Preparation method of raw American ginseng solution and concentrated American ginseng solution as food raw material
Through the combination of distillation and water extraction technology, high-temperature α-amylase and food-grade defoaming agents are used to solve the problems of high cost and insufficient stability in American ginseng extraction technology, and the efficient preparation of American ginseng stock solution and concentrate solution is achieved, and the Flavored substances, improving extraction rate and food safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411369452.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The existing American ginseng extraction technology is costly and insufficient stability, which can easily lead to harmful substances residues and is difficult to retain flavor substances, affecting food safety and sensory quality.
Using the distillation + water extraction process, using high-temperature α-amylase and food-grade defoaming agent, American ginseng stock solution and concentrate are prepared through two steps of distillation and water extraction, and the distillation distillation liquid is combined to retain the flavor substances and reduced pressure Concentrate to obtain efficient and safe products.
It significantly reduces production costs, improves product stability and flavor retention, increases extraction rates, ensures food safety and quality, and provides a diverse selection of American ginseng products.
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Figure CN119215084A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of food, and relates to a method for preparing a stock solution and a concentrated solution of American ginseng, a food raw material. Background Art
[0002] American ginseng is the dried root of the Araliaceae plant American ginseng, also known as American ginseng, American ginseng, and American ginseng. American ginseng was first recorded in the "Edited Compendium of Materia Medica" and is a "cool" ginseng. It tastes bitter, slightly sweet, and cool in nature. It has the effects of nourishing yin and qi, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, eliminating irritability, clearing away internal heat, supporting the body's vital energy, and resisting fatigue. American ginseng contains an ingredient called ginsenoside, which has the effect of improving the body's resistance. Therefore, people with weak constitutions can play a certain role in strengthening their constitutions by taking American ginseng regularly. For some people with chronic diseases, taking American ginseng will also help control and improve their condition. Its functional effects are specifically manifested in the following aspects: saponins in American ginseng can effectively enhance the central nervous system, achieve the effects of calming the mind, eliminating fatigue, and enhancing memory; regular use of American ginseng can resist arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, myocardial oxidation, and strengthen myocardial contractility. American ginseng can also regulate blood pressure; American ginseng is the first choice of medicinal material for qi-tonifying health care, which can promote serum protein synthesis, bone marrow protein synthesis, and organ protein synthesis; long-term use of American ginseng can reduce blood coagulation, inhibit platelet aggregation, resist atherosclerosis, and promote red blood cell growth; in addition, American ginseng has other functions, such as sedation and alcohol detoxification, promoting metabolism, and inhibiting cancer cell growth. American ginseng was included in the "List of Items That Can Be Used for Health Foods" as early as 2002. With the improvement of national health awareness and the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, American ginseng is becoming more and more widely used in health foods. In addition, American ginseng was included in the catalog of medicine and food homology on November 17, 2023 (Announcement No.: No. 9 of 2023).
[0003] American ginseng slices not only perfectly preserve the natural form of American ginseng, but also fully carry its rich nutritional value. During the processing, American ginseng slices are easier to operate than other forms, and the loss rate is relatively low. In addition, in industrial production, the use of American ginseng slices as raw materials can significantly improve the filtration efficiency during production, reduce the time cost and process cost in the production process, and make production more efficient and economical. Therefore, American ginseng slices not only perform well in preserving the essence of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, but also show their unique advantages in modern industrial production.
[0004] In summary, American ginseng has become increasingly popular in the market due to its excellent nutritional value, and its product types are becoming increasingly diversified. However, the organic solvent extraction and adsorption resin technologies commonly used in the field of American ginseng extraction in China are effective, but they are accompanied by high cost burdens, and the extracted products are not stable enough, and are prone to residual harmful substances, posing a potential threat to food safety. Adsorption resin technology has high requirements for process technology conditions, complex operation, high organic residues, and difficult pretreatment. Therefore, these two methods are generally used for health foods rather than ordinary foods. In addition, both methods are difficult to effectively retain the flavor substances in American ginseng, resulting in loss of sensory quality. In view of this, it is particularly urgent and important to explore and develop a new type of American ginseng extraction technology. This technology solves the above problems, not only significantly reduces production costs, but more importantly, it can perfectly retain the flavor substances in American ginseng, ensuring that the natural flavor and nutritional value of the product are not damaged. Furthermore, this technology has successfully expanded the two major process routes of American ginseng concentrate and concentrate, providing the market with more diversified American ginseng product options to meet the needs of different consumers. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a food raw material American ginseng stock solution in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing American ginseng concentrate.
