A straw row-forming and deep-mixing rotary tillage farming machine and method for saline-alkali land

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixed rotary tillage machine and method, which relates to the technical field of rotary tillers. The machine comprises a frame assembly, on which a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly, a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly, a suppression assembly and a power assembly are arranged; the rotary tillage assembly comprises a first rotary tillage assembly and a second rotary tillage assembly arranged at intervals in front and back, and the first rotary tillage assembly and the second rotary tillage assembly both comprise a knife shaft connected to the power assembly in transmission and a plurality of rotary tillage knives arranged on the knife shaft; the rotary tillage knives in the first rotary tillage assembly are divided into deep rotary tillage knives and shallow rotary tillage knives, and the deep rotary tillage knives and the shallow rotary tillage knives are arranged alternately; the rotary tillage knives in the second rotary tillage assembly are all shallow rotary tillage knives. The machine of the invention can realize rotary tillage, fertilizing, sowing and suppression in one operation, and combines deep tillage with row sowing of dry-alkali wheat technology, which can not only significantly improve the yield and quality of crops, but also play a positive role in the improvement of saline-alkali land and the protection of the ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rotary tillers, and in particular to a machine and method for deep-mixing rotary tillage with straw returning in rows in arid-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with excessively high salt content in the soil, which affects the normal growth of crops. The total area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world is about 954.38 million hectares, of which China accounts for 99.13 million hectares. China's saline-alkali land is mainly related to the accumulation of carbonates in the soil, resulting in a high degree of alkalinity, and plants in severe areas can hardly survive. Based on the cause and geographical location, China's saline-alkali land can be divided into five main areas:

[0003] Northwest sulfate saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in northwest my country, with high soil salt content, mainly sulfate. Low soil permeability and small porosity lead to severe soil compaction and difficulty in vegetation growth. At the same time, sulfate in the soil will also form soluble salts with other ions in the soil, lowering the soil pH and affecting the growth of crops.

[0004] Secondary saline-alkali land in the Hetao irrigation area: It usually occurs in irrigated agricultural areas. Due to unreasonable irrigation methods and management, the irrigation water contains salt and drainage is poor, resulting in salt accumulation in the soil.

[0005] Northeast Soda Saline-Alkali Land: Mainly distributed in Northeast my country, it has soda (sodium carbonate) as the main salt and the soil is strongly alkaline, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of crops, leading to problems such as sparse vegetation and soil compaction.

[0006] North China saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in the North China Plain area, the soil salt content is high and unevenly distributed, which has a great impact on the growth of crops and may lead to reduced crop yields or even crop failure.

[0007] Coastal tidal flat saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in coastal areas, greatly affected by sea water, with high soil salt content, shallow groundwater level and high mineralization, and easily affected by natural factors such as sea breeze and sea fog.

[0008] According to the characteristics of saline-alkali land in these different regions, different treatment plans need to be adopted to reduce soil salt content, improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a suitable agricultural machinery, such as a deep mixing rotary sowing machine, which can improve agricultural production efficiency and crop yield in dry alkali land and promote sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing rotary tillage machine and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention provides a dry-alkali land straw row-returning belt deep mixing rotary tillage machine, including a frame assembly, on which a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly, a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly, a suppression assembly and a power assembly are provided; the rotary tillage assembly includes a first rotary tillage assembly and a second rotary tillage assembly arranged at intervals in front and behind, the first rotary tillage assembly and the second rotary tillage assembly both include a knife shaft transmission-connected to the power assembly and a plurality of rotary tilling blades arranged on the knife shaft; the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly are divided into deep rotary tillage blades and shallow rotary tillage blades, and the deep rotary tillage blades and the shallow rotary tillage blades are arranged alternately; the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly are all shallow rotary tillage blades.

[0011] The advantages of the dry-alkali land straw row-returning deep rotary tillage machine proposed in the above technical scheme are: in order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, the straw on both sides is concentrated in the deep rotary tillage belt through the straw raking device, and rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and suppression are performed in one operation, and strip deep tillage can not only increase wheat yield, but also reduce the energy consumption of deep tillage.

[0012] As an optional method, the deep rotary tiller is arranged at the middle position of the knife shaft, and its tillage width is not less than the width of a sowing belt. The shallow rotary tiller is arranged on both sides of the deep rotary tiller, and the tillage width of the shallow rotary tiller on both sides is 1 times or 0.5 times the width of the sowing belt.

[0013] As an optional manner, a plurality of cutter discs are fixedly connected to the circumference of the cutter shaft at intervals along the axial direction, and the rotary tiller blade is fixed to the cutter disc by welding a blade guard.

[0014] As an optional method, the rotary tilling knives on two adjacent knife discs form an angle of 150 degrees.

[0015] As an optional manner, the straw-raising device includes a plurality of straw-raising notch discs adjustably arranged at the front end of the frame, and the straw-raising notch discs are toothed discs, and a sawtooth gap is formed between two adjacent teeth.

