Landscape modules for plant factories and their usage.

Abstract

This invention discloses a wind-lighting module for plant factories, comprising a mounting frame, a light module, and multiple wind modules. Each light module includes a side-illuminated reflector and a light source. The side-illuminated reflector includes a first reflector, a second reflector, and a third reflector. The first and second reflectors are connected to the left and right sides of the third reflector, and the light source is connected to the lower end of the third reflector. Each wind module includes a wind deflector, blades, and a fan. The wind deflector is located at the lower end of the fan, and the blades are located inside the wind deflector. The blades include at least one set of vertically placed blades and at least one set of inclined blades. This wind-lighting module achieves uniform ventilation in the planting area. When used in conjunction with a side-illuminated lighting module, it combines lighting and ventilation to provide plants with a light energy and ventilation environment suitable for photosynthesis, and has a large market potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant factories, and in particular to a solar-wind module for plant factories and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the airflow and temperature fields inside plant factories are mostly regulated using air conditioning systems, i.e., using an air inlet-outlet circulation method. However, the distribution of air inlets and outlets is often unreasonable, and obstructions from cultivation racks, LED side-illumination lights, and related measuring instruments further contribute to uneven airflow distribution within the plant factory, reducing the intensity of photosynthesis and transpiration in crops. In artificial light plant factories, the location and cross-sectional area of ​​air inlets and outlets significantly affect the internal temperature and airflow distribution. Multi-layered rack structures lead to uneven distribution of water, heat, and air within the plant factory. Additionally, the plant lights generate heat, resulting in uneven water and heat distribution across different spatial structures, thus causing uneven plant growth. Poor localized ventilation can also cause heartburn in plants like lettuce, affecting their quality.

[0003] Traditional ventilation systems employ holistic solutions, failing to adapt to localized or smaller-module ventilation strategies. In most cases, they rely on either horizontal or vertical duct ventilation. Horizontal ventilation can lead to uneven airflow, while vertical duct ventilation, though addressing uniformity, requires extensive ductwork, resulting in a massive engineering undertaking. Furthermore, different plants require varying airflow volumes and frequencies at different growth stages. Applying the same ventilation strategy to all plants at different growth stages in a plant factory is unscientific and hinders refined management, making it impossible to tailor ventilation strategies to individual plant needs. Traditional plant lights, mounted on planting racks, struggle to coordinate airflow and light. Arranged at the top of the planting area and emitting light downwards at a 120-degree angle, some light shines outside the planting area, leading to energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wind-light module for plant factories and a method of using it. This wind-light module combines lighting and ventilation to provide plants with light energy and ventilation environment that matches photosynthesis.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] Firstly, this invention provides a landscape module for plant factories, comprising:

[0007] Mounting rack;

[0008] An optical module is disposed on both sides of the mounting bracket. The optical module includes a side-illuminated reflector and a light source. The side-illuminated reflector includes a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector. The first reflector and the second reflector are connected to the left and right sides of the third reflector. The light source is connected to the lower end of the third reflector.

[0009] The device includes multiple sets of air modules, which are disposed in the middle of the mounting frame. Each set of air modules includes an air guide shroud, blades, and a fan. The air guide shroud is disposed at the lower end of the fan, and the blades are disposed inside the air guide shroud. The blades include at least one set of vertically placed blades and at least one set of inclined blades.

[0010] Furthermore, the front surface of the first reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface.

[0011] The front of the second reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface;

[0012] The front of the third reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the first reflective component is vertically disposed on one side of the third reflective component, and the second reflective component is obliquely disposed on the other side of the third reflective component; the length of the first reflective component in the vertical direction is greater than the projected length of the second reflective component in the vertical direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the horizontal emission angle of the optical module ranges from m = 270° - arctan(Ca / a) to n = 360° - arctan(b / a). sin(180-k)°) / (Cb+b cos(180-k)°), and m is greater than or equal to 260 degrees, n is less than or equal to 335 degrees, where k is the angle between the third reflector and the second reflector, c is the length of the third reflector, a is the length of the first reflector, b is the length of the second reflector, Ca is the distance from the rightmost end of the light source to the first reflector, and Cb is the distance from the leftmost end of the light source to the leftmost end of the second reflector.

