Instruction processing system, quantum control system, and quantum computer

Abstract

The application discloses an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer, and is used for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for operating a quantum bit. The instruction processing system comprises a communication module configured to receive waveform parameter instructions sent by an upper computer; wherein the waveform parameter instructions comprise a first parameter, a second parameter and a waveform coefficient of a rising edge and a falling edge of the pulse signal; a preset parameter configuration module configured to configure the first parameter and the second parameter; and a waveform data generation module configured to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient. The application generates the waveform data of the pulse signal by using the waveform parameter instructions in the lower computer, and can solve the problems that the waveform data of the pulse signal is large, the waveform data is downloaded to the lower computer to occupy the memory, the transmission is slow and the computing efficiency of the quantum computation is affected, and the computing efficiency of the quantum computation can be greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular to an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer. BACKGROUND

[0002] A quantum chip is a core component for running quantum computing, and a plurality of qubits are integrated on the quantum chip, such as spin qubits on a semiconductor quantum chip. Among them, a direct current signal and a pulse signal are used to control the spin qubits, and a radio frequency signal is used to measure the spin qubits.

[0003] When a pulse signal is used to control a two-qubit gate of a spin qubit, the accuracy requirement of the pulse signal is very high, and the pulse period is usually in nanoseconds, for example, a pulse signal period less than 100 ns. In addition, when a pulse signal is used to perform a CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiment on a spin qubit, the accuracy requirement of the waveform is relatively low, and the pulse length is usually in milliseconds; that is, the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large.

[0004] It can be found that when a conductor quantum chip is controlled and measured, various pulse signals are applied, and the pulse amplitudes and pulse periods of the pulse signals are different, and specific needs are determined according to the quantum computing task to be executed. In a quantum computing task, a plurality of different high-precision pulse signals need to be applied to the spin qubits; and in order to ensure the accuracy of the results of the quantum computing task, the control is usually repeated several thousand or even tens of thousands of times, and the time intervals of the repeated operations are also different; in the specific control, all the control pulse signals are combined into a combined pulse signal and applied to the spin qubits for control.

[0005] In the prior art, an upper computer usually receives a quantum computing task, determines the waveform of the pulse signal to be applied to each spin qubit according to the quantum computing task, and downloads the waveform data to a lower computer for storage in the lower computer, and the lower computer outputs the corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data; wherein the lower computer usually uses a quantum control system. As described above, the pulse signals for controlling the qubits are various, and the waveform parameters of each pulse signal are also different, and each waveform parameter needs to be downloaded; and some waveforms are combined pulse signals, and the data amount of the waveform is very large, which is very time-consuming when downloading and occupies a lot of memory when stored in the quantum control system.

[0006] In addition, the waveform data is pre-stored and cannot be adjusted in real time. When the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the host computer needs to update the waveform data of the pulse signal and reissue it to the lower computer. Moreover, the time for data issuance directly reduces the computing efficiency of quantum computing. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer to solve the problem that the large amount of waveform data of the pulse signal occupies memory and transmission is slow when issued to the lower computer, affecting the computing efficiency of quantum computing, and to greatly improve the computing efficiency of quantum computing.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present application provides an instruction processing system for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, comprising:

[0009] A communication module is configured to receive a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer, wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes a first parameter, a second parameter, and waveform coefficients of rising and falling edges of the pulse signal.

[0010] A preset parameter configuration module is configured to configure the first parameter and the second parameter, wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude matching a sampling point, and the second parameter is an amplitude of a high level of the pulse signal.

[0011] A waveform data generation module is configured to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter, and the waveform coefficients.

[0012] The instruction processing system described above preferably comprises a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module.

[0013] The first parameter configuration module is configured to configure the first parameter.

[0014] The second parameter configuration module is configured to configure the second parameter.

[0015] The instruction processing system described above preferably further comprises an instruction distribution module configured to send the first parameter, the second parameter, and the waveform coefficients to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module, and the waveform data generation module, respectively.

[0016] The instruction processing system described above preferably comprises waveform coefficients including starting amplitudes, amplitude increments, and total amounts of waveform data of rising and falling edges of the pulse signal.

[0017] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module is configured to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a nanosecond-level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

[0018] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform coefficient comprises the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform.

[0019] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module is configured to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

[0020] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module outputs a first amount of waveform data per clock cycle, wherein the first amount is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module.