[0016] As an optional method, the straw raking device includes two 400mm toothed discs arranged at two edge positions and two 300mm toothed discs arranged at a middle position, and the two adjacent straw raking notched discs in the middle are arranged in an outward-facing "X" shape.

[0017] As an optional method, the suppression assembly includes two suppression legs connected to the left and right sides of the frame assembly, a suppression cantilever elastically hinged at the lower end of the suppression leg, a suppression shaft connected between the two suppression cantilevers, and two suppression rollers rotatably connected to the suppression shaft.

[0018] As an optional manner, a scraper plate is installed at the rear side of the pressing roller, and the scraper plate is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller to scrape off the accumulated soil on the surface of the pressing roller.

[0019] As an optional manner, the suppression cantilever is connected to the frame assembly through an adjusting screw, and a spring leg is arranged between one end of the suppression cantilever connected to the suppression shaft and the frame assembly.

[0020] As an optional method, the fertilization assembly includes a fertilizer box, an electronically controlled fertilizer discharger, and a fertilizer outlet of a dustpan. The electronically controlled fertilizer discharger includes a fertilizer discharger housing, a seed cleaning brush, an outer groove wheel, a retaining ring, a blocking wheel, a coupling, a meshing shaft and a motor.

[0021] As an optional manner, the sowing assembly includes a seed box, a seeder and a plurality of sowing legs located below the seeder, wherein the sowing legs are four 120 mm wide sowing legs arranged crosswise.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for deep-mixing tillage with straw in rows on arid-alkali land, using any of the above-mentioned deep-mixing tillage machines for straw in rows on arid-alkali land, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: straw row processing, including straw crushing and shallow rotary tillage;

[0024] Step S2: rotary tillage operation, including deep rotary tillage and shallow rotary tillage;

[0025] Step S3: fertilization operation, including electronically controlled fertilization and variable fertilization;

[0026] Step S4: sowing operation;

[0027] Step S5: Suppression operation;

[0028] Step S6: Crop rotation production to achieve alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw return belts.

[0029] One possible method also includes automatically monitoring soil environmental parameters through an intelligent control system and adjusting the amount of fertilizer, tillage depth and sowing density based on real-time monitoring data.

[0030] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0031] The agricultural machinery of the present invention has two main functions: strip tillage and deep tillage. This machinery can penetrate the plow bottom layer and increase the depth of soil tillage, thereby promoting the development of crop roots and thus increasing crop yields. It also increases wheat yields by taking advantage of the edge row effect, which is an agricultural technology that increases crop yields by optimizing crop row spacing.

[0032] In addition, the design of this machine also helps to reduce the energy consumption of deep plowing operations, which is crucial for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural operations. Combining deep plowing of the land with the technology of direct seeding of drought-tolerant and saline-alkali wheat can not only significantly increase the yield and quality of crops, but also play a positive role in the improvement of saline-alkali land and the protection of the ecological environment. This combined method not only improves the economic benefits of agriculture, but also enhances the sustainable development ability of agriculture.

[0033] Generally speaking, the popularization and application of this technology have far-reaching significance for improving the agricultural structure and enhancing agricultural competitiveness. It helps to achieve the modernization of agricultural production and environmental sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the implement in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 The left view of the implement;

[0037] Figure 3 It is the internal structure diagram of the implement in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first rotary tillage assembly in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first side plate in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second side plate in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is the front view of the pressing assembly in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 It is the side view of the pressing assembly in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 It is the axonometric view of the pressing assembly in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 It is the side view of the straw rake disc in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 11 Top view of the straw raking disc in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention

[0046] Figure 12 Axonometric view of the straw raking disc in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention

[0047] Figure 13 Front sectional view of the electric control fertilizer distributor in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention

[0048] Figure 14 Side sectional view of the electric control fertilizer distributor in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention

[0049] Figure 15 Cultivation principle of the implement of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0050] Figure 16 Cultivation principle of the implement of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0051] In the figure: 1. Transmission connection part; 2. Frame assembly, 21. First side plate; 22. Second side plate; 3. Power assembly; 4. Seed box; 5. Fertilizer application assembly; 51. Hopper fertilizer outlet, 52. Electric control fertilizer distributor; 521. Fertilizer distributor housing; 522. Seed cleaning brush; 523. External fluted wheel; 524. Retaining ring; 525. Blocking wheel; 526. Coupling; 527. Meshing shaft; 6. Straw raking notched disc; 61. Sawtooth gap; 7. First rotary tillage assembly; 71. Mixed rotary cutter shaft; 72. Shallow rotary tillage cutter; 73. Deep rotary tillage cutter; 8. Second rotary tillage assembly; 9. Sowing assembly; 10. Pressing assembly; 101. Pressing leg; 102. Pressing cantilever; 103. Pressing shaft; 104. Pressing roller; 105. Soil entry tooth-shaped ring; 11. Seeder; 12. Transmission shaft; 13. Soil scraping plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] Aiming at the problems of heat transfer, cost, and the inability to generate air circulation in the surrounding closed structure existing in the existing traditional wet construction method and dry prefabricated trench insulation module method, a deep mixed rotary tillage implement and method for returning straw to rows in saline-alkali land based on mechanical enhanced convection are proposed. This system is based on the principle of mechanical enhanced convection to achieve more environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and low-carbon building goals.

