Fuel cell thermal management monitoring system and thermal management method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell thermal management monitoring system and a thermal management method. The fuel cell thermal management monitoring system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a strategy execution module, the strategy execution module comprises an air sub-device, a fuel sub-device, a cooling sub-device and an electrical sub-device. According to the invention, the temperature of the fuel cell, the conductivity of the cooling liquid and the flow of the cooling liquid are monitored in real time, whether the cell leaks or not is judged, the temperature of the fuel cell is controlled within a relatively accurate range, the temperature of the fuel cell, the conductivity of the cooling liquid and the flow of the cooling liquid are controlled and regulated, and possible leakage conditions are effectively processed; and the overall performance and reliability of the fuel cell are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell thermal management, and in particular relates to a fuel cell thermal management monitoring system and a thermal management method. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cell temperature affects the thermal efficiency, durability and life of the fuel cell stack. Too high a fuel cell temperature can lead to material failure, temperature runaway or even shutdown of the entire plant. However, if the fuel cell temperature is too low, the sealing material of the fuel cell stack cannot be effectively sealed at low temperatures, resulting in gas leakage. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel cell should be controlled within a precise range. In addition, the fuel cell may also face problems such as abnormal coolant conductivity and unstable coolant flow. Among them, excessively high coolant conductivity may lead to increased risks of leakage and corrosion, while unstable coolant flow will affect the heat dissipation effect, thereby affecting battery performance.

[0003] Therefore, a fuel cell thermal management monitoring system or a thermal management method is needed to promptly warn of abnormal conditions of the fuel cell and process the abnormal conditions, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the fuel cell.

[0004] For example, the Chinese patent with the announcement number CN110828865B discloses a fuel cell thermal management system and method, which belongs to the field of new energy battery technology. The fuel cell thermal management system includes a fluid driving device, a flow control device and a conductivity measuring device. The coolant transported by the fluid driving device flows through the first branch and the second branch, converges and flows through the fuel cell stack, and flows back to the fluid driving device. A deionizer is provided on the first branch, and the flow control device is configured to adjust the flow of the coolant flowing through the first branch and the second branch respectively. The conductivity measuring device is configured to measure the conductivity of the coolant. However, the patent does not monitor the temperature of the fuel cell, so there is a lack of corresponding control methods; the leakage of the fuel cell is not monitored, and the abnormality of the fuel cell cannot be well monitored and handled, resulting in the overall performance of the fuel cell being not high enough.

[0005] For example, the Chinese patent with announcement number CN214189377U discloses a fuel cell thermal management system, which separates the heat dissipation fan, conductivity monitoring, liquid level monitoring and other components that are relatively concentrated in the fuel cell system from the fuel cell system controller system, and designs a thermal management controller to uniformly manage the heat dissipation fan, conductivity monitoring, and liquid level monitoring. On the one hand, it reduces the uncertainty of the fuel cell system controller design, and on the other hand, it solves the problem that the fuel cell heat dissipation module is far away from the fuel cell system. However, this patent does not monitor the temperature of the fuel cell, so there is no corresponding control method, and it also lacks a control method or management strategy for conductivity and flow; it does not monitor the possible leakage of the fuel cell, and cannot monitor and handle fuel cell abnormalities well, resulting in the overall performance of the fuel cell being not high enough. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell thermal management monitoring system and a thermal management method.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A fuel cell thermal management monitoring system provided by the present invention comprises: a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a strategy execution module;

[0009] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module;

[0010] The data processing module is used to set alternative management strategies, set alarm thresholds, obtain status information of the fuel cell according to operating parameters of the fuel cell, match alternative management strategies according to the alarm thresholds, operating parameters and status information of the fuel cell, and obtain management strategies to be executed;

[0011] The strategy execution module is used to execute the management strategy to be executed, control the operation of the fuel cell, and adjust the fuel cell;

[0012] The strategy execution module includes: air sub-equipment, fuel sub-equipment, cooling sub-equipment and electrical sub-equipment;

[0013] The air sub-device is used to control the fuel cell to inhale air;

[0014] The fuel sub-device is used to control the gas circulation in the fuel cell and discharge the waste gas and accumulated water;

[0015] The cooling sub-device is used to control the coolant in the fuel cell to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0016] The electrical sub-device is used to control valves within the fuel cell and to increase the temperature of the fuel cell.

