Transmission array antenna with high selection gain filtering characteristic

Abstract

The invention discloses a transmission array antenna with a high-selection gain filtering characteristic. The transmission array antenna comprises a plane transmission array serving as a transmission surface and a horn antenna serving as a feed source, a 180-degree transmission phase difference is realized by rotating the feed part of the transmitting magnetoelectric dipole of the plane transmission array around the central axis by 0 degree or 180 degrees; the planar transmission array comprises a plurality of transmission units which are periodically and seamlessly distributed, and each transmission unit generates different compensation phases when receiving y-polarized incident waves, so that a required wave beam direction is formed; according to the method, based on the magnetoelectric dipole antenna loaded with the split ring resonator, high selectivity can be achieved under a planar structure, the design of a complex filter part and a high section of a three-dimensional structure in an antenna-filter-antenna structure are avoided, and the method can be widely applied to long-distance communication and can also be applied to the field of communication. And meanwhile, the limited electromagnetic frequency spectrum can be fully utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves and antennas, and relates to a transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics. Background Art

[0002] In long-distance wireless communications, high-gain antennas are a very important part. Transmission array and reflective array antennas have received widespread attention among high-gain antennas due to their simple feeding structure, easy manufacturing and low loss. High-gain antennas are often used as the first or last stage of the RF communication system and need to be cascaded with filters. In the 5G era, higher requirements are placed on the small size and high integration of RF communication systems. The introduction of filter antennas can integrate filters with antennas, which can effectively reduce the size of RF communication systems while avoiding additional losses caused by cascading.

[0003] The fusion of the filter and the reflectarray antenna or the transmission array antenna can respectively form a filtered reflectarray antenna and a filtered transmission array antenna. The filtered reflectarray antenna will cause a slight reduction in gain due to the blockage of the feeding antenna, while the filtered transmission array antenna can avoid this problem and has received more attention. At the same time, in the 5G era, more data needs to be transmitted. Making full use of spectrum resources can transmit more data within a limited frequency band. A transmission array antenna with highly selective filtering characteristics can meet this requirement.

[0004] Currently, the main implementation methods of filtered transmission arrays include using a 3D structure, introducing a sub-reflector to adjust the phase, using a multi-layer frequency selection structure, and using an antenna-filter-antenna approach. Some of the 3D structures and antenna-filter-antenna approaches can achieve higher selectivity, but the 3D structure will cause the transmission array surface to have a higher cross-sectional thickness. The antenna-filter-antenna approach introduces a filter structure in the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna to implement the filtering function and phase adjustment function through this structure, but the filter structure requires a complex design process.

[0005] Therefore, how to realize a transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics with a lower profile and a simple design process is a key issue. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention proposes a design method based on a magneto-electric dipole loaded with a split ring resonator, wherein the unit includes a group of magneto-electric dipoles symmetrical about the metal ground plane except for the feeding structure, which are respectively a receiving magneto-electric dipole and a transmitting magneto-electric dipole. By utilizing the characteristics of the magneto-electric dipole to introduce a radiation zero point at a low frequency, and by using the half-wavelength resonance characteristics of the split ring resonator to introduce a radiation zero point at a high frequency, electromagnetic energy can be effectively transmitted within the center frequency band, and by rotating the feeding structure of the bottom transmitting magneto-electric dipole 0° or 180° around the center to achieve the change of the center frequency band transmission phase 0° and 180° to form two units with a transmission phase difference of 180°. The transmission array antenna composed of the unit can achieve high selectivity while ensuring a low profile through a relatively simple design process.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] A transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, the main body of which includes:

[0009] The planar transmission array as a transmission surface includes a receiving magneto-electric (ME) dipole and a transmitting magneto-electric (ME) dipole.

[0010] The horn antenna used as feed is located directly above the planar transmission array.

[0011] A transmission phase difference of 180 degrees is achieved by rotating the feeding portion of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole of the planar transmission array by 0° or 180° around the central axis.

