Design method of irregular subarray of microwave wireless energy transmission antenna with multi-angle reception

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for designing irregular subarrays of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna, and relates to the technical field of antenna design. The present invention arranges and combines different types of 4-unit polyominoes according to their irregularity to obtain a filling set including multiple secondary subarray sets, obtains a filling feasible solution set of the design array surface based on the filling set, and constructs a beam collection efficiency optimization model for the multi-receiving area application scenario of microwave wireless energy transmission. The optimal filling scheme of the design array surface is obtained based on the beam collection efficiency optimization model and the filling feasible solution set. The method of the present invention has the characteristics of low cost and high safety, and can be applied to multiple receiving areas, and has broad prospects in engineering applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna design, and in particular relates to a method for designing an irregular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, microwave wireless energy transmission has received widespread attention. Microwave wireless energy transmission systems can power certain specific devices, such as drones, electric vehicles, and solar satellites. Beam Collection Efficiency (BCE) is a common indicator for evaluating the performance of microwave wireless energy transmission systems, which is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated on the aperture of the receiving rectenna to the total transmitted energy of the transmitting antenna. Many studies on antenna arrays focus on optimizing array excitation to achieve high beam collection efficiency. To reduce costs, arrays are usually composed in the form of subarrays. However, uniform arrays with the same subarray shape will have grating lobes when scanning due to the periodic arrangement of the subarrays, which greatly affects the safety and efficiency of the energy transmission system. Irregular modular subarray phased arrays eliminate grating lobes by disrupting the phase center, which has attracted widespread attention.

[0003] For irregular subarray division technology, most scholars focus on the maximum sidelobe level. However, there are relatively few studies in the field of microwave wireless energy transmission, which mainly include the following design ideas: (1) Considering only the beam collection efficiency when the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are facing each other, first obtain the reference excitation that maximizes the BCE, and then use the excitation matching technology to match the subarray feed excitation, so as to maximize the beam collection efficiency when facing each other; (2) Considering the BCE of each receiving area within a certain scanning range, first divide the array based on the generalized BCE convex optimization design, and then perform the feed excitation optimization design based on this division.

[0004] Although the above design provides an irregular sub-array division and feeding excitation design method for the array, each sub-array has different feeding excitation, requiring many active channel types and high cost, which is still difficult to accept in engineering practice. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for designing an irregular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: constructing a filling set using different types of 4-unit polyominoes as secondary sub-arrays, wherein the filling set includes a plurality of secondary sub-array sets;

[0008] Step 2: The designed array is reduced and converted according to a preset ratio to obtain a converted array, wherein the number of array elements of the converted array does not exceed 1000;

[0009] Step 3: obtaining a feasible solution set of filling of the secondary sub-array of the transformation array based on the filling set;

[0010] Step 4: enlarging and restoring the secondary sub-array according to the preset ratio to obtain an enlarged secondary sub-array, and obtaining a feasible solution set of the primary sub-array filling of the enlarged secondary sub-array, wherein the primary sub-array is at least one of a 2-unit polyomino, a 4-unit polyomino, and an 8-unit polyomino;

[0011] Step 5: Construct a beam collection efficiency optimization model for receiving microwave wireless energy at multiple angles;

[0012] Step 6: Obtain the optimal solution for subarray filling of the designed array surface according to the beam collection efficiency optimization model, the feasible solution set for filling the secondary subarray of the converted array surface, and the feasible solution set for filling the primary subarray of the enlarged secondary subarray.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 1 comprises:

[0014] Step 1.1: Determine the irregularity of different types of the 4-unit polyominoes;

[0015] Step 1.2: sorting the different types of 4-unit polyominoes from high to low according to the degree of irregularity;

[0016] Step 1.3: Arrange and combine the sorted 4-unit polyominoes of various types to obtain a plurality of secondary sub-array sets, which constitute the filling set.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 3 comprises:

[0018] Step 3.1: Obtain the partition value range of the conversion array according to the maximum feasible number of solutions filled by the preset regional secondary sub-array;

[0019] Step 3.2: Select the number of partitions from the partition value range according to the engineering requirements, and partition the conversion array using the kmeans clustering method according to the number of partitions to obtain the partition result;

[0020] Step 3.3: According to the filling set and the partitioning result, the DLX algorithm is used to calculate the feasible solution of the secondary sub-array filling of each partition, and the feasible solutions of the secondary sub-array filling of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set of the secondary sub-array filling of the conversion array.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 4 comprises:

[0022] Step 4.1: enlarging and restoring the secondary sub-array of each partition according to the preset ratio to obtain a corresponding enlarged secondary sub-array;

[0023] Step 4.2: The feasible solutions for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of each partition are calculated using the DLX algorithm according to the primary subarrays selected for each partition. The feasible solutions for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 5 comprises:

[0025] Step 5.1: Obtain the radiation array factor of the designed array;

[0026] Step 5.2: Determine the beam collection efficiency of multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area according to the radiation array factor and the shape of the microwave receiving area;

[0027] Step 5.3: Construct a beam collection efficiency optimization model for multi-angle reception of microwave wireless energy transmission based on the beam collection efficiency.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the radiation array factor is expressed as:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, represents the radiation array factor of the designed array, , , is the angular coordinate of the antenna coordinate system, is the azimuth, is the pitch angle, is the number of array elements in the design array, is the number of sub-arrays in the design array, For the The complex excitation of the subarray, Indicates The subarray to which the array element belongs, if the The array element belongs to subarray, then ,otherwise , , is the working wavelength, For the The position coordinates of the array elements, Is an imaginary unit.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the beam collection efficiency and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area are respectively expressed as:

[0032] ;

[0033] ;

[0034] In the formula, represents the beam collection efficiency, Indicates the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area, is the radiated power in the receiving area, is the radiation power in the entire visible space, , when the microwave receiving area is rectangular, , when the microwave receiving area is circular, , are the length and width of the rectangular microwave receiving area, is the radius of the circular microwave receiving area, , , is the scanning azimuth, is the scanning elevation angle.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the beam collection efficiency optimization model is a first optimization model or a second optimization model, wherein:

[0036] The first optimization model is expressed as:

[0037] ;

[0038] The second optimization model is expressed as:

[0039] ;

[0040] In the formula, represents minimization, To design the optimal solution for filling the sub-array of the array, is the number of receiving areas.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The irregular subarray design method of the multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna of the present invention obtains a filling set including multiple secondary subarray sets by arranging and combining according to the irregularity degree of different types of 4-unit polyominoes, and obtains a filling feasible solution set of the designed array surface based on the filling set. For the multi-receiving area application scenario of microwave wireless energy transmission, a beam collection efficiency optimization model is constructed, and the optimal filling scheme of the designed array surface is obtained according to the beam collection efficiency optimization model and the filling feasible solution set. The method of the present invention has the characteristics of low cost and high safety, and can be applied to multiple receiving areas, and has broad prospects in engineering applications.

[0043] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following specifically cites a preferred embodiment and describes it in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for designing an irregular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the irregularity of different types of 4-unit polyominoes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of filling a primary sub-array and a secondary sub-array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an array arrangement of an irregular sub-array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of multi-angle reception of microwave wireless energy transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a partition result provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of an optimal solution for designing sub-array filling of an array surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following is a detailed description of a method for designing an irregular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna proposed by the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0052] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are clearly presented in the following detailed description of the specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Through the description of the specific implementation modes, the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood. However, the attached drawings are only for reference and explanation purposes and are not used to limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna. Figure 1 , Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0054] Step 1: construct a filling set using different types of 4-unit polyominoes as secondary sub-arrays, the filling set including multiple secondary sub-array sets;

[0055] Step 2: The designed array is reduced and converted according to a preset ratio to obtain a converted array, wherein the number of array elements of the converted array does not exceed 1000;

[0056] Step 3: Based on the filling set, obtain the secondary sub-array filling feasible solution set of the transformation array;

[0057] Step 4: enlarge and restore the secondary sub-array according to a preset ratio to obtain an enlarged secondary sub-array, and obtain a feasible solution set of the primary sub-array filling of the enlarged secondary sub-array, wherein the primary sub-array is at least one of a 2-unit polyomino, a 4-unit polyomino, and an 8-unit polyomino;

[0058] Step 5: Construct a beam collection efficiency optimization model for receiving microwave wireless energy at multiple angles;

[0059] Step 6: According to the beam collection efficiency optimization model, the feasible solution set of the secondary subarray filling of the conversion array and the feasible solution set of the primary subarray filling of the expanded secondary subarray, the optimal solution of the subarray filling of the designed array is obtained.