[0054] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] Referring to Figures 1 to 16 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a deep-mixing rotary tillage and seeding machine for returning straw to rows in saline-alkali land, including a frame assembly. A transmission connection part 1 is provided at the front end of the frame assembly for connecting to an agricultural vehicle (such as a tractor). On the frame assembly, a straw raking device, a fertilizer application assembly 5, a rotary tillage assembly, a seeding assembly 9, and a pressing assembly 10 are sequentially arranged from front to back, and a power assembly 3, a fertilizer tank, a seed box 4, etc. are provided on the frame assembly. The machine of the present invention is designed to apply fertilizer at the front end and sow seeds at the rear end. The straw raking device at the frontmost side gathers weeds. The first rotary tillage assembly 7 in the rotary tillage assembly breaks up the weeds and returns them to the field and applies fertilizer. Then, the second rotary tillage assembly 8 performs secondary rotary tillage on the land. After sowing, the pressing assembly 10 levels the land, and then the soil adhering to the roller of the pressing assembly 10 is cleaned by the scraping plate 13.

[0056] Specifically, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, the machine of the present invention is connected to a tractor through the transmission connection part 1 at the front end of the frame. The power assembly 3 includes a drive shaft 12, a reducer, a helical gearbox, and other systems. The tractor outputs power, which is transmitted to the reducer through the transmission connection part 1 and then to the rotary tillage assembly by the drive shaft 12. The rotary tillage assembly has two rows, including a first rotary tillage assembly 7 and a second rotary tillage assembly 8 arranged at intervals in the front-rear direction of the frame assembly. The first rotary tillage assembly 7 is connected to the reducer through the drive shaft 12. There is a helical gearbox (such as a helical gearbox) between the second rotary tillage assembly 8 and the first rotary tillage assembly 7. The drive shaft 12 transmits power to the first rotary tillage assembly 7, and then the helical gearbox transmits the power to the second rotary tillage assembly 8 to achieve the purpose of secondary rotary tillage.

[0057] The working principle of the deep-mixing rotary tillage and seeding machine for returning straw to rows in saline-alkali land disclosed in the above embodiment:

[0058] This machine is designed to apply fertilizer at the front end and sow seeds at the rear end. The straw raking device at the frontmost side gathers weeds and straw in the deep tillage and rotary tillage area. Fertilizer leaks from the fertilizer tank and is scattered into the rotary tillage area at the fertilizer outlet 51 of the dustpan. The deep rotary tillage blade 73 breaks up the straw and returns it to the field and mixes it fully with the fertilizer. Then, the land is subjected to secondary rotary tillage by the secondary rotary tillage blade to make the fertilizer and soil mix more fully. After two rotary tillages, the seeding assembly 9 sows seeds in the deep tillage and seeding belt. After sowing, the pressing assembly 10 levels the land, and the scraping plate 13 behind the pressing roller 104 scrapes off the soil adhering to the pressing roller 104, completing the entire rotary tillage and seeding process.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the straw raking device includes a plurality of straw raking notched discs 6, a motor base, and a centering cutter structural component. The straw raking device can be adjusted in terms of angle and height to adapt to the heights of different weeds and straws, improving the raking efficiency. The straw raking device can also better adapt to different types and densities of straws and weeds by adjusting the rotation speed and cutting ability. The motor in the straw raking device drives the straw raking notched disc 6 to rotate, the cylinder controls the centering cutter to move up and down, and the rodless cylinder controls the overall left-right movement to achieve the function of horizontal or bevel cutting of materials. This structure can be installed on a vertical frame or a frame with a certain angle. The installation method of the straw raking notched disc 6 requires that the straw raking notched disc 6 must be firmly installed, symmetric with the rotation center plane of the saw blade, and there are specific requirements for the distance between the dividing blade edge and the saw tooth tip. The dividing blade should be able to be adjusted in the up-down and front-back directions on the saw blade plane.

[0060] In the above embodiments, the structure of the straw raking notched disc 6 is as Figures 10 to 12 shown. The straw raking notched disc 6 is a toothed disc with notches, with a tooth width of 50 mm and a depth of 60 mm, and a saw tooth gap 61 is formed between two teeth. The straw raking notched disc 6 is arranged obliquely to fully cut the weeds in the 600-mm sowing belt and gather them in the deep tillage belt. The relatively large saw tooth gap 61 is beneficial for reducing the collision with the front soil blocks during the forward movement of the straw returning strip deep rotary tillage seeding machine for saline-alkali land, reducing the resistance of the strip deep mixing and seeding machine and preventing grass leakage.

