A power line carrier communication fault detection system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power line carrier communication fault detection system, which relates to the technical field of power line fault detection. The fault detection system includes a data acquisition module, an anomaly analysis module, a fault diagnosis and location module, a fault classification and assessment module, a countermeasure matching module, and an alarm module, wherein the modules are electrically connected. The present invention monitors the modulated signal after carrier demodulation on the power line, including transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators, to quickly capture signal changes on the power line. By calculating the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index, the performance trend of the power system can be timely evaluated, abnormal modulation signals can be detected in a timely manner, and key information can be provided for fault location and classification. This greatly improves the accuracy and response speed of fault detection, reduces the impact of faults on the power system, and improves the reliability of power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power line fault detection, and in particular to a power line carrier communication fault detection system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion and complexity of the power system, the requirements for grid operation efficiency are increasing. In the operation of the power system, due to the high data transmission rate and wide coverage of power line carrier communication technology, it can meet the real-time transmission needs of large amounts of data, enabling the power line carrier communication fault detection system to monitor and transmit line status information in real time, providing strong guarantees for the rapid location and processing of faults. In addition, power supply security is the primary goal of the power system. By monitoring the power grid status, potential safety hazards can be discovered in a timely manner to ensure the safety and stability of power supply.

[0003] For example, a low-voltage power line carrier operation and maintenance control method and system with Chinese patent publication number: CN114024576A obtains the operating data of the HPLC carrier module through an acquisition unit; uses a conversion unit to preprocess the operating data of the HPLC carrier module to generate a message; inputs the message into a fault analysis unit, and analyzes and verifies the message through the fault analysis unit. If the verification is incorrect, the alarm unit is called to issue a text message alarm.

[0004] In the existing technology, the remote tracking and active fault diagnosis of the terminal equipment status have solved the problem that the existing operation and maintenance management technology lacks the means of remote tracking and active fault diagnosis of the terminal equipment status, and the fault identification is difficult. However, in the fault detection process, the power system has the uncertainty of abnormal load, emergencies and malicious interference, which will affect the power line carrier communication. Therefore, how to grade the severity of the fault and match the corresponding response measures is the problem we need to solve. To this end, a power line carrier communication fault detection system is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a power line carrier communication fault detection system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A power line carrier communication fault detection system, comprising a data acquisition module, an abnormality analysis module, a fault diagnosis and positioning module, a fault classification assessment module, a countermeasure matching module, and an alarm module, wherein electrical signals are connected between the modules;

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the modulated signal after carrier demodulation on the power line, capture the signal changes on the power line in real time, provide a data basis for subsequent fault analysis, and perform preprocessing operations on the collected modulated signal;

[0009] The abnormality analysis module detects and identifies abnormalities in the signal based on the pre-processed modulated signal, promptly discovers abnormal signals on the power line, and provides key information for fault location and classification;

[0010] The fault diagnosis and positioning module accurately locates the fault based on the results of the abnormality analysis module, determines the location and scope of the fault, and helps maintenance personnel quickly find the fault point, improving maintenance efficiency and accuracy;

[0011] The fault classification assessment module assesses faults according to their severity and the results of fault diagnosis and location, and provides maintenance personnel with different levels of response measures to ensure that faults are handled promptly and effectively.

[0012] The response measure matching module matches corresponding response measures according to the fault assessment results of the fault classification assessment module, ensuring that maintenance personnel can select the most appropriate maintenance plan according to the actual situation, thereby improving maintenance effect and efficiency;

[0013] The alarm module is used to issue corresponding alarm information according to the fault assessment result when the system detects a fault, so that the operator can respond in time.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the data acquisition module, the acquisition and preprocessing process of the modulated signal includes:

[0015] Use data acquisition equipment to capture the modulated signal after carrier demodulation from the power line, including transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators. Transmission performance indicators involve spectrum characteristics, carrier signal parameters, and output power. Electrical performance indicators include voltage, current, and device status. The data source comes from the carrier signal on the power line. After demodulation, the signal contains the required modulation information.

[0016] Perform preprocessing operations on the collected modulated signals to improve signal quality and analyzability, including data cleaning, data preprocessing, and signal denoising. The signals are then processed using a smoothing algorithm to eliminate sharp changes and fluctuations in the signals and unify the signal dimensions and value range.