[0060] The irregular subarray design method of the multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna in the embodiment of the present invention obtains a filling set including multiple secondary subarray sets by arranging and combining different types of 4-unit polyominoes according to the irregularity degree, and obtains a filling feasible solution set of the designed array surface based on the filling set. For the multi-receiving area application scenario of microwave wireless energy transmission, a beam collection efficiency optimization model is constructed, and the optimal filling scheme of the designed array surface is obtained according to the beam collection efficiency optimization model and the filling feasible solution set. The method has the characteristics of low cost and high safety, and can be applied to multiple receiving areas, and has broad prospects in engineering applications.

[0061] Furthermore, the design method of the irregular sub-array of the multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna of this embodiment is described in detail.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, step 1 includes:

[0063] Step 1.1: Determine the degree of irregularity of the different types of 4-unit polyominoes.

[0064] There are five different types of 4-unit polyominoes with different irregularities, and the irregularity is closely related to the array pattern performance. In this embodiment, five different types of 4-unit polyominoes are used as secondary sub-arrays.

[0065] Step 1.2: Sort the different types of 4-unit polyominoes in order of their irregularity from high to low.

[0066] In this embodiment, the irregularity of five different types of 4-unit polyominoes is sorted based on symmetry, and the irregularity is recorded from high to low as follows: , a schematic diagram of the irregularity of different types of 4-unit polyominoes is shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0067] Step 1.3: Arrange and combine the sorted 4-unit polyominoes of various types to obtain multiple secondary sub-array sets, and the multiple secondary sub-array sets constitute a filling set.

[0068] In this embodiment, five types of 4-unit polyominoes are arranged and combined in a sequence in the form of one, two, three, four and five combinations to obtain 31 secondary subarray sets. , 31 secondary subarray sets are combined to form a filling set In this embodiment, the fill set can be expressed as:

[0069] .

[0070] In an optional embodiment, in step 2, for a design array surface with the number of array elements not exceeding 1000, the preset ratio can be set to 1, i.e., no reduction conversion is performed on such design array surface; the preset ratio can also be not set to 1, i.e., such design array surface is further reduced.

[0071] Exemplarily, for example, a 24×24 design array is reduced and converted at a preset ratio B=2 to obtain a 12×12 conversion array. Of course, it is also possible not to reduce it, that is, the preset ratio B=1, and the obtained conversion array is still 24×24.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, step 3 may include the following steps:

[0073] Step 3.1: According to the maximum number of feasible solutions filled with the preset regional secondary sub-array, the partition value range of the transformation array is obtained.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of partitions of the design array is selected, and the kmeans clustering method is used to partition the design array according to the selected number of partitions, and then the DLX (Dancing Line X) algorithm is used to calculate the feasible solution of filling the secondary sub-array of each partition. Due to the limitation of computer memory, it is necessary to limit the maximum number of feasible solutions for filling the regional secondary sub-array. In this embodiment, the maximum number of feasible solutions for filling the regional secondary sub-array is set to K. Then, under the restriction of the maximum number of feasible solutions K for filling the regional secondary sub-array, the minimum number of partitions of the conversion array can be obtained according to the following calculation model: and the maximum number of partitions :

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] in, Indicates The feasible solution of filling the secondary sub-matrix of the partitions is Indicates The number of feasible solutions for filling the secondary sub-matrix of the partitions, Indicates the number of partitions.

[0078] Step 3.2: Select the number of partitions from the partition value range according to the project requirements. Based on the number of partitions, use the kmeans clustering method to partition the transformation array to obtain the partition result.

[0079] In this embodiment, the number of partitions is selected according to the engineering requirements. Needs to be satisfied .

[0080] In this embodiment, the kmeans clustering method is used to partition the conversion array. That is, by minimizing the difference between the sub-array BCE and the reference BCE, the sub-array partitioning problem can be simplified to an excitation matching problem. The kmeans clustering method can obtain the optimal partitioning scheme and amplitude excitation distribution under the premise of a given number of partitions as the partitioning result of the conversion array.

[0081] Step 3.3: According to the filling set and the partitioning results, the DLX algorithm is used to calculate the feasible solution of the secondary sub-array filling of each partition. The feasible solutions of the secondary sub-array filling of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set of the secondary sub-array filling of the transformation array.

