A potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable film

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of potato cultivation method based on full biodegradable film applied in the field of agricultural production, the present application can guide the potato stem to the outside of full biodegradable film in the way of natural growth by the setting of guide pipe, avoid the process of breaking film and guiding seedling, ensure the completeness of full biodegradable film, have the following benefits, the complete full biological film can play the role of full coverage to ridge surface, prevent the growth of weeds on ridge surface, provide a good growth environment for potato, improve the production capacity, reduce the evaporation of water, improve the utilization rate of water resources, save the planting cost, improve the regulation effect of ground temperature, make the soil temperature under full biodegradable film stable, conducive to the growth of potato, improve the yield of potato, avoid the decomposition uneven situation caused by damage of full biodegradable film, improve the effect of full biodegradable film, make full biodegradable film can better play the role.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a potato cultivation method, and more particularly to a potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable film applied in the field of agricultural production. Background Technology

[0002] A fully biodegradable film is a material that can be completely degraded into harmless substances in the natural environment. It is made of natural polymers or biodegradable synthetic materials and can be gradually decomposed into water, carbon dioxide and organic matter under the action of microorganisms, with no residual toxicity. Chinese patent application number CN115918478A discloses a mechanized integrated cultivation method for potatoes covered with fully biodegradable mulch film. After the potatoes are planted, a biodegradable film is covered on a single ridge, and the film is broken to allow the seedlings to grow.

[0003] Damage to fully biodegradable films can lead to the following consequences: 1. Reduced weed control: The holes in the film provide weeds with space and light, causing them to grow around the holes and affecting potato growth. 2. Increased water evaporation: The holes may cause soil moisture to evaporate more easily, especially in dry or high-temperature environments. This reduces soil moisture reserves, requiring more water input and is detrimental to potato growth. 3. Weakened soil temperature regulation: Mulching films are typically used to increase soil temperature and promote early potato seedling growth, but the holes after the film is damaged can cause unstable soil temperature control under the film, affecting potato growth. 4. Uneven degradation rate may affect soil structure: If the damaged areas of the biodegradable film degrade first, the overall degradation of the film will be uneven, potentially causing localized accumulation of film fragments in the soil, affecting soil aeration and structure. The disadvantages caused by seedlings being introduced due to film damage require different treatments, increasing production costs and reducing potato yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention in view of the above-mentioned prior art is that the damage to the fully biodegradable membrane caused by the breaking of the membrane during seedling introduction can lead to uneven degradation of the fully biodegradable membrane and an increase in the amount of water added.

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Site Selection: Select a site as a potato green food production base;

[0007] S2. Variety selection: Select potato varieties;

[0008] S3. Seed potato treatment: Select small whole potatoes weighing 30g-50g as seed potatoes, and seed potatoes weighing more than 50g as cutting potatoes. Before cutting potatoes, in order to prevent the spread of disease by the cutting knife, prepare two cutting knives and soak the cutting knives in 75% alcohol or 5% potassium permanganate. During the cutting process, use the two knives alternately to ensure that one knife cuts one potato.

[0009] S4. Sprouting: Before planting, the seed potatoes are sprouted to break dormancy;

[0010] S5. Land preparation: After the previous crop is harvested, plow, harrow and cover the field for 20-30 days. 2-3 days before sowing, prepare the land carefully. The tillage layer should be 25-30cm deep.

[0011] S6. Fertilization: Apply 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1 kg of microbial inoculant per mu (unit of land area).

[0012] S7. Ridging: Ridge spacing 40-80cm, ridge width 85-90cm, dig pits on the ridges, pit spacing 28cm;

[0013] S8. Sowing: When sowing, place the seed potatoes in the pit with the buds facing upwards. The planting density is 3,500 plants per acre.

[0014] S9. Pre-mulching treatment: Insert the guide tube into the pit and cover the outside of the seed potato, then lay the drip irrigation tape on the ridge.