[0017] A data warehouse is built based on a distributed file system to store pre-processed signal data, ensuring data reliability and security for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0018] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the anomaly analysis module, the signal anomaly detection and identification process includes:

[0019] Based on the preprocessed modulated signal, the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are analyzed, and characteristic data of the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are extracted respectively. The characteristics of the transmission performance indicators include signal strength, spectrum purity, carrier frequency stability, and signal modulation error. The characteristics of the electrical performance indicators include voltage fluctuation, current stability, phase deviation, and power factor.

[0020] For each feature data, based on historical data and standard specifications, determine the normal value of each feature data, compare the extracted feature data with the normal value, and identify the feature data that deviates from the normal value as an outlier;

[0021] Analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the transmission performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, and based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the transmission performance trend index to analyze the transmission performance index trend of the modulated signal;

[0022] Analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the electrical performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, and based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the electrical performance trend index to analyze the electrical performance index trend of the modulated signal;

[0023] By calculating the trend index of transmission performance and electrical performance, the abnormal modulation signals on the power line are analyzed. Abnormal modulation signals are manifested as significant changes in transmission performance or electrical performance, or both. The abnormal modulation signals are further analyzed to determine their source, nature and impact range.

[0024] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression of the sending performance trend index is:

[0025] ;

[0026] in, is the sending performance trend index, To send performance indicator index, , The actual measured values ​​of each transmission performance indicator are respectively corresponding to each characteristic data (signal strength, spectrum purity, carrier frequency stability, signal modulation error) , The benchmark values ​​for each transmission performance indicator are the normal values ​​determined by historical data and standard specifications. is the minimum value of each sending performance indicator, used to standardize the degree of deviation. is the weight coefficient, which is used to adjust the different feature data importance in calculations, and , The value range of is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value;

[0027] The expression of the electrical performance trend index is:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, is the electrical performance trend index, is the electrical performance index index, , The actual measured values ​​of each electrical performance index, for each characteristic data (voltage fluctuation, current stability, phase deviation, power factor) corresponds to , The benchmark values ​​for various electrical performance indicators are the normal values ​​determined by historical data and standard specifications. and Represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of each electrical performance indicator, and are used to standardize the degree of deviation. The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value.

[0030] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the fault diagnosis and location module, the fault location process includes:

[0031] When starting the diagnosis, the historical maintenance database is loaded from the database and the historical data is used to assist in matching the current fault type. The historical maintenance database contains the fault type, location, cause, severity and solution of the past faults.

[0032] Record and describe any abnormal phenomena observed in the power system as a starting point for fault diagnosis. Use the calculated transmission performance trend index of the power system to assess whether its performance is stable or declining. Use the calculated electrical performance trend index to assess whether the overall electrical performance of the power system is within the normal range. Use the calculation results of the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index to locate specific fault indicators in the power system.

[0033] Based on the indicators for determining the fault, traverse each feature data, compare the feature data with the normal value range, find the feature data that deviates from the normal value, and locate the abnormal features based on the feature data that deviates from the normal value to determine the location of the fault;

[0034] The located abnormal features are matched with the records in the historical maintenance database to find fault cases in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal features. The severity of the current fault is evaluated based on the severity of the historical cases and the current abnormal features.

[0035] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the fault classification assessment module, the fault classification assessment process includes:

[0036] Integrate the current status data of the power system, including the transmission performance trend index, electrical performance trend index, and located fault information. Fault information includes fault type, location, and severity. The transmission performance trend index measures the efficiency and stability of power transmission in the power system, and the electrical performance trend index evaluates the overall electrical performance of the power system, such as voltage stability and current quality.

[0037] The fault severity (equipment damage level, fault duration, etc.) as well as the transmission performance trend index and electrical performance trend index are integrated into a comprehensive evaluation value. The fault assessment coefficient is calculated to assess the interference level of the located fault on the power system. The integrated fault severity directly reflects the direct impact of the fault on the equipment. The transmission performance trend index and electrical performance trend index are introduced as a reference for evaluating the impact of the fault on the overall performance of the power system.