[0017] Preferably, the data acquisition module comprises: a sensor unit, a flow meter unit and a communication unit;

[0018] The sensor unit includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a conductivity sensor;

[0019] The flow meter unit includes: a turbine flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter and an electromagnetic flow meter;

[0020] The communication unit is used to transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module, and the operating parameters of the fuel cell are obtained through the sensor unit and the flow meter unit.

[0021] Preferably, the data processing module comprises: a policy setting unit, a threshold storage unit, a state detection unit and a policy matching unit;

[0022] The policy setting unit is used to set an alternative management policy;

[0023] The threshold storage unit is used to set and store the alarm threshold;

[0024] The state detection unit is used to obtain the state information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell;

[0025] The strategy matching unit is used to match the candidate management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed.

[0026] Preferably, the air sub-equipment comprises: an air compressor and a cathode chamber;

[0027] The air compressor is used to compress air and deliver it to the fuel cell;

[0028] The cathode chamber is used for the fuel cell to react with oxygen to generate electric current;

[0029] The fuel sub-device claimed includes: an exhaust valve;

[0030] The exhaust valve is used to exhaust waste gas and accumulated water in the fuel cell.

[0031] Preferably, the cooling sub-device comprises: a water pump, a three-way valve, a cathode heat exchanger, a cooling chamber, a deionizer, a radiator and a proportional valve;

[0032] The water pump is used to adjust the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling sub-device;

[0033] The three-way valve is used to adjust the temperature of the cooling sub-device;

[0034] The cathode heat exchanger is used to perform heat exchange through a coolant, control cathode temperature, and control cathode humidity;

[0035] The cooling chamber is used to connect to the fuel cell and transport the cooling liquid;

[0036] The deionizer is used to maintain the conductivity of the cooling liquid;

[0037] The radiator is used to reduce the temperature of the coolant;

[0038] The proportional valve is used to control the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the fuel cell.

[0039] Preferably, the electrical sub-equipment comprises: an inner membrane controller, a PTC heater and an electrically controlled thermostat;

[0040] The inner membrane controller is used to control the valve;

[0041] The PTC heater is used to heat the fuel cell;

[0042] The electronically controlled thermostat is used to control whether the coolant passes through the radiator.

[0043] A fuel cell thermal management method is implemented by the above-mentioned fuel cell thermal management monitoring system, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Setting alternative management strategies and alarm thresholds through the data processing module;

[0045] S2, the data acquisition module acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmits the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module;

[0046] S3, the data processing module obtains the status information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell, matches the alternative management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the status information of the fuel cell, and obtains the management strategy to be executed;

[0047] S4, the policy execution module executes the management policy to be executed;

[0048] The alternative management strategies include: leakage management strategy, temperature management strategy, conductivity reduction management strategy and flow management strategy;

[0049] The temperature management strategy includes: a temperature increase management strategy and a temperature decrease management strategy;

[0050] The traffic management strategy includes: an increase traffic management strategy and a decrease traffic management strategy.

[0051] Preferably, the leakage management strategy specifically refers to: closing the valves of the air compressor, the exhaust valve, the cathode chamber and the radiator through the inner membrane controller to cut off the contact between the fuel and the oxygen;

[0052] The temperature rise management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in a stopped working state, the water pump is operated at a first speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat prevents the coolant from passing through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the coolant flow is low and the PTC heater is in an operating state;

[0053] The cooling management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in working state, the water pump is running at the second speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat allows the coolant to pass through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the flow of the coolant is in a normal state and the PTC heater is in a stopped state;

[0054] The conductivity reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the deionizer so that the conductivity of the coolant is less than the conductivity threshold;

[0055] The flow rate increase management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is less than the first flow rate threshold;

[0056] The flow reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is greater than the second flow rate threshold.