[0061] In some embodiments, in order to more easily cut weeds and straws, the straw raking notched discs 6 are arranged in an outer V shape to facilitate gathering the straws in the deep tillage area. The straw raking device can not only adjust the height and angle to adapt to the heights of different weeds and straws, but also adjust the rotation speed and cutting ability to adapt to different types and densities of straws and weeds. The straw raking device includes four straw raking notched discs 6 arranged along the width direction of the frame assembly. The two straw raking notched discs 6 on both sides are rotatable 400-mm toothed discs, and different-angle rotation fixation can be completed through buckles, and the height can be adjusted up and down through the rotation screw to achieve the best straw raking effect. The middle straw raking notched disc 6 is fixed by a square steel with an adjustable included angle, and two rotatable 300-mm toothed discs are installed on each side, arranged in an outer V shape to achieve a 600-mm straw raking range, and the straws in front of the straw raking device are gathered in the deep tillage area.

[0062] An object of the present invention is to achieve a mixed mode of deep rotary tillage and shallow rotary tillage for seeding. For this purpose, the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly 7 of the present invention are arranged alternately with deep rotary tillage blades and shallow rotary tillage blades, and all the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly 8 are shallow rotary tillage blades. The strip of deep tillage and seeding and the strip of shallow tillage and seeding are spaced 600 mm apart, so as to realize the strip rotation production of dry saline wheat. This not only increases the yield of wheat by utilizing the edge row effect, but also breaks the plow sole, increases the tillage layer thickness, and increases the crop yield.

[0063] To achieve the above technical object, in this embodiment, the structure of the first rotary tillage assembly 7 is as Figure 7 shown. The first rotary tillage assembly 7 includes a mixed rotary tillage shaft 71, shallow rotary tillage blades 72 and deep rotary tillage blades 73. The mixed rotary tillage shaft 71 is 1170 mm long and transmits power from the reducer to both sides. A cutter disc with a diameter of 370 mm is welded on the mixed rotary tillage shaft 71. The cutter disc is used to install the rotary tillage blades and is fixed by welding the cutter guard. The deep rotary tillage blades 73 adopt T265 rotary tillage blades, and the shallow rotary tillage blades 72 adopt T245 rotary tillage blades. The deep rotary tillage blades 73 are arranged at the axial middle position of the mixed rotary tillage shaft 71 and are fixed on the cutter disc with screws, covering a tillage width of 60 mm. In some embodiments, the covering lengths of the shallow rotary tillage blades 72 on both sides are also 60 mm, ensuring that the deep and shallow rotary tillage width of the straw rowing strip deep mixed rotary tillage seeding machine for dry saline land back and forth is 600 mm, realizing the edge row effect of strip seeding. During the rotary tillage process, through real-time monitoring and adjustment functions, it is ensured that the best rotary tillage depth and quality can be achieved under different soil conditions.

[0064] The second rotary tillage assembly 8 includes a rotary tillage shaft and a number of secondary rotary tillage blades fixedly connected to the periphery of the rotary tillage shaft. All the secondary rotary tillage blades adopt T195 rotary tillage blades to achieve shallow rotary tillage. The secondary rotary tillage blades break up the residual soil blocks in the land, and the rotary tillage depth is monitored and adjusted in real time during the rotary tillage process to achieve precision agriculture.

[0065] In some embodiments, the tillage width of the deep rotary tillage blades 73 in the first rotary tillage assembly 7 is 60 mm, and the tillage widths of the shallow rotary tillage blades 72 on both sides are 300 mm, so as to meet the condition of 600 mm for one round trip of rotary tillage. The deep rotary tillage blades 73 penetrate the soil to a depth of 380 mm. Four deep rotary tillage blades 73 are installed on each cutter disc at the deep tillage position of the mixed rotary tillage shaft 71, and the included angle between the deep rotary tillage blades 73 on adjacent cutter discs is 150 degrees. Two shallow rotary tillage blades 72 are installed on each cutter disc at the shallow tillage position, and the included angle between the shallow rotary tillage blades 72 on adjacent cutter discs is 150 degrees.

[0066] In some embodiments, the deep rotary tillage blades 73 in the first rotary tillage assembly 7 weld the cutter guard to the cutter disc and cut into the cutter disc by 40 mm. The weld seam is required to be continuous without interruption, the width of the seam opening is not greater than 1.5 times the thickness of the plate, and there is no splash around, so as to achieve the 380 mm rotary tillage blade penetration depth and the strength of the rotary tillage blade.

[0067] In some embodiments, the deep tillage depth of the deep tillage part of the first rotary tillage assembly 7 is 380 mm. The T265 rotary tillage knives are fixed on the knife guard and welded to the cutter head with a diameter of 380 mm. In order to prevent clogging during deep tillage, four round holes are left on the cutter head, which not only reduces the weight of the cutter head but also reduces the possibility of insufficient tillage depth caused by soil plugging. The shallow tillage rotary tillage knives 72 are selected as T225 rotary tillage knives to reach a tillage depth of 180 mm. For strip seeding, deep tillage and shallow tillage are required for combined rotary tillage. Four rotary tillage knives are installed on the rotary tillage part of the deep tillage rotary tillage knives to achieve the rotary tillage purpose, and two rotary tillage knives are installed on the shallow tillage part for rotary tillage.