[0038] Combined with the fault types in the historical maintenance database, different power system fault levels are divided into minor fault level, general fault level, severe fault level and emergency fault level;

[0039] Based on the value of the fault assessment coefficient and the divided fault level, the corresponding fault evaluation threshold is matched for each fault level, and the calculated fault assessment coefficient is compared with the set fault evaluation threshold to determine the level of the fault.

[0040] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression of the fault assessment coefficient is:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, is the fault assessment coefficient, Transmission Performance Trend Index, which measures the efficiency and stability of power transmission in power systems, The electrical performance trend index is used to evaluate the overall electrical performance of the power system; is the baseline value, and The historical average of is used to normalize the index; is the adjustment coefficient used to control the speed of exponential decay, Score the severity of the fault, including factors such as the degree of equipment damage and the duration of the fault. is the maximum score of the fault severity, The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 means the fault has minimal impact on the system, and 0 means the fault has a significant impact on the system.

[0043] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the multiple fault levels correspond to multiple fault evaluation thresholds, wherein the fault evaluation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0044] The multiple fault levels and the multiple fault evaluation thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0045] Minor fault level ;

[0046] General fault level ;

[0047] Severe fault level ;

[0048] Emergency fault level ;

[0049] in, is the fault assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the minor fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the general fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the general fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the severe fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the serious fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the emergency fault level, , , .

[0050] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the countermeasure matching module, the countermeasure matching process includes:

[0051] The countermeasure matching module receives the fault assessment results from the fault classification assessment module, including the fault type, location, severity, and fault level, and analyzes the specific characteristics of the fault based on the received fault assessment results, including the nature of the fault, the scope of impact, and the urgency of the fault. Specifically, based on the fault type and severity, the module analyzes the nature of the fault to determine whether it is an intermittent fault, chronic degradation, or acute damage, and assesses the scope of the fault's impact on the operation of the power system and users, including the number of users affected and the system area. Based on the urgency of the fault, the module determines whether immediate measures need to be taken and the possible safety risks.

[0052] Based on the specific characteristics of the fault, analyze cases and repair results in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal characteristics. This includes searching for cases with the same or similar fault type, location, severity, and fault level. The retrieved cases are then compared to analyze the repair process, required resources, repair time, and repair results. Maintenance strategies can be learned from historical cases to select appropriate response measures for the current fault.

[0053] Based on the selected response measures, a detailed maintenance plan is generated, including maintenance steps, required tools and equipment, division of labor among maintenance personnel, and safety precautions. The maintenance plan is optimized to ensure its rationality and feasibility, and a maintenance guidance plan is output. The maintenance guidance plan is clear and accurate, making it easy for maintenance personnel to understand and implement.

[0054] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the alarm module, the process of generating the alarm information includes:

[0055] The alarm module continuously collects status data of the power system and matches corresponding alarm warning measures for each fault level according to the preset fault level and fault urgency;

[0056] For minor fault levels, general fault levels, severe fault levels, and emergency fault levels, green, yellow, blue, and red warning lights are emitted respectively, and an alarm message is sent to the operator via SMS and email. The alarm message includes a description of the fault, location information, recommended countermeasures, and operator response requirements;

[0057] When issuing an alarm, the alarm module records the alarm information, including alarm time, alarm level, fault description, and operator response, for subsequent fault analysis and system optimization. The alarm module also monitors the operator's response to ensure timely response and effective countermeasures. If the operator fails to respond within the specified time (5 minutes), a buzzer reminder will be issued.

[0058] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advancements compared to the prior art:

[0059] 1. The present invention provides a power line carrier communication fault detection system, which monitors the modulated signal after carrier demodulation on the power line, including the transmission performance index and the electrical performance index, and quickly captures the signal changes on the power line. By calculating the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index, it can timely evaluate the performance trend of the power system and detect abnormal modulation signals in a timely manner, providing key information for fault location and classification, greatly improving the accuracy and response speed of fault detection, reducing the impact of faults on the power system, and improving the reliability of power supply.