[0012] The planar transmission array includes a plurality of transmission units that are periodically and seamlessly distributed. Each transmission unit generates a different compensation phase when receiving a y-polarized incident wave, thereby forming a required beam direction.

[0013] Each transmission unit includes, from top to bottom, a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth metal layer, a fourth dielectric layer and a fifth metal layer.

[0014] The first metal layer, the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third metal layer constitute a receiving magnetic electric dipole of the transmission unit, and the third metal layer, the third dielectric layer, the fourth metal layer, the fourth dielectric layer, and the fifth metal layer constitute a transmitting magnetic electric dipole of the transmission unit.

[0015] Preferably, the first metal layer includes four top-level metal open ring patches and a first rectangular metal patch, the four top-level metal open ring patches are centrally symmetrically arranged, and there are gaps between adjacent top-level metal open ring patches; the first rectangular metal patch is strip-shaped, which is located in the width-wise gap between the four top-level metal open ring patches and does not contact the top-level metal open ring patches.

[0016] The second metal layer includes a second rectangular metal patch.

[0017] The third metal layer is a grounded metal surface and is provided with holes.

[0018] The fourth metal layer includes a third rectangular metal patch.

[0019] The fifth metal layer adopts an axisymmetric structure of the first metal layer about the length center axis, and specifically includes four bottom metal open ring patches and a fourth rectangular metal patch.

[0020] Preferably, each top-layer metal open ring patch adopts a square open ring, the opening of the square open ring is located at the top corner, and the opening of the square open ring is bent inward, and a rectangular metal patch is provided in the inner space of the square open ring opposite to the opening; two adjacent sides of the rectangular metal patch are connected to the square open ring, and the other two adjacent sides face the inner space of the square open ring.

[0021] Preferably, the open ring openings of the four top-layer metal open ring patches are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer and are spaced apart from the edge of the first dielectric layer.

[0022] Preferably, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are connected via a first metallized via that penetrates the first dielectric layer.

[0023] The third rectangular metal patch and the fourth rectangular metal patch are connected via a second metallized via that penetrates the fourth dielectric layer;

[0024] The top metal open ring patch, the bottom metal open ring patch and the third metal layer are connected via metallized through holes penetrating the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer, the fourth metal layer and the fourth dielectric layer.

[0025] Preferably, the first metallized via, the first rectangular metal patch and the second rectangular metal patch constitute the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole; the second metallized via, the third rectangular metal patch and the fourth rectangular metal patch constitute the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole; the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole and the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole are connected through the third metallized via.

[0026] The third metallized via hole penetrates the second dielectric layer, the third metal layer and the third dielectric layer, and is not in contact with the third metal layer by digging a hole.

[0027] Preferably, there is a gap between the planar transmission array and the horn antenna.

[0028] Preferably, the wide mouth of the horn antenna faces the planar transmission array.

[0029] Preferably, the shape of the planar transmission array is quasi-circular; and the shape of the reflection unit is square.

[0030] Preferably, the rotation angles of the feeding parts of the transmitting magneto-electric dipoles of all the transmission units in the planar transmission array are not completely the same.

[0031] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention proposes a new method for designing a low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics. The method is based on a magnetoelectric dipole antenna loaded with a split ring resonator, and can achieve a maximum gain of 20.07 dBi, a corresponding aperture efficiency of 20.6%, a 3dB gain bandwidth of 12.3%, and a selectivity of 0.86. It can achieve high selectivity in a planar structure, avoids the need for complex filter part design and a high three-dimensional structure profile in an antenna-filter-antenna structure, can be widely used in long-distance communications, and can more fully utilize a limited electromagnetic spectrum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a side view of the reflective unit structure of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is an exploded diagram of the reflective unit structure of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 Figures (a)-(b) are schematic diagrams of the first metal layer structure and dimension marking diagrams in the reflection unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second and third metal layers in the reflection unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third metal layer in the reflection unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth metal layer in the reflection unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fifth metal layer in the reflection unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a reflection amplitude and reflection phase curve diagram of the 0° unit and the 180° unit of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics under the incidence of y-polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a reflection amplitude and reflection phase curve diagram of a 0° unit of a low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics under different incident angles θ of y-polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0041] Fig.10 It is the 0° and 180° unit distribution diagram of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.11 It is an overall schematic diagram of a low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the horn antenna used in the present invention; (a) is a bottom view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a front view.

