Preparation method of an immersion-resistant and growth-promoting abalone feed

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the preparation method of abalone feed, specifically a preparation method of an immersion-resistant and growth-promoting abalone feed, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a chitosan-gelatin complex; Step 2: Stir and mix 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in Step 1 evenly to obtain an immersion-resistant and growth-promoting abalone feed. The chitosan-gelatin complex prepared by the present invention can preferably act as an adhesive in the abalone feed prepared by the present invention, so as to preferably preserve the integrity of the feed shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of abalone feed preparation methods, and in particular relates to a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed. Background Art

[0002] Abalone is a highly nutritious seafood. Within the abalone farming industry, feed costs typically account for 40-60% of total aquaculture costs, resulting in high input costs. Due to the deteriorating marine environment in recent years, abalone farming has also faced severe disease and high mortality rates. Furthermore, due to the intensive farming practices, disease can lead to mass die-offs of juvenile abalone, resulting in significant economic losses for farmers. To boost abalone's immunity and reduce mortality, a certain amount of chemical antibiotics are often added to abalone feed to combat disease and ensure normal growth. Traditional abalone feed is typically administered once every week to ten days, saving time and effort. However, due to the high risk of spoilage, additives such as binders, bulking agents, and preservatives are often included in the abalone feed formula to ensure stability in the water. Excessive amounts of these additives can impair digestion and absorption, while spoiled feed can easily lead to disease.

[0003] Common abalone diseases include impetigo, shell cracking, bubble disease, ulceration, muscular dystrophy, plate desquamation, and sepsis. These diseases are primarily caused by viruses, bacteria, parasitic prokaryotes, and other organisms. The bacterial pathogens that cause large-scale abalone disease outbreaks are generally Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Vibrio species, including shark Vibrio, fluvial Vibrio, alginolytic Vibrio, parahaemolytic Vibrio, and Vibrio harveyi. Among them, muscular dystrophy, caused by Vibrio harveyi, has been discovered in recent years. This disease can infect abalone of various sizes and cause mass mortality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed, so as to solve the defects pointed out in the background technology.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: preparing chitosan-gelatin complex;

[0007] Step 2: 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in step 1 are thoroughly stirred and mixed to obtain the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed.

[0008] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 2, 3 - 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1 - 5 parts by weight of yeast, 3 - 8 parts by weight of mussel powder, and 0.1 - 0.2 parts by weight of compound vitamins are further added.

[0009] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the compound vitamins are at least two of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin K.

[0010] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1a: Add chitosan to water at 80°C - 90°C, continuously stir, add gelatin, and continue stirring for 0.5 - 1.5 h to obtain the product of step 1a;

[0012] Step 2a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a, continuously stir, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 1a is lowered to 65°C - 75°C, add agar oligosaccharide and citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 0.5 - 1.5 h to obtain the product of step 2a;

[0013] Step 3a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a, continuously stir, and when the temperature of the product obtained in step 2a is lowered to 50°C - 60°C, add the antibacterial component, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 10 - 30 min to obtain the product of step 3a;

[0014] Step 4a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in step 3a to room temperature, and then defoam the product of step 3a to obtain the product of step 4a;

[0015] Step 5a: Freeze and then thaw the product of step 4a to obtain a crude chitosan - gelatin complex.

[0016] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 1a, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:(0.2 - 0.6). Specifically, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:0.2, 1:0.25, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, 1:0.4, 1:0.45, 1:0.5, 1:0.55, or 1:0.6.

[0017] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step 1a, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:(0.4 - 0.5).

[0018] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 2a, the mass ratio of chitosan, agar oligosaccharide, and citric acid is 1:(0.15 - 0.25):(0.05 - 0.1).

[0019] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step 2a, the mass ratio of chitosan, agar oligosaccharide, and citric acid is 1:(0.18 - 0.22):(0.05 - 0.07).

[0020] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, step 1 further includes:

[0021] Step 6a: Dry and crush the crude chitosan - gelatin complex, and then pass through a 40 - 50 mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan - gelatin complex.

