Fire-fighting emergency top-attaching smoke exhaust through hole device
By setting up a top smoke exhaust through-hole device in the building, a smoke exhaust channel without dead corners is formed, which solves the problem of difficulty in quickly discharge smoke in fire accidents, reduces the casualty rate and simplifies the system design, and achieves efficient smoke emissions .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411513465.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The existing fire protection system cannot effectively solve the problem of smoke suffocation in fire accidents, resulting in high casualties, and the forced power smoke exhaust system is complex and expensive.
Design a fire emergency top smoke exhaust through-hole device, by setting up independent top smoke exhaust channels in the fire-proof area of the building and corridor corridor area, using the through-hole structure on the ceiling and wall beams and slabs and automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism , form a smoke exhaust channel without dead corners to ensure that the smoke can be discharged quickly.
The rapid discharge of smoke is achieved, the mortality rate of smoke smog and suffocation is reduced, the time and opportunity for evacuation and escape rescue is increased, and the complexity and cost of the system is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN119221678A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the general technical field of building fire safety industry, and in particular to a fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust through-hole device. Background Art
[0002] Fire emergency smoke exhaust has forced power exhaust and natural wind pressure gravity exhaust. For forced power exhaust of the entire building, the entire system including construction, maintenance and operation is quite complicated and costly, and even all previous efforts will be wasted in a fault state.
[0003] Currently, buildings have fire protection systems (fire extinguishers, water, foam and other equipment pipeline sprinkler alarm systems and accident discharge systems and evacuation and rescue), heating, ventilation, air conditioning, smoke exhaust and other systems. However, a large proportion of casualties in fire accidents are caused by smoke inhalation and suffocation, and there is no systematic and complete essential solution to this problem. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem that there is a lack of essential solutions to the problem of smoke suffocation in fire accidents in the background technology, and to propose a fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole device, which aims to essentially set up a fixed and permanent smoke exhaust system, and innovate a fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole device, which only slightly changes and configures the building structure layout, requires little investment, does not affect the use function of the building structure, can exhaust smoke smoothly and in time without dead ends, can greatly reduce the death and casualty rate of smoke suffocation, and increase the evacuation and rescue time and opportunities.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust through-hole device, each independent fire partition of the building, each closed, semi-closed functional unit in a single fire partition or a plurality of smaller functional areas, each floor corridor area, each floor area or interval layer or every two or three floors area of the stairwell, is provided with an independent fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust passage leading to the outside atmosphere. It consists of two parts, one part is the ceiling or top plate surface and its adjacent edge enclosed part in the upper area of the space, and the other part is the through-hole part embedded in the wall beam plate closely attached to the ceiling or top plate surface, the through-hole part includes a through-hole ring, an opening structure reinforcement part, baffles at both ends of the through-hole and an automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism of the baffle linkage, and a rain and windproof protruding part extending out of the outer wall beam plate.
[0006] Preferably, for each independent fire partition or multiple smaller functional areas separated therefrom, and corridors, a ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole is provided on the wall beam plate entity enclosed by the building's internal roof or ceiling, forming a smoke exhaust channel from the inside to the outside, which is connected to the outside atmosphere. The ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole is provided on the exterior wall, interior wall, and all the ceiling-mounted wall beam plates in the independent smoke exhaust channel area, and is maintained through without any breakpoints. The ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole is different from the exterior windows, interior doors, exterior doors, and interior windows of the building to form an independent additional ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust channel.
[0007] Preferably, each independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust channel area has a plurality of independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust through holes, each of which directly leads to the outdoor atmosphere.
[0008] Preferably, the direction of the smoke exhaust channel is set to be unidirectional, and the smoke exhaust channel can be branched along the smoke exhaust flow direction.
[0009] Preferably, the last smoke exhaust outlet is the highest point of each independent smoke exhaust partition functional space in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel; there is no smoke exhaust blind corner area or smoke exhaust step obstacle where the height of the ceiling or the lower surface of the top plate drops in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel; the top surface in the direction of the smoke exhaust channel remains smooth, horizontal and or gradually and slowly rises in height; there is at least one gradually rising top plate step or an inclined rising smoke exhaust slope with an upward slope in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel, forming an initial exhaust power to promote smoke exhaust.
