Efficient planting method for section-shaped ginger under rubber forest

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient planting method for cut-section ginger under a rubber forest. The planting method comprises the following steps: ditching and cleaning seeds; treating and selecting rhizomes; deeply ploughing and loosening soil; performing fertilization; topdressing, intertillage and ridging and the like. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the yield of the zingiber officinale roscoe can be remarkably increased, the growth cycle of the zingiber officinale roscoe can be shortened to about 2 years, and the method has important significance on the development of plant industrialization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of understory planting of plants, and in particular to an efficient planting method of truncate ginger under rubber forests. Background Art

[0002] Zingiber neotruncatum is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Zingiber in the Zingiberaceae family. It is commonly known as fragrant ginger. It is mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna and Dehong in Yunnan, as well as foreign regions such as India, Laos and Thailand. It likes to grow in humid forests. Most of the plants in this genus can be eaten or used as medicine. The underground stems of Zingiber neotruncatum have a strong lemongrass aroma and are a rare spice loved by the locals. They are used in cold dishes or pickled meats. There are small quantities of them sold in local markets at high prices. As a new variety discovered in recent years, there is no relevant literature in China reporting the planting method of Zingiber neotruncatum. At present, the germplasm resources of Zingiber neotruncatum are basically still in a wild growth state, and the resources are very scarce. Only a few residents in the tropical Yunnan region plant them in front of and behind their houses as spices for their own use. Other functional uses have not yet been developed.

[0003] Through field research and long-term introduction and trial planting observations, it was found that the breeding and planting management methods of truncate ginger are similar to those of ordinary ginger. Some local residents also use similar truncate planting methods for ordinary ginger to breed truncate ginger, but the growth of truncate ginger is weak and the yield is not high.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable cultivation condition and method for truncate ginger to increase the yield of truncate ginger and shorten its growth cycle. This research is of great significance to the development of the industrialization of this plant. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, the present application provides an efficient planting method of truncate ginger under rubber forests, which can increase its yield, shorten its growth cycle, accelerate the formation of planting scale, and promote the development of the industry.

[0006] The present application provides an efficient planting method of ginger truncate under a rubber forest, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) The planting time is from mid-April to the end of May; choose a mature rubber plantation with high density and a slope of 0° to 15° as the planting site;

[0008] 2) Select branches of rhizomes longer than 3 cm; soak the remaining rhizomes in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 hours, take them out and soak them in seeds, and then dry them in the shade for later use; there should be at least one bud on the branches; the soaking time is 10 minutes;

[0009] 3) In March, weed the planting area and deep-turn the soil to a depth of 30 cm. Dig trenches with a center spacing of 80 cm, a width of 30 cm, and a depth of 20 cm.

[0010] 4) Planting the branched rhizomes obtained in step 2) at a planting distance of 50 cm;

[0011] 5) Spread 40% of controlled-release fertilizer; the composition and ratio of controlled-release fertilizer are: N:P:K=13:9:26; the amount of controlled-release fertilizer is 200kg / 667m 2 ;

[0012] 6) Topdressing: Topdressing should be carried out in early May of the second year after planting, with the remaining 60% of the controlled-release fertilizer applied;

[0013] 7) Intertillage and soil cultivation: In the early growth stage of truncated ginger, weeding should be done once a month, and weeding should be combined with irrigation, fertilization and soil cultivation.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil of the planting site is selected to be sandy loam or loam.

[0015] Furthermore, the rhizomes in 2) are disease-free and insect-free, plump rhizomes selected from the nursery bed one day before sowing.

[0016] Further, in 2), the seeds are soaked with a coating agent or 800 times diluted thiophanate-methyl.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil in 3) should be plowed and air-dried or sprinkled with quicklime for disinfection; the amount of quicklime used is 50kg / mu.

[0018] Furthermore, 4) keep the soil moist during the planting period, specifically: if the soil is dry, water once a day; if it is dry and rainy, water once every 3-5 days; after the seedlings emerge, determine the number of waterings based on the soil conditions and plant growth, and water in the morning and evening during the high temperature period.

