Method for managing multiple receive chains

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a UE communication method. The method comprises the steps of: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station, the UE comprising a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel; measuring, by the first antenna panel, a first signal strength of the first signal; measuring, by a second antenna panel, a second signal strength of the first signal; measuring, by the first antenna panel, a third signal strength of the second signal; measuring, by the second antenna panel, a fourth signal strength of the second signal; and deactivating the second antenna panel based on the first signal strength being greater than the second signal strength and the third signal strength being greater than the fourth signal strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communications. Many solutions have been proposed for LTE, including those aimed at reducing user and provider costs, improving service quality, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. As high-level requirements, 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple architecture, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption in terminals.

[0003] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP have begun developing requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and the longer-term requirements outlined by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR should be able to use any spectrum band available for wireless communications, at least up to 100 GHz, even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements, and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward-compatible. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] For devices utilizing multiple Rx chains, a management method is needed to determine the enable / disable status of each of the multiple Rx chains.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] If one Rx chain is available to receive signals from multiple TRPs, the remaining Rx chains are disabled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 4is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0013] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0014] Figure 6 Examples of subframe types in NR are shown.

[0015] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SS blocks in NR.

[0016] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0017] Figure 9 An example of performing measurements in E-UTRAN and NR(EN)DC cases is shown.

[0018] Figure 10 An example of performing measurements in the case of NR carrier aggregation is shown.

[0019] Figure 11 An example of beam management by a multi-antenna panel is shown for TRP1 and TRP2.

[0020] Figure 12 An example flow chart illustrating energy saving in multiple Rx chains.

[0021] Figure 13 The process of the UE according to the disclosure of this specification is shown.

[0022] Figure 14 The process of the network according to the disclosure of this specification is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in the DL and SC-FDMA in the UL. Evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0024] For ease of description, the implementation of the present disclosure will be primarily described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, various aspects of the present disclosure, which are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0025] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0026] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0027] In this disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0028] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as “at least one of A and B”.

[0029] In addition, in the disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B, and C." In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0030] In addition, brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" may be provided as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be provided as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" may be provided as an example of "control information."

[0031] Technical features described separately in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0032] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0033] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may represent the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0035] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown are only exemplary. The technical features of this disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0036] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communications (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1 A 5G network is shown as an example of the network of the communication system 1 , but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0038] The BS 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices may operate as BSs / network nodes relative to other wireless devices.

[0039] Wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that communicate using a radio access technology (RAT) such as 5G New RAT (NR) or LTE and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. Wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as drones. XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs), vehicle-mounted heads-up displays (HUDs), televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include televisions, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0040] In the present disclosure, wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). For example, UE may include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0041] For example, a UAV may be an aircraft that flies without a human on board and is controlled by wireless signals.

[0042] For example, a VR device may include a device for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world. For example, an AR device may include a device for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, an MR device may include a device for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them into objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for realizing 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using a light interference phenomenon generated when two lasers meet, called holography.

[0043] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that is wearable on a user's body.

[0044] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0045] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or trauma. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used to regulate pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device used for surgery.

[0046] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, the safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0047] For example, a FinTech device may be a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0048] For example, weather / environmental devices may include devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0049] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G network (e.g., LTE), a 5G network (e.g., NR), and a beyond 5G network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through BS 200 / network 300. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0050] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BS 200. Herein, wireless communications / connections may be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communications 150a, sidelink communications or device-to-device (D2D) communications 150b, inter-base station communications 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), and the like. Wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via the wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, the wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0051] AI refers to the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods for creating it, while machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems addressed in AI and the methods used to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that improve their performance on tasks through consistent experience with those tasks.

[0052] A robot is a machine that can autonomously perform or operate a given task through its own capabilities. In particular, robots that can recognize their environment and independently determine actions to perform are referred to as intelligent robots. Depending on their intended use or field, robots can be categorized as industrial, medical, domestic, military, and so on. Robots can perform various physical operations, such as moving robot joints using actuators or motors. Mobile robots also include driven wheels, brakes, propellers, and other components that allow them to travel on the ground or fly through the air.

[0053] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include maintaining a lane while in motion, automatically adjusting speed (such as adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0054] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology only provides real-world objects and backgrounds through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real-world objects. MR technology is a CG technology that integrates virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they display real and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a supplement to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are treated as equal entities.

[0055] NR supports multiple numerologies (and / or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, a 15kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30kHz / 60kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths. An SCS of 60kHz or higher can support bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0056] NR frequency bands can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in NR systems, FR1 can mean "below 6 GHz" and FR2 can mean "above 6 GHz" and can be referred to as millimeter waves (mmW).

[0057] [Table 1]

[0058] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 450MHz-6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0059] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, as shown in Table 2 below, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band can be used for various purposes, such as for communication in vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0060] [Table 2]

[0061] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410MHz-7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0062] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may be based on LTE-M technology communication. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and is referred to by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0063] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0064] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment, the first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to the use case / service. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS 200 and BS 200}. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / components and / or modules.