[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0008] A method for preparing a stock solution of American ginseng, a food raw material, comprises the following steps: taking a piece of American ginseng, adding water to the piece, and distilling the piece in a distillation device; collecting a portion of the distillate during the distillation process, and then stopping the distillation; recovering the American ginseng piece material, the distillation residue, and the distillate after the distillation is completed; mixing the collected piece material with the distillation residue and water; adding a high temperature resistant α-amylase and a food grade defoaming agent; and extracting the piece with water at 90 to 95° C. for 1 to 3 hours. After the extraction is completed, collecting the extract, and combining the extract with the distillate to obtain the American ginseng stock solution.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 400-500 mL of drinking water is added to each gram of American ginseng slices for distillation.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 3-6% of the volume of the drinking water added during the distillation process, and preferably the distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 5% of the volume of the drinking water added during the distillation process.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the initial liquid volume in the water extraction step is the same as the initial volume in the distillation step; based on the amount of American ginseng used in the water extraction step, the amount of high-temperature resistant α-amylase added is 500-1000U / g, and the amount of food-grade defoaming agent added is 0.05-1mL / g; preferably, the amount of high-temperature resistant α-amylase added is 800-1000U / g, and the amount of food-grade defoaming agent added is 0.1-0.3mL / g.
[0012] A method for preparing American ginseng concentrate comprises the following steps:
[0013] (1) distillation: taking American ginseng slices, adding water to distill in a distillation device, collecting a portion of the distillate during the distillation process and then stopping the distillation, and recovering the American ginseng slice material, the distillation residue, and the distillate after the distillation is completed;
[0014] (2) First water extraction: the collected medicinal material was mixed with the distillation residue and water, and a thermostable α-amylase and a food-grade defoaming agent were added. The mixture was extracted with water at 90 to 95° C. for 1 to 3 hours. After the extraction was completed, the extract was collected and named as extract 1;
[0015] (3) Second water extraction: add water, high temperature resistant α-amylase and food grade defoaming agent to the decoction material after the first water extraction, extract at 90-95° C. for 1-3 hours, collect the extract after the water extraction, and name it as extract 2;
[0016] (4) Concentrating under reduced pressure: combining extract 1 and extract 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a water extract concentrate; combining the water extract concentrate with the distillation distillate described in step (1) to obtain the American ginseng concentrate.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), 40-60 mL of drinking water is added to every 1 gram of American ginseng slices, and distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 40%-50% of the volume of the added drinking water.
[0018] As a preference of the present invention, the initial liquid volume of the water extraction step in step (2) and step (3) is the same as the initial liquid volume of the distillation step.
[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the amount of American ginseng used in the water extraction step, the amount of thermostable α-amylase added is 900U / g, the amount of food-grade defoaming agent added is 0.2mL / g, and the total amount of thermostable α-amylase and food-grade defoaming agent is divided into two and added separately in two extractions.
[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water extraction condition is 95° C. for 2 hours.
[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water extract concentrate is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60° C. until the volume of the water extract concentrate is 1.5-2.5% of the total volume of the extract 1 and the extract 2.
[0022] Beneficial effects:
[0023] 1. The process of steaming first and then extracting with water is adopted, and the distilled liquid rich in flavor substances is added back into the water-extracted concentrate, which can retain the flavor of American ginseng to the greatest extent.
[0024] 2. The use of water extraction greatly reduces process costs and steadily improves product safety.
[0025] 3. The use of high-temperature resistant α-amylase is increased in the water extraction step to increase the sweetness of the product while improving production efficiency. American ginseng is rich in starch components. These starches are carbohydrates composed of glucose molecules with complex and diverse structures, mainly including two major categories: amylose and amylopectin. In this process, α-amylase can accurately and randomly hydrolyze the α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch molecules to produce soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides, causing the viscosity of the gelatinous starch solution to drop rapidly. Excessive hydrolysis can produce a small amount of glucose and maltose. In addition, the high-temperature resistance exhibited by this α-amylase enables it to play a more stable and efficient role in the extraction process of American ginseng. Even in a high temperature environment, the enzyme can still maintain its activity, continuously and effectively promoting the hydrolysis reaction of starch, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the extraction process and the high-quality output of the final product.
[0026] 4. The total saponin extraction rate of the American ginseng stock solution and the American ginseng concentrated solution extracted by the present invention is relatively high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 Example 2 American ginseng stock solution process flow
[0028] Figure 2 Example 5 Process flow of American ginseng concentrate DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Example 1
[0030] Weigh 1g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 400mL of water to the distillation device and start distillation by opening the condensed water, collect 12mL of distillate during the distillation process and stop distillation, recover the slice material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate after the distillation is completed, add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish the drinking water to 400mL, add 500U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase (Xiasheng Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), 0.05mL / g of food-grade defoamer, extract (400mL in total) at 90°C for 1 hour, extract and collect the extract, and combine the distillate to obtain about 412mL of American ginseng stock solution. The total ginsenoside content of the American ginseng stock solution extracted by the present invention is 41.34mg / g.