[0021] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module is further configured to pad waveform data with the first parameter to the first amount in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of waveform data.

[0022] The instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module, and the waveform data generation module are functional modules integrated in the FPGA.

[0023] The second aspect of the present application provides a quantum control system comprising the instruction processing system, the host computer system, and the signal generation system as described above.

[0024] The host computer system is configured to receive a quantum computing task and issue a corresponding waveform parameter instruction.

[0025] The instruction processing system is configured to output waveform data of a pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction.

[0026] The signal generation system is configured to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0027] The third aspect of the present application provides a quantum computer comprising the quantum control system and a quantum processor as described above, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum computing based on the pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the instruction processing system provided by the application is used for manipulating spin quantum bits on a semiconductor quantum processor, a host computer sends parameters of a wave pulse signal waveform in the form of a waveform parameter instruction to a communication module, the communication module forwards first parameters and second parameters in the waveform parameter instruction to a preset parameter configuration module for configuration, and forwards waveform coefficients of rising edges and falling edges of the pulse signal to a waveform data generation module; the preset parameter configuration module sends to the waveform data generation module after configuration is completed, and the waveform data generation module generates waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the configured first parameters, second parameters and waveform coefficients. By generating waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform is avoided to be sent by the host computer, the data amount sent by the host computer module is greatly reduced, and the quantum computing efficiency is improved.

[0029] The quantum control system and the quantum computer provided by the application belong to the same application concept as the instruction processing system, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described herein again. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined pulse waveform provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another combined pulse waveform provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a composition of an instruction processing system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided by an embodiment of the application Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided by an embodiment of the application corresponding to a rising edge

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by another data generation module provided by an embodiment of the application corresponding to a rising edge Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by another data generation module provided by an embodiment of the application corresponding to a rising edge Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided by an embodiment of the application Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0039] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of waveform data completion by a data generation module provided by an embodiment of the present application

[0040] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a quantum control system provided by an embodiment of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] 1 - host computer system, 2 - instruction processing system, 3 - signal generation system;

[0043] 10 - communication module, 20 - preset parameter configuration module, 30 - waveform data generation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will be more apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are very simplified and use non-precise proportions, only to facilitate, clarify the purpose of assisting the description of the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0046] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] A quantum computer generally includes a quantum processor and a quantum control system that manipulates and measures the quantum processor to complete a quantum computing task. At present, quantum processors can be divided into superconducting series, semiconductor series, ion well series, optical system, etc. according to their physical principles.

[0048] In semiconductor quantum computers, multiple spin qubits are integrated on the quantum processor. Typically, a DC signal is applied to the quantum processor to form a spin qubit, and a pulse signal is used to manipulate two adjacent spin qubits so that a two-bit gate operation can be performed between the two spin qubits. The fidelity of the two-bit gate operation is closely related to the pulse response time of the applied pulse signal, which requires that the periods of the rising and falling edges of the applied pulse signal be very short, usually on the order of nanoseconds.

[0049] Furthermore, when using pulse signals to conduct experiments on spin qubits, such as performing CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments, the precision requirements for the waveform are relatively low, and the pulse duration is typically in the millisecond range; that is, the rise and fall edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large. Moreover, to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a single combined pulse signal and applied to the spin qubit, and the manipulation results are then tested; as you can imagine, the waveform data of the combined pulse signal is extremely large.

[0050] Pulse signals are typically output from a signal source, signal generator, or quantum control system. The waveform data of the pulse signal depends on the quantum computing task to be performed and is usually sent by a host computer. When a spin qubit performs a complex quantum computing task, several pulse signals with different signal parameters need to be continuously applied to the same spin qubit. When repeated manipulation is required, the same pulse signal needs to be continuously applied to the same spin qubit. Regardless of whether the signal parameters of the pulse signals are the same, for several pulse signals, the waveforms of the several pulse signals are usually spliced ​​into a combined pulse waveform in the host computer, and the combined pulse waveform is sent to the quantum control system. The quantum control system then outputs the specific pulse signal based on the waveform data of the combined pulse waveform.