[0065] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0066] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 104 ). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101 .

[0067] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0068] Memory 104 may be operatively connected to processor 102. Memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 104 may store firmware and / or software code 105 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0069] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0070] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0071] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 204 ). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201 .

[0072] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0073] Memory 204 may be operatively connected to processor 202. Memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 204 may store firmware and / or software code 205 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0074] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0075] In the following, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202, but are not limited thereto. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs), one or more service data units (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signal to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0076] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0077] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0078] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels as described in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels as described in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0079] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0080] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. can be processed by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may use the one or more processors 102 and 202 to convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal using its (analog) oscillator and / or filter, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive the OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0081] although Figure 2 Although not shown, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a drive device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0082] In implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). In implementations of the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is primarily assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a base station (BS). For example, the processor 102 connected to, installed on, or activated in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform UE behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure or to control the transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure. The processor 202 connected to, installed on, or activated in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform BS behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure or to control the transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure.

[0083] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0084] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0085] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0086] Reference Figure 3 , UE 100 may correspond to Figure 2 The first wireless device 100 is configured to:

[0087] UE 100 includes a processor 102 , memory 104 , a transceiver 106 , one or more antennas 108 , a power management module 141 , a battery 142 , a display 143 , a keypad 144 , a subscriber identity module (SIM) card 145 , a speaker 146 , and a microphone 147 .

[0088] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, and a modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGON MANUFACTURED TM series processors, Manufactured by EXYNOS TM series processors, A series of processors manufactured by Manufactured by HELIO TM series processors, ATOM manufactured TM series processors or corresponding to the next generation processors.

[0089] The memory 104 is operatively coupled to the processor 102 and stores various information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow diagrams disclosed in this disclosure. The modules may be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 may be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102, in which case they may be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means known in the art.

[0090] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives radio signals. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive radio signals.

[0091] The power management module 141 manages the power of the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 provides power to the power management module 141.

[0092] The display 143 outputs a result processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives an input to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be displayed on the display 143.

[0093] The SIM card 145 is an integrated circuit designed to securely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and its associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0094] The speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound-related input to be used by the processor 102.

[0095] <6G System Overview>

[0096] The 6G (wireless communication) system has the following objectives: (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption for battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) interconnected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may include four aspects, such as "intelligent connectivity," "deep connectivity," "holographic connectivity," and "ubiquitous connectivity," and the 6G system may meet the requirements shown in Table 4 below. Specifically, Table 3 shows the requirements for the 6G system.

[0097] [Table 3]

[0098] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite Integration Complete AI Complete Self-service vehicles Complete XR Complete Tactile communication Complete

[0099] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), AI-integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0100] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0101] 6G systems will have 50 times more simultaneous wireless communication connections than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become a more important technology by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms in 6G communications. Unlike the frequency-domain spectrum efficiency of frequently used networks, 6G systems can have better volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network features in 6G may be as follows.

[0102] -Satellite integrated network: To provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. For 6G, it may be important to integrate terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into a wireless communication system.

[0103] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will evolve wireless from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or the various signal processing steps described below).

[0104] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0105] -Ubiquitous Beyond 3D Connectivity: Networks and core network functions accessing drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous Beyond 3D connectivity in 6G.

[0106] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be summarized as follows.

[0107] Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve received signal quality as a result of improvements in throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. Consequently, small cell networks are a fundamental feature of 5G and beyond-5G (5GB) communication systems. Consequently, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0108] Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-layer networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0109] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connectivity is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity services. High-speed fiber and free-space optical (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0110] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0111] -Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important functions that are the basis of the design process in 5Gb networks in order to ensure flexibility, reconfiguration and programmability.

[0112] <Core Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0113] AI

[0114] The most important new technology introduced in 6G systems is AI. 4G systems do not include AI. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create smarter networks in 6G for real-time communications. The introduction of AI into communications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use countless analyses to determine how to perform complex tasks. This means increasing efficiency and reducing processing latency.

[0115] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, or resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can enable fast communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent recognition radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0116] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has focused on the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, these studies have gradually developed to the MAC layer and physical layer, and in particular, attempts are emerging to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms rather than traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it may include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0117] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0118] Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to perform tasks that are difficult or impossible for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. Within machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three approaches: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0119] Neural network learning aims to minimize output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the neural network's output and the target based on the training data, backpropagating the error from the neural network's output layer to the input layer to reduce the error, and updating the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0120] Supervised learning can use training data labeled with the correct answer, while unsupervised learning can use training data that is not labeled with the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be labeled with categories. The labeled training data can be input into the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the labels of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated based on the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculation of the back-propagation of input data and error can be configured with a learning cycle (epoch). The learning data can be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, in the early learning stages of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to increase efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance. In the later learning stages, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.