[0015] Furthermore, the back surfaces of the first, second, and third reflective components all have an array of rough protrusions; the thermal conductivity of the first, second, and third reflective components is ≥10 W·m. -1 ·k -1 .

[0016] Furthermore, the first reflective component and the third reflective component are detachably connected, the second reflective component and the third reflective component are detachably connected, and the angle between the second reflective component and the third reflective component is adjustable.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of vertically placed blades is greater than or equal to two groups, and the number of inclined blades is greater than or equal to two groups.

[0018] Furthermore, the wind module also includes an angle adjustment component, which is used to adjust the angle of the tilted blades.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned wind and solar module, specifically including:

[0020] During pollination, the blowing angle of the wind module is adjusted to regulate the direction of the wind, thereby shaking the plant and allowing it to complete self-pollination.

[0021] When the fruit is growing, adjust the blowing angle of the wind module to adjust the direction of the wind, thereby shaking the plant so that the fruit can be colored by the light module, or the leaves within 10cm of the fruit can be illuminated by the light module to supplement the fruit with nutrients.

[0022] Furthermore, during pollination, the wind direction of its wind module blows from the center to the edge, or from the edge to the center; during fruit growth, the wind direction of its wind module blows from the center of the fruit to the edge of the fruit, or from the edge of the fruit to the center of the fruit.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] In this invention, the light module achieves precise light distribution and adjusts the light emission angle to maximize light efficiency and ensure uniform light distribution in the planting area. The side-illuminated reflector emits light from the side, providing simultaneous illumination from both sides, avoiding heat stress and plant burns in the center, and enabling control over the light emission angle and the uniformity of the illuminated surface. This light module saves energy and utilizes an integrated reflective heat dissipation device to enhance heat dissipation, resulting in excellent heat dissipation performance.

[0025] In this invention, the wind module reflects vertical wind to a specific angle by installing a specific number of blades at different angles. The vertically placed blades guide the wind hanging down from the upper fan to the lower direction, while the tilted blades guide the wind hanging down from the upper fan to the tilted direction, thus achieving a uniform ventilation effect for the planting area.

[0026] This invention automatically pollinates plants by shaking them with the airflow of a fan, and also provides supplemental lighting to the fruit parts of the plants through the fan's shaking motion. When used in conjunction with a side-illumination lamp module, it combines lighting and ventilation to provide plants with the light energy and ventilation environment that matches their photosynthesis, and has a huge market potential. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wind-solar module for plant factories according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the solar-wind module of the plant factory of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the optical module;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the optical module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is an optical path design diagram of the reflective surface in the optical module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path design parameters of the reflective surface in the optical module of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the optical path of the arc-shaped reflective surface in the optical module of this invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Far-field light distribution of the optical module of this invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the wind module of the present invention from one perspective;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of the wind module of the present invention from another perspective.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 10-Mounting rack;

[0039] 20 - Optical module; 21 - First reflector; 22 - Second reflector; 23 - Third reflector; 24 - Light source;

[0040] 30-Wind module; 31-Air guide cover; 32-Blade; 33-Fan; 321-Vertically placed blade; 322-Inclined blade. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical direction," "up," "down," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides a wind-solar module for a plant factory, comprising: a mounting frame 10, a light module 20, and multiple wind modules 30, wherein the light modules 20 are disposed on both sides of the mounting frame 10, and the multiple wind modules 30 are disposed in the middle of the mounting frame 10.

[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the light module 20 includes a first reflective component 21, a second reflective component 22, and a third reflective component 23. The first reflective component 21 and the second reflective component 22 are connected to the left and right sides of the third reflective component 23, and the light source 24 is connected to the lower end of the third reflective component 23. Specifically, the first reflective component 21 is vertically disposed on one side of the third reflective component 23, and the second reflective component 22 is obliquely disposed on the other side of the third reflective component 23. The vertical length of the first reflective component 21 is greater than the vertical projection length of the second reflective component 22, forming a side-illuminated reflector. With the light source 24 added, this side-illuminated reflector allows light to shine from the first reflective component 21 onto the plane below, achieving side-illuminated illumination.

[0046] In this embodiment, the back surfaces of the first reflective component 21, the second reflective component 22, and the third reflective component 23 all have an array of rough protrusions, which can be formed by laser processing or casting. The thermal conductivity of the first reflective component 21, the second reflective component 22, and the third reflective component 23 is ≥10 W·m. -1 ·k -1 Made of aluminum, it is both reflective and heat-dissipating.