[0057] Preferably, the alarm thresholds include: preset output power, preset speed value of the water pump, temperature threshold, time threshold, coolant conductivity threshold and coolant flow threshold;

[0058] The preset speed value of the water pump includes: a first speed value and a second speed value;

[0059] The temperature threshold comprises: a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold;

[0060] The coolant flow threshold comprises: a first flow threshold and a second flow threshold;

[0061] The operating parameters of the fuel cell include: operating time, temperature rise data, outlet temperature, coolant conductivity and coolant flow rate;

[0062] The state information of the fuel cell includes: a leakage state and a non-leakage state.

[0063] Preferably, matching the candidate management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed comprises the following steps:

[0064] S31, judging the state information of the fuel cell, if it is a leakage state, selecting the leakage management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and proceeding to step S35, otherwise proceeding to step S32;

[0065] S32, judging the operating parameters of the fuel cell, if the operating time is greater than the time threshold and the temperature rise data is lower than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the operating time is less than or equal to the time threshold or the temperature rise data is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the outlet temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold, the temperature drop management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, otherwise the process goes directly to step S33;

[0066] S33, judging the conductivity of the coolant of the fuel cell, if the coolant conductivity is greater than the coolant conductivity threshold, selecting the conductivity reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S34, otherwise directly entering step S34;

[0067] S34, judging the coolant flow rate of the fuel cell, if the coolant flow rate is greater than the second flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, if the coolant flow rate is less than the first flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate increase management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, otherwise directly entering step S35;

[0068] S35. Combine corresponding management strategies and obtain management strategies to be executed.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0070] 1. Obtain the operating parameters of the fuel cell through the data acquisition module to monitor the temperature, coolant conductivity, and coolant flow of the fuel cell in real time and determine whether the battery is leaking;

[0071] 2. Match the alternative management strategy according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell through the data processing module, obtain the management strategy to be executed, and execute the management strategy to be executed through the strategy execution module to control the temperature of the fuel cell within a more precise range;

[0072] 3. Thermal management is performed by combining operating parameters, alarm thresholds, status information and management strategies to control the temperature, coolant conductivity and coolant flow of the fuel cell, and effectively handle possible leakage, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a thermal management method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3It is a flow chart of obtaining a management strategy to be executed provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, a fuel cell thermal management monitoring system includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a strategy execution module;

[0078] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module;

[0079] The data acquisition module includes: a sensor unit, a flow meter unit and a communication unit;

[0080] The sensor unit includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a conductivity sensor;

[0081] The fuel cell includes: a stack. The stack includes: a cathode and an anode. In this embodiment, the fuel cell also includes: a coolant. The coolant circulates in the cooling sub-device.

[0082] In this embodiment, three temperature sensors are provided, wherein the first temperature sensor is provided at the outlet of the fuel cell stack to measure the outlet temperature of the coolant in the stack cooling chamber; the second temperature sensor is provided at the outlet of the radiator to measure the temperature of the coolant; the third temperature sensor is provided at the inlet of the fuel cell stack to measure the temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0083] The flow meter unit includes: a turbine flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter and an electromagnetic flow meter;

[0084] In this embodiment, the flow meter unit is provided at a location in contact with the coolant.

[0085] The communication unit is used to transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module, and the operating parameters of the fuel cell are obtained through the sensor unit and the flow meter unit.

[0086] The data processing module is used to set alternative management strategies, set alarm thresholds, obtain status information of the fuel cell according to operating parameters of the fuel cell, match alternative management strategies according to the alarm thresholds, operating parameters and status information of the fuel cell, and obtain management strategies to be executed;

[0087] The data processing module includes: a strategy setting unit, a threshold storage unit, a state detection unit and a strategy matching unit;

[0088] The policy setting unit is used to set an alternative management policy;

[0089] The threshold storage unit is used to set and store the alarm threshold;

[0090] The state detection unit is used to obtain the state information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell;

[0091] The strategy matching unit is used to match the candidate management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed.