[0121] The learning method can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict data sent from a transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0122] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the machine learning paradigm that uses a neural network structure with high complexity (for example, an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0123] The neural network core used as a learning method can generally include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). This learning model is applicable.

[0124] THz (terahertz) communication

[0125] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be performed by using sub-TH communication with broadband and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, known as submillimeter radiation, generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, corresponding to a wavelength in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The frequency band range of 100GHz to 300GHz (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the mmWave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far infrared (IR) band. The band of 300GHz to 3THz is part of the optical band, but is at the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the band of 300GHz to 3THz has similarities with RF.

[0126] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0127] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widespread bandwidth available to support very high data rates and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (for which highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements into devices and base stations operating in this frequency band. Consequently, advanced adaptive deployment techniques can be used to overcome range limitations.

[0128] Massive MIMO

[0129] One of the core technologies for improving spectral efficiency is MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Because MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing techniques, as well as beamforming and management techniques suitable for the THz band, should be fully considered to ensure that data signals are transmitted over one or more paths.

[0130] Holographic beamforming

[0131] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratios, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. In 6G, HBF will be a very effective method for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices.

[0132] Optical wireless technology

[0133] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) light to transmit signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390 nm to 750 nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and in-vehicle networks.

[0134] Compared with RF-based technologies, VLC has the following advantages. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is free / licensed and can provide a wide range of bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to electromagnetic interference-sensitive applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks (i.e., visible light) cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect user privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0135] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (e.g., air, outer space, and a vacuum) to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations and can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0136] In addition to RF-based communications for any device to access the network, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communications. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technology has been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies based on optical bands, such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication, are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0137] In 6G communications based on optical wavebands, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object. A light sensor detects the reflected light to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in cars.

[0138] FSO backhaul network

[0139] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of FSO systems are similar to those of fiber optic networks. Therefore, data transmission in FSO systems is similar to that of fiber optic systems. Therefore, FSO may also be a promising technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems, in addition to fiber optic networks. Using FSO enables extremely long-distance communications, even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports large-scale backhaul connectivity for both remote and non-remote areas, such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

[0140] Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)

[0141] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically scalable user communications. 3D base stations will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. The addition of new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity distinct from traditional 2D networks. NR considers non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a means of achieving this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources from satellites (or UAS platforms). There are two common scenarios for NTNs providing access to user devices: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0142] - One or more satellite gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0143] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one satellite gateway.

[0144] - Non-GEO satellites are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system should ensure service and feeder link continuity between consecutively serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0145] - Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0146] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0147] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of delivering transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) generates beams. A satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams for a given service area based on its field of view. The beam footprint is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) is determined by the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0148] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. Therefore, the payload's repetitive waveform signal remains unchanged.

[0149] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as carrying all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0150] -Optionally, for satellite deployments, an inter-satellite link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0151] - The user equipment is served by the satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0152] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0153] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0154] Quantum communication

[0155] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of existing communication technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing, by applying the properties of quantum mechanics to the fields of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s, based on the binary bits used in traditional communication technologies. In traditional communication technologies, wavelength or amplitude is used to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver, but in quantum communication, photons (the smallest unit of light) are used to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver. In particular, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be exploited to determine the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), making quantum communication capable of completely secure communication. Quantum communication can also achieve ultra-high-speed communication using quantum entanglement under certain conditions.

[0156] No cellular communication

[0157] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users will be able to seamlessly move from one network to another without having to manually configure their devices. The optimal network will be automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another in dense networks results in excessive handovers, leading to handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communications will overcome all of these limitations and provide improved QoS.

[0158] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) collaboratively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and CPU." A single terminal is served by a group of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form an AP cluster, among which the method of organizing AP clusters with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of the terminal is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technology ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore not affected by inter-cluster interference that would occur if the device was at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0159] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0160] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of batteries used to charge wireless systems. Consequently, 6G communication will support battery-free devices.

[0161] Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0162] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0163] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0164] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). To cope with this large number of access networks, the access and backhaul networks will be tightly integrated.

[0165] Big Data Analysis

[0166] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze large datasets, or big data. This process identifies hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer insights to ensure comprehensive data management. Big data is collected from various sources, such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process the massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0167] Reconfigurable smart metasurfaces

[0168] Numerous studies have been conducted that consider the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is referred to as a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization standards. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable smart antennas (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) to achieve SRE, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0169] In the case of THz band signals, due to the strong linearity of the signal, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles. RIS technology is important for expanding the communication range by installing RIS near these shadow areas, enhancing communication stability and providing additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that modulates the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be considered an extension of Massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism. RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements—that is, it passively reflects signals without the need for an active RF chain. Furthermore, each passive reflector in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which benefits the wireless communication channel. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0170] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also RISs that can adjust transmission and refraction properties, and these RISs are often used in outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission simultaneously with reflection, has also been actively researched.