[0060] 2. The present invention provides a power line carrier communication fault detection system, which analyzes the characteristic data of the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators, compares them with normal values, and determines abnormal values, so as to locate the abnormal characteristics according to the abnormal values, determine the location of the fault, and match the located abnormal characteristics with the records in the historical maintenance database to find fault cases in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal characteristics. It can accurately locate the fault and perform a graded assessment of the fault according to the severity, scope of impact and urgency of the fault, which helps maintenance personnel quickly find the fault point and select the appropriate maintenance plan, thereby improving maintenance efficiency and accuracy.

[0061] 3. The present invention provides a power line carrier communication fault detection system. By continuously monitoring the status of the power system, it can detect anomalies or faults in the communication link in real time, conduct in-depth analysis of the collected data, and accurately determine the type, location and severity of the fault, thereby greatly shortening the time for fault discovery. Once a fault is detected, the alarm mechanism is immediately triggered, and alarm information is sent to the operator through lights, text messages, and emails, and recommended countermeasures are given, so that the operator can quickly locate and handle the fault, effectively reducing the impact of the fault on the operation of the power system and users, and improving the reliability and stability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0063] Figure 1 It is a module structure diagram of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of abnormality detection and identification of signals of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the fault classification evaluation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1, as Figure 1、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a power line carrier communication fault detection system, which includes a data acquisition module, an abnormality analysis module, a fault diagnosis and positioning module, a fault classification assessment module, a countermeasure matching module and an alarm module, wherein the electrical signals between the modules are connected;

[0068] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the modulated signal after carrier demodulation on the power line, capture the signal changes on the power line in real time, provide a data basis for subsequent fault analysis, and perform preprocessing operations on the acquired modulated signal to improve the quality and analyzability of the signal, reduce the impact of noise and interference on fault detection, and improve the accuracy of the system. The data acquisition equipment is used to capture the modulated signal after carrier demodulation from the power line, including transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators. Among them, the transmission performance indicators involve spectrum characteristics, carrier signal parameters and output power, and the electrical performance indicators include voltage, current and equipment status. The data source comes from the carrier signal on the power line. After demodulation, the signal contains the required modulation information. The acquired modulated signal is preprocessed to Improving signal quality and analyzability, including data cleaning, data preprocessing, and signal denoising steps. The demodulated signal data is initially cleaned to remove duplicate, invalid, or abnormal data to ensure data accuracy and completeness. The cleaned data is further processed, including data format conversion and data standardization to make the data easier to analyze and process. A filter denoising method is used to denoise the signal to reduce noise interference on signal quality. The signal is processed using a smoothing algorithm to eliminate sharp changes and fluctuations in the signal and unify the signal's dimension and numerical range. A data warehouse is built based on a distributed file system to store the preprocessed signal data, ensuring data reliability and security for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0069] The abnormality analysis module detects and identifies abnormalities of the signal based on the pre-processed modulated signal, promptly discovers abnormal signals on the power line, and provides key information for fault location and classification. Based on the pre-processed modulated signal, the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are analyzed, and the characteristic data of the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are extracted respectively. Among them, the characteristics of the transmission performance indicators include signal strength, spectrum purity, carrier frequency stability, and signal modulation error. The characteristics of the electrical performance indicators include voltage fluctuation, current stability, phase deviation, and power factor. For each characteristic data, the normal value of each characteristic data is determined based on historical data and standard specifications, and the extracted characteristic data is compared with the normal value to identify the characteristic data that deviates from the normal value as abnormal. value, analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the transmission performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the transmission performance trend index based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, analyze the transmission performance index trend of the modulated signal, analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the electrical performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the electrical performance trend index based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, analyze the electrical performance index trend of the modulated signal, analyze the abnormal modulation signal on the power line through the calculated transmission performance and electrical performance trend index, the abnormal modulation signal is manifested as a significant change in the transmission performance or electrical performance, or both, and further analyze the abnormal modulation signal to determine its source, nature and impact range;

[0070] The expression of the sending performance trend index is:

[0071] ;