[0068] In some embodiments, the secondary rotary tillage knives installed on the rotary tillage knife shaft of the second rotary tillage assembly 8 are shallow tillage rotary tillage knives 72, so as to loosen the soil and make the rotary tillage more delicate, which can change the soil structure to make the soil fine and uniform without large soil clods and increase the air permeability of the soil to provide a good growth environment for crops. The secondary rotary tillage knives are selected as T195 rotary tillage knives, and two rotary tillage knives are installed on each part, with an angle difference of 150 degrees between adjacent rotary tillage knives.

[0069] In the above embodiments, the frame assembly has a first side plate and a second side plate 22, and its structure is as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown. As Figure 5 shown, the first side plate of the frame assembly is made of Q235 steel with a thickness of 12 mm, and the position of the reducer is fixed on the first side plate by welding cross beams. The welded joints of the steel plate made of Q235 steel are not easy to crack. As Figure 6 shown, the second side plate 22 of the frame assembly is made of Q235 steel with a thickness of 12 mm. The second side plate 22 and the first side plate are fixedly connected together through holes using screws. The second side plate 22 fixes the rear cross beam with five screws to fix the seeding legs and the pressing assembly 10 on the cross beam.

[0070] In the above embodiments, electric control fertilization is adopted. The fertilization assembly 5 includes a fertilizer tank, an electric control fertilizer discharger, and a hopper fertilizer outlet 51. Among them, the fertilizer tank is fixedly connected to the frame assembly, and the release of fertilizer is controlled by the electric control fertilizer discharger. The fertilizer discharged through the electric control fertilizer discharger is evenly dispersed on the ground through the hopper fertilizer outlet 51. The above fertilization assembly 5 is connected to the control unit, and can be accurately set specifically according to the requirements of the fertilization amount, so as to achieve variable fertilization and improve the uniformity and accuracy of fertilization. When the machine is operating, the control unit obtains the real-time forward speed of the machine from the Beidou navigation autopilot, and after processing, controls and adjusts the rotation speed of the external groove wheel 523 electric control fertilizer discharger to achieve adaptive controlled amount of fertilizer discharge, so as to ensure the uniformity of fertilizer discharge and achieve a more uniform and accurate fertilizer distribution; it supports the setting of multiple fertilization formulas and ratios to meet the needs of different crops and soils.

[0071] In some embodiments, the structure of the electric control fertilizer discharger is as Figure 13and Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the electric control fertilizer distributor mainly consists of a fertilizer distributor housing 521, a seed cleaning brush 522, an external fluted roller 523, a retaining ring 524, a blocking roller 525, a coupling 526, a meshing shaft 527 and a motor, etc. The external fluted roller 523, the blocking roller 525, the two end retaining rings 524 and the seed cleaning brush 522 are installed on the fertilizer distributor housing. The fertilizer distributor housing serves as a support and can be connected to external devices such as a fertilizer tank and a fertilizer discharge pipe. The motor is connected to the external fluted roller 523 through the coupling 526 and the meshing shaft 527 to drive the external fluted roller 523 to rotate. The effective working length of the external fluted roller 523 is adjustable. The blocking roller 525 and the external fluted roller 523 are not only coaxial but also have the same outer diameter dimension. Moving the axial position of the blocking roller 525 can change the effective working length of the external fluted roller 523. When the machine is operating, the control unit obtains the real-time forward speed of the machine from the Beidou navigation autopilot. After processing, it controls and adjusts the rotation speed of the electric control fertilizer distributor of the external fluted roller 523 to achieve adaptive controlled fertilizer discharge, thereby ensuring the uniformity of fertilizer discharge.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the sowing assembly 9 includes a seed box 4, a seeder 11 and a plurality of sowing legs located below the seeder 11. The sowing legs are arranged in a cross pattern with four sowing legs that are 120 mm wide, which not only reduces the possibility of soil clogging but also can completely cover a sowing width of 600 mm. After sowing, a roller with a length of 2385 mm and a diameter of 375 mm is installed to compact the sown land, and a soil scraping plate 13 strips the soil attached to the roller. Considering the splashing phenomenon during sowing, four sowing legs are installed in the 600 mm sowing belt to achieve full coverage of sowing in the sowing belt. At the same time, the sowing legs are installed staggeredly to avoid clogging; the sowing legs are installed on a truss that can be adjusted up and down through a buckle, and the soil penetration height of sowing can be adjusted up and down to achieve the best sowing efficiency.

