambers, ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation from the liquid cooling plate.

[0017] Preferably, the heat-conducting columns are arranged in a hexagonal structure, and the heat-conducting columns and the exchange holes are arranged alternately. The hexagonal structure of the heat-conducting columns guides the flow of coolant, allowing the coolant to flow quickly to both sides. This ensures that the coolant can fill the working chamber evenly and quickly, guaranteeing the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling plate. The alternating arrangement of the heat-conducting columns and the exchange holes ensures that the coolant flowing out of the exchange holes is located precisely between the gaps of the two heat-conducting columns and flows horizontally under the action of the heat-conducting columns.

[0018] Preferably, the variable diameter assembly includes a shape memory metal, a reciprocating rack, a return spring, a drive plate, a fixed plate, and a limiting rod. One end of the shape memory metal is fixedly connected to the drive cavity, and the other end is connected to the reciprocating rack. When the battery temperature rises, the shape memory metal gradually expands and recovers as the temperature rises, thereby pushing the reciprocating rack. The reciprocating rack is slidably installed in the drive cavity, and the reciprocating rack is connected to the inner wall of the drive cavity by a return spring. The return spring is used to reset the reciprocating rack when the battery temperature drops and the shape memory metal contracts. The drive plate is located below the reciprocating rack and meshes with the reciprocating rack. A drive groove is formed on the drive plate. A fixed plate is provided on one side of the drive plate, and a limiting groove corresponding to the drive groove is formed on the fixed plate. A limiting groove is provided between the drive plate and the fixed plate. A limiting rod is provided, with its two ends located in the drive groove and the limiting groove, respectively. The limiting rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate. The drive plate rotates under the action of a reciprocating rack, which in turn drives the limiting rod to move through the drive groove. The limiting rod maintains the stability of its movement trajectory under the action of the limiting groove of the fixed plate, thereby causing the limiting rod to drive the telescopic plate to contract and expand the diameter of the inlet hole. The coolant flow rate remains unchanged, but the flow diameter increases, thereby increasing the coolant flow rate and promoting the cooling effect. The telescopic plate has buffer slopes at both ends to reduce the resistance of the telescopic plate to the coolant. When the coolant flows in along the inlet hole, the coolant will not impact the telescopic plate vertically, but will flow obstructed along the buffer slope, avoiding the coolant flow being blocked, which would reduce the flow velocity and thus the inlet flow rate.

[0019] Preferably, the reciprocating rack is provided with a limiting protrusion, and the inner wall of the drive cavity is provided with a groove that cooperates with the limiting protrusion. The drive rack and the inner wall of the drive cavity realize the step-by-step change of the adjustment plate through the mutual cooperation of the limiting protrusion and the groove. The temperature rise of the shape memory metal expansion and recovery is divided equally. When the temperature rises by a certain value, the shape memory metal expands and pushes the reciprocating rack forward one step, avoiding the small temperature difference from causing the reciprocating rack to shake and affecting the stability of the telescopic plate operation.