[0051] As attached Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform shown represents the pulse signal used to perform a two-bit gate operation on a spin qubit. The pulse response times for the rising and falling edges are extremely short, typically on the nanosecond scale, and the slope is very steep. The horizontal axis represents pulse time, and the vertical axis represents pulse amplitude. The pulse time and pulse amplitude correspond one-to-one, forming numerous waveform data. (See attached image.) Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform in the system consists of several pulse signals with different amplitudes and durations, and the time intervals between these pulse signals are also different. As you can imagine, the complexity of the combined pulse waveform is extremely high. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all the waveform data to the quantum measurement and control system.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 The diagram shows a combined pulse waveform, representing the pulse signal during CPMG and RB experiments on a spin qubit. The pulse response times for the rising and falling edges are very long, typically in the millisecond range, and the slope is very gentle. The horizontal axis represents pulse time, and the vertical axis represents pulse amplitude. The pulse time and pulse amplitude correspond one-to-one, forming numerous waveform data. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 The combined pulse waveform consists of two pulse signal waveforms, which can be understood as performing two repeated experiments on the spin qubit. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all waveform data to the quantum control system, which then outputs the corresponding pulse signal based on all the waveform data.

[0053] It is conceivable that the waveform of the pulse signal sent by the host computer, regardless of whether it is attached... Figure 1 Still attached Figure 2 The complexity and quantity of its waveform data are enormous. Moreover, when it is necessary to optimize one pulse waveform in the combined pulse waveform, the pulse waveform needs to be updated and the updated combined pulse waveform needs to be reissued, which greatly affects the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0054] It should be noted that the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The example combined pulse waveform is for illustrative purposes only. The specific parameters and waveform data of the applied single pulse signal and the combined pulse waveform need to be determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0055] Continue as attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown in the pulse signal waveform, it can be observed that the pulse signal waveform data generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform data of the rising and falling edges, and the amplitude of the high level. Among them, the amplitudes of the low level and the high level are fixed values, while the waveform data of the rising and falling edges are generally linear. The correspondence between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal can be characterized by coefficients, that is, the waveform data of the rising and falling edges are both represented by coefficients, and the coefficients of the rising and falling edges are inversely related.

[0056] As attached Figure 3As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, an instruction processing system is proposed for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for operating a spin quantum bit, comprising: a communication module 10 for receiving waveform parameter instructions sent by an upper computer; wherein the waveform parameter instructions comprise a first parameter, a second parameter, and waveform coefficients of rising and falling edges of the pulse signal; a preset parameter configuration module 20 for configuring the first parameter and the second parameter; wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude of a matching sampling point, and the second parameter is an amplitude of a high level of the pulse signal; and a waveform data generation module 30 for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter, and the waveform coefficients.

[0057] Specifically, the upper computer receives a quantum computing task started by a user, and analyzes the quantum computing task to obtain corresponding task instructions, wherein the task instructions are used to control the quantum measurement and control system to output a plurality of pulse control signals to the spin quantum bit, and the spin quantum bit executes a specific quantum computing task. The communication module 10 is a functional module integrated in the lower computer, receives the waveform parameter instructions sent by the upper computer and forwards them to the waveform data generation module 30, which generates waveform data of a complete cycle of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instructions and outputs them. Therefore, the waveform parameter instructions include parameter information of the pulse signal, such as waveform coefficients of rising and falling edges, amplitudes of high levels, and preset amplitudes of waveform data for matching the number of sampling points of the waveform data generation module 30. According to these information, the waveform data of a complete cycle of the pulse signal can be determined.

[0058] The waveform data generation module 30 generates and outputs waveform data of a complete cycle of the pulse signal, and the digital-to-analog conversion module outputs a specific pulse signal, such as a DAC, according to the waveform data. In a working clock cycle, the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30 needs to match the number of sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module. It can be imagined that the amount of waveform data of different pulse signals is different, and when the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30 does not match the number of sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module, a corresponding number of sampling points need to be matched after the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30, and the amplitudes of the matched sampling points are preset amplitudes. According to the number of waveform data, it is selected whether to match a corresponding number of sampling points, thereby improving the integrity and accuracy of the waveform data.

[0059] For the combined signal including a plurality of pulse signal waveforms, the host computer issues a waveform parameter instruction of each pulse signal; when the plurality of pulse signal waveforms are the same, the waveform parameter instruction includes the waveform repetition number and the signal interval; when the plurality of pulse signal waveforms are different, the waveform parameter instruction includes the waveform coefficients of each waveform. Compared with the prior art in which the host computer needs to issue all waveform data of the combined waveform, the waveform parameter instruction greatly reduces the data issuing time and improves the efficiency of quantum computing; in addition, it can also avoid pre-storing all waveform data in the slave computer to occupy a large amount of memory.

