Photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm circuit and photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm method

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm circuit and a photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm method. One end of a resistor R1 is connected with one pole of a photovoltaic cell panel, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the negative pole of a voltage stabilizing diode Z1; the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is connected with the other electrode of the photovoltaic cell panel; the electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode Z1; the input side of the step-down module is connected with the electrolytic capacitor C1, and the output side of the step-down module is connected to the input pin of the MCU processor; a control output pin of the MCU processor is connected with a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1; the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with one pin of the alarm; and the other pin of the alarm is connected with the negative electrode of the Zener diode Z1. According to the invention, response alarm when the photovoltaic cell is reversely connected can be realized, the working power is low, the occupied volume is small, and the cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic control, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm circuit and a photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm method. Background Art

[0002] In a photovoltaic system, photovoltaic panels are used to absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. Solar energy equipment such as photovoltaic inverters then extract the electrical energy for use by various electrical equipment, or store the electrical energy. In addition to photovoltaic inverters, common solar energy systems also have auxiliary sources and lightning arresters. The auxiliary source generates low-voltage power for the circuit, and the lightning protection circuit protects the system from working normally in the event of a lightning strike. For details, see the attached Figure 1 The photovoltaic panels also have polarity, with positive and negative poles. Once the positive and negative poles are accidentally connected in reverse during on-site installation, it may cause a safety accident, or require reinstallation, which consumes manpower and material resources, delays product application, and reduces user experience.

[0003] There are currently three main solutions to the above problems:

[0004] Reverse connection does not give an alarm, but by adding related devices (such as diodes) when reverse connection is performed, the reverse connection will not cause a safety accident. However, after the customer completes the installation of this solution, once the photovoltaic panel is reversely connected, the entire system will work abnormally, and the customer will need to spend a lot of manpower and material resources to troubleshoot the cause of the fault, locate the cause, and need to reinstall;

[0005] Reverse connection alarm, by designing an additional auxiliary source, the auxiliary source input is the voltage after the photovoltaic panel is reversed. The auxiliary source generates relevant power, which controls the main MCU to make a judgment and then give an alarm message. Since the photovoltaic system equipment is large, if the LED indicator light is used to warn, the awareness is low, so the sound alarm, that is, the buzzer alarm, is often used. This solution requires the addition of an additional auxiliary source. Since this auxiliary source is always connected to the photovoltaic panel, it is also necessary to consider that the photovoltaic panel cannot work when it is connected forward (such as adding a diode to prevent reverse charging), and a lightning protection circuit is also required. This solution requires the addition of more components, which is disadvantageous in terms of volume and cost;

[0006] For reverse connection alarm, a linear power supply is designed, which directly generates a low voltage from the input through a string of resistors, and drives the buzzer with this low voltage. Due to the large resistance of this solution, there is no need to add additional lightning protection devices, nor is there any need to consider the problem of reverse charging when the photovoltaic panel is connected in the forward direction. However, due to the large variation range of photovoltaic panels, such as a minimum of 200V and a maximum of 1000V, and the drive of the subsequent buzzer requires a certain current, the resistance value of this resistor cannot be too large, which will inevitably cause the power consumption of the resistor to be large, so a large volume of resistor layout space is required. At the same time, this resistor will be connected to the photovoltaic panel when the photovoltaic panel is connected in the forward direction, which will cause additional losses and consume the energy of the photovoltaic panel, which is not conducive to the conversion efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, how to adjust the reverse connection alarm design method of the photovoltaic panel to overcome the above technical problems is what this application needs to solve. Summary of the invention

[0008] A main purpose of the present invention is to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects, and to provide a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit and a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method, which can alarm when the photovoltaic panel is reversely connected, while achieving low cost, small size and low power consumption.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] The present invention provides a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit, which includes a resistor R1, a voltage stabilizing diode Z1, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a step-down module, an MCU processor, a MOS tube Q1 and an alarm, wherein:

[0011] One end of the resistor R1 is connected to one electrode of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1;

[0012] The positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is connected to the other electrode of the photovoltaic panel;

[0013] The electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode Z1;

[0014] The input side of the step-down module is connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1, and the output side is connected to the input pin of the MCU processor;

[0015] The control output pin of the MCU processor is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1;

[0016] The source of the MOS tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain is connected to a pin of the alarm;

[0017] Another pin of the alarm is connected to the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the anode of the Zener diode Z1 is grounded.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the voltage-stabilizing diode has a voltage of 10V to 15V.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the output of the step-down module is 3.3V or 5V.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS transistor Q1 is a square wave signal, and the duty cycle of the square wave signal is 1% to 10%.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the resistance of the resistor R1 is greater than 100KΩ.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the photovoltaic panel is reversely connected, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic panel is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.

[0024] In particular, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method, which detects and alarms the positive and negative connection of the photovoltaic panel based on the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit as described above.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the photovoltaic panel is reversely connected, the alarm device sends out an alarm, and the specific process of detecting the alarm includes the following steps:

[0026] The photovoltaic panel generates a stable voltage through the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 to form a voltage stabilizing power supply, and the voltage stabilizing power supply charges the electrolytic capacitor C1;

[0027] After the electrolytic capacitor C1 is charged, it supplies power to the step-down module. The step-down module outputs a low voltage to the MCU processor. The MCU processor sends a control signal to trigger the MOS tube Q1 to work. The MOS tube Q1 is triggered to conduct according to the control signal.

[0028] When the MOS tube Q1 is in the on state, the circuit of the alarm is closed and connected, and the alarm issues an alarm.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a high-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in an on state, and the electric energy consumed by the MCU processor comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1; when the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a low-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in an off state, and the photovoltaic panel charges the electrolytic capacitor C1 through the resistor R1 input to store energy.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit and the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of the patent application of the present invention are:

[0031] The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application can realize a response alarm when the photovoltaic cell is reversely connected, which is convenient for instant positioning when the photovoltaic cell is reversely connected, and the electrical components in the circuit can withstand both the forward and reverse connection states, with low power consumption. The reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application has few peripheral devices, so that the circuit occupies a small volume and has lower cost.

[0032] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application uses a voltage stabilizing diode in conjunction with an electrolytic capacitor to form a linear source to power the rear-end alarm circuit, so that the overall circuit can adapt to a wider input voltage range.

[0033] In addition, the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of the present application has a simpler alarm process based on the above-mentioned alarm circuit, and intermittent alarms can be achieved by controlling the trigger signal sent by the MCU processor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Hereinafter, some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in an exemplary and non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings indicate the same or similar components or parts. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a working timing diagram of the BUCK chip, the MCU processor and the MOS tube Q1 in the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] This embodiment describes a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit, which includes a resistor R1, a voltage stabilizing diode Z1, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a step-down module, an MCU processor, a MOS tube Q1, and an alarm buzzer, wherein:

[0041] One end of the resistor R1 is connected to one electrode of the photovoltaic panel PV, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1;

[0042] The positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is connected to the other electrode of the photovoltaic panel PV;

[0043] The electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode Z1;

[0044] The input side of the step-down module is connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1, and the output side is connected to the input pin of the MCU processor;

[0045] The control output pin of the MCU processor is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1;

[0046] The source of the MOS tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain is connected to a pin of the alarm Buzzer;

[0047] Another pin of the alarm Buzzer is connected to the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is grounded.

[0048] When the photovoltaic panel PV is reversely connected, Figure 1 As shown, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic panel PV is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic panel PV is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.

[0049] Generally speaking, the above-mentioned components can be selected from devices with the following parameters: the clamping value of the voltage regulator diode is 10V~15V; the output of the buck module is 3.3V or 5V, and the buck module can use a BUCK chip. Due to power transfer, this type of BUCK chip has a lower cost and a smaller size; the resistance value of the resistor R1 is greater than 100KΩ.