[0020] Preferably, the converter assembly includes a drive rack, a transmission wheel, a driven rack, a push rod, a hose, a rolling roller, and a pull rod; the drive rack is located in the working chamber and below the drive plate; a transmission wheel is provided on one side of the drive rack; the transmission wheel meshes with the drive rack, and a driven rack is provided above the transmission wheel; the driven rack is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate, and the drive rack slides horizontally under the action of the drive plate, thereby meshing with the transmission wheel, driving the transmission wheel to rotate, and the transmission wheel drives the driven rack to move in the opposite direction to the drive rack, thereby driving the adjusting plate fixedly connected to the driven rack to move synchronously, reducing the volume of the working chamber; one end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the drive rack, and the... The other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate. The push rod and the drive rack move in the same direction, thereby driving the adjusting plate to move and changing the volume of the working chamber. The adjusting plate has drainage surfaces at both ends, and the through hole is a frustum-shaped structure. The drainage surfaces are used to reduce the resistance of the adjusting plate to the coolant. When the adjusting plate extends, the drainage surfaces reduce the resistance between the coolant and the adjusting plate, thereby ensuring the flow rate of the coolant and preventing the coolant from decreasing due to the adjusting plate, which would affect the horizontal flow efficiency of the coolant. The frustum-shaped structure pressurizes the coolant, thereby increasing the speed at which the coolant flows through the exchange hole, allowing the coolant to quickly flow into the adjacent working chamber and mix thoroughly with the coolant in the adjacent working chamber. To improve the cooling efficiency of the coolant, a flexible hose is provided between two adjacent adjusting plates. The diameter of the hose at its middle end is larger than that at both ends. The middle end of the hose is fixedly installed inside the exchange hole. A pressure roller is provided on one side of the hose. The pressure roller is located inside the drive chamber and at the middle end of the hose. Symmetrical locking holes are provided on the pressure roller, and a pull rod is installed in each locking hole. The pull rod is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate. The hose is made of plastic and has a certain degree of elasticity, allowing it to be stretched. This ensures that the adjusting plate maintains a seal between itself and the inner wall of the working chamber during movement, preventing coolant from entering between the two and hindering the movement of the adjusting plate. Simultaneously, it prevents… Coolant enters the drive chamber to ensure its dryness. During the sliding process of the regulating plate, the different temperatures of the battery packs in each chamber cause the regulating plate to travel different distances. This results in different pulling forces exerted on the rollers by the rods fixed to the regulating plate. When the chamber temperature is higher, the regulating plate travels a greater distance, and the pulling force exerted on the rollers by the rods is greater, thus pulling the rollers to move in the same direction. The sliding of the rollers compresses the hoses, causing the diameter of the hoses near the chambers with lower temperatures to increase. This reduces the flow resistance of the coolant, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the coolant and allowing it to flow quickly from the lower-temperature chambers to the higher-temperature chambers.

[0021] Preferably, the rolling roller is divided into a sliding section and an extrusion section; the sliding section has symmetrically arranged locking holes for connection with the pull rod, and the extrusion section has a hemispherical structure with an arc surface. The locking structure between the rolling roller and the pull rod facilitates the sliding of the rolling roller. When the temperature of a certain chamber is high, the pulling force of the pull rod on the rolling roller increases, thereby pulling the rolling roller to move in the same direction. In the chamber with a lower temperature, the pull rod is separated from the rolling roller through the locking hole, without affecting the normal sliding of the rolling roller. The arc surface structure of the rolling roller increases the contact area between the rolling roller and the hose, thereby enhancing the change of the hose diameter by the rolling roller, which further increases the flow rate difference of the coolant in adjacent chambers and promotes the cooling effect.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] A method and device for estimating battery performance are disclosed. The device achieves effective temperature regulation through the cooperation of a variable diameter component and a converter component, avoiding excessively high temperatures in local areas, ensuring overall temperature uniformity, and improving the consistency and accuracy of data acquisition.

[0024] A method and apparatus for estimating battery performance are disclosed. The apparatus achieves horizontal flow of coolant through a converter component, enabling coolant flow between different working chambers, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the overall temperature of the battery pack.

[0025] A method and apparatus for estimating battery performance are disclosed. The apparatus generates a flow rate difference through an adjustment plate, thereby ensuring the horizontal flow efficiency of the coolant, enhancing the exchange between high-temperature and low-temperature coolants, and improving the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a capacity degradation curve based on four NASA-designed batteries at an ambient temperature of 24°C.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A;

[0031] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a vertical sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a stepped cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of point D;

[0036] Figure 11 This is an overall view of the variable diameter assembly of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is an overall view of the variable diameter assembly and the converter assembly of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 Enlarged view of point E;

[0039] Figure 14 This is an overall view of the converter assembly of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 15 This is an overall view of the rolling roller of the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. EMS system housing;

[0043] 2. Control module;

[0044] 3. Sampling module;

[0045] 4. Battery pack;

[0046] 5. Liquid cooling plate; 51. Chamber; 511. Fluid exchange hole; 52. Heat conduction column; 53. Drive cavity; 531. Limiting groove;

[0047] 6. Variable diameter assembly; 61. Shape memory metal; 62. Reciprocating rack; 621. Limiting protrusion; 63. Return spring; 64. Drive plate; 641. Drive groove; 65. Fixing plate; 651. Groove; 66. Limiting rod;

[0048] 7. Telescopic plank;