[0022] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial component is at least one of terpene compounds, tannin compounds, and flavonoid compounds.

[0023] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial component is any one of terpene compounds, tannin compounds, or flavonoid compounds.

[0024] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the terpene compound is linalool, carvacrol, or thymol.

[0025] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the flavonoid compound is quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol, or rutin.

[0026] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the flavonoid compound is one or more plant extracts. Specifically, the plant extract is ginkgo leaf flavonoid extract, guava leaf flavonoid extract, or eucommia leaf flavonoid extract.

[0027] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the flavonoid compound is a combination of one of quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol, or rutin and a plant extract; wherein, the plant extract is ginkgo leaf flavonoid extract, guava leaf flavonoid extract, or eucommia leaf flavonoid extract.

[0028] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the antibacterial component is one of linalool, carvacrol, thymol, quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol, or rutin.

[0029] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the tannin compound is chestnut involucre tannin extract, persimmon tannin extract, or mango tannin extract.

[0030] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 3a, the mass ratio of chitosan and the antibacterial component is 1:(0.04 - 0.08).

[0031] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 4a, the defoaming process is as follows: putting the product of step 3a and the instrument containing the product of step 3a into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment to remove the foam in the solution.

[0032] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 5a, the freezing-thawing process is to freeze at -50°C to -60°C for 3 - 5 h, then thaw at room temperature, and repeat 2 - 4 times to obtain a gel-like complex.

[0033] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 5a, the crude chitosan-gelatin complex is dried at 55°C - 65°C to obtain a complex with a cross-linked network structure.

[0034] In the present invention, the functions of agar oligosaccharide and citric acid are to stabilize the reaction system and create pores.

[0035] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is prepared by the preparation method of the foregoing soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed.

[0036] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the soaking-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed comprises 1 - 5 parts by weight of chitosan-gelatin complex, 10 - 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20 - 35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10 - 30 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 5 - 15 parts by weight of kelp powder, 3 - 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1 - 5 parts by weight of yeast, 3 - 8 parts by weight of mussel powder, and 0.1 - 0.2 parts by weight of compound vitamins.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The chitosan-gelatin complex prepared by the present invention can well act as an adhesive in the abalone feed prepared by the present invention, so as to better preserve the integrity of the feed shape.

[0039] (2) The chitosan-gelatin complex prepared by the present invention can better load antibacterial components. The antibacterial components are encapsulated in the chitosan-gelatin system and can still better play the role of inhibiting Vibrio after being soaked in seawater.

[0040] (3) The present invention also provides a series of compounds for inhibiting Vibrio that can be used in abalone feed, and reveals whether the compound has a negative effect on the growth of abalone.

[0041] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0042] The accompanying drawings here are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments in accordance with the present invention, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 1 It is the SEM image of the crude chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in Example 1. Detailed embodiments

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described herein are illustrative in nature and are used to provide a basic understanding of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0045] For the sake of brevity, only some numerical ranges are specifically disclosed herein. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form a range not explicitly recited, and similarly any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. In addition, each individually disclosed point or single numerical value itself can be used as a lower limit or an upper limit and combined with any other point or single numerical value or combined with other lower limits or upper limits to form a range not explicitly recited.

[0046] In this document, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0047] In the description herein, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" include the number itself.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in the present invention have the well-known meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical values of the various parameters mentioned in the present invention can be measured by various commonly used measurement methods in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of the present invention).

[0049] The term "about" is used to describe and account for small variations. When used in connection with an event or circumstance, the term can refer to instances in which the event or circumstance occurs precisely and instances in which the event or circumstance occurs extremely nearly. For example, when used in connection with a numerical value, the term can refer to a range of variation of ±10% less than or equal to the numerical value, such as less than or equal to ±5%, less than or equal to ±4%, less than or equal to ±3%, less than or equal to ±2%, less than or equal to ±1%, less than or equal to ±0.5%, less than or equal to ±0.1%, or less than or equal to ±0.05%. Additionally, sometimes quantities, ratios, and other numerical values are presented in a range format in this document. It should be understood that such range formats are for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly specified as range limits but also all individual numerical values or sub-ranges subsumed within the range as if each numerical value and sub-range were explicitly specified.