[0044] Fig.13 It is the E-plane normalized radiation pattern at 10.3 GHz of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0045] Fig.14 It is the H-plane normalized radiation pattern at 10.3 GHz of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0046] Fig.15 It is a diagram of the simulated gain and aperture efficiency results of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention.

[0047] Markings in the figure: 1, receiving magnetoelectric dipole; 2, transmitting magnetoelectric dipole; 3, first metal layer; 31, top metal open ring patch; 311, square open ring; 312, rectangular metal patch; 32, first rectangular metal patch; 4, second metal layer; 41, second rectangular metal patch; 5, third metal layer; 51, digging hole; 6, fourth metal layer; 61, third rectangular metal patch; 7, fifth metal layer; 71, bottom metal open ring patch; 72, fourth rectangular metal patch; 8, first dielectric layer; 81, first metalized via; 9. Second dielectric layer; 10. Third dielectric layer; 11. Fourth dielectric layer; 111. Second metallized via; 12. Metallized through hole; 13. Third metallized via; 14. Planar transmission array; 15. Horn antenna; 1501. First metal sheet; 1502. Second metal sheet; 1503. First metal column; 1504. Second metal column; 1505. Third metal column; 1506. Fourth metal column; 1507. Fifth metal column; 1508. Sixth metal column; 1509. First metal surface; 1510. Second metal surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention is further analyzed below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the specific examples here are only used to explain this application and are not limited to the specific examples presented here.

[0049] A transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, such as Fig.11 The main part shown includes: a planar transmission array 14 and a horn antenna 15. The aperture plane of the horn antenna 15 is parallel to the aperture plane of the planar reflection array 14 and the distance is 153 mm. The long side of the aperture plane of the feed horn antenna 15 is parallel to the x-axis (length direction).

[0050] like Fig.12The horn antenna 15 is a broadband horn antenna, including a horn structure channel, a first metal sheet 1501, a second metal sheet 1502, a first metal surface 1509, a second metal surface 1510, and six metal pillars (i.e., a first metal pillar 1503, a second metal pillar 1504, a third metal pillar 1505, a fourth metal pillar 1506, a fifth metal pillar 1507, and a sixth metal pillar 1508); the narrow opening of the horn structure channel is a closed opening, and the wide opening is an open end; the wide opening of the horn structure channel faces the plane transmission array 14; the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510 are respectively provided on the symmetrical two sides of the wide opening of the horn structure channel. Surface 1510; the wide mouth end of the speaker structure channel is also provided with a first metal sheet 1501 and a second metal sheet 1502 symmetrical around the central axis; the first metal sheet 1501 and the second metal sheet 1502 are located between the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510, and each side edge is respectively connected to the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510; there is a gap between the first metal sheet 1501 and the second metal sheet 1502; three equally spaced metal columns are respectively arranged on the other two symmetrical sides of the wide mouth of the speaker structure channel, and the two ends of the metal columns are connected to the sides of the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510.

[0051] The planar transmission array 14 is quasi-circular in shape and, as a transmission surface, includes a plurality of periodically seamlessly distributed transmission units; each transmission unit is square in shape and can generate compensation phases of 0° and 180° when subjected to y-polarized incident waves, thereby forming the required beam direction.

[0052] like Figure 1-2 Each transmission unit includes a receiving ME dipole 1 and a transmitting magneto-electric dipole 2, wherein the receiving ME dipole 1 includes a first metal layer 3, a second metal layer 4, a third metal layer 5, a first dielectric layer 8, a second dielectric layer 9 and a partially metalized through hole 12 penetrating the first dielectric layer 8 and the second dielectric layer 9.