[0015] S10. Covering: Use a fully biodegradable membrane for covering. When covering, leave one end of the guide tube exposed to the outside of the fully biodegradable membrane, and compact the soil on both sides of the fully biodegradable membrane.

[0016] S11. Emergence: Potato seedlings grow outward along the guide tube;

[0017] S13. Topdressing: When the seedlings reach 75% emergence, apply the first topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 kg microbial fertilizer per mu. Apply the second topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 kg mineral potassium humate and 1 kg organic water-soluble fertilizer per mu.

[0018] S14. Pest and disease control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of prevention first, integrated management and unified prevention and control, select pest and disease control measures and supplement them with biological pesticide control measures.

[0019] S15. Harvesting: Harvest when 80% of the plant's leaves turn yellow. After harvesting, promptly remove any damaged tubers and avoid rain and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.

[0020] S16. Storage and Transportation: Store harvested potatoes in a well-ventilated, dry indoor environment, cover the surface with a breathable but opaque covering, and regularly inspect and remove diseased and rotten potatoes.

[0021] S17. Establish production records: Record and preserve the production environment conditions, production technology, occurrence and control of pests and diseases, harvesting and post-harvest treatment.

[0022] As a further improvement of this application, the guide tube is made of an opaque material and is set in a Z-shape with the corner of the guide tube being less than or equal to 90 degrees. By utilizing the phototropism of potato seedlings, the potato seedlings are guided to grow to the outside of the guide tube.

[0023] As a further improvement of this application, the guide tube inserted into the soil is hollow and made of thermally conductive material, while the guide tube protruding from the soil is made of non-thermally conductive material, and a heat-conducting pipe is connected between the hollow parts of multiple guide tubes.

[0024] As a further improvement of this application, when the soil temperature exceeds the suitable growth temperature for potatoes and there is a risk of reduced yield, liquid can be circulated into the guide tube through the temperature conduction pipe. The liquid can increase or decrease the soil temperature, providing better temperature conditions for potato growth and reducing losses caused by temperature.

[0025] As another improvement of this application, the method of cutting potatoes in step S3 also includes: placing the seed potato with the apical bud facing upward on the table, and according to the distribution of buds on the potato piece, retaining 2-3 buds on each piece from the bottom, making a longitudinal cut near the buds, rotating upward in sequence until all pieces are cut, with each piece weighing 20g-30g, and disinfecting the cut pieces by mixing wood ash that has been burned and cooled on the same day with carbendazim into a paste, or by applying lime to the cut pieces for disinfection, and then drying them for 2-3 days.

[0026] As a further improvement to this application, the sprouting method in step S4 is as follows: natural sprouting, select seed potatoes free from diseases and pests, place them in a well-ventilated, cool, rain-proof room with diffused light, soak them in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes, pile them up for sprouting, cover the seed potatoes with straw to prevent the solution from evaporating, and remove the covering after 5-7 days. The seed potatoes should have 2-3 sprouts, with the sprouts being 1-2 cm long.

[0027] As another improvement of this application, the 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 consists of 300 kg of chicken or sheep manure and 500 kg of pig or cow manure.

[0028] As another improvement to this application, the pest and disease control measures in step S14 include:

[0029] Agricultural control: Select disease-resistant superior varieties and virus-free seed potatoes according to local conditions, make reasonable layout, implement crop rotation, strengthen inter-row cultivation and weeding, clean up fields, and reduce the number of sources of disease and pests;

[0030] Physical control: Use yellow sticky traps to kill aphids and install frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps to attract and kill insects;

[0031] Biological control: Protect and utilize natural enemies, create environmental conditions conducive to their survival, select pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies, and install pheromone traps to kill pests.

[0032] In summary, this invention, through the design of the guide tube, allows potato stems to grow naturally outside the fully biodegradable membrane, avoiding the need for membrane breaking and seedling introduction, thus ensuring the integrity of the fully biodegradable membrane. This invention offers the following advantages:

[0033] 1. A complete biofilm can fully cover the ridge surface, preventing weeds from growing on the ridge surface, providing a good growing environment for potatoes, and improving yield.