[0049] 8. Converter assembly; 81. Drive rack; 82. Transmission wheel; 83. Driven rack; 84. Push rod; 85. Hose; 86. Compactor roller; 861. Sliding section; 8611. Engaging hole; 862. Extrusion section; 8621. Hemispherical structure; 8622. Arc surface; 87. Tie rod;

[0050] 9. Adjusting plate; 91. Through hole; 92. Drainage surface. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0053] A method and apparatus for estimating battery performance, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a battery performance estimation method based on multi-parameter identification includes a collection module, a data collection unit, a model building module, and an evaluation module;

[0054] S1. The voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by voltage and current sensors in the collection module. Dedicated battery parameter sensors, such as voltage and current sensors, are used to monitor the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time. The data processing unit processes the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery. The data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural network, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL.

[0055] S2. A model is established based on the battery experimental data using a model building module. The model building module establishes the battery electrochemical model using at least one method selected from equivalent circuit models, electrochemical models, and neural network models. The dynamic characteristics of the battery are simulated and analyzed using data simulation methods. Numerical simulation methods, such as the finite element method and the difference method, are used to simulate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the battery. Combined with the battery parameter identification results and the digital model, the SOC, SOH, and remaining service life of the battery are predicted and estimated.

[0056] Combining battery parameter identification results and electrochemical models, state estimation algorithms, such as extended Kalman filtering and neural network-based methods, are used to estimate the battery's SOC in real time.

[0057] By monitoring the battery's operating status and historical data, and combining factors such as ambient temperature and charge / discharge cycle count, a specialized algorithm is used to estimate the battery's state of harm (SOH), including factors such as capacity decay and internal resistance increase.

[0058] Based on historical data and current status of the battery, prediction algorithms such as Markov chain models and regression analysis are used to predict and estimate the remaining lifespan of the battery.

[0059] S3. Based on the real-time status and performance information of the battery, combined with optimization algorithms such as model predictive control and genetic algorithms, the battery management strategy is dynamically adjusted, including charging and discharging current and voltage parameters. Simultaneously, the evaluation module utilizes battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the battery's operating status in real time, accurately diagnosing and locating internal battery faults. The evaluation module includes at least one function selected from state estimators, prediction algorithms, and fault diagnosis modules for real-time evaluation of battery performance and status. Using battery parameter identification results and historical data, fault diagnosis algorithms, such as pattern recognition algorithms and support vector machines, are employed to monitor the battery's operating status in real time, accurately diagnosing and locating internal battery faults.

[0060] The present invention Figure 2 This method uses historical charge and discharge data of 18650 lithium batteries from NASA to estimate battery capacity. The horizontal axis represents the charge and discharge cycles of the lithium battery (unit: cycles), and the vertical axis represents the capacity of the lithium battery. The 1.4Ah mark is the battery degradation threshold. When the actual battery capacity is lower than the degradation threshold, the battery needs to be charged or replaced to ensure the stable operation of the equipment. B0005, B0006, B0007, and B0018 are the group numbers for different batteries. By grouping different batteries by number, a control group is formed, which then shows in detail the decline curve of the actual battery capacity after several charge and discharge cycles.

[0061] like Figures 3 to 15 As shown, a battery performance estimation device includes an EMS system housing 1, a control module 2, a sampling module 3, a battery pack 4, a liquid cooling plate 5, a variable diameter assembly 6, a telescopic plate 7, a converter assembly 8, and an adjustment plate 9.

[0062] The EMS system housing 1 houses a control module 2 and a sampling module 3. The control module 2 controls the charging and discharging of the battery pack 4. The sampling module 3 detects the real-time parameters of the battery pack 4. The battery pack 4 is located inside the EMS system housing 1 and is connected to both the control module 2 and the sampling module 3. The battery pack 4 consists of multiple batteries. The control module 2 is divided into a master control box and slave control boxes. The master control box is connected to multiple slave control boxes and controls the slave control boxes. Each slave control box is individually connected to each battery and controls a single battery. The sampling module 3 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a current sensor for collecting data on various battery performance parameters. The liquid cooling plate 5 is located below the battery pack 4 and has inlet and outlet holes at both ends.