[0010] Preferably, when the smoke exhaust passage close to the ceiling encounters a wall beam panel on the flow direction, in order to avoid the formation of a smoke exhaust dead angle or a smoke exhaust step obstacle, and to keep the smoke exhaust passage running smoothly and horizontally or obliquely upward and outward, and to keep the structure firm and stable, an upward-turned beam is provided at the smoke exhaust through hole close to the ceiling of the wall beam panel, or a hole is opened in the beam, and the upper and lower parts of the beam hole and the upper and lower connecting parts are strengthened to form a complete load-bearing member, and the wall beam panel is a partition wall, a main beam or secondary beam of the structure, a structural purlin, a decorative panel or other functional panel; or a circle of reinforcing structural members is provided along the periphery of the through hole to enclose a smoke exhaust through hole close to the ceiling that passes through the wall beam panel, to ensure that the overall structure of the wall beam panel at the smoke exhaust through hole close to the ceiling is firm and reliable.
[0011] Preferably, the upper door, window, balcony openings, pedestrian passages or other required functional areas and the lower smoke exhaust hole area are far away, staggered and do not intersect on the vertical projection plane.
[0012] Preferably, baffles and their linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms are arranged on both sides or in the ceiling smoke exhaust through hole. The linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism can be opened manually or automatically, and after opening, it can be linked to automatic or manual reset to close the baffles to block air flow.
[0013] Preferably, the extended shell of the smoke exhaust hole close to the ceiling extends out of the inner wall or the outer wall, and the part protruding from the outer wall has the function of rainwater discharge and isolation. The extended shell twists in a spiral or in a grid-like manner in the extended space to discharge smoke.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0015] 1. All spaces that require smoke exhaust are equipped with ceiling exhaust holes, which penetrate beams and walls. Multiple ceiling exhaust holes work in conjunction to form multiple exhaust channels. The indoor ceiling of the building gradually rises in the direction of exhaust, completely solving the problem of smoke accumulation in the upper space and essentially solving the problem of smoke being difficult to exhaust quickly.
[0016] 2. Full consideration has been given to the reinforcement of beam and wall perforations. For spaces that require functions such as heat preservation, cold insulation, insulation, airtightness, sound insulation, partitioning, and light protection, baffles and their linked automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms are set on both sides of the ceiling smoke exhaust holes to achieve the opening and closing functions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a smoke exhaust diagram for fire compartments.
[0019] Figure numerals: 1. Fire partition; 2. Corridor; 3. Ceiling smoke exhaust hole; 4. External wall; 5. Internal wall; 6. External window; 7. Internal door; 8. Wall beam and plate; 9. External door; 10. Internal window; 11. Top plate of smoke exhaust area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Embodiment 1
[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device, each independent fire partition 1 of the building structure, and each closed, semi-closed functional unit in a single fire partition 1 or a plurality of smaller functional areas thereof, each floor corridor area, stairwell, each floor area or interval layer or multiple interval areas, is provided with an independent fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust passage leading to the external atmosphere, which consists of two parts, one part is the ceiling or top plate surface and the adjacent edge enclosed part of the upper area of the space, and the other part is the through-hole part embedded in the wall beam plate member close to the ceiling or top plate surface, the through-hole part is composed of a through-hole ring, an opening structure reinforcement part, baffles at both ends of the through-hole and an automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism of the baffle linkage, and a rain and windproof protruding part extending out of the outer wall beam plate member.
[0022] During implementation, first, when arranging the building structure plan, the layout realizes the functional zoning of the building structure including fire partitions, columns, beams, walls, stairs, doors and windows including fire doors and fire rescue windows, and personnel logistics channels and evacuation channels, determines the possible and optimal smoke exhaust flow direction of all spaces, and determines the location of the through holes. Secondly, through holes are opened close to the top, through beams when encountering beams, through walls when encountering walls, and the height of the finished lower surface of the structural floor slab or the lower surface of the ceiling in the direction of smoke exhaust is gradually raised slightly, especially the reinforcement of the through holes of beams and wall panels, and the unification and coordination of the permanent facade at the through holes of wall beam panels. Finally, select, install and debug the baffles and opening and closing mechanisms that meet the functional requirements of the building, including matching the centralized fire alarm control system.
[0023] Embodiment 2
[0024] like Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, a fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust hole device proposed by the present invention, compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment introduces the specific structure of the ceiling smoke exhaust channel.