[0073] In the above embodiment, the structure of the compaction assembly 10 is as Figures 7 to 9As shown in the figure, the compaction assembly 10 includes a compaction leg 101 connected to the frame assembly, a compaction cantilever 102 elastically hinged to the lower end of the compaction leg 101, a compaction shaft 103 between two compaction cantilevers 102 connected to both sides of the frame assembly, and two compaction drums 104 rotatably connected to the compaction shaft 103. An earth-entering tooth-shaped ring 105 is fixedly connected to one side end face of the two compaction drums 104. The outer circumference of the compaction drum 104 is connected with at least one circle of earth-entering tooth-shaped rings 105 (the earth-entering tooth-shaped rings 105 can be arranged on one side or both sides of the compaction drum 104 or at any position on the compaction shaft 103). In this embodiment, the earth-entering tooth-shaped ring 105 is a bent angle steel, welded to the outer peripheral surface of one side of the compaction drum 104 to enhance the earth-entering performance. At the same time, to prevent soil from adhering to the compaction drum 104 and reducing the working efficiency of the compaction drum 104, a soil scraping plate 13 is installed at the rear of the compaction drum 104. The soil scraping plate 13 is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the compaction drum 104 to scrape off the excessive soil, reducing the energy consumption during the operation of the compaction assembly 10 and improving the compaction efficiency. The compaction assembly 10 is compacted by spring legs, and the compaction force applied by the compaction assembly 10 to the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the screw rod to change the compaction effect.

[0074] In some embodiments, the compaction drum 104 uses a 2380mm drum, is connected through a hexagonal rod, and spring compaction legs 101 are used on both sides, which can improve the compaction efficiency, and the power is transmitted to the seeding assembly 9 through a transmission rod connected to the compaction leg 101.

[0075] In some embodiments, the reducer in the power assembly 3 selects a ten-module large box, the center distance of the helical gear box is 830mm, the fixing plate of the ten-module large box is fixed to the rotary tiller by welding, and it is required that the welds are neat without air bubbles, the width of the weld seam is not greater than 1.5 times the thickness of the plate, there is no splash around the weld seam, the ten-module large box is connected by M24×50 hexagonal head bolts, and the helical gear box is fixed to the side plate of the frame assembly together with the bearing by M16×80 bolts. The reducer is installed at the middle position of the implement in this embodiment, the helical gear box is installed on one side, and plowshares are arranged on the lower sides of both the reducer and the helical gear box. Among them, the plowshare on the lower side of the helical gear box not only plays the role of entering the ground but also plays the role of protecting the helical gear box.

[0076] In some embodiments, the present invention adopts an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system includes automatically monitoring environmental parameters such as soil humidity and soil salt content, and adjusting the fertilization amount, rotary tillage depth and seeding density according to the real-time monitoring data to achieve precision agriculture. The intelligent control system integrated in the rotary tiller consists of multiple modules, and these modules interact with each other through precise logical relationships and links to achieve the automation and intelligent control of the rotary tiller. The following are the link relationships and logical relationships between each module:

[0077] Control module: This is the brain of the entire system, consisting of a microprocessor, responsible for real-time monitoring of the status of the agricultural machinery, collecting various data, and controlling the travel, tillage depth, speed, etc. of the agricultural machinery according to preset programs and algorithms. The control module will also adjust the control parameters according to changes in the external environment.

[0078] Sensor module: including different types of sensors such as soil temperature, humidity, meteorological information, air pressure, color, etc. These sensors are responsible for obtaining farmland environmental parameter information in real time and transmitting data to the control module. The speed sensor monitors the speed of the rotary tiller, the inclination sensor monitors the tilt of the rotary tiller, and the displacement sensor monitors the depth of rotary tillage.

[0079] Execution module: Operates according to the instructions of the control module, starts the engine, adjusts the rotary tillage depth, and controls the hydraulic system. The execution module includes motors, hydraulic cylinders, and solenoid valves, which are directly connected to the mechanical parts of the agricultural machinery to achieve precise physical operations.

[0080] Data transmission module: responsible for transmitting the data collected by the sensor and the instructions of the control module to the monitoring terminal, and transmitting the operator's instructions to the control module.

[0081] Sensors detect the external environment and the status of agricultural machinery and collect data.

[0082] The data transmission module sends the collected data to the control module.

[0083] The control module analyzes the data and generates instructions based on the preset control strategy.

[0084] The execution module receives instructions and performs corresponding physical operations.

[0085] Automatic control of tillage depth and levelness: Through the reference surface monitoring device, inclination sensor, rotary encoder and displacement sensor, the system can monitor the actual tillage depth of the rotary tiller and automatically adjust to maintain the set depth to ensure the flatness and depth consistency of the cultivated land.

[0086] Remote monitoring and operation: Using the wireless data transceiver module and the data acquisition and processing module, the operating status of the rotary tiller can be remotely monitored and controlled through a mobile phone or computer, realizing intelligent operation and improving operation accuracy, quality and efficiency.

[0087] Data collection and analysis: The system can collect data during the operation, such as tillage depth, vehicle speed, and furrow length, and provide decision support for agricultural production through data analysis.