[0063] The liquid cooling plate 5 has multiple working chambers 51, which correspond to the number of rows of battery packs 4, ensuring that each row of batteries is positioned directly above the working chamber 51, thus maximizing the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling plate 5. Each working chamber 51 contains a grid array of heat-conducting columns 52, which transfer heat from the batteries. Coolant flows rapidly through the heat-conducting columns 52, carrying away their heat and reducing their temperature. This accelerates heat transfer from the batteries to the heat-conducting columns, thereby lowering the battery temperature. The heat-conducting columns 52 are arranged in a hexagonal structure. The flow exchange holes 511 are arranged in an alternating pattern. The hexagonal structure of the heat-conducting pillars 52 guides the flow of the coolant, allowing the coolant to flow quickly to both sides. This ensures that the coolant can fill the working chamber 51 evenly and quickly, guaranteeing the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling plate 5. The alternating arrangement of the heat-conducting pillars 52 and the flow exchange holes 511 ensures that the coolant flowing out of the flow exchange holes 511 is located exactly between the gaps of the two heat-conducting pillars 52 and flows horizontally under the action of the heat-conducting pillars 52. Flow exchange holes 511 are provided between two adjacent working chambers 51. The liquid cooling plate 5 is provided with a drive cavity 53 that communicates with the working chamber 51.

[0064] The variable diameter assembly 6 is installed in the drive cavity 53, and the telescopic plate 7 is located in the inlet hole. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 rises, the variable diameter assembly 6 drives the telescopic plate 7 to slide, and the telescopic plate 7 slides to expand the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The increased flow rate of the coolant leads to an increase in the pressure between the coolant and the working chamber 51, which in turn increases the flow rate of the coolant. The increased flow rate of the coolant leads to an increase in the pressure between the coolant and the working chamber 51, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the coolant and improving the cooling efficiency.

[0065] The variable diameter assembly 6 drives the telescopic plate 7 to retract; the commutation assembly 8 is located in the drive cavity 53, and the adjustment plate 9 is symmetrically arranged in the working chamber 51. The adjustment plate 9 has through holes 91 corresponding to the commutation holes 511. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 rises, the commutation assembly 8 drives the adjustment plate 9 to shift to the center. The shift of the adjustment plate 9 to the center reduces the volume of the working chamber 51, thereby pressurizing the coolant and increasing the flow rate of the coolant. In conjunction with the variable diameter assembly 6, the diameter of the inlet hole is increased, thereby increasing the flow of coolant and improving the cooling efficiency. At the same time, the coolant flows through the commutation holes 511 to achieve the circulation of coolant in different working chambers 51, ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of the liquid cooling plate 5.

[0066] One end of the shape memory metal 61 is fixedly connected to the driving cavity 53, and the other end of the shape memory metal 61 is connected to the reciprocating rack 62. When the battery temperature rises, the shape memory metal 61 will gradually expand and recover as the temperature rises, thereby pushing the reciprocating rack 62. The reciprocating rack 62 is slidably installed in the driving cavity 53. The reciprocating rack 62 is connected to the inner wall of the driving cavity 53 by a return spring 63. The return spring 63 is used to reset the reciprocating rack 62 when the battery temperature drops and the shape memory metal 61 contracts. A limiting protrusion 621 is provided on the 62, and a groove 651 that cooperates with the limiting protrusion 621 is provided on the inner wall of the drive cavity 53. The drive rack 81 and the inner wall of the drive cavity 53 realize the step-by-step change of the adjustment plate 9 through the mutual cooperation of the limiting protrusion 621 and the groove 651. The temperature rise of the expansion and recovery of the memory metal 61 is divided equally. When the temperature rises by a certain value, the memory metal 61 expands and pushes the reciprocating rack 62 forward one step, so as to avoid the reciprocating rack 62 from shaking due to small temperature difference, which would affect the stability of the telescopic plate 7.