[0047] In this invention, the light source 24 is a surface-mount LED, a ceramic substrate LED, or a simulated lumen LED. The light source 24 is connected to the third reflective component 23 by thermal grease, thermal silicone, or soldering. Specifically, in this embodiment, the light source 24 is a surface-mount LED, which is soldered to the third reflective component 23.

[0048] In this embodiment, the third reflective component 23 is provided with several through holes. The through holes allow hot air to rise, increasing the heat dissipation efficiency of the lamp, improving its heat dissipation capacity, reducing the junction temperature of the lamp chip, and increasing the lifespan of the lamp.

[0049] In this embodiment, during the assembly process, the first reflective component 21 and the third reflective component 23 are connected by plugging and unplugging, the second reflective component 22 and the third reflective component 23 are hinged, and the angle between the second reflective component 22 and the third reflective component 23 can be adjusted.

[0050] In this embodiment, the angle k between the third reflective component 23 and the second reflective component 22 is...

[0051] The length of the first reflective component 21 is a.

[0052] The length of the second reflective component 22 is b.

[0053] The length of the third reflective component 23 is c.

[0054] The distance from the rightmost end of the light source 24 to the first reflective component 21 is Ca.

[0055] The distance from the leftmost end of the light source 24 to the leftmost end of the second reflector 22 is Cb.

[0056] The horizontal emission angle of optical module 20 is in the range of: m = 270° - arctan(Ca / a) to n = 360° - arctan[(b / a)]. sin(180-k)°) / (Cb+b cos(180-k)°).

[0057] In this invention, the front surfaces of the first reflective component 21, the second reflective component 22, and the third reflective component 23 are all one or a combination of several of the following: mirror reflective surface, curved reflective surface, multi-segment curved reflective surface, and freeform reflective surface. When the front surface of the first reflective component 21 or the front surface of the second reflective component 22 is a curved reflective surface, the curved reflective surface only changes the in-plane direction of the LED emitted light, without changing the horizontal direction of the LED emitted light. The curved reflective surface changes the direction of the reflected light by changing its curvature.

[0058] Figure 5 As shown, the light emitted by the LED beads, such as light rays OT i and OT i+1, Some light directly illuminates the target surface; others are reflected off a reflective surface and then incident on the target surface, such as OP. i and OP i+1 That's exactly right.

[0059] The luminous intensity distribution of LEDs follows a Lambertian distribution. When light directly strikes the target surface, the irradiance is high in the area under the LED chip, and relatively low towards the center of the target surface. Therefore, the light reflected by the reflective surface compensates for this uneven irradiance distribution. The area with higher luminous intensity extends from the center to the edge of the target surface, while the area with lower intensity extends to the area under the LED chip. In this way, the light directly incident on the target surface and the light incident through the reflective surface are superimposed, ultimately producing a uniform irradiance distribution on the target surface.

[0060] In this embodiment, the front surface of the first reflective component 21 is an arc-shaped reflective surface, while the front surfaces of the second reflective component 22 and the third reflective component 23 are both mirror-like reflective surfaces. The design method for the reflective surface of the first reflective component 21 includes:

[0061] First, determine the position parameters of the light source 24, the position parameters of the illuminated plane, the boundary parameters, and the light emission angle. Then, calculate the position parameters of the light reflection point on the reflective surface of the first reflective component 21, as well as the vector parameters of the incident and reflected light rays.

[0062] Secondly, based on the data from the previous step and combined with the law of vector reflection, the normal vector of the initial reflection point on the reflective surface of the first reflective component 21 is obtained. The step size of the light emission angle of the illuminated plane is set, and the position of the last reflection point on the reflective surface of the first reflective component 21 is calculated according to the law of reflection. Then, the above steps are repeated to calculate the normal vector of different reflection points and the position of the reflection points in turn, and the calculation ends according to the above boundary conditions. The first reflective surface is generated according to the position of different reflection points and their normal vectors.