[0088] The farming principle of the machine of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, Figure 15In the figure, A represents the non-sowing belt of drought-tolerant alkali wheat, B represents the straw returning belt; C represents the belt without straw returning,

[0089] As Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, the tillage principle of the implement in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: After the straw of the harvested corn is crushed, a ridging machine is used to concentrate it in the non-sowing belt of drought-tolerant alkali wheat, and a rotary tiller is used to perform shallow rotary tillage on the land to form a straw returning belt; Drought-tolerant alkali wheat is sown on the belt without straw returning. After the drought-tolerant alkali wheat is harvested, summer corn is sown on the straw returning belt of the previous crop, forming an alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw returning belts. After the drought-tolerant alkali wheat sowing belt is rotary tilled by the deep rotary tillage blade 73, the straw returning belt is rotary tilled by the shallow rotary tillage blade 72, and then the drought-tolerant alkali wheat sowing belt is sown through the seeder 11, and finally the sown land is compacted through the compaction assembly 10.

[0090] The present invention also provides a deep mixing and rotary tillage method for straw ridging belts in droughty saline-alkali land, using the above-mentioned deep mixing and rotary tillage implement for straw ridging belts in droughty saline-alkali land. This method includes the following steps:

[0091] Step S1, straw ridging treatment

[0092] The straw after corn harvest is crushed and concentrated into the non-sowing belt of drought-tolerant alkali wheat by the straw raking device, and the rotary tillage assembly is used to perform shallow rotary tillage on the land to form a straw returning belt;

[0093] Step S2, rotary tillage operation

[0094] The drought-tolerant alkali wheat sowing belt is deeply rotary tilled by the rotary tillage assembly to break the plow sole and increase the tillage layer thickness; the straw returning belt is shallowly rotary tilled by the rotary tillage assembly to fully mix the straw with the soil;

[0095] Step S3, fertilization operation

[0096] The release of fertilizer is controlled by the fertilization assembly 5, and the fertilizer is evenly dispersed on the ground. According to the real-time forward speed of the deep mixing and rotary tillage implement obtained by Beidou navigation, the rotation speed of the electronic control fertilizer distributor is controlled and adjusted to achieve adaptive variable-rate fertilization;

[0097] Step S4, sowing operation

[0098] The seeds are sown in the deeply tilled sowing belt through the sowing assembly 9;

[0099] Step S5, compaction operation

[0100] After sowing, the compaction assembly 10 is used to level the land, and the sown land is compacted by the compaction roller 104 to ensure good contact between the soil and the seeds.

[0101] Step S6, crop rotation production

[0102] After the drought-tolerant alkali wheat is harvested, summer maize is sown on the straw returning belt of the previous crop, forming an alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw returning belts.

[0103] In the above method, the intelligent control system automatically monitors environmental parameters such as soil humidity and salt content, and adjusts the fertilization amount, rotary tillage depth, and sowing density according to the real-time monitoring data to achieve precision agriculture.

[0104] In the above method, the deep rotary tillage depth in the rotary tillage operation is at least 380 mm, and the shallow rotary tillage depth is 180 mm;

[0105] In the above method, the sowing operation adopts the strip sowing technology, and the width of the sowing strip is 600 mm.

[0106] In the above method, in the rotation production, the sowing belts of drought-tolerant alkali wheat and the straw returning belts are alternately distributed to achieve strip rotation production.

[0107] Through the above steps, efficient cultivation of drought-saline land can be achieved, the yield and quality of crops can be improved, and at the same time, the saline-alkali land can be improved and the ecological environment can be protected. This set of cultivation methods combines multiple agricultural technologies such as deep tillage, strip sowing, and straw returning, aiming to achieve the modernization of agricultural production and the sustainability of the environment.

[0108] The drought-saline land straw row-forming belt deep mixing rotary tillage machine and method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, compared with the prior art, at least disclose the following beneficial effects:

[0109] In terms of deep tillage of the land, deep tillage usually refers to turning over the soil deeply to improve the soil structure and increase the air permeability of the soil. The following are the possible benefits of the embodiments of the present invention in deep tillage:

[0110] (1) Improve soil structure: Deep tillage can break the hard layer in the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, and thus contribute to the growth and development of plant roots;

[0111] (2) Increase air permeability: By turning over the soil deeply, the ventilation conditions of the soil can be improved, which is helpful for the respiration of plant roots;

[0112] (3) Improve soil fertility: Deep tillage can mix the organic matter and minerals on the soil surface into the deep soil, which helps to improve the soil fertility;

[0113] (4) Promote water infiltration: Improving the soil structure can increase the water retention capacity of the soil and at the same time promote the uniform distribution of water in the soil;

[0114] (5) Reduce pests and diseases: Through deep tillage, the pests and diseases on the soil surface can be turned into the deep layer, reducing the damage of pests and diseases to crops;

[0115] (6) Improve crop yields: Through the above-mentioned improvements in multiple aspects, deep plowing helps to increase the yields and quality of crops;

[0116] (7) Promote the development of crop roots: The deep turning of the soil can prompt the crop roots to grow downward to seek more water and nutrients;

[0117] (8) Facilitate crop rotation and soil health: Deep plowing helps to improve soil health and provides a good soil environment for crop rotation.