[0050] A list of items joined by the term "at least one of", "at least one in", or other similar terms can mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, then the phrase "at least one of A and B" means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if items A, B, and C are listed, then the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B, and C. Item A can include a single component or multiple components. Item B can include a single component or multiple components. Item C can include a single component or multiple components.

[0051] In the present disclosure, the preparation method of the ginkgo leaf flavonoid extract is as follows, but not limited thereto: Take dry ginkgo leaves, pulverize them and pass through an 80 - 120 mesh sieve, hydrolyze with a methanol - 25% hydrochloric acid mixed solution (4:1), heat under reflux at 75°C - 85°C for 30 - 45 min and then cool to obtain a hydrolyzate. Transfer the hydrolyzate to be filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then obtain the ginkgo leaf flavonoid extract through freeze - drying.

[0052] In the present invention content, the flavonoid extract of Psidium guajava leaves uses Psidium guajava leaves as raw materials. For Psidium guajava in the plant of Myrtaceae Psidium guajava, its dried leaves and leafy twigs are Psidium guajava leaves. The preparation method of the flavonoid extract of Psidium guajava leaves is as follows, but not limited to this: Dry the Psidium guajava leaves at 45°C - 60°C until the weight remains unchanged, crush them and pass through a 40 - 60 mesh sieve to obtain Psidium guajava leaf powder; Add the Psidium guajava leaf powder to 70% ethanol (material - liquid ratio 1:20), soak for 5 - 25 min, and extract by ultrasonic method at a temperature of 45°C - 55°C, a power of 100 - 200 w, and a frequency of 80 - 120 kHz for 30 - 60 min. After extraction, cool to room temperature, filter through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then perform freeze - drying to obtain the flavonoid extract of Psidium guajava leaves.

[0053] In the present invention content, the flavonoid extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves uses Eucommia ulmoides leaves as raw materials. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus Eucommia in the family Eucommiaceae. The preparation method of the flavonoid extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves is as follows, but not limited to this: Take dry Eucommia ulmoides leaves, crush them and pass through an 80 - 100 mesh sieve to obtain Eucommia ulmoides leaf powder. Add the Eucommia ulmoides leaf powder to water (material - liquid ratio 1:60), soak for 20 - 35 min, and extract by ultrasonic method at a temperature of 50°C - 60°C, a power of 700 - 800 w, and a frequency of 80 - 120 kHz for 5 - 10 min. After extraction, cool to room temperature, filter through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then perform freeze - drying to obtain the flavonoid extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] It includes the following steps:

[0056] A. Preparation of chitosan - gelatin complex:

[0057] Add 5 g of chitosan to water at 85°C, continuously stir (200 r / min), add 2 g of gelatin, continue to stir for 1 h, then lower the temperature of the reactants to 70°C, add 1 g of agar oligosaccharide and 0.25 g of citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, continue to stir for 75 min, then lower the temperature of the reactants to room temperature, put the reactants into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment to remove the foam in the solution, then freeze the reactants at - 60°C for 4 h, and then thaw at room temperature, repeat 3 times to obtain a gel - like complex. Dry the gel - like complex at 60°C, crush it, and then pass through a 40 - mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan - gelatin complex. The SEM image of the gel - like complex prepared in Example 1 is as Figure 1 shown.