[0053] like Figure 3 In Figure (a), the first metal layer 3 includes a top metal open ring patch 31 and a first rectangular metal patch 32; the top metal open ring patch 31 includes four open rings symmetrically distributed around the unit center, in a 2×2 distribution; there are gaps between adjacent top metal open ring patches 31; the first rectangular metal patch 32 is strip-shaped, which is located between the width gaps of the four top metal open ring patches 31 and does not contact the top metal open ring patch 31.

[0054] Each top metal open ring patch 31 adopts a square open ring 311, the opening of the square open ring 311 is located at the top corner, and the opening of the square open ring 311 is bent inward, and a rectangular metal patch 312 is provided in the inner space of the square open ring 311 opposite to the opening; two adjacent sides of the rectangular metal patch 312 are connected to the square open ring 311, and the other two adjacent sides face the inner space of the square open ring 311.

[0055] The open ring openings of the four top-layer metal open ring patches 31 are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer 8 and are spaced apart from the edge of the first dielectric layer 8 .

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure (b), the shorter y-axial (width) length of the first rectangular metal patch 32 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 is l1, and the longer y-axial (width) length is l2; the longest side length of the top metal open ring patch 31 and the bottom metal open ring patch 71 is l3, the width is w2, the second longest side length is l4, the width is w3, the short side length is l5, the width is w4, and the distance from the center of the unit is g1. Near the center of the unit, there is a rectangular metal patch 312 with a width of w1 connected to the metallized through hole 12, and the diameter of the metallized through hole 12 is r1.

[0057] like Figure 4 The second metal layer 4 includes a second rectangular metal patch 41 ; the length and width of the second rectangular metal patch 41 meet the connection requirements of the first metallized via 81 penetrating the first dielectric layer 8 , and the third metallized via 13 penetrating the second dielectric layer 9 , the hole 51 and the third dielectric layer 10 .

[0058] like Figure 5 The third metal layer 5 includes a grounded metal surface, which is provided with a circular hole 51 .

[0059] The second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 are connected via a first metallized via 81 penetrating through the first dielectric layer 8 .

[0060] The first dielectric layer 8 includes a first metallized via 81 .

[0061] The transmitting magnetoelectric dipole includes a third metal layer 5 , a fourth metal layer 6 , a fifth metal layer 7 , a third dielectric layer 10 , a fourth dielectric layer 11 and a partially metalized through hole 12 penetrating the third dielectric layer 10 and the fourth dielectric layer 11 .

[0062] like Figure 6The fourth metal layer 6 includes a third rectangular metal patch 61; the length and width dimensions of the third rectangular metal patch 61 meet the connection requirements of the second metallized via 111 penetrating the fourth dielectric layer 11, and the third metallized via 13 penetrating the second dielectric layer 9, the hole 51 and the third dielectric layer 10; preferably, the length and width dimensions of the third rectangular metal patch 61 are the same as those of the second rectangular metal patch 41.

[0063] like Figure 7 The fifth metal layer 7 includes a bottom metal open ring patch 71 and a fourth rectangular metal patch 72; the bottom metal open ring patch 71 includes four open rings symmetrically distributed around the center of the unit.

[0064] The third rectangular metal patch 61 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 are connected via a second metallized via 111 penetrating the fourth dielectric layer 11 .

[0065] Each top metal open ring patch 31, bottom metal open ring patch 71 and third metal layer 5 are connected through metallized through holes 12 that penetrate first dielectric layer 8, second metal layer 4, second dielectric layer 9, third dielectric layer 10, fourth metal layer 6 and fourth dielectric layer 11. Metallized through holes 12 are connected to rectangular metal patches 312 of each top metal open ring patch 31.

[0066] The fourth dielectric layer 11 includes a second metallized via 111 .

[0067] The first rectangular metal patch 32, the second rectangular metal patch 41 and the first metallized via 81 constitute the feeding part of the receiving ME dipole 1; the third rectangular metal patch 61, the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 and the second metallized via 111 constitute the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole 2; the feeding part of the receiving ME dipole 1 and the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole 2 are connected through the third metallized via 13 that penetrates the second dielectric layer 9, the hole 51 and the third dielectric layer 10; the phase difference of 180° in the transmission phase is achieved by rotating the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole 2 by 0° and 180° around an axis perpendicular to the unit and passing through the center of the unit; when the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 points to the negative direction of the y-axis (width direction), it is rotated by 0°, and when the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 points to the positive direction of the y-axis (width direction), it is rotated by 180°.