[0171] metaverse

[0172] The metaverse is a combination of the words "meta," meaning virtual and transcendent, and "universe," meaning space. Generally, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities are the same as in the real world.

[0173] Extended reality (XR) is a key technology for realizing the metaverse. It is the fusion of virtual and real life, extending the real world experience and providing a unique immersive experience. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0174] Autonomous driving (self-driving)

[0175] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to alert each other to dangerous situations, and with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change timing. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure. It is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share information with various road elements for autonomous driving (for example, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)).

[0176] To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond transmitting warning and guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be enormous. Therefore, compared to 5G, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency.

[0177] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

[0178] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a key factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, UAV technology will be used to provide high-speed data wireless connectivity. The base station itself is physically installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs offer certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and controllable mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes unavailable in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster response services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident detection. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0179] Blockchain

[0180] Blockchain will become an important technology for managing a large amount of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0181] Figure 6 An example of subframe types in NR is shown.

[0182] For NR (or new RAT), Figure 6 The TTI (transmission time interval) shown can be referred to as a subframe or a slot. <​​​​​​​​​​

[0185] In addition, multiple SSBs can be bundled to define an SS burst, and multiple SS bursts can be bundled to define an SS burst set. Assuming that each SSB is beamformed in a specific direction, multiple SSBs in an SS burst set are designed to support terminals located in different directions.

[0186] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SS blocks in NR.

[0187] Reference Figure 7 , SS bursts are sent every predetermined period. Therefore, the terminal receives the SS block and performs cell detection and measurement.

[0188] In addition, in 5G NR, beam sweeping is performed for SS. This will refer to Figure 8 To describe.

[0189] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0190] The base station transmits each SS block in an SS burst while performing beam sweeping according to time. In this case, multiple SS blocks in an SS burst set are transmitted to support terminals existing in different directions, respectively.

[0191] Figure 9 An example of performing measurements in E-UTRAN and NR(EN)DC cases is shown.

[0192] Reference Figure 9 , UE 100 is connected to an E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell and an EN-DC. Here, the Pcell in the EN-DC may be an E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell, and the PSCell in the EN-DC may be an NR cell.

[0193] UE 100 may receive a measurement configuration (or "measconfig") information element (IE) for an E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell. The measurement configuration (or "measconfig") IE received from the E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell may include the fields in Tables 4 to 6.

[0194] [Table 4]

[0195]

[0196] As shown in Table 5, the measurement configuration (or "measconfig") IE may further include a measGapConfig field for setting a measurement gap (MG). In addition to the example shown in Table 6, the gapoffset field within the measGapConfig field may further include gp4, gp5, ..., gp11 for EN-DC.

[0197] In addition, the UE 100 may receive a measurement configuration (“measconfig”) IE for the NR cell as a PSCell directly from the NR cell or through the E-UTRAN cell as a Pcell.

[0198] In addition, the measurement configuration (“measconfig”) IE of the NR cell may include the fields shown in Table 5.

[0199] [Table 5]

[0200]

[0201] The above measGapConfig may further include fields as shown in the following table.

[0202] [Table 6]

[0203]

[0204] In addition, the UE 100 receives a radio resource configuration information element (IE) of an E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell serving as a Pcell. Furthermore, the UE may receive a radio resource configuration IE of an NR cell serving as a PSCell from an NR cell or via an E-UTRAN cell serving as a Pcell. The radio resource configuration IE includes subframe pattern information. The UE 100 performs measurements and reports the measurement results. Specifically, the UE 100 interrupts data transmission and reception with the E-UTRAN (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell during a measurement gap, retunes its own RF chain, and performs measurements based on the SS blocks received from the NR cell.

[0205] Figure 10 An example of performing measurements in the case of NR carrier aggregation is shown.

[0206] Reference Figure 10 UE 100 is configured to perform carrier aggregation with a first cell (e.g., Pcell) and a second cell (e.g., Scell). Here, Pcell may be an NR-based cell, and Scell ​​may be an NR-based cell.

[0207] UE 100 may receive a measurement configuration (or "measconfig") information element (IE). The measurement configuration (or "measconfig") IE may include the fields shown in Tables 4 to 6.

[0208] The UE 100 receives a radio resource configuration information element (IE).

[0209] The UE 100 performs measurements and reports the measurement results.

[0210] <Multiple TRPs (Send / Receive Points)>

[0211] CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint) refers to a method for effectively controlling interference by exchanging information (for example, using the X2 interface) between multiple base stations or utilizing channel information (for example, RI / CQI / PMI / LI, etc.) received from the terminal and cooperatively transmitting it to the terminal. Depending on the method used, it can be categorized as joint transmission (JT), coordinated scheduling (CS), coordinated beamforming (CB), dynamic point selection (DPS), dynamic point blanking (DPB), etc.

