System for designing low-voltage distribution network of local network station

Abstract

The invention relates to a system comprising a control unit (100) and a three-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204), the three-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) being connected at least for current measurement to a low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) of a local network station (10), the low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) being connected to a power distribution network (10) comprising a generator (E1) and / or a consumer (V1, V2). The controller (100) and the three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) are arranged in the local network station (10). The controller (100) has a data interface (120) for acquiring measured values (M) of power of connected three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) with an associated timestamp (ts). The controller (100) has a communication interface (110) for connection to a superordinate unit (910, 920, 930) outside the local network station (10). The controller (100) has, in a local memory (130), a first memory area (131) for storing measurements (M) with associated timestamps (ts).

Description

[0001] This case is a divisional application of the international application number "PCT / EP2020 / 060665" (priority data DE202019102368.6, 2019.04.26) filed by the applicant "WAGO Management GmbH" to the International Bureau on April 16, 2020, and the Chinese patent application number "2020800313512" entered the national stage on October 25, 2021, with the invention name "System for designing a low-voltage distribution network for a local network station". Technical Field

[0002] The low voltage network is part of the electricity network, which is used to distribute electrical energy, for example, to power terminal consumers (low voltage equipment), and is managed by a multi-regional distribution network operator. In order to avoid power losses, the low voltage network is limited in spatial scope to a few hundred meters to a few kilometers. Therefore, these low voltage networks are supplied with electricity from the upper medium voltage network through local network stations (also called substations). Unlike other voltage levels, in most parts of Europe, the low voltage network is not a three-wire system, but a four-wire system to connect single-phase consumers.

[0003] These consumers usually operate with a network voltage of 230V / 400V (single-phase / three-phase) to 1000V. Background Art

[0004] A method for controlling the stability of a low-voltage network is known from EP 2 592 709 A1, wherein current is supplied to the low-voltage network from a local network transformer. The low-voltage network has a main power line, wherein power is introduced from the main power line via a network branching point into at least one branch power line, to which at least one power consumer (consumer) and / or power generator (feeder) is connected. The branch power line, together with the consumers and / or feeders connected thereto, forms a self-sufficient network area. At least one sensor is arranged at the network branching point, at which the branch power line branches off from the main power line. The current in the branch power line and / or the voltage on the branch power line are measured by means of the sensor.

[0005] WO 2011 / 126732 A1 discloses a system and method for calculating a load model and associated adjustable parameters, which can be used to describe the characteristics of electrical consumers connected to an electric power distribution system. The load model can be used to predict demand fluctuations caused by supply voltage changes and can be used to determine an optimized control strategy based on load dynamics.

[0006] Furthermore, EP 3 107 174 A1 describes a method for operating an energy supply network with a subnetwork, the subnetwork comprising an electrical load and / or a power source equipped with a distributed control device, by means of which a control signal is generated using a state value indicating the current electrical operating state of the subnetwork, the control signal being taken into account for the components of the subnetwork. The distributed control device comprises a state evaluation device, by means of which the state evaluation device evaluates the state value using an input signal provided by the state evaluation device. Subsequently, the state values ​​are checked by means of an evaluation device to determine whether these state values ​​indicate an undesirable electrical operating state of a subnetwork of the energy supply network, and if the state value indicates an undesirable electrical operating state, whether a control signal is generated. In order to be able to perform the state evaluation relatively simply and without the need for expensive measurement technology provided in the subnetwork, it is proposed to provide the state evaluation device with an input signal indicating an environmental state present in the area of ​​the subnetwork and / or an electrical state of the subnetwork at a measurement location assigned to at least one subnetwork, and the state evaluation device comprises an artificial neural network, which is trained to determine the state value using the input signal.

[0007] Publication WO 2012 / 037989 A1 discloses a method for computer-aided energy distribution in a distributed energy network, wherein an improved control of the active power available at different points in the energy network is proposed during the operation of the energy network by means of mathematical optimization methods. In this context, the energy consumption or energy supply of distributed energy consumers or energy generators is primarily controlled by means of the evaluation of measured values.

[0008] Furthermore, the publication WO 2010 / 0357516 A1 discloses a method for determining electrical load flows in an electrical energy supply network, wherein the load behavior of the electrical consumers is dynamically adjusted during operation of the energy supply network using measured values. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to specify a system which substantially improves the design of a low-voltage power distribution network of a local network station.

[0010] This object is achieved by a system having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0011] Therefore, a system is provided, which has a controller and a plurality of three-phase measuring sensors. A three-phase measuring sensor is connected to the low-voltage output of a local network station at least for current measurement. A power distribution network with generators and / or consumers is connected to the low-voltage output.

[0012] The controller and the three-phase measuring sensors are arranged in the local network station.

[0013] The controller has a data interface for recording measured values ​​of the electrical power of the connected three-phase measuring sensors with associated time stamps.

[0014] The controller has a communication interface for connecting to a superordinated unit outside the local network station.

[0015] The controller has a first memory area in the local memory for storing measured values ​​with associated time stamps.

[0016] The controller has a second memory area in the local memory for storing network topology data. The network topology data includes both line characteristics of the power distribution network and consumer characteristics of the consumers and / or generator characteristics of the generators of the power distribution network.