[0019] Furthermore, if it rains during the inter-cultivation and soil cultivation in 7), shallow hoeing should be performed once; when the plant height is 40-50cm, soil cultivation should be organized.

[0020] Furthermore, the coating agent in 2) is compounded from oomycete fungicide, fungicide, insecticide and plant growth agent.

[0021] Furthermore, the planting method also includes pest control, harvesting and storage.

[0022] Beneficial Effects

[0023] 1. This application utilizes the shaded areas under the middle-aged and old rubber trees in the Banna area, with a shade degree of more than 75%. At the same time, there are large areas of available land resources in areas above 950m above sea level, which can effectively meet its growth requirements. According to its growth and breeding characteristics, a seedling breeding sand bed can be left to achieve continuous seedling planting without the need for rotation with other crops. At the same time, it solves the problem of rotten ginger seeds due to rainy and humid water accumulation. Through artificial management, the breeding speed of truncated ginger is increased by 2 times on the basis of conventional planting, and the growth cycle can be shortened to about 2 years, with high ecological and economic benefits. The environmental conditions for implementing this technology are relatively extensive, simple to operate, easy for growers to master, and extremely easy to promote and apply.

[0024] 2. The method for planting truncated ginger under rubber forests provided in this application can not only provide growers with a more convenient planting method, but also effectively utilize idle land under rubber forests, increase the economic income of rubber farmers, accelerate the formation of planting scale, and promote the development of the industry.

[0025] 3. The method for planting truncated ginger under rubber forests provided in this application can effectively increase the germination rate of truncated ginger to more than 93%, significantly increasing the growth and yield of the plants.

[0026] 4. The soil of the planting site selected in this application is generally over-acidified and nitrate-rich, and it is not easy to accumulate water. This solves the problem that ginger plants are not tolerant to soil waterlogging and the soil becomes salinized during continuous cropping or intercropping.

[0027] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Exemplary embodiments of the present application are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 These are actual photos of truncated ginger planted at a 30cm spacing under a rubber forest.

[0030] Figure 2 These are actual photos of truncated ginger planted at a 50cm spacing under a rubber forest.

[0031] Figure 3 These are actual photos of truncated ginger planted at a 70cm spacing under a rubber forest.

[0032] Figure 4 This is the first year of planting Ginger truncatum under the forest.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a cross-section of a truncated ginger rhizome.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a real picture of the truncated ginger rhizome.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a picture of the whole plant of truncated ginger.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a map of the planting area under the truncated ginger rubber forest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0038] Through field investigation and introduction test planting, it is preliminarily clear that truncated ginger is suitable for growing in hidden places under the forest and is an ideal economic crop under the forest. The method of planting truncated ginger under rubber forest provided in this application is suitable for the environmental requirements of Banna area, simple to operate, and easy for growers to master. The promotion and application of this technology not only provides a new way to plant truncated ginger under the forest, improves the utilization rate of idle land under the rubber forest, but also accelerates the formation of planting scale and promotes the development of the industry.

[0039] Studies have shown that ginger plants need shade to grow normally under soil water shortage stress; there are large areas of idle land under the forest in the rubber planting area of ​​Banna, with high shade and low soil moisture content, which is just suitable for introducing and cultivating this resource plant. In addition, truncated ginger has a unique breeding method, a long growth cycle and low yield. One method is similar to ordinary ginger, directly from the sprouts of ginger to generate the main stem, which then swells and roots and gradually grows into clusters; the other method is to germinate the root whips similar to bamboo whips from ginger, then grow the main stem, swell and root, and finally grow into clusters. According to this growth characteristic, truncate ginger can be propagated by continuously growing young shoots and axillary buds on the seed ginger. Under natural growth conditions in the wild, it can produce about 15kg of tubers in 3-4 years. Compared with ordinary ginger on the market, it has greater propagation potential. However, the management method of local people when planting is relatively rough. In order to achieve high yield, in the process of introducing and promoting planting, it is particularly important to combine the adaptability of this resource plant and how to effectively utilize the land resources under the forest. It needs to take appropriate artificial management measures to shorten the growth cycle and increase yield.