[0034] 2. It reduces water evaporation, improves water resource utilization, and saves planting costs.

[0035] 3. It improves the soil temperature regulation effect, stabilizes the soil temperature under the fully biodegradable film, and is beneficial to potato growth.

[0036] 4. It avoids uneven decomposition caused by damage to the fully biodegradable membrane, thus improving the effectiveness of the fully biodegradable membrane. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 The flowcharts are for the cultivation methods in the first and second embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 These are side cross-sectional views of the guide tube in the first and second embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the connection structure of multiple temperature-conducting tubes in the first embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a top cross-sectional view of the temperature-conducting pipe in the first embodiment of this application.

[0041] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0042] 1. Fully biodegradable membrane; 2. Guiding tube; 3. Temperature conducting tube. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The two embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] First implementation method:

[0045] Figures 1-4 This paper presents a potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable film, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Site Selection: Select a suitable site as the potato green food production base. The potato green food production base should be located in an area with a good ecological environment, free from pollution sources, far away from industrial and mining areas and highways and railways, and avoid pollution sources. An effective buffer zone or physical barrier should be set up between the potato green food production base and the conventional production area to prevent the green food production base from being polluted. The base should be guaranteed to have sustainable production capacity and not cause pollution to the environment or other surrounding organisms.

[0047] S2. Variety selection: Select potato varieties that are of high quality, high yield, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, and good marketability.

[0048] S3. Seed potato treatment: Select small whole potatoes weighing 30g-50g as seed potatoes, and seed potatoes weighing more than 50g as cutting potatoes. Before cutting potatoes, in order to prevent the spread of disease by the cutting knife, prepare two cutting knives and soak the cutting knives in 75% alcohol or 5% potassium permanganate. During the cutting process, use the two knives alternately to ensure that one knife cuts one potato.

[0049] S4. Sprouting: Sprouting the seed potatoes before planting is generally done 10-20 days before planting to break dormancy.

[0050] S5. Land preparation: After the previous crop is harvested, plow and harrow the land in time and cover it for 20-30 days. 2-3 days before sowing, prepare the land carefully. The land preparation requires a tillage layer depth of 25-30cm, and the land should be finely plowed and harrowed, with a flat surface. Drainage and irrigation ditches should be properly arranged to improve the ability to prevent flooding and drought.

[0051] S6. Fertilization: Apply 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1 kg of microbial inoculant per mu (unit of land area).

[0052] S7. Ridging: Ridge spacing 40-80cm, ridge width 85-90cm, dig pits on the ridges, pit spacing 28cm;

[0053] S8. Sowing: When sowing, place the seed potatoes in the pit with the buds facing upwards. The planting density is 3,500 plants per acre.

[0054] S9. Pre-mulching treatment: Insert the guide tube 1 into the soil and cover the outside of the seed potato, then lay the drip irrigation tape on the ridge.

[0055] S10. Covering: Use fully biodegradable membrane 2 for covering. When covering, let one end of the guide tube 1 protrude to the outside of the fully biodegradable membrane 2, and compact the soil on both sides of the fully biodegradable membrane 2.

[0056] S11. Emergence: Potato seedlings grow outward along the guide tube 1;

[0057] S13. Topdressing: When the seedlings reach 75% emergence, apply the first topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 kg microbial fertilizer per mu. Apply the second topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 kg mineral potassium humate and 1 kg organic water-soluble fertilizer per mu.

[0058] S14. Pest and disease control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of prevention first, integrated management and unified prevention and control, select pest and disease control measures and supplement them with biological pesticide control measures.

[0059] S15. Harvest when 80% of the leaves of the plant turn yellow. After harvesting, promptly remove any damaged tubers and avoid rain and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.

[0060] S16. Storage and Transportation: Store harvested potatoes in a well-ventilated, dry indoor environment, cover the surface with a breathable but opaque covering, and regularly inspect and remove diseased and rotten potatoes.