[0031] Example 2
[0032] Weigh 1g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 400mL of water to the distillation device and start distillation by opening the condensed water, collect 20mL of distillate during the distillation process and stop distillation, recover the slice material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate after the distillation is completed, add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish the drinking water to 400mL, add 900U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase (Xiasheng Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), 0.2mL / g of food grade defoamer, extract (400mL in total) at 95°C for 2 hours, extract and collect the extract, and combine the distillate to obtain about 420mL of American ginseng stock solution. The total ginsenoside content of the American ginseng stock solution extracted by the present invention is 46.18mg / g.
[0033] Example 3
[0034] Weigh 1g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 500mL of water to the distillation device and start distillation by opening the condensed water, collect 30mL of distillate during the distillation process and stop distillation, recover the slice material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate after the distillation is completed, add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish the drinking water to 500mL, add 1200U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase (Xiasheng Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), 1mL / g of food-grade defoamer, extract (500mL in total) at 95°C for 3 hours, extract and collect the extract, and combine the distillate to obtain about 530mL of American ginseng stock solution. The total ginsenoside content of the American ginseng stock solution extracted by the present invention is 44.15mg / g.
[0035] Example 4
[0036] Weigh 10g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 400mL of water to the distillation device and open the condensed water to start distillation. During the distillation process, collect 160mL of distillate and stop distillation. After the distillation is completed, recycle the material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate. Then add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish drinking water, add 800U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase, 0.2mL / g of food grade defoamer (both are the total amount added in the first and second water extractions), and reflux the water extraction at 90°C (400mL in total) for 1 hour. After the water extraction is completed, collect the extract, extract the material twice, and collect 800mL of the extract twice. The extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C on a rotary evaporator until 12mL is obtained at the end point. Finally, the distillate is added and combined to obtain 172mL of American ginseng concentrate. The total ginsenoside content of the extracted American ginseng concentrate is 33.41mg / g.
[0037] Example 5
[0038] Weigh 10g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 500mL of water to the distillation device and open the condensed water to start distillation. During the distillation process, collect 200mL of distillate and stop distillation. After the distillation is completed, recycle the material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate. Then add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish drinking water, add 900U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase, and 0.2mL / g of food grade defoamer (both are the total amount added in the first and second water extractions), and perform water extraction reflux (a total of 500mL) at 95°C for 2 hours. After the water extraction is completed, collect the extract, extract the material twice, and collect 1000mL of the extract twice. The extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C on a rotary evaporator until 20mL is obtained at the end point. Finally, add the distillate to combine to obtain 220mL of American ginseng concentrate. The total ginsenoside content of the extracted American ginseng concentrate is 35.20mg / g.
[0039] Example 6
[0040] Weigh 10g of American ginseng slices, set up a distillation device and add the slices, add 600mL of water to the distillation device and open the condensed water to start distillation. During the distillation process, collect 300mL of distillate and stop distillation. After the distillation is completed, recycle the material, distillation residual liquid, and flavor distillate. Then add the collected material to the water extraction reflux device, add the distillation residual liquid and replenish drinking water, add 900U / g of high temperature resistant α-amylase, and 0.2mL / g of food grade defoamer (both are the total amount added in the first and second water extractions), and perform water extraction reflux (a total of 600mL) at 95°C for 3 hours. After the water extraction is completed, collect the extract, extract the material twice, and the conditions are the same as the first time. Collect 1200mL of the extract twice. The extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C on a rotary evaporator until 30mL is obtained at the end point. Finally, add the distillate to combine to obtain 330mL of American ginseng concentrate. The total ginsenoside content of the extracted American ginseng concentrate is 32.17mg / g.
[0041] Comparative Example:
[0042] Take 10g of American ginseng in a water extraction device, add 800mL of water for water decoction extraction, extract for 1.5h, filter, extract the filtrate American ginseng for a second time, add 800mL of water for extraction for 1.5h, filter again for a third extraction, the operation is the same as the first two times, collect the filtrate, and finally combine the three American ginseng extracts to obtain the total American ginseng extract. The total ginsenoside content of the extracted solution was detected to be 9.93mg / g.
[0043] The saponin detection method is as follows:
[0044] Preparation of standard solution: Ginsenoside Re standard stock solution (0.2 mg / mL): Accurately weigh 10 mg (accurate to 0.01 mg) of ginsenoside Re standard sample into a 50 mL volumetric flask, dissolve it with methanol and make up to the scale, and shake well.
[0045] Prepare 70% ethanol: Take 70 mL of anhydrous ethanol, add water to make 100 mL, and mix well;
[0046] Prepare vanillin solution: weigh 5 g of vanillin, dissolve it in glacial acetic acid and make up to 100 mL, mix well.