[0212] Non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) may refer to collaborative transmission without considering interference (i.e., non-coherent). For example, NCJT may be a method in which a base station transmits data to a single terminal via multiple TRPs using the same time resources and frequency resources. In this arrangement, multiple TRPs of a base station may be configured to transmit data to a terminal through different layers using different demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports. In other words, NCJT may correspond to a transmission scheme that performs MIMO layer transmission from two or more TRPs without adaptive precoding between the TRPs.

[0213] NCJT can be divided into fully overlapping NCJT in which the time resources and frequency resources used for transmission by each base station (or TRP) are fully overlapped, and partially overlapping NCJT in which the time resources and / or frequency resources used for transmission by each base station (or TRP) are partially overlapped. For example, in partially overlapping NCJT, both the data of the first base station (e.g., TRP 1) and the data of the second base station (e.g., TRP 2) can be transmitted in some time resources and / or frequency resources, and only the data of the first base station or the second base station can be transmitted in the remaining time resources and / or frequency resources.

[0214] The TRP transmits data scheduling information as DCI (downlink control information) to the terminal receiving the NCJT. From the perspective of DCI (downlink control information) transmission, the M-TRP (multiple TRP) transmission method can be divided into: i) M-TRP transmission based on M-DCI (multiple DCI), in which each TRP sends different DCI; and ii) M-TRP transmission based on S-DCI (single DCI), in which one TRP sends DCI.

[0215] First, we will look at the single-DCI-based MTRP method. In the single-DCI-based M-TRP method, in which the representative TRP sends scheduling information about the data it sends and the data sent by other TRPs in one DCI, the MTRPs collaboratively send one common PDSCH together, and the individual TRPs participating in the collaborative transmission spatially divide the PDSCH into different layers (i.e., different DMRS ports). In other words, the MTRP will send one PDSCH, but each TRP will only send some of the multiple layers that make up the PDSCH. For example, if 4 layers of data are sent, TRP 1 will send 2 layers, and TRP 2 will send the remaining 2 layers to the UE.

[0216] In this case, the PDSCH scheduling information is indicated to the UE via one DCI, and the DCI indicates which DMRS port utilizes which QCL RS and the QCL type of the information (this is different from indicating the QCL RS and TYPE to be shared by all DMRS ports indicated in the existing DCI). In other words, multiple (M) TCI states are specified via the TCI field in the DCI (for 2 TRP coordinated transmission, M=2), and the M different TCI states for each group of M DMRS ports are used to determine the QCL RS and type. In addition, a new DMRS table can be used to specify DMRS port information.

[0217] For example, in the case of S-DCI, all scheduling information of data sent by M TRPs should be delivered through one DCI, which can be used in an ideal BH (ideal backhaul) environment where dynamic collaboration can be performed between two TRPs.

[0218] Secondly, we will look at the MTRP scheme based on multiple DCI. Each MTRP sends different DCI and PDSCH (the UE receives N DCI and N PDSCH from N TRPs), and these PDSCHs overlap with each other (partially or completely) in frequency-time resources. The PDSCH is scrambled with different scrambling IDs, and the corresponding DCI can be sent via Coresets belonging to different Coreset groups. (The Coreset group can be identified by an index defined within the Coreset configuration of each Coreset. For example, if Coreset 1 and 2 are set to index = 0 and Coreset 3 and 4 are set to index = 1, Coreset 1 and 2 are in Coreset group 0, and Coreset 3 and 4 are in Coreset group 1. In addition, if the index within the Coreset is not defined, it can be interpreted as index = 0). If multiple scrambling IDs are set in one serving cell or more than one Coreset group is set, the UE may notice that it receives data in MTRP operation based on multiple DCI.

[0219] For example, the UE may be instructed via separate signaling whether single-DCI-based MTRP or multi-DCI-based MTRP is used. For example, if multiple CRS patterns are indicated to the UE for MTRP operation for a single serving cell, the PDSCH rate matching for the CRS may differ depending on whether a single-DCI-based MTRP scheme or a multi-DCI-based MTRP scheme is used.

[0220] As described herein, a base station may refer to an object that performs data transmission and reception with a terminal. For example, a base station as described herein may be a concept including one or more transmission points (TPs), one or more transmission and reception points (TRPs), and the like. For example, a plurality of TPs and / or a plurality of TRPs as described herein may be included in a single base station, or may be included in a plurality of base stations. In addition, the TPs and / or TRPs may include a panel, a transmission and reception unit (etc.) of a base station.

[0221] In addition, a TRP as described herein may refer to an antenna array having one or more antenna elements that can be used for a network located in a specific geographic location in a specific area. For ease of description, this specification refers to "TRP", but TRP can be understood / applied interchangeably with base stations, transmission points (TPs), cells (e.g., macrocells / small cells / picocells, etc.), antenna arrays, or panels.