[0025] The building body includes multiple independent fire partitions 1 and corridors 2. The walls of the fire partitions 1 and corridors 2 that are in contact with the external environment are external walls 4, and the walls that are not in contact with the external environment are internal walls 5. External windows 6 are arranged on the external walls 4, and internal windows 10 are arranged on the internal walls 5. The building body forms multiple smoke exhaust channels from the inside to the outside. The smoke exhaust direction is as follows: Figure 1 As shown by the arrow in the middle, there are many forms of smoke exhaust channels, such as the corridor 2 exhausts smoke from the inside to the outside, the fire partition 1 exhausts smoke from the inside to the outside, the corridor 2 and the fire partition 1 exhaust smoke in a coordinated manner, multiple fire partitions 1 exhaust smoke in a coordinated manner, and some areas of the outer wall 4 are provided with external doors 9. In short, the overall trend of the smoke exhaust channel is from the inside to the outside, and the fire partition 1 is provided with an internal door 7. Taking a shopping mall as an example, the fire partition 1 is each storefront, stairwell, public room, etc.; the ceiling smoke exhaust channel includes:
[0026] The smoke exhaust area top plate 11 is arranged on the path of the smoke exhaust channel and is located on the ceiling of the upper area of the space where the smoke exhaust channel area is located;
[0027] And the top smoke exhaust hole 3 is set on the wall beam plate entity enclosed by the top plate or ceiling of the building, forming a smoke exhaust channel from the inside to the outside, which is connected to the outside atmosphere; the top smoke exhaust hole 3 is set on the outer wall 4, the inner wall 5 and all the top wall beam plates 8 in the independent smoke exhaust channel area, and keeps through without leaving any breakpoints. Each independent top smoke exhaust channel area has multiple independent top smoke exhaust holes 3, each of which directly leads to the outdoor atmosphere. The specific number depends on the number of fire partitions 1 attached from the inside to the outside. If there is only one fire partition 1, from the smoke exhaust channel path formed by the corridor 2 and the fire partition 1, it is only necessary to open at least one top smoke exhaust hole 3 on the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 4 of the fire partition 1. The above-mentioned wall beam plate 8 is a partition wall, a structural main beam and secondary beam, a structural purlin, a decorative plate or other functional plate.
[0028] Embodiment 3
[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through hole device proposed by the present invention, compared with the second embodiment, this embodiment introduces the structure of the ceiling smoke exhaust through hole 3 in detail.
[0030] Each independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust channel area includes at least one independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole 3 directly connected to the outdoor atmosphere. The net size of the smoke exhaust hole section is 50-200 mm in height and 200-800 mm in width. The net hole size can be larger or smaller according to the measured smoke exhaust volume.
[0031] The last smoke exhaust port, that is, the last ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole 3 is arranged at the highest point of each independent fire partition 1 in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel. There is no smoke exhaust dead corner area or smoke exhaust step obstacle where the ceiling or the lower surface of the top plate 11 of the smoke exhaust area drops in height in the direction of the smoke exhaust channel. The top in the direction of the smoke exhaust channel, that is, the lower surface of the top plate 11 of the smoke exhaust area, remains smooth. In the direction of smoke exhaust, the top plate 11 of the smoke exhaust area is horizontal and or gradually rises. When a gradually rising inclined structure is adopted, the rising slope of the top plate 11 of the smoke exhaust area is 0.2-0.5%; there are at least two lifted smoke exhaust area top plates 11 or inclined rising smoke exhaust area top plates 11 in the direction of the smoke exhaust channel, which is convenient for forming an initial exhaust power to promote smoke exhaust.
[0032] In the direction of the ceiling smoke exhaust passage, when encountering obstacles, a ceiling smoke exhaust hole 3 is set to penetrate the obstacles, such as partition walls, various beams, structural purlins or decorative panels or other functional panels. In order not to form a smoke exhaust dead angle, in order not to form a smoke exhaust ladder obstacle, and to keep the smoke exhaust passage smoothly and horizontally or tilted upward and outward, and to maintain the firmness and stability of the structure, a reinforcement structure is set at the ceiling smoke exhaust hole 3 of the obstacle to ensure the strength of the ceiling smoke exhaust hole 3. Specifically, an upward flip beam is set, that is, under the beam The surface is flush with the lower surface of the floor slab, or a hole is opened in the beam, and a complete load-bearing member composed of the upper and lower parts of the reinforced beam hole and the upper and lower connecting parts is adopted to achieve the purpose of not weakening the beam body, or a circle of reinforcing structural members are arranged around the top smoke exhaust hole 3 to enclose a wall beam plate structure and pass through the top smoke exhaust hole 3 with a circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or flat cross-section, to ensure that the wall beam plate structure at the top smoke exhaust hole 3 is firm and reliable as a whole, and continuously bears loads including bending moment, tension, compression, torsion and shear loads.