[0068] The spacing between the centers of adjacent transmission units is p; p may be 7.9 mm.

[0069] The rotation angles of the feeding parts of the transmitting magneto-electric dipoles 2 of all the transmission units in the planar transmission array 14 are not completely the same.

[0070] The length of the second rectangular metal patch 41 and the third rectangular metal patch 61 is 16.

[0071] The dielectric substrate used in the first dielectric layer 8 and the fourth dielectric layer 11 is of model F4BTMS220, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness h1 of 0.6 mm.

[0072] The dielectric substrate used in the second dielectric layer 9 and the third dielectric layer 10 is of the model F4BTMS220, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness h2 of 0.9 mm.

[0073] The first metal layer 3 , the second metal layer 4 , the third metal layer 5 , the fourth metal layer 6 and the fifth metal layer 7 are made of copper with a thickness of 0.036 mm.

[0074] Rotate the feeding part of the transmitting magnetoelectric dipole 2 by 0° and 180° to achieve a phase difference of 180° in the transmission phase, as shown in Figure 8 The feeding part of the rotating transmitting magnetoelectric dipole 2 can achieve a phase difference of 180° in the transmission phase, and the transmission amplitude can be stabilized above -1.5dB in the frequency range of 9.55GHz-11GHz. Fig. 9 , when the unit is incident at different incident angles θ, the transmission phase and amplitude can remain stable.

[0075] In summary, preferably l1=0.6mm, l2=3mm, l3=3mm, l4=2mm, l5=1.2mm, l6=1.5mm, r1=0.4mm, w1=1.2mm, w2=0.5mm, w3=0.35mm, g1=0.5mm, p=7.9mm are selected to form a transmission unit. The plane transmission array 14 has a diameter of 221.2mm and includes 621 transmission units.

[0076] This embodiment also provides a phase control method for the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, including the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: First, design a transmission unit that can generate a phase response to the y-polarized incident wave. This transmission unit can switch the transmission phase to 0° or 180° when the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.5dB.

[0078] Step 2: Calculate the phase compensation required for the y-polarized incident wave generated by the feed horn antenna according to the direction of the required y-polarized beam and the distance from the feed antenna to the planar transmission array 14.

[0079] Step 3: The required phase compensation is matched to the designed 0° unit and 180° unit, and the 0° and 180° units are filled into the plane transmission array 14 to form the actual plane transmission array 14 (the y-polarized beam designed in the example points to 160°, and the corresponding unit distribution diagram is as follows: Fig.15 shown).

[0080] Depend on Fig.13 and 14 It can be seen that the main beam direction of the E-plane of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics is 160°, which is consistent with expectations. The sidelobe level and cross-polarization of the E-plane are lower than -10dB and -41dB respectively. The sidelobe level and cross-polarization of the H-plane are lower than -19dB and -41dB respectively.

[0081] Depend on Fig.14 It can be seen that when the maximum gain of this example is 20.07dBi, the corresponding aperture efficiency is 20.6%, the 3dB gain bandwidth is 12.3%, and the selectivity is 0.86. The selectivity is defined as (F -3dBmax –F -3dBmin ) / (F -10dBmax –F -10dBmin ).

[0082] In summary, the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present invention generates a radiation zero point at a low frequency by utilizing the characteristics of the ME dipole, and generates a radiation zero point at a high frequency by forming a split ring resonator through an open ring, and has good radiation performance within the working frequency band while achieving high selectivity.