[0222] <Problems to be Solved by the Disclosure of This Specification>

[0223] In the NR FR2 mmWave band, single TRP or multiple TRPs can send signals via transmission technologies such as DPS (dynamic point selection), common layer NCJT (non-coherent joint transmission), independent layer NCJT, collaborative transmission (for reliability enhancement), etc.

[0224] A terminal may have multiple RX chains. The terminal may utilize multiple RX chains to receive signals from different directions and may keep these multiple RX chains enabled at all times. This may increase the terminal's power consumption, which may result in a reduction in the time available for communication.

[0225] Therefore, a management method is needed to determine the enabled / disabled status of each multiple Rx chain.

[0226] <Disclosure of this Specification>

[0227] Recommendations are made for terminal and network behaviors to reduce power consumption when the terminal uses multiple RX chains. Although the methods / behaviors described herein are based on an example of transmitting and receiving signals via mTRP NCJT transmission technology on a single carrier, the methods / behaviors described are equally applicable to environments other than mTRP NCJT transmission technology on a single carrier.

[0228] Figure 11 An example of beam management by a multi-antenna panel is shown for TRP1 and TRP2.

[0229] Multiple TRPs can each transmit signals to a terminal. A terminal can use multiple receive chains to simultaneously receive signals from multiple TRPs. Multiple receive chains can each form an RX beam.

[0230] Figure 12 An example flow chart illustrating energy saving in multiple Rx chains.

[0231] The terminal can receive reference signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS) from an mTPP (multi-TRP) for beam management. The terminal can use multiple receive chains (i.e., multiple antenna panels) to measure Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP). Each receive chain can measure RSRP for the reference signal. Based on the measured RSRP values, the L1-RSRP can be determined.

[0232] At this time, the highest n RSRPs among the RSRPs measured by the respective reception chains may be reported to the network.

[0233] For example, n TRPs can use a total of k Tx beams to transmit k reference signals to the terminal. Each terminal's m receive (Rx) chains can measure RSRP for the k reference signals. That is, the terminal can measure m*k RSRPs. The terminal can measure m RSRPs for one Tx beam reference signal. The terminal can determine the highest RSRP among the m RSRPs. The terminal can report the highest measured RSRP for each TRP to the network. That is, the terminal can report the highest n RSRPs measured for n TRPs to the network.

[0234] If all n RSRPs are measured by one Rx chain, the best Tx beams from multiple TRPs can be aligned with one Rx beam from the terminal (beam alignment). That is, beam management operations between the best Tx beams from multiple TRPs and one Rx beam from the terminal can be completed. In this case, multiple signals from multiple TRPs can all be received using the above-mentioned one receive chain.

[0235] To receive signals from multiple TRPs, the terminal may activate only the antenna panel associated with the terminal's Rx beam corresponding to the beam management result, and disable the other antenna panels to save power. The other disabled antenna panels may be in a disabled state. That is, only one enabled antenna panel can be used to receive signals from multiple TRPs.

[0236] If two TRPs each send a signal to the terminal at layer 2, the terminal cannot receive all signals with one antenna panel because a total of 4 layer signals are sent to the terminal. Therefore, to avoid this, if the terminal only enables one antenna panel (and disables the other antenna panels), the terminal can report to the network that it only enables one antenna panel.

[0237] If the terminal is performing i) measuring L1-RSRP for beam management, ii) radio link monitoring, iii) beam failure detection, or iv) candidate beam detection, the terminal may activate the disabled antenna panel to perform i)-iv), etc.

[0238] The terminal may report to the network that it has only one antenna panel enabled (and the remaining antenna panels disabled).

[0239] Based on the received information, the network can recognize that the terminal is activating one antenna panel and deactivating the others. In other words, the network can recognize that the terminal is using only one antenna panel to receive signals from multiple TRPs.

[0240] The network may then take the following actions.

[0241] 1. If a TRP is attempting to send layer 2 or higher signaling, the network may change the respective TRP to send layer 1 signaling.

[0242] 2. The network can send Layer 2 or higher signaling via various TRPs. Multiple TRPs can send multiple Layer 2 signals to a terminal. A receive chain can only receive one Layer 2 signal at a time. If two TRPs each send a Layer 2 signal to a terminal, the terminal cannot simultaneously receive both Layer 2 signals using only one receive chain. Therefore, in order for a terminal to receive multiple Layer 2 or higher signals from multiple TRPs, the receive chain must be enabled if it is disabled. Therefore, the following actions can be performed.

[0243] 2-1. The network may change the TCI state (Transmission Configuration Indicator) and send it to the terminal. Based on the received TCI state, the terminal may activate disabled antenna panels. The terminal may then use multiple activated receive chains to simultaneously receive multiple Layer 2 or higher signals from multiple TRPs.