[0072] in, is the sending performance trend index, To send performance indicator index, , The actual measured values ​​of each transmission performance indicator are respectively corresponding to each characteristic data (signal strength, spectrum purity, carrier frequency stability, signal modulation error) , The benchmark values ​​for each transmission performance indicator are the normal values ​​determined by historical data and standard specifications. is the minimum value of each sending performance indicator, used to standardize the degree of deviation. is the weight coefficient, which is used to adjust the different feature data importance in calculations, and , It represents the exponential decay of the deviation between each indicator and the benchmark value, which is used to measure the degree of deviation. The impact of It represents the square of the deviation between each indicator and the benchmark value, amplifying the impact of the deviation by square, and comparing it with the minimum value. Divide to normalize, Used to balance different indicators Contribution calculation, to ensure that the more important indicators The impact is greater, It represents the cumulative impact of the deviation of each indicator, and the deviation impact of each indicator is accumulated in the form of product. The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state, and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value. The closer the value is to 1, the closer the sending performance is to the ideal state. The closer the value is to 0, the worse the transmission performance is and the greater the deviation is. By comprehensively considering the deviation degree of each transmission performance indicator and assigning different weights to different indicators, the transmission performance trend of power line carrier communication can be fully reflected;

[0073] The expression of electrical performance trend index is:

[0074] ;

[0075] in, is the electrical performance trend index, is the electrical performance index index, , The actual measured values ​​of each electrical performance index, for each characteristic data (voltage fluctuation, current stability, phase deviation, power factor) corresponds to , The benchmark values ​​for various electrical performance indicators are the normal values ​​determined by historical data and standard specifications. and Represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of each electrical performance indicator, and are used to standardize the degree of deviation. and It represents the square root of the difference between each electrical performance index and the reference value and minimum value. The influence of extreme values ​​is reduced by root conversion. It represents the standardization of the degree of deviation of each electrical performance indicator from the reference value relative to the range of minimum and maximum values. It represents the fourth power of the degree of deviation, and the influence of the deviation is amplified by the limit function. It represents the cumulative impact of the deviation of each indicator, and the deviation impact of each indicator is accumulated in the form of product. The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state, and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value. The closer the value is to 1, the closer the electrical performance is to the ideal state; The closer the value is to 0, the worse the electrical performance is and the greater the deviation is. By comprehensively considering the deviation degree of each electrical performance indicator and performing standardization, the electrical performance trend of power line carrier communication can be fully reflected;

[0076] The fault diagnosis and positioning module accurately locates the fault based on the results of the abnormality analysis module, determines the location and scope of the fault, helps maintenance personnel quickly find the fault point, and improves maintenance efficiency and accuracy. When the diagnosis is started, the historical maintenance database is loaded from the database, and the historical data is used to assist in matching the current fault type. The historical maintenance database contains the type, location, cause, severity and solution of the fault that occurred in the past. The abnormal phenomena observed in the power system are recorded and described as the starting point of fault diagnosis. According to the calculated transmission performance trend index in the power system, its performance is evaluated to see whether it is stable or has a downward trend. According to the calculated electrical performance trend index, the fault is detected. The transmission performance trend index is used to evaluate whether the overall electrical performance of the power system is within the normal range. Based on the calculation results of the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index, the specific fault indicators in the power system are located. Based on the indicators for determining the fault, the characteristic data are traversed, the normal value range of the characteristic data is compared, and the characteristic data that deviates from the normal value is found. Based on the characteristic data that deviates from the normal value, the abnormal characteristics are located to determine the location of the fault. The located abnormal characteristics are matched with the records in the historical maintenance database to find fault cases in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal characteristics. The severity of the current fault is evaluated based on the severity of the historical cases and the current abnormal characteristics.

[0077] The fault classification assessment module assesses faults based on their severity and the results of fault diagnosis and location, providing maintenance personnel with different levels of response measures to ensure that faults are handled promptly and effectively.

[0078] The response measure matching module matches the corresponding response measures according to the fault assessment results of the fault classification assessment module, ensuring that maintenance personnel can select the most appropriate maintenance plan based on the actual situation, thereby improving maintenance effectiveness and efficiency;

[0079] The alarm module is used to issue corresponding alarm information based on the fault assessment results when the system detects a fault, so that the operator can respond in time.