[0092] The strategy execution module is used to execute the management strategy to be executed, control the operation of the fuel cell, and adjust the fuel cell;

[0093] The strategy execution module includes: air sub-equipment, fuel sub-equipment, cooling sub-equipment and electrical sub-equipment;

[0094] The air sub-device is used to control the fuel cell to inhale air;

[0095] The air sub-equipment includes: an air compressor and a cathode chamber;

[0096] The air compressor is used to compress air and deliver it to the fuel cell;

[0097] The air compressor compresses the air and delivers it to the cathode side of the fuel cell. It can precisely control the air flow according to the working state and load requirements of the fuel cell. In addition, since the cathode of the fuel cell will produce water during operation, the appropriate air flow can help take away the generated water to prevent the motor from being flooded, thereby maintaining good reaction conditions. At the same time, a reasonable air flow can also adjust the humidity and temperature inside the fuel cell, which also has an important impact on the performance and life of the electrolyte.

[0098] The cathode chamber is used for the fuel cell to react with oxygen to generate electric current;

[0099] In this embodiment, the air sub-device also includes a cathode heat exchanger, a humidifier and a back pressure valve;

[0100] The cathode heat exchanger is used to reduce the temperature of the air compressor outlet gas;

[0101] The humidifier is used to humidify the inlet dry gas using the wet gas at the cathode chamber outlet;

[0102] The back pressure valve is installed at the outlet of the fuel cell cathode. It controls the pressure on the cathode side by adjusting the valve opening. It works in conjunction with the pressure regulation system on the anode side through the pressure on the cathode side to achieve matching of the pressures on the positive and negative sides, preventing the proton exchange membrane from being damaged due to excessive pressure difference on both sides.

[0103] The fuel sub-device is used to control the gas circulation in the fuel cell and discharge the waste gas and accumulated water;

[0104] The fuel sub-device claimed includes: an exhaust valve;

[0105] The exhaust valve is used to exhaust waste gas and accumulated water in the fuel cell.

[0106] In this embodiment, the fuel sub-device further includes an injector or ejector, and an anode chamber;

[0107] Ejectors or ejectors are used to achieve fuel gas circulation;

[0108] The anode cavity is used to allow the fuel to undergo an oxidation reaction at the anode of the stack to release electrons and fuel ions. In addition, the fuel ions combine with oxygen at the cathode to undergo a reduction reaction, thereby generating current.

[0109] The cooling sub-device is used to control the coolant in the fuel cell to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0110] The cooling sub-equipment includes: a water pump, a three-way valve, a cathode heat exchanger, a cooling chamber, a deionizer, a radiator and a proportional valve;

[0111] The water pump is used to adjust the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling sub-device;

[0112] The three-way valve is used to adjust the temperature of the cooling sub-device;

[0113] The cathode heat exchanger is used to perform heat exchange through a coolant, control cathode temperature, and control cathode humidity;

[0114] The cathode heat exchanger is used to remove the heat generated by the cathode by exchanging heat with the cooling medium, thereby reducing the temperature of the cathode. In addition, it is also used for preheating. During the startup phase of the fuel cell or when operating in a low-temperature environment, the cathode heat exchanger can use an external heat source to preheat the cathode, promote the electrochemical reaction, shorten the startup time of the fuel cell, and improve the performance of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment; wherein the external heat source includes the waste heat of the coolant and the PTC heater. In addition, the cathode heat exchanger is also used to remove moisture or increase humidity. Through the cooling effect, the water vapor in the cathode is condensed into liquid water, thereby reducing the humidity of the cathode and maintaining good air permeability of the cathode.

[0115] The cooling chamber is used to connect to the fuel cell and transport the cooling liquid;

[0116] The deionizer is used to maintain the conductivity of the cooling liquid;

[0117] The radiator is used to reduce the temperature of the coolant;

[0118] The proportional valve is used to control the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the fuel cell.

[0119] In this embodiment, the cooling sub-device further includes a water tank and an expansion kettle;

[0120] The water tank is used to store coolant, and the expansion tank is used for degassing and maintaining pressure.

[0121] The electrical sub-device is used to control valves within the fuel cell and to increase the temperature of the fuel cell.

[0122] The electrical sub-equipment includes: an inner membrane controller, a PTC heater and an electric controlled thermostat;

[0123] The inner membrane controller is used to control the valve;

[0124] The PTC heater is used to heat the fuel cell;

[0125] The electronically controlled thermostat is used to control whether the coolant passes through the radiator.