[0067] The drive plate 64 is located below and meshes with the reciprocating rack 62. A drive groove 641 is formed on the drive plate 64. A fixing plate 65 is provided on one side of the drive plate 64, and a limiting groove 531 corresponding to the drive groove 641 is formed on the fixing plate 65. A limiting rod 66 is provided between the drive plate 64 and the fixing plate 65, with both ends of the limiting rod 66 located in the drive groove 641 and the limiting groove 531 respectively. The limiting rod 66 is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate 7. The drive plate 64 rotates under the action of the reciprocating rack 62, thereby driving the drive plate 641. The limiting rod 66 moves, and under the action of the limiting groove 531 of the fixed plate 65, the limiting rod 66 maintains the stability of its movement trajectory, thereby causing the limiting rod 66 to drive the telescopic plate 7 to contract and expand the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the coolant flow and promoting the cooling effect. The telescopic plate 7 has buffer slopes at both ends. The buffer slopes are used to reduce the resistance of the telescopic plate 7 to the coolant. When the coolant flows in along the inlet hole, the coolant will not impact the telescopic plate 7 vertically, but will flow obstructed along the buffer slope, thus avoiding the coolant flow being blocked, which would reduce the flow speed and thus reduce the inlet flow.

[0068] Due to the differences in the performance of individual battery cells, the temperature rise of different battery packs 4 is different, which in turn leads to inconsistent temperatures in different chambers 51. Consequently, the shape memory metal 61 in different chambers 51 is heated to different temperatures, resulting in inconsistent deformation of the shape memory metal 61. This in turn causes inconsistent extension and retraction distances of the telescopic plate 7, resulting in different inlet diameters for each chamber 51. Consequently, the coolant flow rate and heat dissipation efficiency are different, achieving precise temperature control.

[0069] The drive rack 81 is located inside the working chamber 51 and below the drive plate 64. A transmission wheel 82 is provided on one side of the drive rack 81, and the transmission wheel 82 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the drive cavity 53 via a rotating shaft. The transmission wheel 82 meshes with the drive rack 81, and a driven rack 83 is provided above the transmission wheel 82. The driven rack 83 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9. Under the action of the drive plate 64, the drive rack 81 slides horizontally, thereby meshing with the transmission wheel 82, causing the transmission wheel 82 to rotate. The transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to move in the opposite direction to the drive rack 81, thus driving the driven rack 83 to move in the opposite direction to the driven rack 81. The adjusting plate 9 moves synchronously, reducing the volume of the working chamber 51; one end of the push rod 84 is fixedly connected to the drive rack 81, and the other end of the push rod 84 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9. The push rod 84 and the drive rack 81 move in the same direction, thereby driving the adjusting plate 9 to move and changing the volume of the working chamber 51. The adjusting plate 9 has a flow-guiding surface 92 at both ends. The through hole 91 is a frustum-shaped structure. The flow-guiding surface 92 is used to reduce the resistance of the adjusting plate 9 to the coolant. One end of the adjusting plate 9 is provided with a mounting post. The push rod 84 and the driven rack 83 are both provided with mounting holes that cooperate with the mounting post. The fixed connection between them is achieved through the mounting post and the mounting hole.