[0080] Example 2, as Figure 3 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, in the fault classification assessment module, the fault classification assessment process includes:

[0081] Integrate the current status data of the power system, including the transmission performance trend index, the electrical performance trend index, and located fault information. The fault information includes the fault type, location, and severity. The transmission performance trend index measures the efficiency and stability of power transmission in the power system, and the electrical performance trend index evaluates the overall electrical performance of the power system, such as voltage stability and current quality. The severity of the fault (such as the degree of equipment damage and fault duration) as well as the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index are integrated into a comprehensive evaluation value. A fault assessment coefficient is calculated to assess the degree of interference of the located fault on the power system. The severity of the integrated fault directly reflects the direct impact of the fault on the equipment. The transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index are introduced as a reference for assessing the impact of the fault on the overall performance of the power system. Combined with the fault types in the historical maintenance database, different power system fault levels are classified into minor fault level, general fault level, severe fault level, and emergency fault level. Based on the value of the fault assessment coefficient and the classified fault level, a corresponding fault assessment threshold is matched to each fault level. The calculated fault assessment coefficient is compared with the set fault assessment threshold to determine the fault level.

[0082] The expression of the fault assessment coefficient is:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, is the fault assessment coefficient, Transmission Performance Trend Index, which measures the efficiency and stability of power transmission in power systems, The electrical performance trend index is used to evaluate the overall electrical performance of the power system; is the baseline value, and The historical average of is used to normalize the index; is the adjustment coefficient used to control the speed of exponential decay, Score the severity of the fault, including factors such as the degree of equipment damage and the duration of the fault. is the maximum score of the fault severity, It represents the exponential attenuation of the deviation between the transmission performance and electrical performance index and the reference value, and is used to measure the impact of the deviation on the fault assessment coefficient. It represents the square root of the fault severity. The root conversion is used to reduce the impact of extreme values ​​and normalize it with the maximum severity score. The whole formula combines 、 and fault severity, and calculate a comprehensive evaluation value by combining exponential decay and radical formula to evaluate the degree of interference of the fault on the power system. The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 means the fault has minimal impact on the system, and 0 means the fault has a significant impact on the system. The closer the value is to 1, the smaller the impact of the fault on the power system is, and the closer the system operation status is to normal; The closer the value is to 0, the greater the impact of the fault on the power system and the more priority it needs to be handled. By comprehensively considering the power system's transmission performance and electrical performance index, as well as the severity of the fault, it can fully reflect the fault assessment of the power system and provide maintenance personnel with accurate fault information and response measures.

[0085] Multiple fault levels correspond to multiple fault evaluation thresholds, wherein the fault evaluation threshold includes an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0086] Multiple fault levels and multiple fault evaluation thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0087] Minor fault level The fault has little impact on the system and generally does not cause performance degradation. It does not require replacement of parts and can be easily eliminated.

[0088] General fault level The fault has a moderate impact on the system and may cause performance degradation, but will not cause damage to major components and can be repaired within a planned period.

[0089] Severe fault level The fault has a significant impact on the system, may damage major components or significantly reduce performance, and needs to be repaired as soon as possible;

[0090] Emergency fault level The failure has a significant impact on the system and may cause the equipment to stop working immediately, endangering safety and requiring immediate action;

[0091] in, is the fault assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the minor fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the general fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the general fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the severe fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the serious fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the emergency fault level, , , ;

[0092] In the countermeasure matching module, the countermeasure matching process includes:

[0093] The countermeasure matching module receives the fault assessment results from the fault classification assessment module, including the fault type, location, severity, and fault level, and analyzes the specific characteristics of the fault based on the received fault assessment results, including the nature of the fault, the scope of impact, and the urgency. According to the fault type and severity, the nature of the fault is analyzed to determine whether it is an intermittent fault, chronic degradation, or acute damage. The scope of the fault's impact on the operation of the power system and users is assessed, including the number of affected users and the system area. According to the urgency of the fault, it is determined whether immediate measures need to be taken, as well as the possible safety risks. Based on the specific characteristics of the fault, historical maintenance data is analyzed. Cases and repair results with similar abnormal characteristics in the database, including searching for cases with the same or similar fault type, location, severity, and fault level, and comparing the retrieved cases. Analyzing the repair process, required resources, repair time, and repair results, drawing on repair strategies from historical cases, selecting appropriate countermeasures for the current fault, and generating a detailed maintenance plan based on the selected countermeasures, including repair steps, required tools and equipment, maintenance personnel division of labor, and safety precautions. The maintenance plan is optimized to ensure its rationality and feasibility, and a maintenance guidance plan is output. The maintenance guidance plan is clear and accurate, making it easy for maintenance personnel to understand and implement.