[0083] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, comprising: A planar transmission array (14) as a transmission surface, comprising a receiving magneto-electric dipole (1) and a transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2); A horn antenna (15) as a feed source, which is located directly above the planar transmission array (14); A transmission phase difference of 180 degrees is achieved by rotating the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2) of the planar transmission array (14) by 0° or 180° around the central axis; The feature is that the planar transmission array (14) comprises a plurality of periodically seamlessly distributed transmission units, each transmission unit generating a different compensation phase when receiving a y-polarized incident wave, thereby forming a required beam direction; Each transmission unit comprises, from top to bottom, a first metal layer (3), a first dielectric layer (8), a second metal layer (4), a second dielectric layer (9), a third metal layer (5), a third dielectric layer (10), a fourth metal layer (6), a fourth dielectric layer (11) and a fifth metal layer (7); The receiving magnetic electric dipole (1) of the transmission unit comprises a first metal layer (3), a first dielectric layer (8), a second metal layer (4), a second dielectric layer (9), and a third metal layer (5); and the transmitting magnetic electric dipole (2) of the transmission unit comprises a third metal layer (5), a third dielectric layer (10), a fourth metal layer (6), a fourth dielectric layer (11), and a fifth metal layer (7).

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer (3) comprises four top-layer metal open ring patches (31) and a first rectangular metal patch (32); the four top-layer metal open ring patches (31) are centrally symmetrically arranged, and there are gaps between adjacent top-layer metal open ring patches (31); the first rectangular metal patch (32) is strip-shaped, and is located between the width-wise gaps of the four top-layer metal open ring patches (31), and does not contact the top-layer metal open ring patches (31); The second metal layer (4) comprises a second rectangular metal patch (41), the length and width of which meet the connection requirements of the first metallized via (81) penetrating the first dielectric layer (8) and the third metallized via (13); The third metal layer (5) is a grounded metal surface, which is provided with a hole (51); The third metallized via (13) penetrates the second dielectric layer (9), the third metal layer (5) and the third dielectric layer (10), and does not contact the third metal layer (5) through the hole (51); The fourth metal layer (6) comprises a third rectangular metal patch (61), the length and width of which meet the connection requirements of the second metallized via hole (111) penetrating the fourth dielectric layer (11) and the third metallized via hole (13); The fifth metal layer (7) adopts the axisymmetric structure of the first metal layer (3) about the longitudinal center axis, and specifically comprises four bottom metal open ring patches (71) and a fourth rectangular metal patch (72).

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each top metal open ring patch (31) adopts a square open ring (311), the opening of the square open ring (311) is located at the top corner position, and the opening of the square open ring (311) is bent inwardly, and a rectangular metal patch (312) is provided in the inner space of the square open ring (311) at a position opposite to the opening; two adjacent sides of the rectangular metal patch (312) are connected to the square open ring (311), and the other two adjacent sides face the inner space of the square open ring (311).

4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The open ring openings of the four top-layer metal open ring patches (31) are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer (8) and are spaced apart from the edge of the first dielectric layer (8).

5. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second metal layer (4) and the third metal layer (5) are connected via a first metallized via (81) penetrating through the first dielectric layer (8); The third rectangular metal patch (61) and the fourth rectangular metal patch (72) are connected via a second metallized via (111) penetrating the fourth dielectric layer (11); The top metal open ring patch (31), the bottom metal open ring patch (71) and the third metal layer (5) are connected via a metallized through hole (12) that penetrates the first dielectric layer (8), the second metal layer (4), the second dielectric layer (9), the third dielectric layer (10), the fourth metal layer (6) and the fourth dielectric layer (11).

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first metallized via (81), the first rectangular metal patch (32) and the second rectangular metal patch (41) constitute the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole (1); the second metallized via (111), the third rectangular metal patch (61) and the fourth rectangular metal patch (72) constitute the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2); the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole (1) and the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2) are connected via the third metallized via (13).

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the planar transmission array (14) and the horn antenna (5).

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide opening of the horn antenna (5) faces the planar transmission array (14).

9. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the planar transmission array (14) is quasi-circular; the shape of the reflection unit is square.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rotation angles of the feeding parts of the transmitting magneto-electric dipoles (2) of all transmission units in the planar transmission array (14) are not completely the same.

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