[0040] During the continuous cropping of ginger, the soil will be enriched with more substances such as nitrate nitrogen and organic phosphorus, which will cause salinization of the land, continuous cropping obstacles, and reduce ginger yields; however, intercropping of ginger crops with other crops can effectively degrade these substances and allow them to be effectively absorbed and utilized. At the same time, since ginger crops are fleshy, swollen storage rhizomes and are not tolerant to soil waterlogging, planting ginger in rainy and humid areas is prone to root rot, slow growth, frequent diseases and other hazards. The soil in the rubber-planting area of ​​Banna is generally over-acidified and nitrate nitrogen is enriched too much, and it is not easy to accumulate water. The introduction and cultivation of truncated ginger can alleviate this situation. At the same time, it can effectively utilize soil components and implement artificial management measures to increase yields and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of ginger crops.

[0041] Although truncate ginger belongs to the ginger family, its growth cycle and value are different from those of ordinary ginger. Field surveys and introduced plantings have found that it takes about three years for truncate ginger to grow to edible state in nature. When eaten, it does not have the spicy and irritating taste of ginger, and is accompanied by a variety of complex aromas. The combined unfamiliarity has led to a relative scarcity of resources; while the artificial fertilization cultivation cycle of ginger is 7-8 months and the yield is considerable. According to incomplete data sources, by 2023, the planting area of ​​ginger in China is about 4 million mu, and the market resources are sufficient. The present application introduces and cultivates truncate ginger under rubber forests, and uses management measures such as auxiliary artificial fertilization. Unlike the multiple fertilization cycles of ginger, sufficient controlled-release fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and fresh oak leaves or mushroom grass are manually cut as supplementary fertilizer, plus topdressing every other year. With the same amount of fertilizer applied as ginger, the growth cycle of truncate ginger is shortened to two years, achieving considerable yields. In addition, since this species has a long growth cycle, the tuber and root growth period is from March to November each year. Combined with the application of controlled-release fertilizer in the first year of this application and the topdressing every other year, the fertilizer fertility can be effectively utilized to promote ginger growth. Combined with its high market price, the economic value and output are effectively increased, providing a basis for the development of the intercropping economy under rubber forests.

[0042] Example 1 Effect of different planting distances on germination rate and yield of truncated ginger

[0043] 1. Cultivation mode and season: digging furrows and planting; planting time is from mid-April to the end of May;

[0044] 2. Site selection: Select a mature rubber plantation with high canopy density, sandy loam or loam with deep soil and good air permeability, and a slope below 15°; it is not suitable to plant crops in plots that have been planted with konjac, Solanaceae (potatoes, peppers, etc.) and cruciferous crops (cabbage, etc.) in the previous period.

[0045] 3. Seed stem selection: One day before sowing, dig out disease- and insect-free, full seed stems from the nursery bed, rinse the soil with clean water, use a scalpel to cut off all branches above 3 cm from the rhizome, try to cut them into sizes of similar size, and ensure that each piece has at least one bud point. Bury the remaining ginger seeds in the sand bed, soak the cut ginger pieces in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 hours, take them out and use coating agent (pyraclostrobin·Methyl-Amine·Carbendazim, PD20211706) (containing oomycete fungicide, fungicide, nematicide, plant growth agent compound) or 800 times diluted thiamethoxam (carbendazim) to soak the seeds for about 10 minutes, take them out and place them in a ventilated and dry place to dry naturally in the shade for later use.

[0046] 4. Land preparation: (1) Deep plowing and loosening the soil. In March, weeds should be removed from the planting area, and the soil should be deep plowed to 30 cm. Stones and weeds should be removed. The soil should be plowed and dried in advance or 50 kg / mu of quicklime should be sprinkled for disinfection to reduce pests and diseases. (2) Trenching. Trenching should be done along the rubber protection belt, avoiding the roots of rubber trees. The trench width should be 30 cm, the depth should be 20 cm, and the distance between the center points of the trench should be 80 cm.