[0058] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0059] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared above, and mix it evenly with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B12. After mixing, it is further processed through modulation, tabletting, curing and drying to obtain the abalone feed of Example 1.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The steps of Example 2 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of the added gelatin is 1 g.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The steps of Example 3 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of the added gelatin is 0.5 g.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The steps of Example 4 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of the added gelatin is 2.5 g.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The steps of Example 5 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass of the added gelatin is 4 g.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] It includes the following steps:

[0070] Weigh 2 parts by weight of chitosan, 1 part by weight of gelatin, 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B12, mix them evenly and then mix. After that, it is further processed through modulation, tabletting, curing and drying to obtain the abalone feed of Comparative Example 1.

[0071] Soaking test:

[0072] At room temperature, immerse Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 in seawater, and observe the shape changes of the feed at different soaking times. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074] Example 24h 72h 144h Example 1 The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged Example 2 The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged Slight cracking appears Example 3 The shape remains basically unchanged Slight cracking appears Obvious cracking appears Example 4 The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged The shape remains basically unchanged Example 5 The shape remains basically unchanged Obvious softening appears Unable to maintain the original shape Comparative Example 1 Obvious cracking appears Unable to maintain the original shape Completely disintegrates

[0075] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared by the present invention can well act as an adhesive in abalone feed, and can better preserve the integrity of the feed shape, without obvious softening or obvious cracks. By comparing Examples 1 and 4 with Examples 2 and 3, it can be found that too little gelatin will cause the feed to crack after soaking in seawater; by comparing Examples 1 and 4 with Example 5, it can be found that too much gelatin will cause the feed to crack after soaking in seawater.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] It includes the following steps:

[0078] A. Preparation of chitosan-gelatin composite:

[0079] Add 5 g of chitosan into water at 85 °C, continuously stir (200 r / min), add 2 g of gelatin, continue to stir for 1 h, then lower the temperature of the reactants to 70 °C, add 1 g of agar oligosaccharide and 0.25 g of citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue to stir for 75 min;

[0080] Then lower the temperature of the reactants to 55 °C, continuously stir, add 0.25 g of carvacrol, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue to stir for 25 min;

[0081] Then lower the temperature of the reactants to room temperature, put the reactants into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment to remove the foam in the solution, then freeze the reactants at -60 °C for 4 h, and then thaw at room temperature, repeat 3 times to obtain a gel-like composite. Dry the gel-like composite at 60 °C and then crush it, and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-gelatin composite.

[0082] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0083] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared above, mix it evenly with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B12, and then obtain the abalone feed of Example 6 after modulation, tabletting, ripening and drying.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] It includes the following steps:

[0086] A. Preparation of chitosan-gelatin composite:

[0087] Add 5 g of chitosan to water at 85 °C, stir continuously (200 r / min), add 2 g of gelatin, continue stirring for 1 h, then lower the temperature of the reactants to 70 °C, add 1 g of agar oligosaccharide and 0.25 g of citric acid, keep the temperature constant, and continue stirring for 75 min;

[0088] Then lower the temperature of the reactants to 55 °C, stir continuously, add 0.25 g of thymol, keep the temperature constant, and continue stirring for 25 min;

[0089] Next, lower the temperature of the reactants to room temperature, put the reactants into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment to remove the foam in the solution, then freeze the reactants at -60 °C for 4 h, and then thaw at room temperature, repeat 3 times to obtain a gel-like composite. Dry the gel-like composite at 60 °C and then crush it, and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin composite.

[0090] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0091] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared above, mix it evenly with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B12, and then mix, and then obtain the abalone feed of Example VII after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0092] Example VIII

[0093] The steps of Example VIII are basically the same as those of Example VI, the difference being that the added antibacterial component is linalool.

[0094] Example IX

[0095] The steps of Example IX are basically the same as those of Example VI, the difference being that the added antibacterial component is curcumin.

[0096] Example X

[0097] The steps of Example X are basically the same as those of Example VI, the difference being that the added antibacterial component is quercetin.

[0098] Example XI

[0099] The steps of Example XI are basically the same as those of Example VI, the difference being that the added antibacterial component is naringenin.

[0100] Example XII

[0101] The steps of Example XII are basically the same as those of Example VI, except that the antibacterial component added is hesperidin.