[0070] A flexible hose 85 is provided between two adjacent adjusting plates 9. The diameter of the middle end of the flexible hose 85 is larger than that of both ends. The middle end of the flexible hose 85 is fixedly installed in the exchange hole 511, so that the flexible hose 85 remains fixed as a whole, with only the two ends subjected to tension. A pressing roller 86 is provided on one side of the flexible hose 85. The pressing roller 86 is located in the drive cavity 53 and at the middle end of the flexible hose 85. The pressing roller 86 has symmetrically opened locking holes 8611, and a pull rod 87 is installed in the locking holes 8611. The pull rod 87 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9. The flexible hose 85 is made of plastic and has a certain degree of elasticity, allowing it to be stretched. This ensures that the adjusting plate 9 maintains the seal between the adjusting plate 9 and the inner wall of the working chamber 51 during movement, preventing the adjusting plate 9 from being damaged. During the movement, coolant enters between the two chambers, hindering the movement of the adjusting plate 9. Simultaneously, it prevents coolant from entering the drive chamber 53, ensuring its dryness. During the sliding process, the temperature of the battery packs 4 in each chamber 51 differs, resulting in varying flow distances for the adjusting plate 9. This leads to different pulling forces exerted by the tie rod 87, which is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 9, on the pressing roller 86. When the temperature of the chamber 51 is higher, the adjusting plate 9 moves a greater distance, resulting in a greater pulling force from the tie rod 87 on the pressing roller 86. This causes the pressing roller 86 to move in the same direction. The sliding of the pressing roller 86 compresses the hose 85, increasing the diameter of the end of the hose 85 closer to the chamber 51 with the lower temperature, thus increasing the flow of coolant. The reduced resistance increases the flow velocity of the coolant, allowing it to flow rapidly from the lower-temperature chamber 51 to the higher-temperature chamber 51. Since the volume of the chamber 51 remains stable, the increase in pressure on the coolant in the higher-temperature chamber 51 when coolant enters from the lower-temperature chamber 51 further increases the flow velocity, thus accelerating heat exchange with the heat-conducting column 52 and improving cooling efficiency. The rolling roller 86 is divided into a sliding section 861 and a pressing section 862. The sliding section 861 has symmetrically arranged engaging holes 8611 connected to the pull rod 87. The pressing section 862 is a hemispherical structure 8621 with an arc surface 8622. The engaging structure of 86 and tie rod 87 facilitates the sliding of the rolling roller 86. When the temperature of a certain chamber 51 is high, the pulling force of tie rod 87 on the rolling roller 86 increases, thereby pulling the rolling roller 86 to move in the same direction. In the chamber 51 with a lower temperature, tie rod 87 is separated from the rolling roller 86 through the engaging hole 8611, which does not affect the normal sliding of the rolling roller 86. The arc surface 8622 structure of the rolling roller 86 enhances the contact area between the rolling roller 86 and the hose 85, thereby enhancing the change of the diameter of the hose 85 by the rolling roller 86, which further increases the flow rate difference of the coolant and promotes the cooling effect. When the temperature of adjacent chambers 51 is the same, the rolling roller 86 is located in the middle, and the diameters on both sides of the hose 85 are the same, so there will be no coolant exchange phenomenon.

[0071] When the adjusting plate 9 extends, its two ends reduce the flow velocity of the coolant, which in turn reduces the speed of the coolant flowing through the exchange hole 511, affecting the horizontal flow efficiency of the coolant. The frustum-shaped structure pressurizes the coolant, thereby increasing the speed of the coolant flowing through the exchange hole 511, allowing the coolant to flow quickly into the adjacent chamber 51 and mix thoroughly with the coolant in the adjacent chamber 51, improving the cooling efficiency of the coolant. A corrugated plate is provided between the adjusting plate 9 and the inner wall of the chamber 51 to ensure the connection between the through hole 91 and the exchange hole 511. The two are always in a connected state to prevent the regulating plate 9 from separating from the inner wall of the working chamber 51 when it extends, which would cause an intermittent between the through hole 91 and the exchange hole 511, causing coolant to flow into the gap between the regulating plate 9 and the inner wall of the working chamber 51, affecting the flow efficiency of the coolant. At the same time, it prevents the coolant from affecting the reset of the regulating plate 9 in the gap between the two. Meanwhile, the regulating plate 9 pulls the rolling roller 86 through the pull rod 87. The rolling roller 86 changes the diameter of the middle end of the hose 85, thereby increasing the entry speed of coolant in the adjacent working chamber 51.

[0072] Because the shape memory metal 61 expands and recovers with inconsistent deformation, the adjustment plate 9 moves at different distances. The higher the temperature, the greater the displacement of the adjustment plate 9, resulting in a greater reduction in the volume of the chamber 51, a higher coolant flow rate, and lower pressure. When the battery temperatures in adjacent chambers 51 are inconsistent, the adjustment plate 9 in the chamber with the higher temperature moves more, resulting in a higher coolant flow rate and lower pressure, while the adjustment plate 9 in the chamber with the lower temperature moves less, resulting in a lower coolant flow rate and higher pressure. At this point, the coolant in the lower-temperature chamber 51 flows into the adjacent higher-temperature chamber 51 under pressure. The volume of the coolant in the lower-temperature chamber decreases, and to maintain the coolant volume, the coolant flow rate at the inlet increases, while the coolant volume in the higher-temperature chamber 51 increases. The increased pressure on the coolant leads to an increased flow rate, improving cooling efficiency. Simultaneously, the coolant flows from the lower-temperature chamber 51 into the higher-temperature chamber 51, where it cools the coolant in the higher-temperature chamber 51, further enhancing cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the varying movement distances of the adjusting plates 9 result in different forces exerted by the pull rod 87 on the roller 86. The adjusting plates 9 move a greater distance in the higher-temperature chamber 51, resulting in a greater force exerted by the pull rod 87 on the roller 86. This causes the roller 86 to move in the same direction, increasing the diameter of the hose 85 at one end of the lower-temperature chamber 51 and increasing the coolant flow rate. This accelerates the exchange between adjacent chambers 51, ensuring the overall temperature uniformity of the liquid-cooled plate 5.