[0094] In the alarm module, the generation process of alarm information includes:

[0095] The alarm module continuously collects status data of the power system and matches corresponding alarm warning measures for each fault level according to the preset fault level and fault urgency. For minor fault level, general fault level, serious fault level and emergency fault level, green, yellow, blue and red warning lights are emitted respectively, and alarm information is sent to the operator via SMS and email. The alarm information includes fault description, location information, recommended response measures and operator response requirements. When issuing the alarm information, the alarm module records the alarm information, including alarm time, alarm level, fault description, and operator response status, for subsequent fault analysis and system optimization. The alarm module also monitors the operator's response to ensure timely response and effective response measures. If the operator fails to respond within the specified time (5 minutes), a buzzer reminder will be further issued.

[0096] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A power line carrier communication fault detection system, characterized by: The fault detection system includes a data acquisition module, an abnormality analysis module, a fault diagnosis and positioning module, a fault classification assessment module, a countermeasure matching module and an alarm module, wherein the modules are connected by electrical signals; The data acquisition module is used to acquire the modulation signal after carrier demodulation on the power line and perform preprocessing operations on the acquired modulation signal; The abnormality analysis module detects and identifies abnormalities of the signal based on the preprocessed modulated signal; The fault diagnosis and positioning module accurately locates the fault based on the results of the abnormality analysis module and determines the location and scope of the fault; The fault classification assessment module performs a classification assessment on the fault according to the severity of the fault and the fault diagnosis and location result; The countermeasure matching module matches corresponding countermeasures according to the fault assessment result of the fault classification assessment module; The alarm module is used to issue corresponding alarm information according to the fault assessment result when the system detects a fault; In the data acquisition module, the acquisition and preprocessing process of the modulated signal includes: Use data acquisition equipment to capture the modulated signal after carrier demodulation from the power line, including transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators. Transmission performance indicators include spectrum characteristics, carrier signal parameters and output power, and electrical performance indicators include voltage, current and device status. Perform preprocessing operations on the collected modulated signal, including data cleaning, data preprocessing and signal denoising steps, and process the signal through a smoothing algorithm to unify the signal dimension and value range; Build a data warehouse based on a distributed file system to store pre-processed signal data; In the anomaly analysis module, the signal anomaly detection and identification process includes: Based on the preprocessed modulated signal, the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are analyzed, and characteristic data of the transmission performance indicators and electrical performance indicators are extracted respectively. The characteristics of the transmission performance indicators include signal strength, spectrum purity, carrier frequency stability, and signal modulation error. The characteristics of the electrical performance indicators include voltage fluctuation, current stability, phase deviation, and power factor. For each feature data, based on historical data and standard specifications, determine the normal value of each feature data, compare the extracted feature data with the normal value, and identify the feature data that deviates from the normal value as an outlier; Analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the transmission performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, and based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the transmission performance trend index to analyze the transmission performance index trend of the modulated signal; Analyze the difference between each characteristic data of the electrical performance index and the normal value, calculate the deviation degree of each characteristic data, and based on the deviation degree of each characteristic data, comprehensively calculate the electrical performance trend index to analyze the electrical performance index trend of the modulated signal; By calculating the trend index of transmission performance and electrical performance, the abnormal modulation signals on the power line are analyzed. Abnormal modulation signals are manifested as significant changes in transmission performance or electrical performance, or both. The abnormal modulation signals are further analyzed to determine their source, nature and impact range. The expression of the transmission performance trend index is: ； in, is the sending performance trend index, The index of the sending performance indicator is from 1 to 4. are the actual measured values ​​of various sending performance indicators, is the benchmark value of each sending performance indicator, is the minimum value of each sending performance indicator, used to standardize the degree of deviation. is the weight coefficient, and , The value range of is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value; The expression of the electrical performance trend index is: ； in, is the electrical performance trend index, The electrical performance index is from 1 to 4. are the actual measured values ​​of various electrical performance indicators, is the benchmark value of each electrical performance indicator, and Represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of each electrical performance indicator, and are used to standardize the degree of deviation. The value range of is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that all indicators are in the best state and 0 means that at least one indicator deviates seriously from the baseline value; In the fault diagnosis and location module, the fault location process includes: When starting the diagnosis, the historical maintenance database is loaded from the database and the historical data is used to assist in matching the current fault type. The historical maintenance database contains the fault type, location, cause, severity and solution of the past faults. Record and describe abnormal phenomena observed in the power system. Based on the calculated transmission performance trend index, assess whether the performance is stable or declining. Based on the calculated electrical performance trend index, assess whether the overall electrical performance of the power system is within the normal range. Based on the calculation results of the transmission performance trend index and the electrical performance trend index, locate specific fault indicators in the power system. Based on the indicators for determining the fault, traverse each feature data, compare the feature data with the normal value range, find the feature data that deviates from the normal value, and locate the abnormal features based on the feature data that deviates from the normal value to determine the location of the fault; Match the located abnormal features with records in the historical maintenance database to find fault cases in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal features. Then, based on the severity of the historical cases and the current abnormal features, the severity of the current fault is assessed. In the fault classification assessment module, the fault classification assessment process includes: Integrate the current status data of the power system, including the transmission performance trend index, electrical performance trend index and located fault information, including fault type, location and severity; Integrate the fault severity, transmission performance trend index, and electrical performance trend index into a comprehensive evaluation value, calculate the fault assessment coefficient, and evaluate the degree of interference of the located fault on the power system; Combined with the fault types in the historical maintenance database, different power system fault levels are divided into minor fault level, general fault level, severe fault level and emergency fault level; Based on the value of the fault assessment coefficient and the divided fault level, the corresponding fault assessment threshold is matched for each fault level, and the calculated fault assessment coefficient is compared with the set fault assessment threshold to determine the level of the fault; The expression of the fault assessment coefficient is: ; in, is the fault assessment coefficient, is the sending performance trend index, is the electrical performance trend index, is the baseline value, and The historical average of is the adjustment coefficient used to control the speed of exponential decay, Rate the severity of the fault, is the maximum score of the fault severity, The value range is between 0 and 1.