[0050] The BUCK chip can be a SOT-23-6 or SOP8 chip. There are many similar chips. Such chips are generally integrated inside the BUCKMOS tube, and only about 5 SMD components such as inductors and capacitors are required externally, which will not be described here.

[0051] The MCU processor can be packaged as SOP16 or SOP8, and basically only needs to be powered. The output IO port (control output pin) can output the control signal to drive the MOS tube Q1, so there are very few external devices and the volume is also small. The control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a square wave signal, and the duty cycle of the square wave signal is 1% to 10%. For example, the duty cycle of the control signal is set to be slightly lower than 10%, so that the MOS tube Q1 is turned on for 100ms and turned off for 5S.

[0052] When the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a high-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in the on state, and the electric energy consumed by the MCU processor comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1; when the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a low-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in the off state, and the photovoltaic panel charges the electrolytic capacitor C1 through the resistor R1 input to store energy. The MOS tube Q1 works in the sleep mode during the off period, and the power consumption is low. During the on period, the electric energy consumed by the MCU processor comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1, and the working voltage of the alarm Buzzer also comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1. The electrolytic capacitor C1 is preferably a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor to store enough energy for the subsequent circuit and the alarm Buzzer to work, and the voltage regulator diode can ensure that the voltage at both ends of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is not greater than 12V. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of this embodiment uses a voltage regulator diode and an electrolytic capacitor to form a linear source to power the subsequent MCU processor and the alarm Buzzer, so that the overall circuit adapts to a wider input voltage range.

[0053] The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of the present embodiment can realize a response alarm when the photovoltaic cell is reversely connected, which is convenient for instant positioning when the photovoltaic cell is reversely connected, and the electrical components in the circuit can withstand both the forward and reverse connection states, with low power consumption. The reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application has few peripheral devices, so that the circuit occupies a small volume and has a lower cost.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] This embodiment describes a photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method, which detects and alarms the positive and negative connection of the photovoltaic panel PV based on the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit as described in Example 1. When the photovoltaic panel PV is reversely connected, the alarm buzzer issues an alarm, and the specific detection and alarm process includes the following steps:

[0056] The photovoltaic panel PV generates a stable voltage through the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 to form a regulated power supply, and the regulated power supply charges the electrolytic capacitor C1;

[0057] After the electrolytic capacitor C1 is charged, it supplies power to the step-down module. The step-down module outputs a low voltage to the MCU processor. The MCU processor sends a control signal to trigger the MOS tube Q1 to work. The MOS tube Q1 is triggered to conduct according to the control signal.

[0058] When the MOS tube Q1 is in the on state, the loop of the alarm buzzer is closed and connected, and the alarm buzzer issues an alarm.

[0059] When the MOS tube Q1 is in the on state, the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a high-level signal, and the electric energy consumed by the MCU processor comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1; when the MOS tube Q1 is in the off state, the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a low-level signal.

[0060] During the operation of the reverse connection alarm circuit of this embodiment, the working sequence of the BUCK chip, the MCU processor, and the MOS tube Q1 as the step-down module is as follows: Figure 2 The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of this embodiment intermittently turns on the MOS tube Q1, which consumes the electric energy of the electrolytic capacitor C1 during the conduction period, so that the voltage of the electrolytic capacitor C1 decreases, and the voltage regulator diode Z1 keeps supplying power to the electrolytic capacitor C1 during the off period of the MOS tube Q1, so as to raise the voltage of the electrolytic capacitor C1.

[0061] The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of this embodiment is based on the alarm process implemented by the above-mentioned alarm circuit, which is simpler and more convenient, and can realize intermittent alarm by controlling the trigger signal sent by the MCU processor.

[0062] The advantages of the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit and the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of the present application are explained below in combination with specific parameter values.