[0063] The design process of the arc-shaped reflective surface of the first reflective component 21 is as follows:

[0064] Determine the exit angle of the sampled light incident on the reflective surface;

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, the boundary conditions for the side light strips must be set before calculating the coordinates of the reflective surface. Assuming the horizontal distance from the light strip's emitting point (center of light source 24) to the reflective surface is d, the horizontal distance from the edge of the target surface is D, and the vertical distance is H, then we can obtain:

[0066] (1-1),

[0067] and (1-2), h The vertical height of the reflective surface;

[0068] The angle of light rays incident on the reflective surface θ out for:

[0069] (1-3),

[0070] Its scope is θ s -π / 2, this is the boundary angle condition.

[0071] Since it is known This allows us to obtain the coordinates of the edge points of the reflective surface. P n ( x n ，y n ） ,in x n =d, y n = With the center of the light source as the origin, the light rays emitted from point O of the light source pass through... P n Point reflection reaches T n The point, the incident ray and the outgoing ray vectors are respectively OP n and P n T n According to the law of reflection, in vector form:

[0072] (1-4).

[0073] like Figure 7 Let Out and In be the vectors of the incident and outgoing rays, respectively. This allows us to determine the... P n normal vectorN n ,Pass P n The slope can be expressed as:

[0074] (1-5),

[0075] Light OP n-1 The corresponding launch angle is θ n-1 ,have

[0076] (1-6).

[0077] The secondary reflection point of the first reflecting surface can be obtained by simultaneously solving equations 1-5 and 1-6. P n-1 ( x n-1 ，y n-1 ） By analogy, the following relationship holds between any two adjacent points:

[0078] (1-7)

[0079] (1-8)

[0080] Its iterative relationship is:

[0081] (1-9)

[0082] (1-10).

[0083] Matlab can be used to derive the coordinates of the reflective surface using formulas, and Solidworks modeling software can be used to obtain an STP file, thereby enabling the design of a specific curved reflective surface in 3D software.

[0084] In this invention, the wind module 30 includes an air guide shroud 31, blades 32, an angle adjustment component, and a fan 33. The air guide shroud 31 is disposed at the lower end of the fan 33, and the blades 32 are disposed inside the air guide shroud 31. The blades 32 include at least one set of vertically placed blades 321 and at least one set of vertically placed blades 322. The angle adjustment component is connected to the vertically placed blades 322, and the angle of the vertically placed blades 322 can be adjusted by the angle adjustment component. Specifically, the number of vertically placed blades 321 is greater than or equal to two sets, and the number of vertically placed blades 322 is greater than or equal to two sets.

[0085] In this embodiment, there are four sets of vertically placed blades 321 and two sets of vertically placed blades 322. The angle adjustment component can be implemented by a DC motor. The DC motor is connected to the vertically placed blades 322. When the angle needs to be adjusted, the DC motor is energized to rotate the blades 322. When the angle is appropriate, the power supply is stopped. If reverse adjustment is required, a reverse current is applied to rotate the blades 322 in the opposite direction.

[0086] Instructions for using the above-mentioned wind and solar modules:

[0087] During pollination, the blowing angle of the wind module 30 is adjusted over time, and the wind direction blows from the center to the edge or from the edge to the center, thereby shaking the plant and allowing the plant to complete self-pollination;

[0088] When the fruit is growing, the blowing angle of the wind module 30 is adjusted to adjust the direction of the wind. The wind blows from the center of the fruit to the edge of the fruit, or from the edge of the fruit to the center of the fruit, thereby shaking the plant so that the fruit can be illuminated and colored by the light module 20, or the leaves within 10cm of the fruit can be illuminated by the light module 20 to supplement the fruit with nutrients.

[0089] Case Study:

[0090] The test variety was butter lettuce, and the nutrient solution was a special lettuce formula with the following concentrations: EC: 2.5 ms / cm, and nutrient element ratios: N 10 mmol / L, P 2 mmol / L, K 6 mmol / L, Ca 4 mmol / L, Mg 1 mmol / L, S 3 mmol / L. A special side-emitting plant spectrum was used, with a supplemental lighting duration of 16 hours and a PPFD of 250 μmol / m³. 2 / s; The planting method is modular hydroponics, with 3 treatments designed, each treatment repeated 3 times, and 12 seedlings planted in each treatment.

[0091] Treatment 1: Control: No ventilation

[0092] Treatment 2: The wind speed throughout the entire growth cycle is 0.2-0.4 m / s, the ventilation time is 50 minutes, and ventilation is stopped for 10 minutes.