[0126] In this embodiment, the electrical sub-device further includes a coolant filter; the coolant filter is used to filter impurities that may be present in the coolant.

[0127] In this embodiment, the fuel cell thermal management monitoring system further includes an acquisition strategy verification module;

[0128] The strategy verification module is used to obtain operating parameters, and compare and analyze the operating parameters with the preset range of the alarm threshold, and then verify whether the management strategy makes the operating parameters fall within the preset range of the alarm threshold.

[0129] Specifically, the strategy verification module is used to verify whether the operating parameters of the fuel cell are within the preset range of the alarm threshold after the management strategy is executed. The strategy verification module verifies the management strategy by obtaining the operating parameters and comparing and analyzing the operating parameters with the preset range of the alarm threshold.

[0130] The overall performance and reliability of the fuel cell are further guaranteed.

[0131] like Figure 2 As shown, a fuel cell thermal management method is implemented by the above-mentioned fuel cell thermal management monitoring system, comprising the following steps:

[0132] S1. Setting alternative management strategies and alarm thresholds through the data processing module;

[0133] The alternative management strategies include: leakage management strategy, temperature management strategy, conductivity reduction management strategy and flow management strategy;

[0134] The leakage management strategy specifically refers to: closing the valves of the air compressor, the exhaust valve, the cathode chamber and the radiator through the inner membrane controller to cut off the contact between the fuel and the oxygen;

[0135] The temperature management strategy includes: a temperature increase management strategy and a temperature decrease management strategy;

[0136] The temperature rise management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in a stopped working state, the water pump is operated at a first speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat prevents the coolant from passing through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the coolant flow is low and the PTC heater is in an operating state;

[0137] The cooling management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in working state, the water pump is running at the second speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat allows the coolant to pass through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the flow of the coolant is in a normal state and the PTC heater is in a stopped state;

[0138] The conductivity reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the deionizer so that the conductivity of the coolant is less than the conductivity threshold;

[0139] The traffic management strategy includes: an increase traffic management strategy and a decrease traffic management strategy.

[0140] The flow rate increase management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is less than the first flow rate threshold;

[0141] The flow reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is greater than the second flow rate threshold.

[0142] The alarm thresholds include: preset output power, preset speed value of the water pump, temperature threshold, time threshold, coolant conductivity threshold and coolant flow threshold;

[0143] Among them, the preset output power is the lowest stable working power;

[0144] The preset speed value of the water pump includes: a first speed value and a second speed value;

[0145] The temperature threshold comprises: a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold;

[0146] The coolant flow threshold comprises: a first flow threshold and a second flow threshold;

[0147] Specifically, the setting of the alarm threshold must also be adjusted and optimized according to specific circumstances including the type of combustion battery and working conditions, so as to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the combustion battery system.

[0148] In this embodiment, the first temperature threshold is smaller than the second temperature threshold, the first rotation speed value is smaller than the second rotation speed value, and the first flow rate threshold is smaller than the second flow rate threshold.

[0149] S2, the data acquisition module acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmits the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module;

[0150] The operating parameters of the fuel cell include: operating time, temperature rise data, outlet temperature, coolant conductivity and coolant flow rate;

[0151] The process of obtaining the operating time and temperature rise data is as follows:

[0152] The fuel cell stack is controlled to operate according to the preset output power; the operation time of the stack is calculated by the formula; the temperature rise data of the stack is obtained by real-time calculation according to the preset output power, and the temperature rise data is the temperature rise value of the outlet temperature of the stack at the preset output power per unit time.

[0153] Specifically, the internal coolant will inevitably heat up during the operation of the stack, so the temperature rise result of the stack is calculated based on the relevant parameters of the cooling water and the preset output power value. In reality, the temperature rise result can be: after one minute of heating, the outlet temperature of the coolant in the cooling cavity of the stack rises by how many degrees Celsius.

[0154] Among them, the formula for calculating the operation time of the battery stack is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Among them, t standby is the operation time; X soc is the current power of the power battery connected to the fuel cell system; X max P is the maximum charge capacity of the power battery; out is the preset output power; V is the operating voltage of the fuel cell system; C i is the capacity of the power battery; t is the unit time.