[0017] The controller has a computing unit which is designed to perform the following steps:

[0018] receiving a request via a communication interface for outputting an energy flow in a power distribution network,

[0019] selecting a time period for the measured values, the measured values ​​having a time stamp within the time period, calculating a value for the energy flow based on the network topology data and the measured values ​​for the time period, and

[0020] The calculation results are provided in the server of the controller for transmission via the communication interface.

[0021] Here, a three-phase measuring sensor is to be understood as at least one three-phase measuring sensor, so that one, two or more three-phase measuring sensors can be connected using the data interface of the controller. The three-phase measuring sensor is advantageously designed for separate current measurement of the conductors L1, L2, L3 and N. The three-phase measuring sensor is, for example, the applicant's three-phase power measuring module 750-495 with associated Rogowski coils, by which a large number of electrical parameters such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, phase, frequency, etc. can be measured. Alternatively, other three-phase measuring sensors can also be used.

[0022] For example, the PFC200 provided by the applicant can be used as a controller. Alternatively, other controllers can also be used.

[0023] In this case, the number of low-voltage outputs is not fixed, that is to say it is to be understood as at least one low-voltage output. A local network station usually has one, two or more low-voltage outputs. The low-voltage output is usually part of a low-voltage network, which is also called a power distribution network.

[0024] In addition to local network stations, a power distribution network can have electrical consumers (eg, motor vehicle charging stations), service lines and / or generators (eg, central thermal power stations or photovoltaic systems). Generators can also be referred to as feeders. A power distribution network can have, for example, a plurality of electrical consumers and generators.

[0025] By arranging the controller and the three-phase measuring sensor locally in the local network station, it is not necessary to transmit the measured value data to a superordinated unit outside the local network station for evaluating the measured values. With this arrangement, the controller and the three-phase measuring sensor are arranged in the building or plant of the local network station.

[0026] The controller has two different interfaces. The controller has at least a data interface and a communication interface. In addition, the controller can have further interfaces, such as a service interface for maintenance purposes or configuration purposes. The data interface provides a connection for one or more three-phase measuring sensors. The communication interface is, for example, a network interface for transmitting data to or from a superordinate unit via a protocol. For example, the communication interface sends and receives by means of an Ethernet-based protocol.

[0027] The superordinate unit is not arranged in the local network station, but is connected, for example, by means of a LAN cable. The superordinate unit can be, for example, a cloud application on a specific computer or a local remote server. Alternatively, the communication interface is a USB interface, to which a computer that can be arranged outside the local network station can be connected.

[0028] The local memory of the controller is read and written by the computing unit without being connected via a communication interface. The local memory is therefore directly connected to the computing unit. Accordingly, each measured value of the three-phase measuring sensor can be written directly to the first memory area, for example by means of a DMA controller (DMA-direct memory access) contained in the controller.

[0029] Here, the local storage of the network topology data in the second storage area has data of the power distribution network connected to the local network station. Accordingly, the amount of data is limited by the connected power distribution network. As a result, the amount of data is also limited by the connected power distribution network. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit a large amount of data via the communication interface. For example, necessary changes to the network topology data are transmitted via the communication interface and are also stored in the second storage area of ​​the local memory.

[0030] Since the controller is arranged in the local network station, the calculation of the energy flow by the computing unit of the controller can also be performed locally in the local network station. For this purpose, the calculation algorithm is advantageously optimized in such a way that it can be handled with the relatively low computing power of the computing unit of the controller. It is not necessary to provide additional external computing power, for example in the cloud. Accordingly, the calculation in the controller in the local network station can be performed independently.

[0031] The steps performed in the controller (receiving, selecting, calculating and providing) do not necessarily have to be performed in a given order. For example, it is sufficient to receive a request only once and then perform the selection and calculation in a loop. Alternatively, the selection and calculation can be event-controlled, for example, performed each time a request is received. For example, the calculation results can be provided continuously. Alternatively, the calculation results can be provided based on the request.

[0032] The server implemented in the controller for providing the calculation results is, for example, a web server, which transmits the calculation results to a client such as a web browser. The web server is, for example, web server software in the controller.

[0033] According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is designed to provide a plurality of services that can be controlled via the communication interface. At least one service is provided. These services are, for example, predefined views of measured values ​​or calculation results, such as a graphical view or limit value violations or range indications, etc. Further services are calculation configurations, such as simulating changes in the power distribution network, obtaining average values ​​over a longer period of time, etc.

[0034] According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is designed to provide the calculation results by means of graphic objects. The graphic objects can advantageously have non-modifiable graphic elements and / or time-modifiable graphic elements and / or numbers and / or texts. For example, for a certain type of electrical consumer, symbols and views of the virtual device are stored as graphic objects, so that graphic objects can be automatically generated from the stored content for all electrical consumers of this type.

[0035] According to an advantageous development, the graphic objects are assigned to one another and to one of the low-voltage outlets based on the network topology data. For example, the assignment is performed by local positioning within a map or a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure.

[0036] According to an advantageous development, at least one graphical object is assigned to the calculation result. For example, the assignment can be formed by a numerical value and / or a size of the graphical element and / or a color of the graphical element.