[0060] It should be noted that the above-mentioned attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The waveform is taken as an example of a pulse signal in a trapezoidal waveform, which includes a rising edge, a falling edge, and a high level state, wherein the waveform coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge are in opposite directions. For a trapezoidal waveform, the waveform parameter instruction contains the waveform coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge and the fixed amplitude of the high level, and different waveform coefficients correspond to pulse signals with different pulse periods. Moreover, when the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the waveform parameter instruction issued can be adjusted, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0061] When the configuration module is used to configure the parameters in the waveform parameter instruction, the preset parameter configuration module includes a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module; the first parameter configuration module is used to configure the first parameter; and the second parameter configuration module is used to configure the second parameter. The waveform data generation module generates waveform data of a plurality of different pulse signals, and when the number of sampling points in the last working clock period is not enough, the waveform data with a uniform amplitude is usually supplemented, which is not affected by the pulse signal and the quantum computing task, and a fixed preset amplitude can be used.

[0062] For the pulse signal applied to the spin quantum bit, the amplitude of the high level of the pulse signal of different two-bit gates or different experiments is different, which needs to be determined according to the quantum computing task, so the second parameter needs to be set correspondingly. The first parameter configuration module and the second parameter configuration module are used to configure the first parameter and the second parameter respectively and send them to the waveform data generation module, which is used to generate waveform data of pulse signals with various parameter requirements; different functional modules are used to configure different types of parameters respectively, which improves the parameter configuration efficiency and further improves the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0063] Further, the instruction processing system further comprises an instruction distribution module configured to send the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module respectively. Specifically, the waveform parameter instruction received by the communication module comprises a plurality of types of parameters, wherein the waveform coefficient is a main parameter for generating waveform data of a complete period of the pulse signal, a plurality of waveform data with continuous amplitudes need to be generated according to the waveform coefficient to form the waveform of the rising edge and the falling edge; the second parameter is the amplitude of the high level of each pulse signal, which is determined according to the quantum computing task, and the first parameter is a preset amplitude, which can be set arbitrarily. The first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are configured to configure the parameters contained in the waveform parameter instruction respectively, and the instruction distribution module is configured to forward the parameters according to the types of the parameters in the waveform parameter instruction, thereby improving the working efficiency of each functional module and further improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present application, the waveform coefficient comprises a starting amplitude, an amplitude increment and a total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal. Specifically, for the signal parameters of each pulse signal to be applied to the spin qubit, the host computer determines the starting amplitude, the amplitude of the high level and the amplitude increment of each pulse signal according to the quantum computing task when receiving the task, wherein the amplitude of each waveform data is increasing in the rising edge phase, and different pulse signal waveforms can be determined according to the amplitude increment between the waveform data of adjacent two signal waveforms.

[0065] The host computer determines the total amount of waveform data contained in the rising edge waveform according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude of the high level and the amplitude increment, and sends the total amount of waveform data to the waveform data generation module, which generates a corresponding number of waveform data. For example, the starting amplitude is 0mv, the amplitude increment is 10mv, and the amplitude of the high level is 2000mv, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge is 200. The waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in each clock cycle according to the working clock frequency, and outputs a total of 200 waveform data, which can ensure that the amplitude of the high level is 2000mv.

[0066] The starting amplitude of the rising edge, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge are determined in the host computer and sent to the waveform data generation module together, and the waveform data generation module outputs a corresponding number of waveform data according to the starting amplitude and the amplitude increment when generating the waveform data, and the amplitude of the last waveform data is the amplitude of the high level of the rising edge when a corresponding total number of waveform data is outputted, thereby avoiding time-consuming and laborious operations on the amplitude of the high level in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, and improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0067] When the host computer determines the amplitude increment of the rising edge of the pulse signal waveform, it does so based on the pulse period of the rising edge of the applied pulse signal. A shorter pulse period results in a larger amplitude increment. The waveform data generation module has a working clock cycle, and the amount of waveform data output in each working clock cycle is fixed.