[0033] In order to prevent exhaust smoke from drifting into the upper door, window and balcony openings, and to prevent the upper pedestrian and logistics passages or other fire compartments 1 from being provided with upward-flipped beams to form thresholds or steps that hinder passage or functional applications, it should be ensured that the upper door, window and balcony openings, pedestrian passages or fire compartments 1 and the lower ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3 are as far away, staggered and non-intersecting as possible on the vertical projection plane; if an intersection is bound to be formed, the floor slab can be directly reinforced as much as possible within the entire floor slab thickness or a circular reinforcement ring can be used to enclose the ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3; or additional independent ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3 can be additionally arranged to increase independent ceiling smoke exhaust outlets that directly lead to the outdoor atmosphere.
[0034] Embodiment 4
[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole device proposed by the present invention, compared with the first or second embodiment, this embodiment introduces the design requirements of the smoke exhaust channel in detail.
[0036] The smoke exhaust channel is set to be unidirectional and can be branched but not merged. Specifically, branching means that the smoke exhaust channel of the corridor 2 is separated into multiple fire partitions 1 through multiple ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust holes 3 on the inner wall 5 to form multiple smoke exhaust channels. The smoke exhaust channel is not merged, which means that multiple smoke exhaust channels will not be merged and exhaust smoke from one ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust hole 3, thereby ensuring the efficiency of smoke exhaust.
[0037] Embodiment 5
[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust hole device proposed by the present invention, compared with the third embodiment, this embodiment introduces in detail the protection and opening structure of the ceiling smoke exhaust hole 3.
[0039] On the top smoke exhaust hole 3 at the wall beam plate in the direction of the smoke exhaust passage, baffles and their linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms are arranged on both sides; the material components of the baffles and their linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms should be fire-retardant insulation materials or their covering and protective structures that meet the fire protection level; they can be linked to automatically or manually open the top smoke exhaust hole 3 for ventilation; after opening, they can be linked to automatically or manually reset to close the baffle to block the air flow and realize the functions of heat preservation, cold insulation, airtightness, sound insulation, partition and light protection required by the functional space. The baffle linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism can be set to debug opening, linkage start-up opening in case of fireworks and fire alarms, including but not limited to high temperature sensing in case of fireworks, or light or smoke sensing, or air pressure sensing, or high temperature combustion melting weight loss and rupture sensing, or opening the baffle by spring or gravity or counterweight or electric strong linkage, opening the smoke exhaust passage, and promoting and realizing the smoke exhaust function. The simplest method is to embed only a blocking body in the smoke exhaust hole 3 close to the ceiling, drop a rope, and in an emergency, drag the rope to pull down the blocking body, and open the smoke exhaust hole 3 close to the ceiling to exhaust smoke.
[0040] Each independent smoke exhaust hole 3 attached to the ceiling has an extended hole structure, which can protrude upward from the inner wall 5 or the outer wall 4 in a horizontal straight line, a diagonal line or an inclined line. The protruding part of the outer wall 4 has the ability to isolate rainwater and release wind. Specifically, the smoke exhaust hole 3 attached to the ceiling can be large or small, and the upper surface of the upper part can be smooth for drainage and the two sides can drip water at low positions to form a canopy structure. The outlet of the outer wall 4 can have a downward and outward inclined partition to prevent water from entering. The outlet of the outer wall 4 can be provided with a water diversion pit on the lower surface at the center of the wall thickness and a downward and outward drainage hole pipe can be provided in the center of the pit. The protruding structure can be slightly twisted in a spiral or grid to discharge smoke when the extended space and the facade allow, so as to prevent water or wind from entering, or the smoke can be exhausted as much as possible and without interruption even if there is external wind pressure.