[0037] According to an advantageous improvement, the graphic object can be transmitted via the communication interface. Preferably, the graphic object can be transmitted to a superordinate unit. For example, an object with an associated structure can be transmitted. Alternatively, the structure can also be specified by a superordinate program, so that the object is connected to the program.

[0038] According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is designed to assign a time curve of the calculated value of power to the object. In this case, the time curve of the calculated value of power and / or the generated graphical display of the time curve of the calculated value of power can be transmitted via the communication interface. For example, the energy flow on the cable can be calculated for a period of time. The calculated average value of the energy flow through the cable (for example within 15 minutes) is entered as a value in the diagram and the diagram is transmitted as a graphical object assigned to the cable via the communication interface. Accordingly, diagrams of the consumers or feeders can be automatically created with the help of the calculation results and transmitted via the communication interface.

[0039] According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is designed to receive selection control data via the communication interface. The server is advantageously designed to select a plurality of graphic objects based on the selection control data. For example, the selection control data contain a plurality of cables in an area of ​​the power distribution network that was previously selected by a user, for example by input. With the aid of the selection control data, the calculation results of the energy flow for the cables are transmitted via the communication interface, for example in the form of a table or a diagram. In addition, other calculation results, such as current, voltage, phase, active power, etc., related to the energy flow, or exceeding a threshold value or the like, can be transmitted via the communication interface as numbers and / or texts and / or graphic elements of a graphic object.

[0040] According to an advantageous development, for providing the functionality, the server of the controller is designed to arrange the graphic objects in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on the network topology data. The arrangement in space advantageously corresponds to the geographical situation of the power distribution network. This arrangement is, for example, a structure in an abstract view or a structure presented in a concrete cartographic form.

[0041] According to an advantageous development, the controller is designed to send control data to a generator controller of the generator and / or to a consumer controller of the consumer via a control connection. The controller is designed to generate the control data. The controller is advantageously configured to generate the control data autonomously, in particular based on measured values. It is also possible that the control data generated by the controller are dependent on communication with a superordinate unit. For example, a superordinate unit of energy management determines the power output of a local network station, so that the energy consumption of a larger consumer is dependent on this power output.

[0042] According to an advantageous development, the controller is designed to receive data from the generator controller and / or the consumer controller via the control connection. For example, the consumer controller can report the energy consumption over a period of time. The controller can adjust the characteristics of the consumer with the help of the report.

[0043] According to an advantageous development, a coupling circuit is provided, which connects the controller to the low-voltage output. The coupling circuit is designed to establish a control connection via a power distribution network connected to the low-voltage output. Such a coupling circuit is, for example, a power line modem.

[0044] According to an advantageous development, the controller and / or the coupling circuit is designed to transmit the control data in an encrypted manner via the control connection. The encrypted control connection can be established, for example, by means of https or a VPN tunnel.

[0045] According to an advantageous development, the controller is designed to generate control data based on the calculation results. For example, a plurality of feeders and a plurality of electrical consumers can lead to, for example, local overloads in a cable section, which rarely occur in normal control operation. Local overloads can be determined with the aid of the calculation results and the electrical consumers can temporarily reduce or switch off the power input in order to reduce the load in the cable section. As a result, the power distribution network can be optimally used without a larger safety reserve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a local network station, a power distribution network and a superordinated unit;

[0048] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing measured values.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic web browser view showing one embodiment;

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic web browser view showing another embodiment;

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic web browser view showing another embodiment, and

[0052] Figure 6 A schematic web browser view showing another embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] exist Figure 1 Schematically shows a local network station 10 (ONS) with a power distribution network 20. The local network station 10 has, for example, a transformer 19 for converting between a medium voltage MV and a low voltage NV. The local network station 10 has a certain number of low-voltage output terminals 11, 12, 13, 14 for the low-voltage side NV, which are connected to each other by a busbar 18 ( Figure 1). The power distribution grid 20 for electrical energy was designed for centralized energy systems in the past and will be rebuilt based on the evolving distributed system. In addition to decentralized, unstable power generation, other social and infrastructure changes will also lead to changes in the load on the grid. For example, load characteristics V1, V2 may be outdated. Electric vehicles are taking over households and may represent additional important electrical consumers V1, V2. In addition, batteries and heat pumps are becoming more and more common. Digital data provides transparency about the state of the grid, which is necessary for investment and operational planning. Transparency is a prerequisite for optimized grid management.

[0054] By using the controller 100 in the local network station 10, the operator should be able to better evaluate the performance of its power distribution network 20. The local network station 10 thus acquires digital intelligence and can therefore be referred to as a digital local network station dONS. Here, the controller 100 is implemented for calculating the distribution network 20, for example Figure 3 1. Without the calculation application 170, the operator would have to perform a worst-case analysis of its distribution network 20 due to the lack of this information. As a result, the operator could refuse to expand the feeder E1 or the consumers V1, V2 or could refuse to invest in earthworks to obtain more powerful underground cables if this was not physically necessary. The calculation application 170 in this local network station 10 follows a "bottom-up approach" in the distribution network 20.