[0093] Treatment 3: Days 1-5 after transplanting, during the light period, the ventilation speed is 0.01-0.1 m / s, with a ventilation time of 50 minutes followed by a 10-minute ventilation stop. No ventilation is required during the harvest period. Days 6-10 after transplanting, during the light period, the ventilation speed is 0.05-0.15 m / s, with a ventilation time of 55 minutes followed by a 5-minute ventilation stop. Ventilation is stopped during the dark period. Days 11-20 after transplanting, during the light period, the ventilation speed is 0.1-0.3 m / s, with a ventilation time of 55 minutes followed by a 5-minute ventilation stop. During the dark period, the ventilation speed is 0.01-0.1 m / s, with a ventilation time of 50 minutes followed by a 10-minute ventilation stop.

[0094] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097] As shown in Table 1, Treatment 2 increased yield by 11% and water consumption by 16% compared to the control, while preventing lettuce from developing heartburn. Treatment 3 increased yield by 17% and water consumption by 13% compared to the control, while also preventing lettuce from developing heartburn. The results indicate that a refined ventilation management model is beneficial for increasing yield, preventing lettuce from developing heartburn, and reducing water consumption.

[0098] The above description merely illustrates preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and while the description is relatively specific and detailed, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A wind-light module for a plant factory, characterized by: include: Mounting rack; An optical module is disposed on both sides of the mounting bracket. The optical module includes a side-illuminated reflector and a light source. The side-illuminated reflector includes a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector. The first reflector and the second reflector are connected to the left and right sides of the third reflector. The light source is connected to the lower end of the third reflector. The first reflective component is vertically disposed on one side of the third reflective component, and the second reflective component is obliquely disposed on the other side of the third reflective component; the vertical length of the first reflective component is greater than the vertical projection length of the second reflective component. The horizontal exit angle of the light module is in the range of m=270°-arctan(Ca / a) to n=360°-arctan(Cb / b), and m is greater than or equal to 260 degrees and n is less than or equal to 335 degrees, wherein k is the included angle between the third reflective component and the second reflective component, c is the length of the third reflective component, a is the length of the first reflective component, b is the length of the second reflective component, Ca is the distance from the rightmost end of the light source to the first reflective component, and Cb is the distance from the leftmost end of the light source to the leftmost end of the second reflective component. sin(180-k)°)) / (Cb+b cos(180-k)°)]. The device includes multiple sets of air modules, which are disposed in the middle of the mounting frame. Each set of air modules includes an air guide shroud, blades, and a fan. The air guide shroud is disposed at the lower end of the fan, and the blades are disposed inside the air guide shroud. The blades include at least one set of vertically placed blades and at least one set of inclined blades.

2. The solar-wind module for plant factories according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front of the first reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface; The front of the second reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface; The front of the third reflective component is one or a combination of several of the following: a mirror reflective surface, a curved reflective surface, a multi-segment curved reflective surface, and a free-form reflective surface.

3. The solar-wind module for plant factories according to claim 2, characterized in that: The back surface of the first, second and third light-reflecting components each has an array of rough protrusions; the thermal conductivity of the first, second and third light-reflecting components is ≥ 10 w·m -1 ·k -1 .

4. The solar-wind module for a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first reflective component and the third reflective component are detachably connected, the second reflective component and the third reflective component are detachably connected, and the angle between the second reflective component and the third reflective component is adjustable.

5. The solar-wind module for a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of vertically placed blades is greater than or equal to two groups, and the number of tilted blades is greater than or equal to two groups.

6. The solar-wind module for a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind module also includes an angle adjustment component, which is used to adjust the angle of the tilted blades.

7. The method of using the solar-wind module for a plant factory according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: During pollination, the blowing angle of the wind module is adjusted to regulate the direction of the wind, thereby shaking the plant and allowing it to complete self-pollination. When the fruit is growing, adjust the blowing angle of the wind module to adjust the direction of the wind, thereby shaking the plant so that the fruit can be colored by the light module, or the leaves within 10cm of the fruit can be illuminated by the light module to supplement the fruit with nutrients.

8. The method of using the solar-wind module for a plant factory according to claim 7, characterized in that: During pollination, the wind from the wind module blows from the center to the edge, or from the edge to the center. When the fruit is growing, the wind in its wind module blows from the center of the fruit to the edge of the fruit, or from the edge of the fruit to the center of the fruit.

Images