2. A power line carrier communication fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of fault levels correspond to a plurality of fault evaluation thresholds, wherein the fault evaluation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold; The multiple fault levels and the multiple fault evaluation thresholds satisfy the following relationship: Minor fault level ; General fault level ; Severe fault level ; Emergency fault level ; in, is the fault assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the minor fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the general fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the general fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the severe fault level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the serious fault level and the upper threshold corresponding to the emergency fault level, , , .

3. A power line carrier communication fault detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the countermeasure matching module, the countermeasure matching process includes: The countermeasure matching module receives the fault assessment results from the fault classification assessment module, including the fault type, location, severity, and fault level, and analyzes the specific characteristics of the fault based on the received fault assessment results, including the nature, impact range, and urgency of the fault. Based on the specific characteristics of the fault, analyze cases and repair results in the historical maintenance database that are similar to the abnormal characteristics. This includes searching for cases with the same or similar fault type, location, severity, and fault level. The retrieved cases are then compared to analyze the repair process, required resources, repair time, and repair results. Maintenance strategies can be learned from historical cases to select appropriate response measures for the current fault. Based on the selected countermeasures, a detailed maintenance plan is generated, including maintenance steps, required tools and equipment, division of labor among maintenance personnel, and safety precautions. The maintenance plan is optimized and a maintenance guidance plan is output.

4. A power line carrier communication fault detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the alarm module, the process of generating alarm information includes: The alarm module continuously collects status data of the power system and matches corresponding alarm warning measures for each fault level according to the preset fault level and fault urgency; For minor fault levels, general fault levels, severe fault levels, and emergency fault levels, green, yellow, blue, and red warning lights are emitted respectively, and an alarm message is sent to the operator via SMS and email. The alarm message includes a description of the fault, location information, recommended countermeasures, and operator response requirements; The alarm module records the alarm information while issuing the alarm information, and monitors the operator's response through the alarm module. If the operator fails to respond within the specified time, a buzzer reminder will be issued.

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