[0102] Example XIII

[0103] The steps of Example XIII are basically the same as those of Example VI, except that the antibacterial component added is kaempferol.

[0104] Example XIV

[0105] The steps of Example XIV are basically the same as those of Example VI, except that the antibacterial component added is rutin.

[0106] Comparative Example II

[0107] The steps of Comparative Example II are basically the same as those of Example VI, except that no antibacterial component is added.

[0108] Comparative Example III

[0109] It includes the following steps:

[0110] A. Preparation of chitosan-gelatin mixture:

[0111] Add 5 g of chitosan into water at 85 °C, keep stirring (200 r / min), add 2 g of gelatin, continue stirring for 1 h, then lower the temperature of the reactant to 55 °C, keep stirring, add 0.25 g of hesperidin, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 25 min;

[0112] Lower the temperature to room temperature, then directly obtain a solid through freeze-drying, and then pass the solid of Comparative Example 3 through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a chitosan-gelatin mixture.

[0113] B. Preparation of abalone feed:

[0114] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the prepared chitosan-gelatin mixture obtained above, mix it evenly with 15 parts by weight of fish meal, 30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 25 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 12 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of yeast, 7 parts by weight of mussel powder, 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B2 and 0.075 part by weight of vitamin B12, and then obtain the abalone feed of Comparative Example III after modulation, tableting, ripening and drying.

[0115] Antibacterial performance test of Vibrio harveyi:

[0116] The tested Vibrio harveyi was isolated from the diseased tissues (foot muscle, gill, intestine, hepatopancreas) of moribund green abalone in a certain seawater farm and stored at -80 °C;

[0117] Transfer the pure culture of the tested strain to 2216E medium and incubate overnight at 25°C. Dilute the activated bacterial solution to 1.0×10 8 cfu / mL, store it at 4°C for later use.

[0118] Take 10 g of each sample from Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, and divide each of them into two equal-mass parts. One part is crushed and dried until its weight remains unchanged for later use; the other part is soaked in seawater for 3 days, then washed and dried until its weight remains unchanged for later use.

[0119] The agar diffusion inhibition zone method was used to judge the in vitro inhibitory effect of different inhibitors on TCBS-G. Spread 150 μL of activated TCBS-G evenly on a 2216E plate, and immediately place 4 sterile Oxford cups (arranged in a cross diameter to ensure that the distance between each hole is not less than 2 cm). Add 50 mg of the samples from Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 that were not soaked and those that were soaked and dried into each hole, and incubate at 25°C for 24 h. Use a vernier caliper to measure the inhibition zone; measure 3 times in different directions for each hole and take the average value. An inhibition zone diameter ≥20 mm is strong, indicated by "+++"; an inhibition zone diameter >10 - 20 mm is medium, indicated by "++"; an inhibition zone diameter >3 - 10 mm is weak, indicated by "+"; an inhibition zone diameter ≤3 mm has no antibacterial effect, indicated by "-". The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2

[0121] Example Antibacterial component Antibacterial zone (mm) Sensitivity Example 6 (not soaked) Carvacrol 13 ++ Example 6 (soaked) Carvacrol 7 + Example 7 (not soaked) Thymol 21 +++ Example 7 (soaked) Thymol 11 ++ Example 8 (not soaked) Linalool 7 + Example 8 (soaked) Linalool 2 - Example 9 (not soaked) Curcumin 6 + Example 9 (soaked) Curcumin 2 - Example 10 (not soaked) Quercetin 24 +++ Example 10 (soaked) Quercetin 20 +++ Example 11 (not soaked) Naringenin 22 +++ Example 11 (soaked) Naringenin 17 ++ Example 12 (not soaked) Hesperidin 20 +++ Example 12 (soaked) Hesperidin 15 ++ Example 13 (not soaked) Kaempferol 25 +++ Example 13 (soaked) Kaempferol 21 +++ Example 14 (not soaked) Rutin 12 ++ Example 14 (soaked) Rutin 4 + Comparative Example 2 (not soaked) - 1 - Comparative Example 2 (soaked) - 1 - Comparative Example 3 (not soaked) Hesperidin 15 ++ Comparative Example 3 (soaked) Hesperidin 3 -