[0244] 2-2. When a terminal reports RSRP, the network can configure the terminal so that the RSRP reported for a single Rx beam is only the RSRP for a single Tx beam, regardless of the TRP. This means that the network can allow the terminal to receive signals from Tx beams with different TRPs using Rx beams from multiple antenna panels. To do this, the terminal must be capable of supporting this behavior, which the terminal can report to the network in advance.

[0245] The network can configure the terminal with the above capabilities as in step 2-2 so that the terminal can receive multiple layer 2 signals from multiple TRPs.

[0246] 2-3) Alternatively, the network may configure the terminal to report the individual RSRPs measured by the terminal for the Tx beams of multiple TRPs together with the Rx beam index (or antenna panel index) used for measurement. The network may receive the above-mentioned individual RSRPs and Rx beam indexes. Based on the received individual RSRPs and Rx beam indexes, the network may set the TCI state for the terminal to receive multiple signals as different Rx beams through the individual Tx beams of multiple TRPs. The set TCI state may be sent to the terminal. As described above, the terminal may have the ability to i) report the individual RSRPs measured by the terminal for the Tx beams of multiple TRPs together with the Rx beam index (or antenna panel index) used for measurement, and / or ii) allow the terminal to receive multiple signals through the individual Tx beams of multiple TRPs in different Rx beams. The terminal may also actively report these i) and / or ii) capabilities to the network.

[0247] To save power, the terminal may propose to enable only one receive chain (i.e., one antenna panel). In this case, the following method may be proposed:

[0248] i. For signals using Tx beams from multiple TRPs, the terminal can measure signal strength. The terminal can measure signal strength (e.g., RSRP) using multiple receive chains (multiple antenna panels) or a single receive chain (single antenna panel).

[0249] The terminal can determine the difference between the signal strength measured with multiple receive chains and the signal strength measured with a single receive chain. The terminal can determine the difference for each TRP. That is, if the terminal receives signals from n TRPs, the terminal can determine n differences (the difference between the signal strength measured by multiple receive chains and the signal strength measured by a single receive chain).

[0250] If each of the n differences (the difference between the signal strength measured by multiple receive chains and the signal strength measured by a single receive chain) is below a certain threshold (eg, y dB), the terminal may enable only one receive chain and disable the others.

[0251] ii. If the angle of arrival (AoA) of multiple signals from multiple TRPs is small, the terminal may enable only one receive chain (antenna panel). That is, if the AoA of multiple signals from multiple TRPs is small, the terminal may use only one receive chain to receive the multiple signals.

[0252] The above y value can be set by the network or by the terminal itself.

[0253] The above difference exceeding the y value can be used as a trigger condition for multi-Rx chain reception (multiple antenna panel enabled).

[0254] <TCI Status>

[0255] The IE TCI-state can associate one or two DL reference signals with the corresponding quasi co-location (QCL) types.

[0256] TCI-state can contain tci-StateId (TCI-StateId), qcl-Type1 (QCL-Info), and qcl-Type2 (QCL-Info).

[0257] QCL-Info can contain cell (ServCellIndex), bwp-Id (BWP-Id), referenceSignal (CHOICE {csi-rs (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId), ssb (SSB-Index)}), and qcl-Type (ENUMERATED {typeA, typeB, typeC, typeD}).

[0258] Table 7 describes QCL-Info.

[0259] [Table 7]

[0260]

[0261] Table 8 describes TCI-State.

[0262] [Table 8]

[0263] <000064​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0272] 6. The UE may measure a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel.

[0273] 7. Based on i) the first signal strength being stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength being stronger than the fourth signal strength, the UE may deactivate the second antenna panel.

[0274] The UE may receive a signal from the first base station and a signal from the second base station via the first antenna panel.

[0275] The signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station may be layer 1 signals.

[0276] The signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station may be received simultaneously.

[0277] The UE may report to the network that the second antenna panel has been deactivated.

[0278] The UE may receive TCI (Transmission Configuration Indicator) status information from the network.

[0279] The UE may enable the second antenna panel based on the TCI status information.

[0280] The TCI state information may include information that the first base station or the second base station will transmit a layer 2 signal to the UE.

[0281] The UE may reactivate the second antenna panel.

[0282] The UE may use the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to perform L1-RSRP measurement, radio link monitoring, beam failure detection, or candidate beam detection.

[0283] The step of deactivating the second antenna panel may be performed based on an AoA (Angle of Arrival) between the first signal and the second signal.

[0284] Figure 14 The process of the network according to the disclosure of this specification is shown.

[0285] 1. The network may receive antenna panel information from a UE (User Equipment) that the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel are to be deactivated.

[0286] The UE may include a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel.

[0287] 2. The network may send a layer 1 signal to the UE via the base station.

[0288] Hereinafter, an apparatus for performing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0289] For example, a UE may include a processor, a transceiver, and a memory.

[0290] For example, a processor may be configured to be operatively coupled with a memory and a processor.

[0291] The processor may execute: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; wherein the UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; and deactivating the second antenna panel based on i) the first signal strength is stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength is stronger than the fourth signal strength.