[0068] When the waveform parameter instruction includes the initial amplitude, amplitude increment, and total waveform data, the waveform data generation module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a nanosecond-level pulse signal based on the initial amplitude, amplitude increment, and total waveform data of the rising and falling edges. When generating waveform data in the waveform data generation module, the specific amplitude of each waveform data is determined based on the initial amplitude, amplitude increment, and current total waveform data. Specifically, the amplitude of the waveform data at the rising edge increases linearly, and the amplitudes of two adjacent waveform data have increments. For each waveform data, the amplitude increments are sequentially superimposed. For example, the second waveform data is the sum of the initial amplitude and the amplitude increment, and the third waveform data is the sum of the second waveform data and the amplitude increment. It is understood that the waveform data of the falling edge of the pulse signal can also be obtained in the same way, which will not be elaborated further in this embodiment.

[0069] As attached Figure 4 The waveform data generation module shown outputs waveform data. The left column, numbered 1-10, indicates that the module outputs 10 waveform data points within a single clock cycle. The right four columns represent the waveform data output by the module. The first column, numbered 10, represents the initial amplitude, with an amplitude increment of 10. The total number of waveform data points sent from the host computer is 35, corresponding to a final amplitude of 350. Adjusting the amplitude increment allows for adjustment of the rising edge pulse period.

[0070] As attached Figure 5 The waveform data output by the waveform data generation module shown is the rising edge waveform data. The three diagonal lines correspond to different amplitude increments. Combined with the attached... Figure 4 It can be observed that by setting and changing the amplitude increment, the rising edge of different pulse periods can be achieved, thus meeting the manipulation requirements of spin qubits.

[0071] It should be noted that the amplitude of linearly superimposed waveform data can be represented by a linear function: y = kx + b, where x is the current total waveform data, k is the slope, and b is the initial amplitude. The slope represents the amplitude increment of adjacent waveform data. By adjusting the amplitude increment, waveforms with rising or falling edges at different linear growth rates can be obtained. In actual implementation, the host computer does not directly send the slope parameter; instead, the initial amplitude, amplitude increment, and total waveform data are sent. The waveform data generation module then generates rising and falling edge waveforms that conform to a linear law.

[0072] The sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is usually above 1 GHz, and the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module matches the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module, that is, at least one waveform data is transmitted per 1 nanosecond, and waveform data of adjacent two continuous rising edges or waveform data of adjacent two continuous falling edges are generated through a starting amplitude and an amplitude increment, and the requirement of a pulse signal with different pulse times in nanoseconds is met by setting different amplitude increments.

[0073] In another embodiment of the present application, the waveform coefficients include a starting amplitude, an amplitude repetition number, an amplitude increment, and a total amount of waveform data of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal. In this embodiment, the waveform data of each amplitude is increased after being repeated for a plurality of times, for example, the amplitude of the first waveform data is the starting amplitude, which is increased to the second amplitude after being repeated for N times, that is, the first waveform data is repeated for N times, and the amplitude of the waveform data during the repetition is always the starting amplitude; the second amplitude is increased to the third amplitude after being repeated for N times, and so on, each waveform data is repeated for N times, until the total amount of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction issued by the upper computer.

[0074] Reference is made to the accompanying drawings Figure 6 An example of the increasing and repeating mode of the waveform data, V0 represents the starting amplitude, and △V represents the amplitude increment. The amplitude repetition number is 6. Reference is made to the accompanying drawings Figure 6 It can be found from the amplitudes of all the waveform data that the amplitude of the waveform data is increased very slowly, and this is more obvious when corresponding to the rising edge of the pulse signal. Reference is made to the dashed line shown in the accompanying drawings, which can be used to represent the rising edge of the pulse signal. Different rising edges of different pulse periods can be realized by setting different amplitude repetition numbers, which can be determined according to the parameters of the pulse signal of the spin quantum bit experiment. Figure 7

[0075] When the waveform parameter instruction includes a starting amplitude, an amplitude repetition number, an amplitude increment, and a total amount of waveform data, the waveform data generation module is configured to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude repetition number, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

[0076] Reference is made to the accompanying drawings Figure 6 shown in the accompanying drawings, the greater the amplitude repetition number is set, the slower the amplitude of the waveform data is increased, and the longer the pulse period of the rising edge of the pulse signal is. By setting the amplitude repetition number, the pulse period of the millisecond-level pulse signal can be realized, which is used to match the pulse signal required by the CPME experiment and the RB experiment.