[0063] Specifically, when the photovoltaic panel PV is reversely connected, the photovoltaic panel PV charges the electrolytic capacitor C1 through the resistor R1. Since the voltage is low at this time, the BUCK chip of the subsequent stage has not yet started, and the drive of the MOS tube Q1 is also zero, so the overall power consumption of the subsequent stage is very low (almost zero). Since the voltage output of the photovoltaic panel PV is relatively high, such as 200V, to charge the electrolytic capacitor C1, the value of the electrolytic capacitor C1 can be quickly raised to about 10V. When the electrolytic capacitor C1 reaches the starting point of the BUCK chip (such as 10V), the subsequent stage starts to start, and the electrolytic capacitor C1 also starts to discharge. Since the MCU processor is only used to drive the work of the MOS tube Q1, the overall power consumption is small (such as 1mA), and the input current converted to the BUCK chip is also very low (such as 2mA). The capacitance of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is selected to be large, so that it can store relatively more energy and can effectively power the subsequent MCU processor and alarm. The specific selection can be selected according to the power parameters of the selected MCU processor and alarm. Since the selected electrolytic capacitor C1 has a larger capacitance, the voltage drop of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is also smaller during the startup of the BUCK chip and the opening period of Q1. Taking the 1000uf electrolytic capacitor C1 as an example, the output power consumption is 2mA. At this time, the alarm Buzzer is working and the current is 10mA. Therefore, the capacitance voltage drop of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is calculated as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Therefore, the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor C1 only drops from 10V to 8.8V, which will not trigger the undervoltage protection of the BUCK chip. Of course, when designing the reverse connection alarm circuit, it is necessary to design it based on the actual selection as an example to ensure that the BUCK chip continues to work after startup. Those skilled in the art should pay attention to this.

[0066] When the MOS tube Q1 is turned off, for example, during the 5S off time, the MCU processor works in sleep mode, and the power consumption is very low, such as 100uA. At this time, the BUCK chip also works in frequency reduction mode, and the power consumption is also as low as 200uA. At this time, based on the minimum photovoltaic input value such as 200V, R1 takes 400K, that is, 0.5mA, so 0.3mA is available to charge the electrolytic capacitor C1.

[0067] The charging voltage value on the electrolytic capacitor C1 during the shutdown period of the MOS tube Q1 can be calculated as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Apparently:

[0070] ΔV off >ΔV on

[0071] In this case, during the period when the MOS tube Q1 is turned off, the electrolytic capacitor C1 will be charged more, so after multiple cycles, the voltage of C1 will reach the limit value of the voltage regulator tube 12V.

[0072] If the photovoltaic panel PV reaches a high voltage, such as 1000V, the voltage drop of the electrolytic capacitor C1 during the conduction period is also calculated as follows:

[0073]

[0074] At this time, R1 is still 400K. When Q1 is turned off, the input current is about 2.5mA, so 2.3mA can charge the capacitor C1. At this time, the charging voltage is:

[0075]

[0076] Apparently:

[0077] ΔV offhigh >ΔV onhigh

[0078] And at this time, because the upper charging voltage is higher during the shutdown period, the electrolytic capacitor C1 can be charged to 12V in the first shutdown cycle.

[0079] It can be seen that no matter how high or low the voltage generated by the photovoltaic panel PV is, the electrolytic capacitor C1 can be raised back to 12V during the off period of the MOS tube Q1 to meet the power demand of the subsequent stage of the reverse connection alarm circuit.

[0080] In addition, one of the advantages of the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application is the low power consumption of the resistor R1. For example, the photovoltaic panel PV generates a high voltage of 1000V and the resistance of the resistor R1 is 400K.

[0081]

[0082] At this time, 5 2512 chip resistors can be used (the resistance voltage drop needs to be considered in actual engineering, which is not involved here), which occupies a small volume and has a low cost.

[0083] It should be noted that the above calculations are theoretically explained with specific values. The actual values ​​are subject to the specific selection, and the relevant parameters can also be fine-tuned.