[0055] Here, the calculation application 170 is executed locally on the calculation unit 140 of the controller 100 and can realize the dynamic calculation of the energy flow EF in the power distribution network 20. Here, the controller 100 is arranged locally in the local network station 10. There is no need to transmit the measurement data M on a large scale over a longer distance. In addition, the measurement data M is actually directly used as real-time data for the calculation of the power distribution network 20. Here, it is advantageous that each local network station 10 of the operator is equipped with a controller 100 as much as possible, and the controller is designed to execute the calculation application 170 precisely for the power distribution network 20 connected to the corresponding local network station 10. This distributed solution is optimized for distributed problems in the power distribution network 20.

[0056] The network topology data TD and the measured values ​​M are used as input data for the calculation of the calculation application 170. In addition, other data, such as current measured data of the consumer V2, can be incorporated into the calculation. Likewise, if, for example, a photovoltaic system is provided as feeder E1, weather data, such as current solar radiation, wind or weather forecast, can be incorporated into the calculation.

[0057] pass Figure 1The solution shown in achieves several advantages. For example, by calculating the actual load characteristics, operators are supported in approving new photovoltaic installations, wind power installations and charging station infrastructure, which could previously only be designed using a rough worst-case analysis. Unnecessary earthworks are avoided. Cost reductions in the distribution network 20 are achieved by operating in the most favorable (lowest) voltage range (e.g. 230V±10%). The solution is also used as a basis for building distributed island microgrids (MicroGrids).

[0058] Figure 1 In the local network station 10, it is shown that the controller 100 is connected to four three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204, for example. The controller 100 and the three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 are connected to the local network station 10. Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the power distribution network 20 is arranged inside the local network station 10. Each of the four three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 is connected to a low-voltage output 11, 12, 13, 14 of the local network station 10 at least for current and voltage measurement. For example, a voltage range of 110V / 230V is used as the low voltage NV. A power distribution network 20 with a generator E1 and / or electrical consumers V1, V2 is connected to the first low-voltage output 11. In Figure 1 In the schematic example shown in FIG. 1 , two electrical consumers V1 and V2 and a feeder E1 are connected via cables K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that the distribution network 20 can actually be significantly larger in scale. In addition, more distribution networks can be connected to other low-voltage output terminals 12, 13, and 14. This is Figure 1 Indicated by dotted lines.

[0059] exist Figure 1 In an embodiment of the controller 100, the controller 100 has a data interface 120 for collecting the measured value M of the power of the connected three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204. Here, the measured value M is associated with a time stamp. For example, the data interface 120 has an analog input with an analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog data of the three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 into digital data and provides them with a time stamp value. Alternatively, it is possible that the three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 themselves have an analog-to-digital converter and the data interface 120 receives the digital data. The measured value M of the three-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 is stored at least locally in a local memory 130 (for example, a flash memory, a memory card or a hard disk of the controller 100). When necessary, the measured value M can also be read out from the local memory 130.

[0060] The controller has a first memory area 131 for storing measured values ​​M with associated time stamps in the local memory 130. The controller has a second memory area 132 for storing network topology data in the local memory 130. The network topology data include both line characteristics PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5 of the lines / cables K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 of the power distribution network 20 and also consumer characteristics PV1, PV2 of the consumers V1, V2 and / or generator characteristics PE1 of the generator E1 of the power distribution network 20.

[0061] The controller 100 has a computing unit 140 on which a software program can be executed. Figure 1 The software program in the embodiment of has a server 160 (especially a network server) and a computing application 170. Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the software program on the computing unit 140 can perform multiple program steps.

[0062] The controller 100 has a communication interface 110 for connecting to a superordinate unit 910, 920, 930 outside the local network station 10. Figure 1 In an embodiment of the invention, the superordinate unit is, for example, a control room / control center 910, a cloud 920 or a computer 930. The communication interface 110 is, for example, an Ethernet-based interface. Advantageously, a configuration of multiple (at least two) IP addresses per port is provided, so that separate connections with a limited functional scope can be made via the communication interface 110. For example, a separate IP address can be set for the network server 160. Advantageously, configuration options for setting up a secure connection to each IP address can be provided, in particular multiple (at least two) OpenVPN tunnel settings including firewall settings.

[0063] The computing unit 140 is designed to separate parameterization (telecontrol technician - Scada network) and visualization (planner / network technician - office network). Preferably, two different visualizations are created for the telecontrol technician and the planner, which are accessed via different IP addresses.

[0064] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, there is an OpenVPN tunnel from the SCADA network to the controller 100 and an OpenVPN tunnel from the office network to the controller 100. These networks are separate. Different applications can be accessed from the SCADA network than from the office network. Preferably, a separate network server ( Figure 1 not shown).

[0065] The calculation unit 140 is designed to receive a request RQ via the communication interface 110 for outputting an energy flow in the power distribution network 20. For this purpose, the request RQ is triggered, for example, by means of a computer 930 and transmitted to the controller 100 via the Internet. The calculation unit 140 is additionally designed to select a time period for the measured values ​​M, which have a time stamp within the time period. The selection of the time period is advantageously associated with the request RQ or contained in the request RQ itself.