[0077] It should be noted that the waveform data input to the digital-to-analog conversion module is as shown in the accompanying drawings​Figure 7 The sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is usually above 1G, so the precision of the amplitude signal of the waveform data is in nanoseconds, showing a step type; and the signal waveform of the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module is also shown in the form of a straight line with a dashed line as shown in the accompanying Figure 6 ; when the pulse signal is tested with a measurement precision of milliseconds, the test waveform is shown in the accompanying Figure 7 ; and the test waveform is shown in the accompanying

[0078] In a quantum computer, whether it is an upper computer module or a lower computer module, it works according to a preset working clock; the instruction processing system also has a working clock frequency, that is, the waveform data generation module outputs waveform data according to a preset working clock frequency, wherein the derivative of the working clock frequency is the clock period of the waveform data generation module, and the waveform data generation module outputs a first number of waveform data in each clock period; wherein the first number is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module.

[0079] The functional modules in the instruction processing system work according to the working clock frequency, and the clock period and the working clock frequency are in a derivative relationship; the digital-to-analog conversion module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data. Specifically, the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module is sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module, which is converted into a specific pulse signal and output by the digital-to-analog conversion module, and the digital-to-analog conversion module can adopt DAC. For the digital-to-analog conversion module, it has a preset sampling rate, and the first number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module in a single clock period needs to match the sampling point number of the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0080] For example, the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is 1GHz, and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module is 100MHz, so the waveform data generation module needs to output 10 waveform data as sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module in each clock period, which is used to match the sampling point number of the waveform data generation module and the digital-to-analog conversion module, and to ensure the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0081] The waveform data generation module determines the working state according to the amplitude repetition number and the first number when generating and outputting the waveform data. It can be understood that the waveform data generation module outputs the first number of waveform data in each clock cycle; and each waveform data has a repetition number, that is, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module in one clock cycle can be of the same amplitude or different amplitudes, and needs to be determined according to the amplitude repetition number and the first number. In the embodiment of the present application, according to the comparison relationship between the amplitude repetition number and the first number, the waveform data generation module generates and outputs waveform data according to different working states, improves the generation efficiency of the waveform data, and further improves the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0082] In one embodiment, when the amplitude repetition number and the first number are the same, the waveform data generation module is in a first working state. When the waveform data generation module is in the first working state, it outputs the amplitude repetition number of waveform data in each clock cycle. It can be understood that when the amplitude repetition number and the first number are the same, the waveform data generation module can generate the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, which matches the amplitude repetition number; in the next clock cycle, the first number of waveform data of the next amplitude is generated. In this working state, the waveform data generation module has a simple working mode, high waveform data generation and output efficiency, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the output pulse signal and further improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0083] With reference to the accompanying drawings Figure 8 As an example, when the amplitude repetition number and the first number are the same, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module is illustrated. The left column of 1-10 illustrates that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first number; the right 6 columns are waveform data output by the waveform data generation module, wherein the amplitude repetition number is also 10. The first column of 10 is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, and the waveform data of each amplitude is repeated 10 times in each clock cycle, which is exactly equal to the first number; the corresponding waveform data can be generated according to the amplitude increment in each clock cycle.

[0084] In another embodiment, when the amplitude repetition number is greater than the first number, the waveform data generation module is in a second working state or a third working state. Specifically, when the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, the waveform data generation module outputs the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude, which is an integer multiple of the first number; when the waveform data generation module is in the third working state, the waveform data generation module outputs the remaining number of waveform data to the amplitude repetition number.

[0085] It can be understood that the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module in each clock cycle is a fixed first quantity. When the amplitude repetition number is greater than the first quantity, the waveform data of the same amplitude cannot be output completely in several clock cycles, and only the first quantity of the waveform data of the same amplitude can be output. The remaining quantity of the waveform data of the amplitude needs to be output in the next clock cycle, and the working state of the waveform data generation module is divided into a second working state and a third working state in turn.

[0086] Specifically, when the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module in several clock cycles is of the same amplitude. When the waveform data generation module is in the third working state, the waveform data of the remaining quantity of the amplitude is output in one clock cycle. Therefore, when the waveform data generation module generates the current quantity of the waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, it is determined whether the remaining quantity of the waveform data of the amplitude is greater than the first quantity. When the remaining quantity is greater than the first quantity, the second working state is entered and the first quantity of the waveform data of the amplitude is output in the next clock cycle. When the remaining quantity is less than the first quantity, the third working state is entered and the remaining quantity of the waveform data of the amplitude is output in the next clock cycle.