[0157] The temperature rise data of the battery stack is calculated in real time according to the preset output power. The formula used is as follows:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, T rise is the temperature rise data; P out is the preset output power; η is the heat generation result of the stack; m is the mass of the coolant flowing into the stack through the water pump and PTC heater in the fuel cell system; C is the specific heat capacity of the coolant; T inis the temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the fuel cell stack; t is the unit time.

[0160] S3, the data processing module obtains the status information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell, matches the alternative management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the status information of the fuel cell, and obtains the management strategy to be executed;

[0161] The state information of the fuel cell includes: a leakage state and a non-leakage state.

[0162] The data processing module obtains the dynamic transfer function expression of the fuel cell state information according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell as follows:

[0163]

[0164] Among them, f t represents a dynamic transfer function, s represents a Laplace operator, K represents a coefficient and is related to the air flow rate and the fuel cell temperature, and t1 and t2 represent time constants.

[0165] When the coefficient K is greater than zero, the state information acquired by the state detection unit is determined to be a leakage state; when the coefficient K is equal to or less than zero, the state information acquired by the state detection unit is determined to be a non-leakage state.

[0166] like Figure 3 As shown, the matching of the alternative management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed includes the following steps:

[0167] In the actual application of fuel cells, it is necessary to cut off the contact between fuel and oxygen due to fuel leakage. First, it can prevent potential dangers such as fuel explosion; second, it can maintain the equipment performance of the fuel cell and reduce damage to the core components of the fuel cell; third, it meets environmental protection requirements and prevents the leaked fuel from reacting with oxygen to release harmful substances to pollute the environment; fourth, it ensures the stability of the fuel cell system, prevents pressure fluctuations and temperature runaway caused by abnormal reactions, and ensures stable power supply. Therefore, it is necessary to judge possible leakage situations and respond to them, that is, to judge and respond through step S31.

[0168] S31, judging the state information of the fuel cell, if it is a leakage state, selecting the leakage management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and proceeding to step S35, otherwise proceeding to step S32;

[0169] In practical applications, fuel cells face complex and changeable ambient temperatures and operating conditions. On the one hand, in cold climates, fuel cells heat up slowly. If effective measures are not taken, it is difficult to quickly reach the ideal operating temperature, which seriously affects power output and overall performance. On the other hand, the stable operation of the fuel cell system is crucial. If the heating effect of the stack is poor and there is no countermeasure, it will cause frequent system failures and reduce reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to judge and adjust the temperature of the fuel cell, that is, to judge and adjust through step S32.

[0170] S32, judging the operating parameters of the fuel cell, if the operating time is greater than the time threshold and the temperature rise data is lower than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the operating time is less than or equal to the time threshold or the temperature rise data is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the outlet temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold, the temperature drop management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, otherwise the process goes directly to step S33;

[0171] After the operating time and temperature rise results are determined, the corresponding management strategy is determined according to their respective threshold judgment conditions. When the calculated operating time is greater than the time threshold, it means that the operating time can meet the relevant power output conditions; when the calculated temperature rise data is lower than the first temperature threshold, that is, the heating effect of the stack is insufficient, it can be considered that the heating effect of the stack itself is not good, and a temperature rise management strategy needs to be used as a response. If the outlet temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold, it means that the temperature of the fuel cell is too high at this time, and a cooling management strategy needs to be used at this time.

[0172] In the actual application of fuel cells, coolant plays a key role in fuel cells, mainly by circulating away the heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell to maintain the appropriate operating temperature of the battery. The conductivity of the coolant is an important parameter, which reflects the amount of ions in the coolant. If the conductivity of the coolant is too high, it may cause the following problems: (1) Increased leakage risk: High conductivity coolant may cause the current in the fuel cell to leak through the coolant, thereby reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell and even damaging the fuel cell components; (2) Increased corrosion risk: Too many ions may accelerate the corrosion of metal parts in the cooling sub-device and shorten its service life. Therefore, it is necessary to judge and adjust the conductivity of the coolant of the fuel cell, that is, to judge and adjust through step S33.