[0066] If the calculation unit 140 receives the request RQ, a calculation is triggered in a subsequent step. With the aid of a calculation application 170, the calculation unit 140 is designed to calculate the value of the energy flow based on the network topology data TD and the measured value M of the time period. The calculation result can be stored for subsequent use. Alternatively, the calculation result is provided directly in the server 160 of the controller 100 for transmission via the communication interface 110.

[0067] With the aid of the network server 160 , a plurality of basic applications can be provided to the user, which basic applications have, for example, a language switch between different languages.

[0068] After authentication by user name and password, the web address of the web server 160 can be called up. Different user rights are preferably implemented in the basic application, such as read-only, access to the data plotter 180 and the data logger or management. In addition, different user levels are preferably assigned for resetting the display (e.g. indicating range) or for configuration (assignment, creation of network topology, etc.).

[0069] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation unit 140 is configured to execute a data plotter 180. The data plotter 180 is configured to display the calculated values ​​and simulated values ​​of the calculation results. Figure 1 In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation unit 140 is designed to reduce the amount of data of the calculation results. For example, the values ​​are grouped or based on the correlation of the values, such as taking an average value and transmitting them in different cycles. The controller 100 is designed to transmit uncompressed or compressed real-time data. The controller 100 is also designed to determine and output historical measurement data M and calculation results.

[0070] exist Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , the measured values ​​M are shown in different diagrams. The measured values ​​at the low-voltage outputs 11 , 12 and 13 are shown by way of example.

[0071] The measured values ​​MPL1, MPL3 of active power and the measured values ​​MQL1, MQL2, MQL3 of reactive power are shown by way of example. A time stamp tS is assigned to each measured value M. The measured values ​​M and the time stamp tS are stored in the local memory 130 of the local network station 10. The time points t0 and t1 are selected, for example, automatically or based on user input. The two time points t1 and t0 respectively determine a time period t1-t0, within which the measured values ​​M with the time stamp tS are located. The view can be continuously updated, for example, so that both historical data and real-time data can be seen in the diagram.

[0072] Additionally, a voltage histogram of the transformer terminals can be shown ( Figure 2 not shown).

[0073] exist Figure 3 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , a plot is output based on the network topology data TD and schematically shown via a web browser. Figure 1 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the network server 160 may use the web page 162 to display different information and events, such as

[0074] - general information about the local network station;

[0075] - Indicator range for transformer 19 and each individual output terminal 11 (in Figure 3 Optional in the embodiments, however not presented);

[0076] - For example, a time period image of the last 30 days can be configured to have a display of the time period t1-t0 shown (in Figure 3 Optional in the embodiments, however not presented);

[0077] - for example, the minimum and maximum values ​​of power and voltage at the transformer 19 and the output terminal 11 within a predetermined number of days (in Figure 3 Optional in the embodiments, however not presented);

[0078] - Display of the date after which the measured value M and / or result value was determined (in Figure 3 is optional in the embodiments of, but not presented).

[0079] In order to execute the provided services S1, S2, S3, input options should be provided via a web page 162 of the web server 160, wherein, for example

[0080] - The indication range can be reset (in Figure 3 is optional in the embodiments, however not presented), or

[0081] - You can reset the entire view (in Figure 3 is optional in the embodiments, but not presented), and / or

[0082] - Individual services S1, S2, S3 can be turned on or off,

[0083] - You can enter a date and / or time (in Figure 3 is optional in the embodiments of, but not presented).

[0084] exist Figure 3 The calculation results are shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and are shown as graphic objects GOEF. Figure 3 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the energy flow in each cable K1 is shown in the form of an arrow, wherein the graphic properties of the graphic object GOEF represent the magnitude of the energy flow EF. For example, the size of the arrow is related to the magnitude of the energy flow EF. Alternatively, color or other graphic properties may also be used.

[0085] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide a plurality of services S1, S2, S3 that can be controlled through the communication interface 110. Examples of the services S1, S2, S3 are shown in Figure 3 For example, services S1, S2, S3 are selectable via the user interface 162. A first service S1 enables a graphical view of the calculation results. A second service S2 enables a view of the measured values ​​M at the low-voltage output 11, which are, for example, Figure 2 The third service S3 enables different settings. For example, graphic objects can be added or deleted permanently or temporarily through these settings. In addition, Figure 3 In the embodiment of FIG. , it is shown that as a related service, it is possible to switch between two operating modes: “simulation” and “monitoring”.

[0086] exist Figure 3 Schematically shows a web page 162 based on HTML5, for example. The web page 162 is part of the network server 160 and can realize the input of the network topology through WEB visualization and / or continuous network calculation and / or visualization of the energy flow EF. Figure 1 The browser of computer 930 shows web page 162.

[0087] Figure 3 The view of real-time data in the embodiment of , for example, enables a direct presentation of the configuration of the measuring terminals and / or the measured data and / or the calculated data with, for example, minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the current and / or voltage and / or the assignment of asymmetry coefficients to the low-voltage output terminal 11 and / or the real-time values ​​in the power distribution network 20. Thus, a network technician should be able to assign possible problems to the output terminal 11.