[0118] In strip seeding, strip seeding is an agricultural planting technique. It generally refers to sowing crop seeds in the field at specific intervals and arrangements during sowing. This technique can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0119] (1) Improve land utilization rate: Strip seeding can make more effective use of land resources. By reasonably planning the planting intervals of crops, the number of crops per unit area can be increased;

[0120] (2) Improve ventilation and light transmission conditions: Keeping a certain distance between crops can reduce mutual shading, improve the ventilation and light transmission in the field, and is conducive to the growth of crops and the progress of photosynthesis;

[0121] (3) Reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases: Reasonable planting intervals help to reduce the spread of pests and diseases because pests and diseases are more likely to spread among dense crops;

[0122] (4) Facilitate field management: Strip seeding makes field management more convenient. For example, tasks such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest control can be carried out more precisely;

[0123] (5) Increase crop yields and quality: By improving the growth environment of crops and field management, strip seeding helps to increase crop yields and quality;

[0124] (6) Conserve water resources: A reasonable planting pattern can reduce water waste and improve water utilization efficiency, especially in arid regions, which is particularly important;

[0125] (7) Adapt to mechanized operations: The strip seeding pattern is suitable for modern agricultural mechanized operations and can improve the efficiency of operations such as sowing and harvesting;

[0126] (8) Promote the development of crop roots: Appropriate planting intervals help to expand crop roots, thereby improving the crop's ability to absorb soil nutrients and water.

[0127] The details not elaborated in the present invention are all conventional technical means well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0128] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0129] The embodiments described above are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine for arid alkaline land, characterized in that: The machine comprises a frame assembly, on which a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly (5), a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly (9), a suppression assembly (10) and a power assembly (3) are arranged; the rotary tillage assembly comprises a first rotary tillage assembly (7) and a second rotary tillage assembly (8) which are arranged at intervals in front and behind, the first rotary tillage assembly (7) and the second rotary tillage assembly (8) both comprising a knife shaft which is transmission-connected to the power assembly (3) and a plurality of rotary tillage blades arranged on the knife shaft; the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly (7) are divided into deep rotary tillage blades (73) and shallow rotary tillage blades (72), the deep rotary tillage blades (73) and the shallow rotary tillage blades (72) being arranged alternately; the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly (8) are all shallow rotary tillage blades (72); The arid-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine performs tillage operations including the following steps: Step S1: Straw return to the field: the harvested corn straw is crushed by a straw rake device and concentrated in the non-sowing belt of dry-alkali wheat, and the land is shallowly rotary-tilled by a first rotary tillage assembly (7) to form a straw return belt; Step S2: rotary tillage operation, performing deep rotary tillage operation on the drought-alkali wheat sowing belt by means of the first rotary tillage assembly (7) to break the plow bottom layer and increase the thickness of the tillage layer; performing shallow rotary tillage operation on the straw return belt by means of the second rotary tillage assembly (8) to fully mix the straw with the soil; Step S3: fertilization operation, including electronically controlled fertilization and variable fertilization; Step S4: sowing operation; Step S5: Suppression operation; Step S6: Crop rotation production: after the dry-alkali wheat is harvested, summer corn is sown on the straw-returning belt of the previous crop, forming an alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw-returning belts.

2. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep rotary tilling blade (73) is arranged at the middle position of the blade shaft, and its tilling width is not less than the width of a sowing belt. The shallow rotary tilling blade (72) is arranged on both sides of the deep rotary tilling blade (73), and the tilling width of the shallow rotary tilling blades (72) on both sides is 1 times or 0.5 times the width of the sowing belt.

3. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of cutter discs are fixedly connected to the circumferential side of the cutter shaft at intervals along the axial direction, and the rotary tiller blade is fixed to the cutter disc by welding a blade guard.

4. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotary tilling knives on two adjacent knife discs form an angle of 150 degrees.

5. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw-raising device comprises a plurality of straw-raising notched circular discs (6) which are adjustably arranged at the front end of a frame. The straw-raising notched circular discs (6) are toothed circular discs, and a sawtooth gap (61) is formed between two adjacent teeth.

6. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw raking device comprises two 400 mm toothed discs arranged at two edge positions and two 300 mm toothed discs arranged at a middle position, and two adjacent straw raking notched discs (6) in the middle are arranged in an outward-facing "X" shape.

7. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suppression assembly (10) comprises two suppression legs (101) connected to the left and right sides of the frame assembly, a suppression cantilever (102) elastically hinged to the lower ends of the suppression legs (101), a suppression shaft (103) connected between the two suppression cantilever arms (102), and two suppression rollers (104) rotatably connected to the suppression shaft (103).

8. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A scraper plate (13) is installed on the rear side of the pressing roller (104); the scraper plate (13) is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller (104) and is used to scrape away accumulated soil on the surface of the pressing roller (104).

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