[0061] S17. Establish production records: Record in detail the production environment conditions, production technology, occurrence and control of pests and diseases, harvesting and post-harvest treatment, and keep the records.

[0062] The guide tube 1 is made of opaque material and is designed in a Z-shape, with the corners of the guide tube 1 being less than or equal to 90 degrees. Utilizing the phototropism of potato seedlings, it guides the potato seedlings to grow to the outside of the guide tube 1. The guide tube 1 inserted into the soil is hollow and made of heat-conducting material, while the guide tube 1 protruding from the soil is made of non-heat-conducting material. The hollow parts of multiple guide tubes 1 are connected by a temperature-conducting pipe 3. When the soil temperature exceeds the suitable growth temperature for potatoes, posing a risk of yield reduction, liquid can be circulated into the interior of the guide tube 1 through the temperature-conducting pipe 3. The liquid can increase or decrease the soil temperature, providing better temperature conditions for potato growth and reducing losses caused by temperature.

[0063] Second implementation method:

[0064] Figures 1-2 This invention illustrates a potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane. Unlike the first embodiment, the potato cutting process in step S3 further includes: placing the seed potato with the apical bud facing upwards on a table, and according to the distribution of buds on the potato pieces, retaining 2-3 buds on each piece from the bottom, making longitudinal cuts near the buds, rotating upwards in sequence until all pieces are cut, with each piece weighing 20g-30g. The cut pieces are then disinfected by applying a paste made of wood ash and carbendazim mixed with freshly burned and cooled wood ash to the cut surfaces, or by applying lime to the cut surfaces for disinfection, and then drying for 2-3 days.

[0065] The sprouting method in step S4 is as follows: natural sprouting. Select seed potatoes that are free from diseases and pests, place them in a well-ventilated, cool, rain-proof room with diffused light, soak them in a 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes, pile them up for sprouting, and cover the seed potatoes with straw to prevent the solution from evaporating. After 5-7 days, remove the covering. The seed potatoes should have 2-3 sprouts, with the sprouts being 1-2 cm long.

[0066] The 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 consists of 300 kg of chicken or sheep manure and 500 kg of pig or cow manure.

[0067] The pest and disease control measures in step S14 include:

[0068] Agricultural control: Select disease-resistant superior varieties and virus-free seed potatoes according to local conditions, make reasonable layout, implement crop rotation, strengthen inter-row cultivation and weeding, clean up fields, and reduce the number of sources of disease and pests;

[0069] Physical control: Use yellow sticky traps to kill aphids and install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill insects;

[0070] Biological control: Protect and utilize natural enemies, create environmental conditions conducive to their survival, select pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies, and install pheromone traps to kill pests.

[0071] Potatoes should not be continuously cropped. Reasonable crop rotation or intercropping should be implemented, with a rotation system of one cycle per season or one cycle per year.

[0072] Spring potatoes are sown from mid-December to early January of the following year to ensure they are not damaged by frost after emergence, while winter potatoes are sown from late February to mid-March.