[0047] 5. Follow the cultivation method in step 5. Base fertilizer application plan: first spread a layer of ordinary organic fertilizer at the bottom of the ditch as base fertilizer (200kg / 667m 2 ), then sprinkle a 1-2cm layer of soil and mix well with a hoe.

[0048] The planting spacing is set in three groups: A1: 30cm; A2: 50cm; A3: 70cm, ( Figure 1-Figure 3 ) Each combination treatment was set up with three plots, three treatments, and repeated three times, for a total of 18 plots ( Figure 8 ).

[0049] B0: no fertilizer application;

[0050] B1: Spread 40% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance (N:P:K=13:9:26) compound fertilizer 200kg / 667m 2 And calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 200kg / 667m 2 As a base fertilizer;

[0051] B2: Broadcast 40% of the controlled-release fertilizer (N:P:K=13:9:26, 200kg / 667m 2 );

[0052] 6. Management after planting: If the soil is moist after planting, no watering is needed for the seedlings to emerge. If the soil is dry, water once, but not too much. If it is dry and rainy, water once every 3-5 days. After the seedlings emerge, water them in time according to the soil conditions and the appearance of the plants. Watering in the morning and evening is recommended during the high temperature period.

[0053] 7. Apply fertilizer in stages: Truncate ginger is fertilizer-tolerant, so use enough base fertilizer. In the later stage, 2 to 3 topdressings are needed, and the amount of fertilizer generally ranges from light to heavy. In the first year, after the ginger seeds are planted, apply green manure, usually fresh oak leaves or mushroom grass are cut and covered on the ridges;

[0054] C0: no topdressing;

[0055] C1: Topdressing twice; the first topdressing is done in early July of the second year after planting, which is called germination fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer. Supplementary fertilizer: In the middle and late August of the second year, when the rhizomes are vigorous, promote tuber expansion and prevent premature aging, apply supplementary fertilizer once, and apply the remaining 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer.

[0056] C2: Topdressing once; in early May of the second year after planting, apply the remaining 60% of the controlled-release fertilizer; cover the soil with about 5 cm when topdressing;

[0057] 8. Intertillage and soil cultivation: In the early growth stage of truncated ginger, weeding is required once a month, and it is often combined with irrigation, fertilization and soil cultivation. If it rains, shallow hoeing is required. When the plant is 40-50cm tall, soil cultivation is required to prevent the ginger pieces from being exposed. The management method in the second year of planting is the same as the first year.

[0058] 9. Disease and pest control: mainly ginger rot, spot disease and anthracnose.

[0059] Ginger rot is mainly caused by excessive rain. For plots that have been infected with ginger blight, soil disinfectants should be used for treatment. During the growth period of truncated ginger, soil disinfectants should be used for field irrigation once every 20 days per mu. The method is to dilute the agent into liquid and irrigate the base of the ginger plant. Once diseased plants appear in the field, the soil around the diseased plants should be completely cleared, and holes should be filled with the agent, and the nearby soil should be disinfected with fresh lime.

[0060] To prevent and control ginger blight, use 78% ginger blasting 300-500 times dilution or 20% copper thiamethoxam suspension 600 times dilution at the seedling stage, spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row;

[0061] Leaf blight control: In the early stage of the disease, spray ginger plants with 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 16g / mu, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row;

[0062] Anthracnose control should be carried out by spraying antiviral foliar fertilizer regularly, once every 10-15 days, for 3-4 times in a row, to improve the plant's disease resistance and make the plant grow strong but not vigorous, and grow steadily;

[0063] In the early stage of anthrax, you can choose to spray:

[0064] (1) 600-750 times dilution of 80% anthrax fumei wettable powder;

[0065] (2) 1500 times dilution of 30% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension;

[0066] (3) 500 times dilution of 50% mancozeb wettable powder; spray once every 15 days for 3-4 times;