[0292] Hereinafter, a processor for providing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0293] The processor is configured to: receive a first signal from a first base station; receive a second signal from a second base station; wherein the UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, measures a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measures a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measures a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measures a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; and deactivates the second antenna panel based on i) the first signal strength is stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength is stronger than the fourth signal strength.

[0294] Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for providing a multicast service in wireless communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0295] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure may be directly implemented as hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. For example, in wireless communications, the methods performed by a wireless device may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, the software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or other storage medium.

[0296] Some examples of storage media are coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage media can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage media can reside in an ASIC. In another example, the processor and storage media can reside as separate components.

[0297] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

[0298] For example, non-volatile computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures, or non-volatile computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0299] Furthermore, the methods described herein may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium carrying code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0300] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores one or more instructions, and the one or more stored instructions may be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0301] The one or more stored instructions cause: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; wherein the UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; and deactivating the second antenna panel based on i) the first signal strength is stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength is stronger than the fourth signal strength.

[0302] This description can have various effects.

[0303] For example, a terminal including multiple Rx chains may deactivate some of the multiple Rx chains to save power consumption on the terminal.

[0304] The effects that can be achieved through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or deduce from this specification. Therefore, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, and may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical characteristics of this specification.

[0305] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for performing communication performed by a user equipment UE, the method comprising the following steps: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; The UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel. measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; The second antenna panel is deactivated based on i) the first signal strength being stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength being stronger than the fourth signal strength.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: A signal from the first base station and a signal from the second base station are received via the first antenna panel.

3. The method according to claim 2, in, The signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station are layer 1 signals.

4. The method according to claim 2, in, The signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station are received simultaneously.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: The information that the second antenna panel has been deactivated is reported to the network.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: Receiving transmission configuration indicator TCI status information from the network; enabling the second antenna panel based on the TCI status information, The TCI status information includes information that the first base station or the second base station will send a layer 2 signal to the UE.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: reactivating the second antenna panel; L1-RSRP measurement, radio link monitoring, beam failure detection, or candidate beam detection are performed using the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel.

8. The method according to claim 1, in, The step of deactivating the second antenna panel is performed based on an angle of arrival AoA between the first signal and the second signal.

9. A user equipment UE for performing communication, the UE comprising: Transceiver; as well as processor, The processor performs an operation, wherein the operation includes: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; The UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel. measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; The second antenna panel is deactivated based on i) the first signal strength being stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength being stronger than the fourth signal strength.

10. The UE according to claim 9, wherein: The operations also include: receiving a signal from the first base station and a signal from the second base station via the first antenna panel, wherein the signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station are layer 1 signals, The signal from the first base station and the signal from the second base station are received simultaneously.

11. The UE according to claim 9, wherein: The operations also include: The information that the second antenna panel has been deactivated is reported to the network.

12. The UE according to claim 9, wherein: The operations also include: Receiving transmission configuration indicator TCI status information from the network; enabling the second antenna panel based on the TCI status information, The TCI status information includes information that the first base station or the second base station will send a layer 2 signal to the UE.

13. The UE according to claim 9, wherein: The operations also include: reactivating the second antenna panel; L1-RSRP measurement, radio link monitoring, beam failure detection, or candidate beam detection are performed using the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel.

14. The UE according to claim 9, in, The step of deactivating the second antenna panel is performed based on an angle of arrival AoA between the first signal and the second signal.

15. A method for performing communication performed by a network, the method comprising the steps of: receiving antenna panel information from a user equipment UE that a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel are to be deactivated; The UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel. A layer 1 signal is sent to the UE via a base station.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the steps of: Changing the transmission configuration indicator TCI status information used to send layer 2 signals; Sending the changed TCI state information to the UE; A layer 2 signal is sent to the UE via the base station.

17. A network for performing communication, the network comprising: Transceiver; as well as processor, The processor performs an operation, wherein the operation includes: receiving antenna panel information from a user equipment UE that a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel are to be deactivated; The UE includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel. A layer 1 signal is sent to the UE via a base station.

18. A device in mobile communication, the device comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, Wherein, based on the instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the instruction performs an operation, and the operation includes: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; The device comprises a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; The second antenna panel is deactivated based on i) the first signal strength being stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength being stronger than the fourth signal strength.

19. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having recorded thereon instructions, in, Upon execution by one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to perform operations including: receiving a first signal from a first base station; receiving a second signal from a second base station; The UE including the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium includes a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, measuring a first signal strength of the first signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a second signal strength of the first signal via the second antenna panel; measuring a third signal strength of the second signal via the first antenna panel; measuring a fourth signal strength of the second signal via the second antenna panel; The second antenna panel is deactivated based on i) the first signal strength being stronger than the second signal strength and ii) the third signal strength being stronger than the fourth signal strength.

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