[0122] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the antibacterial compounds used in Examples 7, 10, 11, 12, and 13 have good performance in inhibiting Vibrio harveyi. By comparing the performance of inhibiting Vibrio of the samples from Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Example 3 that were not soaked and those that were soaked, it can be seen that the chitosan-gelatin composite prepared by the present invention can better load antibacterial components. The antibacterial components are encapsulated in the chitosan-gelatin system and can still play a good role in inhibiting Vibrio after being soaked in seawater. However, for Comparative Example 3 in which chitosan, gelatin, and antibacterial components were simply blended, the antibacterial performance of its unsoaked sample is inferior to that of Example 12 with a cross-linked network structure of chitosan-gelatin composite. Its sample after being soaked cannot maintain its original morphology and can no longer encapsulate and load antibacterial compounds, thus losing its antibacterial performance.

[0123] Feed feeding test:

[0124] Carry out a sea floating cage feeding experiment on abalone using the abalone feeds from Examples 6 to 14 and Comparative Example 2. The experimental data are shown in Table 3.

[0125] Table 3

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from Table 2, the antibacterial compounds used in Examples VII, X, XI, XII, and XIII have good performance in inhibiting Vibrio harveyi; however, the feed feeding tests show that the introduction of the antibacterial compounds corresponding to Examples VII and X is not conducive to the growth of abalone itself.

[0128] After considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention, which follow the general principles of the present invention and include known common knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an immersion-resistant and growth-promoting abalone feed, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a chitosan-gelatin complex; Step 2: Thoroughly stir and mix 10-20 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-30 parts by weight of sargassum powder, 5-15 parts by weight of kelp powder, and 1-5 parts by weight of the chitosan-gelatin complex prepared in Step 1 to obtain the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed; Step 1 includes the following steps: Step 1a: Add chitosan to water at 80°C - 90°C, continuously stir, add gelatin, and continue stirring for 0.5 - 1.5 h to obtain the product of Step 1a; in Step 1a, the mass ratio of chitosan to gelatin is 1:(0.2 - 0.6); Step 2a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in Step 1a, continuously stir, and when the temperature of the product obtained in Step 1a drops to 65°C - 75°C, add agar oligosaccharide and citric acid, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 0.5 - 1.5 h to obtain the product of Step 2a; Step 3a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in Step 2a, continuously stir, and when the temperature of the product obtained in Step 2a drops to 50°C - 60°C, add the antibacterial component, keep the temperature unchanged, and continue stirring for 10 - 30 min to obtain the product of Step 3a; Step 4a: Lower the temperature of the product obtained in Step 3a to room temperature, and then defoam the product obtained in Step 3a to obtain the product of Step 4a; Step 5a: Freeze and then thaw the product obtained in Step 4a to obtain the crude chitosan-gelatin complex Step 6a: Dry and crush the crude chitosan-gelatin complex, and then pass through a 40 - 50 mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-gelatin complex.

2. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 1, wherein In Step 2, 3 - 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1 - 5 parts by weight of yeast, 3 - 8 parts by weight of mussel powder, and 0.1 - 0.2 parts by weight of compound vitamins are also added.

3. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compound vitamin is at least two of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 and vitamin K.

4. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antibacterial component is at least one of terpene compounds, tannin compounds, and flavonoid compounds.

5. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 4, wherein, The terpene compound is linalool, carvacrol, or thymol.

6. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flavonoid compound is quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, kaempferol, or rutin.

7. The preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to claim 4, wherein The flavonoid compound is one or more plant extracts.

8. A soaking-resistant and growth-promoting abalone feed, characterized in that, The immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed is prepared by the preparation method of the immersion-resistant growth-promoting abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 - 7.

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