[0067] To control the ginger borer pest, you can spray 3000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules, 1500 times diluted 3.2% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000 times diluted 10% Wangxing emulsifiable concentrate. Spray once every 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0068] 10. Harvesting and storage: Ginger can be harvested in three types: seed ginger, young ginger, and old ginger. Clear the dead branches on the ground before digging. (1) Seed ginger: When the new seedlings grow to 40-50cm and have 6-7 leaves after planting, the new ginger is mature and can be harvested at this time. When harvesting, use a small shovel to dig a hole and hold the ginger plant to prevent it from shaking. Dig as little soil as possible. After harvesting, backfill the soil and compact it. (2) Young ginger: The best harvest period for fresh ginger is in late August of the first year after planting and the second year after planting. Figure 4 (3) Old ginger, truncated ginger has a growth cycle of about 2 years. If you want to harvest old ginger efficiently, harvest it in late November of the second or third year after planting, when the stems and leaves of the plant turn yellow or naturally fall over. It is best to harvest on a sunny day, water once, moisten the soil and loosen the soil. When harvesting, pull out or dig out the whole ginger plant, shake off the soil, cut off the excess stems and leaves, leave 2 to 3 cm of residual stems, cut off the roots, dry them in the sun and store them with the ginger.

[0069] Result statistics: Sampling was carried out during the tree-starting stage (mid-August of the second year), the rhizome expansion stage (late September of the second year), and the harvest stage (mid-October of the second year). Three plants were randomly selected from each treatment area, and the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of roots, stems, and leaves of the ginger samples were measured.

[0070] Plant height: After digging out the whole ginger plant, washing and drying it, determine that the part above the junction of the tuber swell and the stem is the stem part. Use a tape measure to measure the part from the stem to the first embryo at the highest point and calculate it as the plant height.

[0071] Stem diameter: Take 1 cm above the junction of the truncated ginger tuber and the stem as the measurement base point, and use a vernier caliper to clamp the stem to measure the stem diameter.

[0072] Fresh weight of roots, stems, leaves and rhizomes: Dig out the whole plant of ginger, clean the plant with clean water, dry it, and cut the tubers and stems at the junction of tuber swelling and stem contraction. Then cut the leaves from the petiole and weigh the leaves. Finally, cut the fibrous roots on the ginger tuber and measure. Figure 5-Figure 7 This is a real picture of truncated ginger.

[0073] The average value of 3 plants was taken as the measured value of each treatment plot. At harvest, 10 plants were selected from each treatment plot to measure their single plant biological yield and single plant economic yield, and the average value was taken as the measured value of each treatment plot. The germination rate was based on the number of germinations planted in each plot.

[0074] Table 1 Effects of different planting spacing and fertilization treatments on the germination rate of truncated ginger

[0075] Treatment Group Ginger germination rate (%) A1B0C0 84.80 A1B1C1 85.68 A1B2C2 86.64 A2B0C0 84.57 A2B1C1 86.54 A2B2C2 88.65 A3B0C0 88.47 A3B1C1 92.54 A3B2C2 95.87

[0076] It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with the treatment without basal fertilizer application, the planting spacing with sufficient basal fertilizer application can affect the germination rate of truncate ginger seeds, among which the germination rate is higher when the planting spacing is 50cm and 70cm, but the difference between different measures is not significant; in summary, the application of fertilizer and planting spacing have a lower impact on the germination rate of ginger seeds. If the germination rate needs to be improved, it is also necessary to focus on the selection of ginger seeds and reduce damage and control pests and diseases.

[0077] Table 2 Effects of different planting spacing and fertilization treatments on the growth of truncated ginger

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from Table 2, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the growth of various organs of truncated ginger plants between different treatments. In the growth stage of truncated ginger, there is no significant difference in the fresh weight of roots, stems, leaves, and rhizomes between the A1, A2, and A3 treatments. In the rhizome expansion period of ginger growth, the fresh weight of roots, stems, leaves, and rhizomes under the A2 and A3 treatments are higher than those under the A1 treatment, but there is no significant difference between the A2 and A3 treatments. In the harvest period of growth, the fresh weight of roots, stems, leaves, and rhizomes under the A3 treatment are significantly higher than those under the A1 and A2 treatments. In general, with the increase in the amount of base fertilizer applied and the increase in the growth spacing, the growth of various organs of truncated ginger plants shows an increasing trend. The truncated ginger under-forest cultivation method of the present invention can effectively improve the growth and yield of plants; it can be clearly concluded that the growth of truncated ginger with a planting spacing of 50cm and 70cm combined with B1, C1 ordinary fertilizer treatments and B2C2 controlled-release fertilizer treatments is higher. Table 3 is obtained by analyzing the data in Table 2.