[0173] S33, judging the conductivity of the coolant of the fuel cell, if the coolant conductivity is greater than the coolant conductivity threshold, selecting the conductivity reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S34, otherwise directly entering step S34;

[0174] In the actual application of fuel cells, it is necessary to control the flow of coolant. First, it is used to maintain a suitable temperature to prevent overheating or overcooling from affecting the performance and life of the fuel cell; second, it is used to improve system efficiency, ensure the performance of the fuel cell at the optimal temperature, and reduce energy loss; third, it is used to protect key components and stabilize the temperature to extend the service life of the fuel cell; fourth, it is used to adapt to different working conditions and flexibly adjust the heat dissipation requirements according to the heat generation to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell system. Therefore, it is necessary to judge and adjust the coolant flow of the fuel cell, that is, to judge and adjust through step S34.

[0175] S34, judging the coolant flow rate of the fuel cell, if the coolant flow rate is greater than the second flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, if the coolant flow rate is less than the first flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate increase management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, otherwise directly entering step S35;

[0176] S35. Combine corresponding management strategies and obtain management strategies to be executed.

[0177] By combining the selected corresponding management strategies into management strategies to be executed, multiple corresponding management strategies can be run simultaneously, or if there is no corresponding management strategy after determination, there is no management strategy to be executed, and the fuel cell maintains the original state for operation.

[0178] S4, the policy execution module executes the management policy to be executed;

[0179] The present invention obtains the operating parameters of the fuel cell through a data acquisition module, realizes real-time monitoring of the temperature, coolant conductivity, and coolant flow of the fuel cell, and determines whether the battery is leaking; matches the alternative management strategy according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell through a data processing module, obtains the management strategy to be executed, and executes the management strategy to be executed through a strategy execution module, so as to control the temperature of the fuel cell within a relatively precise range; combines the operating parameters, alarm thresholds, status information, and management strategies to perform thermal management, realizes control of the temperature, coolant conductivity, and coolant flow of the fuel cell, and effectively handles possible leakage, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the fuel cell.

Claims

1. A fuel cell thermal management monitoring system, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, data processing module and strategy execution module; The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to set alternative management strategies, set alarm thresholds, obtain fuel cell status information based on fuel cell operating parameters, match alternative management strategies based on alarm thresholds, fuel cell operating parameters and status information, and obtain management strategies to be executed; The strategy execution module is used to execute the management strategy to be executed, control the operation of the fuel cell, and adjust the fuel cell; The strategy execution module includes: air sub-equipment, fuel sub-equipment, cooling sub-equipment and electrical sub-equipment; The air sub-device is used to control the fuel cell to inhale air; The fuel sub-device is used to control the gas circulation in the fuel cell and discharge the waste gas and accumulated water; The cooling sub-device is used to control the coolant in the fuel cell to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell; The electrical sub-device is used to control valves within the fuel cell and to increase the temperature of the fuel cell.

2. The thermal management monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes: a sensor unit, a flow meter unit and a communication unit; The sensor unit includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a conductivity sensor; The flow meter unit includes: a turbine flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter and an electromagnetic flow meter; The communication unit is used to transmit the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module, and the operating parameters of the fuel cell are obtained through the sensor unit and the flow meter unit.

3. The thermal management monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module includes: a strategy setting unit, a threshold storage unit, a state detection unit and a strategy matching unit; The policy setting unit is used to set an alternative management policy; The threshold storage unit is used to set and store the alarm threshold; The state detection unit is used to obtain the state information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell; The strategy matching unit is used to match the candidate management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed.

4. The thermal management monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air sub-equipment includes: an air compressor and a cathode chamber; The air compressor is used to compress air and deliver it to the fuel cell; The cathode chamber is used for the fuel cell to react with oxygen to generate electric current; The fuel sub-device claimed includes: an exhaust valve; The exhaust valve is used to exhaust waste gas and accumulated water in the fuel cell.