[0073] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments adopted in this application are not limited to these. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Site Selection: Select a site as a potato green food production base; S2. Variety selection: Select potato varieties; S3. Seed potato treatment: Select small whole potatoes weighing 30g-50g as seed potatoes, and seed potatoes weighing more than 50g as cutting potatoes. Before cutting potatoes, in order to prevent the spread of disease by the cutting knife, prepare two cutting knives and soak the cutting knives in 75% alcohol or 5% potassium permanganate. During the cutting process, use the two knives alternately to ensure that one knife cuts one potato. S4. Sprouting: Before planting, the seed potatoes are sprouted to break dormancy; S5. Land preparation: After the previous crop is harvested, plow, harrow and cover the field for 20-30 days. 2-3 days before sowing, prepare the land carefully. The tillage layer should be 25-30cm deep. S6. Fertilization: Apply 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1 kg of microbial inoculant per mu (unit of land area). S7. Ridging: Ridge spacing 40-80cm, ridge width 85-90cm, dig pits on the ridges, pit spacing 28cm; S8. Sowing: When sowing, place the seed potatoes in the pit with the buds facing upwards. The planting density is 3,500 plants per acre. S9. Mulching and Seedling Introduction: After planting, a guide pipe (1) is placed in the pit, covering the outside of the seed potato; then, drip irrigation tape is laid on the ridge and covered with a fully biodegradable film (2). When mulching, one end of the guide pipe (1) extends out of the fully biodegradable film (2), and the two sides of the film are pressed down with soil so that the subsequent potato seedlings can grow outward along the guide pipe (1), thereby avoiding breaking the film and introducing seedlings. S10. Topdressing: When the seedlings reach 75% emergence, apply the first topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 kg microbial fertilizer per mu. Apply the second topdressing of 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 kg mineral potassium humate and 1 kg organic water-soluble fertilizer per mu. S11. Pest and disease control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of prevention first, integrated management and unified prevention and control, select pest and disease control measures and supplement them with biological pesticide control measures. S12. Harvesting: Harvest when 80% of the plant's leaves turn yellow. After harvesting, promptly remove any damaged tubers and avoid rain and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. S13. Storage and Transportation: Store harvested potatoes in a well-ventilated, dry indoor environment, cover the surface with a breathable but opaque covering, and regularly inspect and remove diseased and rotten potatoes. S14. Establish production records: Record and preserve the production environment conditions, production technology, occurrence and control of pests and diseases, harvesting and post-harvest treatment.

2. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide tube (1) is made of opaque material and is set in a Z-shape. The corner of the guide tube (1) is less than or equal to 90 degrees. By utilizing the phototropism of potato seedlings, the potato seedlings are guided to grow to the outside of the guide tube (1).

3. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide tube (1) inserted into the soil is hollow and made of heat-conducting material, while the guide tube (1) protruding from the soil is made of non-heat-conducting material, and a heat-conducting tube (3) is connected between the hollow parts of the multiple guide tubes (1).

4. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the soil temperature exceeds the suitable growth temperature for potatoes and there is a risk of reduced yield, liquid can be circulated into the inside of the guide pipe (1) through the heat conduction pipe (3). The liquid can increase or decrease the soil temperature, provide better temperature conditions for potato growth, and reduce the losses caused by temperature.

5. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of cutting potatoes in step S3 also includes: placing the seed potatoes with the apical bud facing upwards on the table, and according to the distribution of buds on the potato pieces, retaining 2-3 buds on each piece from the bottom, making longitudinal cuts near the buds, rotating upwards in sequence until all are cut, with each potato piece weighing 20g-30g, and disinfecting the cut pieces by mixing wood ash that has been burned and cooled that day with carbendazim into a paste, or by applying lime to the cut pieces for disinfection, and then drying them for 2-3 days.

6. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprouting method in step S4 is as follows: natural sprouting. Select seed potatoes free from diseases and pests, place them in a well-ventilated, cool, rain-proof room with diffused light, soak them in a 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes, pile them up for sprouting, cover the seed potatoes with straw to prevent the solution from evaporating, and remove the covering after 5-7 days. The seed potatoes should have 2-3 sprouts, with the sprouts being 1-2 cm long.

7. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 consists of 300 kg of chicken or sheep manure and 500 kg of pig or cow manure.

8. The potato cultivation method based on a fully biodegradable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest and disease control measures in step S11 include: Agricultural control: Select disease-resistant superior varieties and virus-free seed potatoes according to local conditions, make reasonable layout, implement crop rotation, strengthen inter-row cultivation and weeding, clean up fields, and reduce the number of sources of disease and pests; Physical control: Use yellow sticky traps to kill aphids and install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill insects; Biological control: Protect and utilize natural enemies, create environmental conditions conducive to their survival, select pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies, and install pheromone traps to kill pests.

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