[0080] Table 3 Statistical analysis of the growth of truncated ginger under different treatments

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Note: There are significant differences between the same row with different letters (p<0.05), the same below.

[0084] It can be seen from Table 2 that different planting spacings and fertilization treatments significantly affect the yield of truncated ginger. The statistical analysis data in Table 3 show that compared with the control group B0C0 treatment, the yield of truncated ginger is gradually increasing with the increase in the amount of base fertilizer and the increase in planting spacing; however, due to the increase in spacing, the number of truncated ginger plants planted per unit area decreases. Under the A3 planting spacing, although the single plant yield is high, it cannot make up for the disadvantage in quantity; therefore, it can be clearly concluded that the 50 cm planting spacing and the method of combined application of controlled-release fertilizer base fertilizer and topdressing adopted in this application can effectively increase the yield of ginger under rubber forests.

[0085] Table 4 Effects of different cultivation and fertilization treatments on the yield of truncated ginger

[0086]

[0087] Table 5 is obtained by analyzing the data in Table 4.

[0088] Table 5 Statistical analysis of truncation ginger yield under different treatments

[0089]

[0090] Example 2 Effects of different base fertilizer and topdressing management methods on germination rate and growth of truncated ginger

[0091] Test plan: In the planting step 5, the plant spacing is determined to be A2: 50cm; before applying the base fertilizer, a layer of humic acid organic fertilizer is sprinkled on the bottom of the ditch as a base fertilizer (200kg / 667m 2 ), then spread a 1-2cm layer of soil and mix well with a hoe. B0: no fertilizer; B1: spread 40% of the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced (N: P: K = 13: 9: 26) compound fertilizer 200kg / 667m 2 And calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 200kg / 667m 2 As a base fertilizer, cover with soil; B2: Broadcast 40% of the amount of controlled-release fertilizer (N:P:K=13:9:26, 200kg / 667m 2 ) as a base fertilizer and cover with soil;

[0092] The topdressing plan in step 7: In the first year, after the ginger seeds are planted, green manure is applied. Generally, fresh oak leaves or mushroom grass are cut and covered on the ridges; C0: No topdressing; C1: Topdressing three times. The first topdressing (seedling-raising fertilizer) should be applied when the seedlings are 50 cm tall, and 10% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are applied; the second topdressing is carried out in early July of the second year after planting, which is called tree-growing fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is increased by 35% to 50% compared with the first time, and nitrogen fertilizer is still the main fertilizer, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer. Supplementary fertilizer: In the middle and late August of the second year, the rhizomes are vigorous, and the tubers are enlarged to prevent premature aging. Supplementary fertilizer is applied once, and the remaining 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer are applied. C2: Topdressing twice. In early May of the second year after planting, topdressing is carried out, which is called tree-growing fertilizer. The remaining 60% of the controlled-release fertilizer is applied. In mid-to-late August of the second year, supplementary fertilizer is applied once, with 0.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted with 25kg of water for spraying. Cover the soil with about 5cm each time for topdressing; other management measures are the same as above; statistical data method is the same as above.

[0093] Results Statistics:

[0094] Table 6 Effects of different planting spacing and fertilization treatments on the germination rate of truncated ginger

[0095] Treatment Group Germination rate (%) A2B0C0 85.85 A2B1C1 92.54 A2B2C2 93.57

[0096] From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that the germination rate of ginger seeds can be effectively improved by selecting the appropriate planting spacing A2 (50 cm) and applying humic acid organic fertilizer, sufficient ordinary fertilizer or controlled-release fertilizer as base fertilizer.