[0082] In this embodiment, the process of using the DLX algorithm to solve the feasible solution for filling the secondary sub-array of each partition is as follows:

[0083] In determining the filling set Based on this, we construct a dictionary matrix , Represents all possible distributions of the secondary sub-arrays in the secondary sub-array set in the filling area. Each row represents a distribution of the secondary sub-array in the filling area, and each column represents a cell in the filling area. , indicating that the first The cell belongs to Second-level sub-array distribution; otherwise, fill the area cells do not belong to The second-level sub-matrix is ​​distributed. In the dictionary matrix Under the description of Select several rows whose sum is exactly the vector of all 1s. Then, use the DLX algorithm to solve the selection vector X, which is a feasible solution. The DLX algorithm can find all the selection vectors X , the vector satisfies , Represents matrix transpose.

[0084] It should be noted that when the filling area of ​​a partition cannot be filled, that is, the DLX algorithm outputs no solution, a relaxed array element is introduced into the array surface of this partition, and the above filling process is performed again until a feasible solution is output.

[0085] In this embodiment, the feasible solution set of the secondary sub-array filling of the transformation array can be expressed as , is the number of partitions.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, step 4 may include the following steps:

[0087] Step 4.1: The secondary sub-array of each partition is enlarged and restored according to a preset ratio to obtain a corresponding enlarged secondary sub-array.

[0088] Step 4.2: The feasible solutions for filling the first subarray of the enlarged second subarray of each partition are calculated using the DLX algorithm according to the first subarray selected in each partition. The feasible solutions for filling the first subarray of the enlarged second subarray of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set for filling the first subarray of the enlarged second subarray.

[0089] In this embodiment, the expanded secondary sub-array can be regarded as a filling area. Then, based on the primary sub-array, the DLX algorithm can be used again to solve the feasible solution of the primary sub-array filling of the expanded secondary sub-array. The feasible solution set of the primary sub-array filling of the expanded secondary sub-array can be expressed as , is the number of partitions, The sum of the number of categories of the secondary sub-arrays filled for all partitions.

[0090] It should be noted that the primary sub-array selected by each partition to fill and expand the secondary sub-array can be at least one of 2-unit polyominoes, 4-unit polyominoes and 8-unit polyominoes, and there is no limitation here.

[0091] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of filling the primary sub-array and the secondary sub-array provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the secondary sub-array includes Figure 2 For the five types shown, the secondary sub-array is enlarged and restored according to a preset ratio to obtain a corresponding enlarged secondary sub-array, and the enlarged secondary sub-array is filled with the primary sub-array.

[0092] It should be noted that for each partition of the conversion array, the expanded secondary sub-array after being expanded and restored according to a preset ratio is relatively regular, so the primary sub-array that fills the expanded secondary sub-array may not be limited to 4-unit polyominoes, but may also be 2-unit polyominoes or 8-unit polyominoes.

[0093] It is worth noting that when the preset ratio is 1, that is, the size of the conversion array is consistent with the design array, then the expanded secondary sub-array is consistent with the secondary sub-array. For this, the primary sub-array filled by the expanded secondary sub-array is itself.

[0094] In an optional embodiment, step 5 includes:

[0095] Step 5.1: Obtain the radiation array factor of the designed array.

[0096] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an array arrangement of irregular sub-arrays provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, for For a planar phased array with precise coverage of sub-arrays, the radiation array factor of the array surface is expressed as:

[0097] ;

[0098] In the formula, represents the radiation array factor of the designed array, , , is the angular coordinate of the antenna coordinate system, is the azimuth, is the pitch angle, is the number of array elements in the design array, is the number of sub-arrays in the design array, For the The complex excitation of the subarray, Indicates The subarray to which the array element belongs, if the The array element belongs to subarray, that is ,but ,otherwise , , is the working wavelength, For the The position coordinates of the array elements, Is an imaginary unit.

[0099] In this embodiment, for the array surface filled with irregular sub-arrays, different filling methods have different and , for a given reference array , It can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0100] ;

[0101] In the formula, is the first The complex excitation of the array elements, where The amplitude excitation distribution in is determined when partitioning using the kmeans clustering method. The phase excitation distribution in is given by After the array filling method is determined, the filling structure and phase distribution of the array are represented. It was also determined.

[0102] Step 5.2: Determine the beam collection efficiency of multi-angle reception of microwave wireless energy and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area based on the radiation array factor and the shape of the microwave receiving area.

[0103] In this embodiment, the beam collection efficiency and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area are respectively expressed as:

[0104] ;

[0105] ;

[0106] In the formula, represents the beam collection efficiency, Indicates the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area, is the radiated power in the receiving area, is the radiation power in the entire visible space, , when the microwave receiving area is rectangular, , when the microwave receiving area is circular, , are the length and width of the rectangular microwave receiving area, is the radius of the circular microwave receiving area, , , is the scanning azimuth, is the scanning elevation angle.