[0047] Column chromatography: 3 cm of activated macroporous resin is placed in a glass chromatography column with an inner diameter of 1.5 cm, and 1 cm of neutral alumina is added on top. First, wash the column with 25 mL of 70% ethanol, discard the eluent, and then elute with about 25 mL of water until there is no alcohol taste, discard the eluent, add 1.0 mL of the sample solution, elute with 25 mL of water, discard the eluent, and then elute the ginsenosides with 25 mL of 70% ethanol at a speed of no more than 3 mL / min until the eluent is colorless, collect the eluent in an evaporating dish, place it in a 60°C water bath and evaporate it, dissolve the residue with a small amount of methanol and transfer it to a 10 mL stoppered colorimetric tube for use.
[0048] Preparation of standard curve: Pipette 0.0mL, 0.4mL, 0.6mL, 0.8mL, 1.0mL, and 1.2mL of ginsenoside Re standard solution into a 10mL stoppered colorimetric tube, place in a water bath to evaporate the solvent, add 0.2mL of vanillin solution, then add 0.8mL of perchloric acid, mix well to dissolve all the residue, heat in a 60℃ water bath for 10min, take out, cool in an ice bath, add 5.0mL of glacial acetic acid, shake well, use the corresponding reagent as blank, and immediately measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 560nm.
[0049] Determination of sample solution: Take the solution to be tested and determine the absorbance in the same way as the standard solution.
[0050] The total saponin content in the sample (measured as ginsenoside Re) is calculated as follows:
[0051]
[0052] Where:
[0053] X i —The content of total saponins in the sample (calculated as ginsenoside Re), in milligrams per 100 milliliters (mg / 100 mL);
[0054] C i —Calculate the mass of ginsenoside Re in the test solution from the standard curve, in milligrams (mg);
[0055] V—the dilution volume of the sample to be tested, in milliliters (mL);
[0056] V0—the volume of sample solution used for column chromatography, in milliliters (mL);
[0057] m—sample volume, in milliliters (mL);
[0058] 100—Unit conversion.
[0059] The calculated results were expressed as the arithmetic mean of two independent determination results obtained under repeated conditions, with three significant figures retained.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a food raw material American ginseng stock solution, characterized in that: Take American ginseng slices, add water and distill, collect a part of the distillation distillate during the distillation process and then stop the distillation, recover the American ginseng slice material, the distillation residual liquid and the distillation distillate after the distillation is completed, then mix the collected slice material with the distillation residual liquid and water, add high temperature resistant α-amylase and food grade defoaming agent, extract with water at 90-95°C for 1-3 hours, collect the extract after the extraction is completed, and combine the extract with the distillation distillate to obtain the American ginseng stock solution.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Add 400-500 mL of drinking water to each gram of American ginseng slices for distillation.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 3-6% of the volume of the drinking water added during the distillation process. Preferably, the distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 5% of the volume of the drinking water added during the distillation process.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial liquid volume of the water extraction step is the same as the initial volume of the distillation step; based on the amount of American ginseng used in the water extraction step, the amount of high-temperature resistant α-amylase added is 500-1200 U / g, and the amount of food-grade defoaming agent added is 0.05-1 mL / g.
5. A method for preparing American ginseng concentrate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) distillation: taking American ginseng slices, adding water to distill in a distillation device, collecting a portion of the distillate during the distillation process and then stopping the distillation, and recovering the American ginseng slice material, the distillation residue, and the distillate after the distillation is completed; (2) First water extraction: the collected medicinal material was mixed with the distillation residue and water, and a thermostable α-amylase and a food-grade defoaming agent were added. The mixture was extracted with water at 90 to 95° C. for 1 to 3 hours. After the extraction was completed, the extract was collected and named as extract 1; (3) Second water extraction: add water and a high temperature resistant α-amylase food grade defoaming agent to the first water-extracted slice material, extract at 90-95° C. for 1-3 hours, and collect the extract after the extraction is completed, which is named Extract 2; (4) Concentrating under reduced pressure: combining extract 1 and extract 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a water extract concentrate; combining the water extract concentrate with the distillation distillate described in step (1) to obtain the American ginseng concentrate.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), 40-60 mL of drinking water is added to every 1 gram of American ginseng slices, and distillation is stopped when the volume of the distillate reaches 40%-50% of the volume of the added drinking water.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The initial liquid volume of the water extraction step in step (2) and step (3) is the same as the initial liquid volume of the distillation step.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the amount of American ginseng used in the water extraction step, the amount of thermostable α-amylase added was 900 U / g, the amount of food-grade defoaming agent added was 0.2 mL / g, and the total amount of α-amylase and food-grade defoaming agent was divided into two and added separately in two extractions.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water extraction condition was 95°C for 2 hours.
10. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C until the volume of the aqueous extract concentrate was 1.5-2.5% of the total volume of the extract 1 and the extract 2.