[0084] The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application can also reliably tolerate when the photovoltaic panel PV is connected in the forward direction, and the circuit has good stability. For example, when the photovoltaic panel PV is connected in the forward direction, the resistor R1 and the voltage zener diode Z1 are connected to the circuit. Due to the reverse voltage drop of the voltage zener diode Z1, the BUCK chip and the electrolytic capacitor C1 will not work because the port voltage is only -0.3V. At this time, the power consumption of the resistor R1 is relatively low. Even at a higher voltage (such as 1000V), its power consumption is only 2.5W, and its value is even lower at low voltage. Therefore, the reverse connection alarm circuit of the present application consumes less power.

[0085] In addition, since the circuit of this application is connected to the photovoltaic panel PV for a long time, lightning protection is a factor that must be considered. Another advantage of this solution is that no additional lightning protection circuit is required. Taking 3KA, 8 / 20us surge current as an example, and considering that 10% of the energy enters this circuit, the voltage charge value of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is calculated as follows:

[0086]

[0087] The above is the worst requirement (3KA ​​surge level), and the inverter's own lightning protection circuit is not taken into account. In actual applications, 3KA is an extremely harsh condition. At the same time, the inverter has a lightning protection circuit, and most of the surge energy is absorbed by the lightning protection circuit. The actual energy absorption required by this circuit may not reach 10%. At the same time, due to the clamping effect of the 12V voltage regulator tube, the C1 capacitor voltage will not rise above 12V.

[0088] Therefore, the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit and the photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method of the present application can not only realize the photovoltaic cell reverse connection alarm, but also meet the low power consumption and lightning protection requirements, and at the same time have great advantages in size and cost.

[0089] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit, characterized in that: It includes resistor R1, voltage stabilizing diode Z1, electrolytic capacitor C1, step-down module, MCU processor, MOS tube Q1 and alarm, among which: One end of the resistor R1 is connected to one electrode of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1; The positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is connected to the other electrode of the photovoltaic panel; The electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode Z1; The input side of the step-down module is connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1, and the output side is connected to the input pin of the MCU processor; The control output pin of the MCU processor is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1; The source of the MOS tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain is connected to a pin of the alarm; Another pin of the alarm is connected to the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1.

2. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode of the voltage zener diode Z1 is grounded.

3. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage-stabilizing diode has a voltage value of 10V to 15V.

4. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output of the step-down module is 3.3V or 5V.

5. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a square wave signal, and the duty cycle of the square wave signal is 1% to 10%.

6. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance value of the resistor R1 is greater than 100KΩ.

7. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic cell panel is reversely connected, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell panel is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell panel is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode Z1.

8. A photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell panel reverse connection alarm circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7 detects and gives an alarm on the positive and negative connection of the photovoltaic cell panel.

9. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic panel is reversely connected, the alarm device sends out an alarm. The specific detection and alarm process includes the following steps: The photovoltaic panel generates a stable voltage through the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 to form a voltage stabilizing power supply, and the voltage stabilizing power supply charges the electrolytic capacitor C1; After the electrolytic capacitor C1 is charged, it supplies power to the step-down module. The step-down module outputs a low voltage to the MCU processor. The MCU processor sends a control signal to trigger the MOS tube Q1 to work. The MOS tube Q1 is triggered to conduct according to the control signal. When the MOS tube Q1 is in the on state, the circuit of the alarm is closed and connected, and the alarm issues an alarm.

10. The photovoltaic panel reverse connection alarm method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a high-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in an on state, and the electric energy consumed by the MCU processor comes from the electrolytic capacitor C1; when the control signal sent by the MCU processor to the MOS tube Q1 is a low-level signal, the MOS tube Q1 is in an off state, and the photovoltaic panel charges the electrolytic capacitor C1 through the resistor R1 to store energy.

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