[0087] In the specific execution of the test task, the pulse time of the pulse signal is long, the amplitude repetition number is large and needs to be adjusted at will. By dividing the working state of the waveform data generation module into the second working state and the third working state and outputting the waveform data of the corresponding amplitude in the corresponding state, the continuity and accuracy of the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module are ensured, and the accuracy of the pulse signal and the accuracy of the quantum calculation are improved.

[0088] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the detailed description. It is to be understood that the accompanying drawings illustrate only a possible implementation of the present application and therefore are not to be considered limiting of the scope. Figure 9 As an example, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module when the amplitude repetition number is greater than the first quantity is described. The left column of 1-10 shows that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first quantity. The right 7 columns are the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module, wherein the amplitude repetition number is 13 times. The first column of 10 is the starting amplitude, and the amplitude increment is 10. In the first clock cycle and the fifth clock cycle, the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, and the output waveform data is of the same amplitude. In the remaining clock cycles, the waveform data generation module is in the third working state, and the amplitude of the output waveform data is different, having an amplitude increment.

[0089] In addition, the accompanying drawings show only a part of the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module. Figure 9 Only a part of the example is shown, and the waveform data not shown is included after the waveform data in the 7th column. In the specific implementation, the total quantity of the waveform data needs to be determined.

[0090] It should be noted that the accompanying drawings show only a part of the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module. Figure 9The amplitude repetition number can be 16, 23, or other more numbers. Regardless of the number of repetitions, each amplitude waveform data is output according to the integer multiple relationship between the amplitude repetition number and the first number in the second working state or the third working state. Wherein, the waveform data generation module generates waveform data of the same amplitude of the current number in each clock cycle, and judges whether the remaining number of the waveform data of the amplitude is an integer multiple of the first number, and performs the second working state or the third working state according to the judgment result.

[0091] The waveform data generation module outputs the first number of waveform data in each clock cycle, and when the number of waveform data to be output in the last clock cycle is less than the first number, the waveform data generation module is further configured to fill the waveform data of the first parameter to the first number according to the total amount of waveform data in the last clock cycle.

[0092] For example, the sampling rate of the signal generation module is 1GHz, and the number of waveform data output in each clock cycle is 10. The total amount of waveform data of the rising edge issued by the upper computer is 200, and since the number of waveform data output in each clock cycle is 10, the waveform data generation module can output 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles, and no waveform data needs to be supplemented. When the total number of waveform data of the rising edge is 204, that is, the waveform data generation module needs to output 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles, and output the last 4 waveform data in the 21st clock cycle. Obviously, the waveform data output in the 21st clock cycle does not meet the number of 10, so 6 waveform data needs to be supplemented. The amplitude of the 6 waveform data supplemented can be a fixed value or a preset amplitude, which can be set according to the specific scene and demand.

[0093] In addition, for the preset amplitude of the waveform data to be supplemented, the upper computer generally issues it to the preset parameter configuration module, and sends it to the waveform data generation module after the configuration is completed. When the waveform data generation module judges that the sampling point data needs to be supplemented, the waveform data generation module supplements according to the preset amplitude.

[0094] The waveform data generation module outputs the first number of waveform data in each clock cycle, and when the number of waveform data to be output in the last clock cycle is less than the first number, the waveform data generation module is further configured to fill the waveform data of the first parameter to the first number according to the total amount of waveform data in the last clock cycle. Figure 10As an example, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module is illustrated. The left column of 1-10 illustrates that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, i.e., the first quantity. The right column of 7 columns is the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module. The first column of 10 is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, the amplitude repetition number is 13 times, the total number of waveform data is 65, and the amount of waveform data with an amplitude of 50 output in the last clock cycle is less than 10. Therefore, 5 waveform data need to be supplemented, and the preset amplitude of the supplemented waveform data is set to 10.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are all functional modules integrated in the FPGA. By integrating the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module in the FPGA, the communication module is in communication connection with the host computer, and the corresponding waveform data is generated according to the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer and sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module; and the waveform parameter instruction can be adjusted in real time according to the operation needs, and the waveform data of various required pulse signals can be output. The digital-to-analog conversion module can adopt a DAC, which is in communication connection with the waveform data generation module in the FPGA, and outputs the corresponding pulse waveform according to the received waveform data.