[0097] Table 7 Effect of different planting spacing and fertilization treatments on the growth of truncated ginger in Example 2

[0098]

[0099] Table 8 can be obtained by analyzing Table 7. When the planting spacing is 50 cm and humic acid organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, the plant height, root, stem, leaf and tuber fresh weight of truncate ginger change with the change of different fertilizer dosages. In the three growth periods of truncate ginger, treatments B1C1 and B2C2 are significantly higher than the control treatment B0C0, and the yield is significantly improved. Therefore, it can be clearly concluded that the truncate ginger forest cultivation method of the present invention is adopted, the planting spacing is 50 cm, B2C2 humic acid and controlled-release fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and then controlled-release fertilizer and spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as topdressing can effectively increase plant growth and yield.

[0100] Table 8 Statistical analysis of the growth of truncated ginger under different treatments

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Table 9 Effect of different cultivation and fertilization treatments on truncated ginger yield in Example 2

[0104]

[0105] From Table 9, Table 10 can be analyzed. When the planting spacing of 50 cm is selected and humic acid organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, the yield of truncated ginger is significantly improved. Compared with the control group B0 and C0 where only humic acid base fertilizer is applied, the yield of B1, C1 and B2, C2 where compound fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer are applied significantly increases. At the same time, there are significant differences between different non-fertilization and topdressing treatments. Therefore, it can be clearly concluded that the 50 cm planting spacing and the method of applying humic acid, controlled-release fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer adopted in this application can effectively increase the yield of ginger under rubber forests.

[0106] Table 10 Statistical analysis of different treatments on truncation ginger yield

[0107]

[0108] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An efficient planting method for truncate ginger under rubber forests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) The planting time is from mid-April to the end of May; choose a mature rubber plantation with high density and a slope of 0° to 15° as the planting site; 2) Select branches of rhizomes longer than 3 cm; soak the remaining rhizomes in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 hours, take them out and soak them in seeds, and then dry them in the shade for later use; there should be at least one bud on the branches; and the soaking time is 10 minutes; 3) In March, weeds were removed from the planting area, the soil of the planting area was deep-turned and loosened by 30 cm, and trenches were dug; the distance between the center points of the trenches was 80 cm; the width of the trenches was 30 cm and the depth was 20 cm; 4) Planting the branched rhizomes obtained in step 2) at a planting distance of 50 cm; 5) Broadcast 40% controlled-release fertilizer; the composition and ratio of the controlled-release fertilizer are: N:P:K=13:9:26; the dosage of the controlled-release fertilizer is 200kg / 667m 2 ; 6) Topdressing: Topdressing should be carried out in early May of the second year after planting, with the remaining 60% of the controlled-release fertilizer applied; 7) Intertillage and soil cultivation: In the early growth period of truncate ginger, weeding should be done once a month; the weeding should be combined with irrigation, fertilization and soil cultivation.

2. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil of the planting site is selected from sandy loam or loam.

3. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rhizomes in 2) are those that are free of pests and diseases and are full and are selected from the nursery bed one day before sowing.

4. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the seeds are soaked with a coating agent or 800 times dilution of thiophanate-methyl.

5. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil in 3) should be ploughed and air-dried or sprinkled with quicklime for disinfection; the amount of quicklime used is 50kg / mu.

6. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 4), the soil is kept moist during the planting period. The specific operation is: if the soil is dry, water it once a day; if it is dry and rainy, water it every 3-5 days; after the seedlings emerge, the number of waterings is determined according to the soil conditions and the growth of the plants, and watering is carried out in the morning and evening during the high temperature period.

7. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If it rains during the inter-cultivation and soil cultivation in 7), shallow hoeing should be performed once; when the plant height is 40-50cm, soil cultivation should be carried out.

8. The efficient planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coating agent is prepared by compounding an oomycete fungicide, a fungicide, an insecticide and a plant growth agent.

9. The efficient planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method also includes disease and insect pest control, harvesting and storage.

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