[0088] By means of the control 100, Figure 3As shown, the network topology of the low-voltage line of the distribution network 20 is planned at the local network station 10 with the help of WEB visualization, so as to perform continuous network calculations, for example. The distribution network operator can use the function to analyze the distribution network 20 in order to decide whether to approve the further addition of renewable energy equipment or the necessary network expansion. Another advantage is that the most favorable voltage range is set on the low-voltage side NV, whereby the supplier can operate the low-voltage network NV more economically.

[0089] exist Figure 3 The network topology based on the network topology data TD is schematically shown in . In the power distribution network 20, there is shown by way of example: a local network station 10 with a three-phase measuring sensor 201, electrical consumers V1, V2, V3 with different electrical consumer characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3 and a feeder E1 with a feeder characteristic PE1. These characteristics, in particular the electrical consumer characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3, can be advantageously adapted. For example, the electrical consumer characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3 are updated with the aid of real data. The energy flow EF calculated based on the measured values ​​M and the network topology data TD is presented in the form of a graphic object GOEF. For this purpose, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide the calculation results with the aid of the graphic object GOEF. In Figure 3 , it is shown by way of example that an arrow of corresponding size is assigned to each value of the energy flow EF as a graphical object GOEF. The consumers V1 , V2 , V3 and the feeder E1 are also represented accordingly by graphical objects.

[0090] exist Figure 1 In an embodiment of the present invention, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to arrange the graphic objects GOEF in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on the network topology data TD. The two-dimensional or three-dimensional space is usually displayed on a display, augmented reality glasses or the like. The arrangement in the space advantageously corresponds to the geographical situation of the power distribution network 20. Figure 3 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , for example, a graphical object GOEF of an energy flow EF is presented distributed on a two-dimensional map. The graphical object GOEF is advantageously displayed in a separate layer on the map. For example, the graphical object GOEF protrudes from the plane of the map or is located in a plane behind a semi-transparent map, for example in order to improve visual perceptibility.

[0091] Except in Figure 3 In addition to the display in the embodiment of the present invention, additional evaluations, such as limit value monitoring, can also be displayed. For example, a color change (e.g. from green to red) can temporarily indicate that the current in the cable exceeds a threshold value. Other feedback and / or status messages and / or reports and / or records can also be displayed in Figure 3 is implemented in the embodiment of.

[0092] and Figure 1 Different, in Figure 3In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the network topology data TD based on geographic information is shown. In this embodiment, the graphical objects of the power distribution network 20 are inserted as layers on the cartographic map. The network topology data TD can be based on manual input, for example. For this purpose, the server 160 has an input function for the user. The input function has, for example, a project tool, which can realize, for example

[0093] - manually create a reduced radiation network using the branching options, and / or

[0094] - Input complex line parameters, annual energy consumption with standard load characteristics, and / or

[0095] - Create a project database, and / or

[0096] - Data management (outlines and solutions) for network topology data and / or measurement data and / or calculated result data.

[0097] The configuration is advantageously carried out by means of a separate configuration page.

[0098] Advantageously, the network topology data TD in the second memory area 132 in the controller 100 are changeable in that they can be configured remotely by a user, for example. For example, the input options for the network topology data are provided by the server 160. In this case, the network topology data TD are collected, for example, by means of the computer 930 and are transferred to the second memory area 132 via the communication interface 110 of the controller 100. The server 160 is advantageously designed to receive the change data and to change the network topology data TD based on the change data. For example, the user can Figure 3 In the web page in the selection of cable K1 and virtually connect and lay the new cable. It is also possible to virtually connect new electrical consumers to the newly laid cable. This is independent of whether the new cable and the new electrical consumer already exist in reality. This can be used, for example, for simulation purposes. Accordingly, the network topology can be expanded in the horizontal direction, i.e. along the cable path, to increase the number of nodes. Advantageously, the number of nodes is limited to a maximum number. It is also possible to expand in the vertical direction, i.e. in the number of output terminals, in order to introduce multiple network branches. This can achieve realistic results.

[0099] exist Figure 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, the server 160 is designed to introduce a new cable with a cable length and / or type, or a single cable or a double cable. Advantageously, the calculation unit 140 of the controller 100 is designed to calculate the cable characteristics of the new cable. Figure 3In the exemplary embodiment, the server 160 is designed for the input of line loads and / or point loads. In this case, the annual consumption can be input with a distribution regarding the respective characteristics (household, commercial, etc.). It is also possible to input the power of the EEG device with a distribution regarding the device type (PV, BHKW, etc.).

[0100] Alternatively to a change based on user input of topology data TD, Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment, automatic modeling is provided by importing planning data from a geographic information system (Smallworld / Lovion). Importing planning data allows for particularly simple engineering. Operators of power distribution networks 20 use geographic information systems (GIS) to plan, maintain and expand their low-voltage networks NV. Figure 1 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , an additional data import from a geographic information system is implemented, for example in the so-called Shapefile format. This import simplifies the import of network topology data TD into the controller 100. Figure 3 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , much more complex network topologies can also be imported by manual input via web page 162. Figure 1 In the embodiment of the controller 100, the controller 100 is advantageously designed to load the associated network topology data TD from an external memory, for example, from the cloud 920, based on the identification code of its own local network station 10. Then, the network topology data TD is automatically checked to see whether it is suitable for calculation in the calculation application 170.