[0096] In addition to receiving the waveform parameter instruction, the communication module is also used to receive a clock signal and a reset signal and distribute them to the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module. The clock signal is used to unify the clock information of the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module, and in addition, the clock signal is also unified with the working clock of the digital-to-analog conversion module, so as to ensure the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module according to the waveform data; the reset signal is used to reset the internal integrated functional modules when the FPGA is powered on.

[0097] In the above embodiment and the accompanying drawings, the waveform data generation of the rising edge of the pulse signal is mainly taken as an example for description, the waveform data generation mode of the falling edge is the same as that of the rising edge, and the waveform data of the falling edge is also generated according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude repetition number, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction. Then, the complete waveform data of the pulse waveform is determined according to the amplitude and the duration of the high level of the pulse signal.

[0098] As shown in the accompanying Figure 11 Based on the same application concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum control system, which comprises the instruction processing system 2, the host computer system 1 and the signal generation system 3 of any of the above. The host computer system 1 is used to receive a quantum computing task and issue a corresponding waveform parameter instruction. The instruction processing system 2 is used to output the waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction. The signal generation system 3 is used to output the corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0099] The quantum computing task is received by the host computer system 1, and the waveform parameter instructions of the corresponding pulse signal are determined according to the quantum computing task to be executed, and the waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms are generated in the instruction processing system 2 in the lower computer, and the corresponding pulse signal is output by the signal generation system 3; avoiding the host computer system 1 issuing the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the data amount sent by the host computer system 1, and improving the quantum computing efficiency.

[0100] Based on the same application concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, comprising the quantum control system and the quantum processor described above, and the quantum processor executes quantum computing based on the pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0101] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example" or "a specific example" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present specification.

[0102] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make any form of equivalent replacement or modification of the technical solutions and technical contents disclosed in the present application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and still belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An instruction processing system for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, characterized by, The application relates to a signal generation system, which comprises the following parts: a communication module, which is used for receiving waveform parameter instructions sent by an upper computer; wherein the waveform parameter instructions comprise a first parameter, a second parameter and waveform coefficients of rising edges and falling edges of a pulse signal; wherein the waveform coefficients comprise starting amplitudes, amplitude increments and total waveform data of rising edges and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform; a preset parameter configuration module, which is used for configuring the first parameter and the second parameter; wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude of a matching sampling point, and the second parameter is an amplitude of a high level of the pulse signal; a waveform data generation module, which is used for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficients; wherein the waveform data generation module outputs a first quantity of waveform data every clock cycle, and the first quantity is equal to a quotient of a sampling rate of a digital-analog conversion module and a working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module; the waveform data generation module is further used for complementing waveform data with the first parameter to the first quantity in a last clock cycle according to the total waveform data.

2. The instruction processing system of claim 1, wherein, The preset parameter configuration module comprises a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module; the first parameter configuration module is used for configuring the first parameter; the second parameter configuration module is used for configuring the second parameter.

3. The instruction processing system of claim 2, wherein, The application further comprises an instruction distribution module, which is used for sending the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficients to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module respectively.

4. The instruction processing system of claim 3, wherein, The waveform data generation module is used for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of a nanosecond-level pulse signal according to starting amplitudes, amplitude increments and total waveform data of the rising edges and the falling edges.

5. The instruction processing system of claim 1, wherein, The waveform coefficients further comprise amplitude repetition times of the rising edges and the falling edges of the pulse signal waveform.

6. The instruction processing system of claim 5, wherein, The waveform data generation module is used for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal according to starting amplitudes, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increments and total waveform data of the rising edges and the falling edges.

7. The instruction processing system of claim 1, wherein, The communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are all functional modules integrated in an FPGA.

8. A quantum control system, characterized by, The application relates to an instruction processing system, an upper computer system and a signal generation system as claimed in any one of claims 1-7; the upper computer system is used for receiving quantum computing tasks and issuing corresponding waveform parameter instructions; the instruction processing system is used for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instructions; the signal generation system is used for outputting corresponding pulse signals according to the waveform data.

9. A quantum computer, characterized by The application relates to a quantum control system and a quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum computing based on pulse signals output by the quantum control system.

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