[0041] In summary, in the present invention, all spaces with smoke exhaust requirements are provided with ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3, which penetrate beams and walls, and multiple ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3 work in conjunction to form multiple smoke exhaust channels. The indoor ceiling of the building gradually rises in the direction of exhaust, which completely solves the problem of smoke accumulation in the upper space, and essentially solves the problem of smoke being difficult to quickly exhaust. At the same time, the reinforcement of beam and wall perforations is fully considered. For spaces that require functions such as heat preservation, cold insulation, airtightness, sound insulation, partitioning, and light protection, the present invention sets baffles on both sides of the ceiling smoke exhaust holes 3 and their linkage automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms to achieve the opening and closing functions.
[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device, characterized in that: Each independent fire compartment (1) of a building structure, each closed or semi-closed functional unit within a single fire compartment (1) or a plurality of smaller functional areas thereof, each floor corridor area, each floor area of a stairwell or an interval layer or an interval of two or three floors, is provided with an independent fire emergency ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust passage leading to the outside atmosphere, which is composed of two parts, one part is the ceiling or top plate surface of the upper area of the space and its adjacent edge enclosed part, and the other part is a through hole part embedded in the wall beam plate member closely attached to the ceiling or top plate surface, the through hole part includes a through hole ring, an opening structure reinforcement part, baffles at both ends of the through hole and an automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism linked to the baffles, and a rain and windproof protruding part extending out of the outer wall beam plate member.
2. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: For each independent fire partition (1) or multiple smaller functional areas separated therefrom, and corridors (2), a top-mounted smoke exhaust hole (3) is provided on the wall beam plate entity enclosed by the building's internal top plate or ceiling, forming a smoke exhaust passage from the inside to the outside, which is connected to the outside atmosphere; the top-mounted smoke exhaust hole (3) is provided on the external wall (4), the internal wall (5) and all the top-mounted wall beam plates (8) in the independent smoke exhaust passage area, and is maintained through without any breakpoints; the top-mounted smoke exhaust hole (3) is different from the building's external window (6), internal door (7), external door (9) and internal window (10) to form an independent additional top-mounted smoke exhaust passage; the wall beam plate (8) is a partition wall, a structural main beam or secondary beam, a structural purlin, a decorative plate or other functional plate.
3. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust channel area has a plurality of independent ceiling-mounted smoke exhaust through holes (3) each of which directly leads to the outdoor atmosphere.
4. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The direction of the smoke exhaust channel is set to be unidirectional, and the smoke exhaust channel can be branched along the smoke exhaust flow direction.
5. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The final smoke exhaust outlet is the highest point of each independent smoke exhaust partition functional space in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel; there is no smoke exhaust dead corner area or smoke exhaust step obstacle where the height of the ceiling or the lower surface of the top plate drops in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel; the top surface in the direction of the smoke exhaust channel remains smooth, horizontal and or gradually and slowly rises in height; there is at least one gradually rising top plate step or an inclined smoke exhaust slope with an upward slope in the flow direction of the smoke exhaust channel, forming an initial exhaust power to promote smoke exhaust.
6. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the smoke exhaust passage close to the ceiling meets the wall beam plate (8) in the upward direction, in order to avoid the formation of smoke exhaust dead corners or smoke exhaust step obstacles, and to keep the smoke exhaust passage running smoothly horizontally or obliquely upward and outward, and to keep the structure strong and stable, an upward-turned beam is arranged at the smoke exhaust through hole (3) close to the ceiling of the wall beam plate (8), or a hole is opened in the beam, and the upper and lower parts of the beam hole and the upper and lower connecting parts are used to form a complete load-bearing member; or a circle of reinforcing structural members are arranged along the periphery of the through hole to enclose the smoke exhaust through hole (3) close to the ceiling passing through the wall beam plate (8), so as to ensure that the overall structure of the wall beam plate (8) at the smoke exhaust through hole (3) close to the ceiling is strong and reliable.
7. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper door, window, balcony openings, pedestrian passages or other required functional areas and the lower smoke exhaust hole area are far away, staggered and non-intersecting on the vertical projection plane.
8. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Baffles and their linked automatic emergency opening and closing mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the ceiling smoke exhaust through hole (3) or in the hole; the linked automatic emergency opening and closing mechanism can be opened manually or automatically, and after opening, it can be linked to automatic or manual reset to close the baffles so as to cut off the air flow.
9. The fire emergency ceiling smoke exhaust through-hole device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protruding shell of the top smoke exhaust hole (3) protrudes from the inner wall or the outer wall, and the protruding portion of the outer wall has a rainwater discharge and isolation function. The protruding shell is twisted in a spiral or in a lattice manner to discharge smoke in the protruding space.