[0107] Step 5.3: Construct a beam collection efficiency optimization model for multi-angle reception of microwave wireless energy transmission based on the beam collection efficiency.

[0108] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of receiving microwave wireless energy transmission at multiple angles provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, in a microwave wireless energy transmission system, there is usually a transmitting antenna and multiple receiving areas at different angles. The receiving area is the main receiving area, and the area facing the transmitting and receiving antennas is the main receiving area. The receiving area is the secondary receiving area. After partitioning the conversion array according to the selected number of partitions and filling each partition respectively, the feasible solution set of the secondary sub-array filling has ensured that the BCE of the main receiving area is maximized. Then, the beam collection efficiency optimization model that can receive microwave wireless energy at multiple angles only needs to ensure The BCEs of the secondary receiving areas are all large or the sum of the BCEs is the largest.

[0109] In this embodiment, the beam collection efficiency optimization model can be a first optimization model, that is, ensuring The BCE of each secondary receiving area is large or the second optimization model, that is, to ensure that the sum of BCE is maximized, where:

[0110] The first optimization model is expressed as:

[0111] ;

[0112] The second optimization model is expressed as:

[0113] ;

[0114] In the formula, represents minimization, To design the optimal solution for filling the sub-array of the array, Indicates the number of receiving areas.

[0115] Optionally, the GWO (Grey Wolf Optimizer) intelligent algorithm can be used to find the optimal solution for sub-array filling of the designed array surface in the obtained feasible filling solution set to optimize the beam collection efficiency.

[0116] In this embodiment, when the preset ratio is 1, the GWO intelligent algorithm can be used to fill the feasible solution set in the secondary sub-array of the conversion array. Find the optimal solution for filling the subarray of the designed array , which can be expressed as ,in, .

[0117] When the preset ratio is not 1, the optimization variables in the optimization model are divided into two parts: one is the feasible solution of filling the secondary sub-array of each partition of the conversion array, and the other is the feasible solution of expanding the secondary sub-array to be filled by the primary sub-array. That is, the feasible solution set of filling the secondary sub-array of the conversion array using the GWO intelligent algorithm is And expand the feasible solution set of the first sub-array filling of the second sub-array Find the optimal solution for filling the subarray of the designed array , It can be expressed as ,in, , .

[0118] Furthermore, the design method and effect of the irregular subarray of the multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna of this embodiment are explained through specific simulation experiments.

[0119] 1. Simulation parameters

[0120] The antenna is designed to have a square aperture, an operating frequency of 5.8 GHz, and a side length of , the unit spacing is half wavelength, the number of array elements is 20×20, and the receiving area size is: , . Main receiving area angle: , Secondary receiving area angle: , , , , , , , .

[0121] 2. Simulation content and results

[0122] First, the preset ratio is taken as 1, that is, no conversion is performed. In order to ensure the maximum BCE in the main receiving area, the reference BCE excitation distribution is taken as the maximum BCE amplitude excitation obtained by the generalized eigenvalue method;

[0123] Secondly, determine the maximum number of acceptable feasible solutions to be 1,000,000 and find the minimum number of partitions and the maximum number of partitions ;

[0124] Again, find the number of partitions The partitioning schemes of 4, 5, and 6 and the solution sets for each partition are filled and substituted into the beam collection efficiency optimization model for solution. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0125] Table 1

[0126]

[0127] Apart from hour, Angle CSL = -12.9692dB, greater than -15dB, and the highest level in all other areas is below -15dB, which fully meets the safety requirements. hour, The angle BCE is 56.31%, which is lower than 60%, while the BCE of other receiving areas is above 60%. The average BCE values ​​of 4, 5, and 6 are 77.412%, 80.628%, and 80.742%, respectively. There are only 4, 5, and 6 active channel types, respectively. As the number of active channel types increases, the performance increases accordingly. From the results, it can be found that the method of the present invention can effectively design a high BCE, high security, and low-cost transmit antenna array arrangement.