[0101] After the network topology data TD have been imported, manual processing is advantageously prohibited. Alternatively, an additional simulation file may be generated which contains the changes to the network topology for simulation purposes.

[0102] Figure 1 The server 160 of the controller 100 of the exemplary embodiment is designed to provide the calculation result CK1 by means of the graphical object GOK1. Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention, the cable K1 is selected. The selected cable K1 is marked graphically in the web page 162, for example by spatial and / or color highlighting. For example, the selection can be made by the user determining a mouse click in the display area of ​​the cable K1 within the web page 162. Based on the mouse click, selection control data DP are transmitted via the communication point 110, for example from the computer 930 to the server 160 of the controller 100. The server 160 is designed to select a plurality of graphic objects K1, GOK1 based on the selection control data DP. In addition to marking the cable K1, the server 160 is also designed to display a window on the web page in the foreground, which forms a further graphic object GOK1, which is transmitted via the communication interface 110, for example to the computer 930.

[0103] The server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide the calculation result CK1 for the cable K1 with the aid of the graphical object GOK1. Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention, the graphical object GOK1 is presented in the form of a window or dialog box and is directly assigned to the cable K1 in a graphical manner via a tip. The server 160 is designed to assign the graphical object GOK1 based on the network topology data TD and to the low-voltage output terminal (at Figure 4 is covered in one of the Figure 4 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , a graphical object GOK1 is assigned to the calculation result CK1 . The graphical object GOK1 displays the calculated current value IC, for example in amperes, for each conductor L1 , L2 , L3 . The graphical object GOK1 is then transmitted to the computer 930 via the communication interface 110 .

[0104] exist Figure 5 A further calculation result CV1 for an electrical consumer V1 (eg a charging station for an electric vehicle) is shown by way of example in FIG. The web page 162 generated by the server 160 contains a time display 164 which shows the date and time at which the calculation result CV1 shown was determined.

[0105] For example, the controller 100 is designed to present the output voltage at the low voltage output terminal ( Figure 5 ) and / or historical or current load characteristics at transformer 19. For example, a time series for the past 30 days can be presented at a resolution of one day or one hour. For example, Figure 5 The calculation result CV1 of the electrical consumer V1 in the object GOV1 at 12:52 pm on February 2, 2019 is shown in FIG. In order to display the object GOV1, the server 160 is designed to collect the selection of the electrical consumer V1. For example, the electrical consumer V1 is selected from a table (not shown).

[0106] exist Figure 6 The calculation result CV1 for the electrical consumer V1 is shown as an example in FIG. Figure 5 Different, in Figure 6 In the embodiment of the invention, the time curve PC(t) of the calculated value of the electric power is assigned to the object GOV1. Figure 6 , the time curve PC(t) of the power PC between the past time point t0 and the current time point t1 is shown by way of example. The controller 100 is designed to transmit a generated graphical representation of the time curve PC(t) of the calculated power value or the time curve PC(t) of the calculated electrical value via the communication interface 110, for example the object GOV1.

[0107] Then supplemented by wide-range control Figure 1Embodiment. In order to achieve wide-range control, the computing application 170 in the local network station 10 is expanded and further applications are implemented for remote stations in the substation. The controller 100 in the local network station 10 is designed to periodically send a request for a voltage range to the controller 910 in the substation. Using the request, the controller 910 in the substation determines the most favorable voltage range and sets the transformer accordingly, for example, usually 10 position changes per day. By setting the most favorable voltage range on the medium voltage side MV, suppliers can operate the medium voltage network more economically. For the visualization of the local network station 10, the server 160 is advantageously designed to be able to optically access the subordinate medium voltage network. In an advantageous improvement, the controller 100 is designed to receive instructions from the controller 910 in the substation and control the consumption of controllable electrical consumers V1 in the distribution network 20 on the low voltage side NV, for example based on the instantaneous power output of the local network station 10.

[0108] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 100 is connected to the electrical consumers V1, V2 and / or the feeder E1 via a data connection CC. The data connection CC may also be referred to as a control connection CC. Figure 1 Schematically illustrated by dotted lines. No separate data line is required here. The signals for controlling the connection CC are transmitted via the already existing cables K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 and, for example, modulated. This method is known, for example, as power line communication PLC or simply Powerline, and is referred to as PowerLAN or dLAN by some manufacturers. This technology uses existing electrical lines in the low-voltage network NV to establish a local network for data transmission, so that no additional data lines are required. Accordingly, a modem 211 (so-called power line modem) is provided at the low-voltage output 11 and at the consumers V1, V2 and / or at the feeder E1. The consumers and / or feeders also have controllers V1C, V2C, E1C for receiving and processing control data CD.

[0109] The controller 100 in the local network station 10 is designed to send control data CD via a control connection CC to a generator controller E1C of the generator E1 and / or to consumer controllers V1C, V2C of the consumers V1, V2. The power distribution network 20 on the low-voltage level NV can be controlled independently of the superordinate units 910, 920, 930. For the data-technical connection between the controller 100 and the low-voltage output 11, a modem 211, which can also be referred to as a coupling circuit 211, is shown. The coupling circuit 211 is designed to establish a control connection CC via the power distribution network 20 connected to the low-voltage output 11. In order to achieve a higher level of security, the controller 100 and / or the coupling circuit 211 are designed to transmit the control data CD in an encrypted manner via the control connection CC. Figure 1In an embodiment of the controller 100, the controller 100 is designed to generate control data CD based on the calculation results. For example, it can be determined by calculation that a power limit in a certain area of ​​the power distribution network 20 is reached, so that an instruction for the electrical consumer V2 (for example a charging station for an electric vehicle) is included in the control data CD via the control connection CC, which instruction limits the power output of the power distribution network 20.