5. The thermal management monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling sub-equipment includes: a water pump, a three-way valve, a cathode heat exchanger, a cooling chamber, a deionizer, a radiator and a proportional valve; The water pump is used to adjust the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling sub-device; The three-way valve is used to adjust the temperature of the cooling sub-device; The cathode heat exchanger is used to perform heat exchange through a coolant, control cathode temperature, and control cathode humidity; The cooling chamber is used to connect to the fuel cell and transport the cooling liquid; The deionizer is used to maintain the conductivity of the cooling liquid; The radiator is used to reduce the temperature of the coolant; The proportional valve is used to control the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the fuel cell.

6. The thermal management monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical sub-equipment includes: an inner membrane controller, a PTC heater and an electric controlled thermostat; The inner membrane controller is used to control the valve; The PTC heater is used to heat the fuel cell; The electronically controlled thermostat is used to control whether the coolant passes through the radiator.

7. A fuel cell thermal management method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by the fuel cell thermal management monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: S1. Setting alternative management strategies and alarm thresholds through the data processing module; S2, the data acquisition module acquires the operating parameters of the fuel cell and transmits the operating parameters of the fuel cell to the data processing module; S3, the data processing module obtains the status information of the fuel cell according to the operating parameters of the fuel cell, matches the alternative management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the status information of the fuel cell, and obtains the management strategy to be executed; S4, the policy execution module executes the management policy to be executed; The alternative management strategies include: leakage management strategy, temperature management strategy, conductivity reduction management strategy and flow management strategy; The temperature management strategy includes: a temperature increase management strategy and a temperature decrease management strategy; The traffic management strategy includes: an increase traffic management strategy and a decrease traffic management strategy.

8. The thermal management method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The leakage management strategy specifically refers to: closing the valves of the air compressor, the exhaust valve, the cathode chamber and the radiator through the inner membrane controller to cut off the contact between the fuel and the oxygen; The temperature rise management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in a stopped working state, the water pump is operated at a first speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat prevents the coolant from passing through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the coolant flow is low and the PTC heater is in an operating state; The cooling management strategy specifically refers to: the radiator is in working state, the water pump is running at the second speed value, the electronically controlled thermostat allows the coolant to pass through the radiator, the proportional valve is adjusted so that the flow of the coolant is in a normal state and the PTC heater is in a stopped state; The conductivity reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the deionizer so that the conductivity of the coolant is less than the conductivity threshold; The flow rate increase management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is less than the first flow rate threshold; The flow reduction management strategy specifically refers to: adjusting the proportional valve so that the flow rate of the coolant is greater than the second flow rate threshold.

9. The thermal management method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The alarm thresholds include: preset output power, preset speed value of the water pump, temperature threshold, time threshold, coolant conductivity threshold and coolant flow threshold; The preset speed value of the water pump includes: a first speed value and a second speed value; The temperature threshold comprises: a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold; The coolant flow threshold comprises: a first flow threshold and a second flow threshold; The operating parameters of the fuel cell include: operating time, temperature rise data, outlet temperature, coolant conductivity and coolant flow rate; The state information of the fuel cell includes: a leakage state and a non-leakage state.

10. The thermal management method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The matching of the candidate management strategy according to the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the state information of the fuel cell to obtain the management strategy to be executed comprises the following steps: S31, judging the state information of the fuel cell, if it is a leakage state, selecting the leakage management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and proceeding to step S35, otherwise proceeding to step S32; S32, judging the operating parameters of the fuel cell, if the operating time is greater than the time threshold and the temperature rise data is lower than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the operating time is less than or equal to the time threshold or the temperature rise data is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, if the outlet temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold, the temperature drop management strategy is selected as the corresponding management strategy and the process goes to step S33, otherwise the process goes directly to step S33; S33, judging the conductivity of the coolant of the fuel cell, if the coolant conductivity is greater than the coolant conductivity threshold, selecting the conductivity reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S34, otherwise directly entering step S34; S34, judging the coolant flow rate of the fuel cell, if the coolant flow rate is greater than the second flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate reduction management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, if the coolant flow rate is less than the first flow rate threshold, selecting the flow rate increase management strategy as the corresponding management strategy and entering step S35, otherwise directly entering step S35; S35. Combine corresponding management strategies and obtain management strategies to be executed.

Images