[0128] Number of partitions For the partitioning scheme of the array, please refer to Figure 6 The schematic diagram of a partition result provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the amplitude excitations corresponding to the partition divisions are [0.9203, 0.7199, 0.5297, 0.3425, 0.1838] respectively. For the optimal solution of filling the array subarrays at this time, please refer to Figure 7The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an optimal solution for designing sub-array filling of an array surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "include", "comprise" or any other variant is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the elements. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The orientation or position relationship indicated by "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0130] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna, characterized in that: include: Step 1: constructing a filling set using different types of 4-unit polyominoes as secondary sub-arrays, wherein the filling set includes a plurality of secondary sub-array sets; Step 2: The designed array is reduced and converted according to a preset ratio to obtain a converted array, wherein the number of array elements of the converted array does not exceed 1000; Step 3: obtaining a feasible solution set of filling of the secondary sub-array of the transformation array based on the filling set; Step 4: enlarging and restoring the secondary sub-array according to the preset ratio to obtain an enlarged secondary sub-array, and obtaining a feasible solution set of the primary sub-array filling of the enlarged secondary sub-array, wherein the primary sub-array is at least one of a 2-unit polyomino, a 4-unit polyomino, and an 8-unit polyomino; Step 5: Constructing a beam collection efficiency optimization model for receiving microwave wireless energy at multiple angles; Step 5 includes: Step 5.1: Obtain the radiation array factor of the designed array; Step 5.2: Determine the beam collection efficiency of multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area according to the radiation array factor and the shape of the microwave receiving area; Step 5.3: constructing a beam collection efficiency optimization model for receiving microwave wireless energy at multiple angles according to the beam collection efficiency; Step 6: Obtain the optimal solution for subarray filling of the designed array surface according to the beam collection efficiency optimization model, the feasible solution set for filling the secondary subarray of the converted array surface, and the feasible solution set for filling the primary subarray of the enlarged secondary subarray.

2. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 1 comprises: Step 1.1: Determine the irregularity of different types of the 4-unit polyominoes; Step 1.2: sorting the different types of 4-unit polyominoes from high to low according to the degree of irregularity; Step 1.3: Arrange and combine the sorted 4-unit polyominoes of various types to obtain a plurality of secondary sub-array sets, which constitute the filling set.

3. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 comprises: Step 3.1: Obtain the partition value range of the conversion array according to the maximum feasible number of solutions filled by the preset regional secondary sub-array; Step 3.2: Select the number of partitions from the partition value range according to the engineering requirements, and partition the conversion array using the kmeans clustering method according to the number of partitions to obtain the partition result; Step 3.3: According to the filling set and the partitioning result, the DLX algorithm is used to calculate the feasible solution of the secondary sub-array filling of each partition, and the feasible solutions of the secondary sub-array filling of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set of the secondary sub-array filling of the conversion array.

4. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step 4 comprises: Step 4.1: enlarging and restoring the secondary sub-array of each partition according to the preset ratio to obtain a corresponding enlarged secondary sub-array; Step 4.2: The feasible solutions for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of each partition are calculated using the DLX algorithm according to the primary subarrays selected for each partition. The feasible solutions for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of all partitions constitute the feasible solution set for filling the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays.

5. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation array factor is expressed as: Where AF(u,v) represents the radiation array factor of the designed array. is the angular coordinate of the antenna coordinate system, is the azimuth angle, θ is the elevation angle, N is the number of array elements in the designed array, M is the number of sub-arrays in the designed array, ω m is the complex excitation of the mth subarray, c n Indicates the sub-matrix to which the n-th array element belongs. If the n-th array element belongs to the m-th sub-matrix, then otherwise k=2π / λ, λ is the working wavelength, (x n ,y n ) is the position coordinate of the nth array element, and j is the imaginary unit.

6. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The beam collection efficiency and the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area are expressed as: Where BCE is the beam collection efficiency, PRL (dB) is the maximum radiation level outside the receiving area, and P Ψ is the radiation power in the receiving area, P Ω is the radiation power in the entire visible space, Ω={(u,v)|(u 2 +v 2 )≤1}, when the microwave receiving area is rectangular, Ψ={(u,v)||uu s |≤u0,|vv s |≤v0}, when the microwave receiving area is circular, u0, v0 are the length and width of the rectangular microwave receiving area, r0 is the radius of the circular microwave receiving area, is the scanning azimuth, θ s is the scanning elevation angle.

7. The method for designing a non-regular subarray of a multi-angle receiving microwave wireless energy transmission antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The beam collection efficiency optimization model is a first optimization model or a second optimization model, wherein: The first optimization model is expressed as: The second optimization model is expressed as: In the formula, Min. means minimization, is the optimal solution for filling the sub-array of the design array, and P is the number of receiving areas.

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