[0110] Reference numerals list

[0111] 10 Local Network Stations

[0112] 11,12,13,14 low voltage output terminal

[0113] 18 Busbar

[0114] 19 Transformer

[0115] 20 Distribution Network

[0116] 100 Controller

[0117] 110 Communication interface

[0118] 120 Data interface

[0119] 130 Local Storage

[0120] 131,132 Storage Area

[0121] 140 computing units

[0122] 160 servers, network servers

[0123] 170 Computing Applications

[0124] 180 Data Plotter

[0125] 201,202,203,204 three-phase measurement sensor

[0126] 211 Modem

[0127] 910 Control Room

[0128] 920 Cloud

[0129] 930 Computer

[0130] t0,t1,ts time point

[0131] CC data connection, control connection

[0132] CD Control Data

[0133] DP Select Control Data

[0134] El Generator

[0135] EF Energy Flow

[0136] K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 cables and lines

[0137] M,MPL1,MPL3,MQL1,MQL2,MQL3 measurement data

[0138] MV Medium Pressure

[0139] NV Low Voltage

[0140] PE1,PK1,PK2,PK3,PK4,PK5,PV1,PV2 characteristics

[0141] RQ Request

[0142] TD topology network data

[0143] VI, V2 power consumption

[0144] V1C, V2C, E1C modems.

Claims

1. System, A controller (100) is provided, A three-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) is provided, wherein: A three-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) is connected to a low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) of a local network station (10) at least for current measurement, wherein a power distribution network (10) having a generator (E1) and / or a consumer (V1, V2) is connected to the low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14), The controller (100) and the three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) are arranged in a local network station (10). The controller (100) has a data interface (120) for collecting the measured values ​​(M) of the electric power with the associated time stamp (ts) of the connected three-phase measuring sensors (201, 202, 203, 204), The controller (100) has a communication interface (110) for connecting to a superior unit (910, 920, 930) outside the local network station (10). The controller (100) has a first storage area (131) in the local memory (130) for storing measurement values ​​(M) with associated time stamps (ts), It is characterized in that The controller (100) has a second storage area (132) in the local memory (130) for storing network topology data (TD), wherein the network topology data (TD) has not only line characteristics (PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5) of the power distribution network (20) but also consumer characteristics (PV1, PV2) of the consumers (V1, V2) and / or generator characteristics (PE1) of the generator (E1) of the power distribution network (20); The controller (100) has a computing unit (140) which is designed to: - receiving a request (RQ) via a communication interface (110) to output an energy flow (EF) in a power distribution network (20), - selecting a time period (t1-t0) for the measured values ​​(M) having a timestamp (ts) within the time period (t1-t0), - calculation of the values ​​(Uc, Ic, Pc, Qc) of the energy flow (EF) based on the network topology data (TD) and the measured values ​​(M) of the time period (t1-t0), and - Providing the calculation results (CK1, CV1) in the server (160) of the controller (100) for transmission via the communication interface (110).

2. The system (1) according to claim 1, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to provide a plurality of services (S1, S2, S3) which can be controlled via the communication interface (110).

3. The system according to claim 1, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to provide calculation results (CV1, CK1) by means of graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF), wherein the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) are assigned to one another and to the low-voltage outputs (11, 12, 13, 14) based on network topology data (TD), and / or wherein at least one of the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) is assigned to a calculation result (CK1, CV1), and / or The graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) can be transmitted via a communication interface (110), in particular to a superordinate unit (910, 920, 930).

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to distribute the time curve (Pc(t)) of the value of the calculated power to the object (GOV1), Therein, the generated graphic display of the calculated time curve of the electric power value (PC(t)) or the calculated time curve of the electrical value (PC(t)) can be transmitted via the communication interface (110).

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to: receiving selected control data (DP) via the communication interface (110), and A plurality of graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) are selected based on selection control data (DP).

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, For providing the function, the server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to arrange the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on the network topology data (TD), The spatial arrangement corresponds in particular to the geographical conditions of the power distribution network (20).

7. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, The controller (100) is designed to send control data (CD) via a control connection (CC) to a generator controller (E1C) of a generator (E1) and / or to consumer controllers (V1C, V2C) of consumers (V1, V2).

8. System according to one of the preceding claims, A coupling circuit (211) is provided, which connects a controller (100) to a low-voltage output terminal (11), and is designed to establish a control connection (CC) via a power distribution network (20) connected to the low-voltage output terminal (11).

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, The controller (100) and / or the coupling circuit (211) are designed to transmit control data (CD) in an encrypted manner via a control connection (CC).

10. System according to one of the preceding claims, in, The controller (100) is designed to generate control data (CD) based on the calculation results (CK1, CV1).

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