[0073] In this embodiment of the battery performance estimation method and device, when the battery pack 4 temperature rises, the temperature is transferred to the memory metal 61. The memory metal 61 detects the temperature rise and expands to reset. The memory metal 61 pushes the reciprocating rack 62 to slide horizontally. The reciprocating rack 62 compresses the reset spring 63. At the same time, the reciprocating rack 62 drives the drive plate 64 to rotate. The drive plate 64 compresses the limit rod 66. The limit rod 66 drives the telescopic plate 7 to retract. The rotation of the drive plate 64 drives the drive rack 81 to slide horizontally. The drive rack 81 drives the transmission wheel 82 to rotate. The transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to slide horizontally in the opposite direction to the drive rack 81. The driven rack 83 pulls the adjustment plate 9 to slide horizontally. At the same time, the drive rack 81 drives the push rod 84 to move in the same direction. The push rod 84 pulls the adjustment plate 9 to slide horizontally. The adjustment plate 9 pulls the crushing roller 86 through the pull rod 87. The crushing roller 86 moves in the same direction and compresses the hose 85.

[0074] When the temperature of battery pack 4 decreases, the memory metal 61 contracts, and the reciprocating rack 62 is displaced in the opposite direction and reset under the action of the reset spring 63. The reciprocating rack 62 drives the drive plate 64 to reverse and reset. The drive plate 64 drives the telescopic plate 7 to reset through the limit post. At the same time, the drive plate 64 drives the drive rack 81 to reset. The drive rack 81 drives the transmission wheel 82 to reverse and reset. The transmission wheel 82 drives the driven rack 83 to reset. The driven rack 83 pulls the adjusting plate 9 to reset. At the same time, the drive rack 81 drives the push rod 84 to reset. The push rod 84 pulls the adjusting plate 9 to reset. The adjusting plate 9 pushes the rolling roller 86 to reset through the pull rod 87.

[0075] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery performance estimation device, characterized in that: It includes an EMS system housing (1), a control module (2), a sampling module (3), a battery pack (4), a liquid cooling plate (5), a variable diameter assembly (6), a telescopic plate (7), a converter assembly (8), and an adjustment plate (9). The EMS system housing (1) is equipped with a control module (2) and a sampling module (3). The control module (2) is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack (4); The sampling module (3) is used for the real-time detection of the battery pack (4); The battery pack (4) is located inside the EMS system housing (1) and is connected to the control module (2) and the sampling module (3) respectively; The liquid cooling plate (5) is located below the battery pack (4). The liquid cooling plate (5) has inlet holes and outlet holes at both ends. Multiple working chambers (51) are provided inside the liquid cooling plate (5). The working chambers (51) are provided with heat-conducting columns (52) arranged in a grid array. A flow exchange hole (511) is provided between two adjacent working chambers (51). A driving cavity (53) communicating with the working chambers (51) is provided on the liquid cooling plate (5). The variable diameter assembly (6) is installed in the drive cavity (53), and the telescopic plate (7) is located in the drive cavity (53). When the temperature of the battery pack (4) rises, the variable diameter assembly (6) drives the telescopic plate (7) to slide, and the telescopic plate (7) slides to expand the diameter of the inlet hole, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant. The converter assembly (8) is located in the drive cavity (53), and the adjustment plate (9) is symmetrically arranged in the working chamber (51). The adjustment plate (9) has a through hole (91) corresponding to the converter hole (511). When the temperature of the battery pack (4) rises, the converter assembly (8) drives the adjustment plate (9) to center displacement. The center displacement of the adjustment plate (9) reduces the volume of the working chamber (51), thereby pressurizing the coolant and increasing the flow rate of the coolant.

2. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting column (52) is arranged in a hexagonal structure, and the heat-conducting column (52) and the exchange hole (511) are arranged alternately.

3. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter assembly (6) includes shape memory metal (61), reciprocating rack (62), return spring (63), drive plate (64), fixing plate (65) and limit rod (66). One end of the memory metal (61) is fixedly connected to the drive cavity (53), and the other end of the memory metal (61) is connected to the reciprocating rack (62); The reciprocating rack (62) is slidably installed in the drive cavity (53), and the reciprocating rack (62) is connected to the inner wall of the drive cavity (53) by a return spring (63); The drive plate (64) is located below the reciprocating rack (62) and meshes with the reciprocating rack (62); the drive plate (64) is provided with a drive groove (641). A fixing plate (65) is provided on one side of the drive plate (64). The fixing plate (65) is fixedly installed in the drive cavity (53). A limiting groove (531) corresponding to the drive groove (641) is provided on the fixing plate (65). A limiting rod (66) is provided between the drive plate (64) and the fixed plate (65). The two ends of the limiting rod (66) are located in the drive groove (641) and the limiting groove (531) respectively. The limiting rod (66) is fixedly connected to the telescopic plate (7). The telescopic plate (7) has buffer slopes at both ends.

4. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reciprocating rack (62) is provided with a limiting protrusion (621), and the inner wall of the drive cavity (53) is provided with a groove (651) that cooperates with the limiting protrusion (621).

5. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The converter assembly (8) includes a drive rack (81), a transmission wheel (82), a driven rack (83), a push rod (84), a hose (85), a rolling roller (86), and a pull rod (87). The drive rack (81) is located inside the working chamber (51) and below the drive plate (64); a transmission wheel (82) is provided on one side of the drive rack (81). The transmission wheel (82) meshes with the drive rack (81), and a driven rack (83) is provided above the transmission wheel (82). The driven rack (83) is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate (9); One end of the push rod (84) is fixedly connected to the drive rack (81), and the other end of the push rod (84) is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate (9); The regulating plate (9) has a drainage surface (92) at both ends, the through hole (91) is a frustum-shaped structure, and a flexible tube (85) is provided between two adjacent regulating plates (9). The diameter of the middle end of the hose (85) is larger than the diameter of both ends. The middle end of the hose (85) is fixedly installed in the converter hole (511). A rolling roller (86) is provided on one side of the hose (85). The rolling roller (86) is located inside the drive cavity (53) and at the middle end of the hose (85). A pull rod (87) is slidably installed on the rolling roller (86). The pull rod (87) is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate (9).

6. The battery performance estimation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rolling roller (86) is divided into a sliding section (861) and an extrusion section (862); the sliding section (861) is symmetrically provided with engagement holes (8611) for connecting to the pull rod (87); the extrusion section (862) is a hemispherical structure (8621); the hemispherical structure (8621) is provided with an arc surface (8622).

7. A battery performance estimation method, used in the battery performance estimation device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: It includes a data collection module, a data processing unit, a model building module, and an evaluation module; S1. The voltage and current parameters of the battery are monitored in real time by the voltage sensor and current sensor in the collection module, and the data processing unit processes the real-time collected data to identify the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery. S2. A model is built using the model building module to model the battery experimental data. The dynamic characteristics of the battery are simulated and analyzed using data simulation methods. Combined with the battery parameter identification results and digital model, the SOC, SOH and remaining service life of the battery are predicted. S3. Based on the real-time status and performance information of the battery and combined with the optimization algorithm, the battery management strategy is dynamically adjusted. At the same time, the evaluation module uses the battery parameter identification results and historical data to monitor the working status of the battery in real time and accurately diagnose and locate internal battery faults.

8. The estimation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data processing unit uses at least one algorithm selected from Kalman filtering, neural networks, and model predictive control to estimate SOC, SOH, and RUL.

9. The estimation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The model building module uses at least one method selected from equivalent circuit models, electrochemical models, and neural network models to establish a battery electrochemical model.

10. The estimation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The evaluation module includes at least one function selected from the state estimator, prediction algorithm, and fault diagnosis module, for real-time evaluation of battery performance and state.

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