An electrokinetic dredging and screening method and equipment for heavy metal contaminated river sediment in mining areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electric excavation and screening method and equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas, belonging to the field of heavy metal pollution treatment technology. The method and equipment are provided with a feed box, a preliminary screening mechanism, a vibrating screening mechanism, and a screening mobile mechanism. A screening seat is provided on the side of the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism is arranged in the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism and the feed box are detachably connected, the vibrating screening mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening mobile mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening mobile mechanism and the vibrating screening mechanism are slidably matched, and the feed box and the vibrating screening mechanism are docked. The present invention further crushes the sand and gravel and stones that are lumped and wrapped in the mud and then screens them, which can improve screening efficiency, increase resource recovery and utilization rate, and enhance heavy metal removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment, and particularly relates to an electric dredging and screening method and equipment for river sediment polluted by heavy metals in mining areas. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing frequency of mining activities in mining areas, a large amount of waste residues and waste water containing heavy metals enter nearby rivers through surface runoff and other means. These heavy metals accumulate continuously in the river sediment, causing serious environmental pollution. Traditional dredging and treatment methods are inefficient and difficult to meet the demand for effective treatment of a large amount of polluted sediment. For example, in some rivers around old mining areas, the content of heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) in the sediment far exceeds the environmental standards, posing a great threat to the aquatic ecosystem and the health of surrounding residents.

[0003] The river sediment polluted by heavy metals in mining areas has a complex composition, containing not only heavy metals but also various sizes of sediment, ore fragments, organic debris, etc. This requires the dredging and screening equipment to adapt to such complex material characteristics and achieve efficient and accurate dredging and screening.

[0004] However, in the existing process of screening sediment, the transported sediment will form lumps, and the existing vibration screening mechanism has a poor effect on breaking the lumped sediment, resulting in the sand and stones in the lumped sediment being wrapped and unable to be completely screened out by vibration, affecting the subsequent treatment of the sediment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide an electric dredging and screening method and equipment for river sediment polluted by heavy metals in mining areas to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions: An electric dredging and screening method for river sediment polluted by heavy metals in mining areas, the screening method comprising the following steps:

[0007] There are provided a feeding box, a preliminary screening mechanism, a vibration screening mechanism, and a screening moving mechanism.

[0008] First step, pour the sediment into the feeding box, and through the operation of the preliminary screening mechanism in the feeding box, screen out weeds or long sundries in the sediment. During the screening process, drive the feeding box to perform vibration screening through the operation of two first vibration motors.

[0009] Second step, after preliminary screening, the sediment is transported into the vibration screening mechanism. The vibration screening mechanism can perform screening work on the sand and stones in the sediment, and the screened sand and stones are transported outwards through the automatic conveyor belt below.

[0010] In the third step, during the screening process, the screening mobile mechanism moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and stones in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process;

[0011] The fourth step is to discharge the sludge after screening through the discharge plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a screening seat is provided on the side of the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism is arranged in the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism and the feed box are detachably connected, the vibrating screening mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening moving mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening moving mechanism and the vibrating screening mechanism are slidably matched, and the feed box and the vibrating screening mechanism are docked.

[0013] The present invention further crushes the sand and stones agglomerated and wrapped in the bottom mud and then screens them, which can improve the screening efficiency, increase the resource recovery rate, and enhance the heavy metal removal effect.

[0014] Furthermore, the preliminary screening mechanism includes a preliminary filtering fence plate, which is horizontally arranged and has four plug-in rods at the bottom. Four mounting seats are provided in the feed box, and the mounting seats are provided with plug-in holes that cooperate with the plug-in rods.

[0015] Furthermore, two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors are provided on the side walls of the feed box.

[0016] Furthermore, the vibrating screening mechanism includes an inclined cylindrical screening mesh, two connecting rods and two second vibration motors, the two connecting rods are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh, and the two connecting rods are connected to the screening seat, and the two second vibration motors are respectively symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh.

[0017] Furthermore, a circular screening grid is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh.

[0018] Furthermore, the screening mobile mechanism includes a mounting frame, a driving motor, a driving gear, a driving tooth plate and a movable plate frame, the mounting frame is arranged on the screening seat, the driving motor is located on the mounting frame, the driving gear is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor, the bottom of the driving tooth plate is connected to the movable plate frame, the driving tooth plate is slidably connected to the mounting frame, the driving tooth plate is meshed with the driving gear, and the movable plate frame is provided with two sliding rods that slide with the mounting frame, the movable plate frame is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh, and the movable plate frame slides with the circular screening mesh frame.

[0019] In the present invention, when several cutting plates move up and down, they will break the agglomerated bottom sludge, exposing the stones or gravels wrapped in the bottom sludge, facilitating the subsequent screening of the gravels and stones in the bottom sludge by the circular screening wire mesh frame and the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder. By crushing it, the originally wrapped gravels and stones can be dispersed, and the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can smoothly pass through the screen, improving the screening throughput and speed.

[0020] Further, one end of the moving plate frame is provided with several cutting plates arranged at equal intervals. The cutting plates are inclined with respect to the moving plate frame and extend outside the moving plate frame.

[0021] Further, a horizontally arranged placing plate is provided below the other end of the moving plate frame, and several brush rods are provided on the placing plate.

[0022] During the screening process of the screening moving mechanism in the present invention in the bottom sludge, it can not only break the agglomerated bottom sludge and separate the gravels and stones wrapped in the agglomerated bottom sludge for screening the gravels and stones, so as to achieve the comprehensiveness of the bottom sludge screening, but also drive several brush rods to move up and down during the screening process of the bottom sludge, thereby cleaning the blocked bottom sludge on the circular screening wire mesh frame for subsequent screening of the bottom sludge.

[0023] Further, an automatic conveyor belt is provided on the screening seat below the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder, and a discharge plate is provided at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder.

[0024] The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0025] First, when the present invention breaks the agglomerates in the conveyed bottom sludge, the driving motor works to drive the driving gear to rotate on the driving tooth plate, which will drive the position of the moving plate frame to move up and down on the mounting frame through two sliding rods, and will drive several cutting plates on the moving plate frame to continuously move up and down on the circular screening wire mesh frame. The up and down movement of several cutting plates will break the agglomerated bottom sludge, exposing the stones or gravels wrapped in the bottom sludge, facilitating the subsequent screening of the gravels and stones in the bottom sludge by the circular screening wire mesh frame and the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder. By crushing it, the originally wrapped gravels and stones can be dispersed, and the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can smoothly pass through the screen, improving the screening throughput and speed; for some complex mixed particles, such as the agglomerates formed by the mixture of ore fragments and viscous bottom sludge, after crushing, the particles of different properties can be separated, which is more conducive to subsequent precise screening according to the particle size and properties; through crushing, the heavy metals can be better exposed, facilitating subsequent chemical or physical treatment methods.

[0026] Second, during the screening process of the screening and moving mechanism in the present invention in the bottom mud, it can not only break up the agglomerated bottom mud and separate the sand and stones wrapped in the agglomerated bottom mud for screening the sand and stones, so as to achieve the comprehensiveness of the bottom mud screening, but also drive several brush rods to move up and down during the screening process of the bottom mud, so as to clean the blocked bottom mud on the circular screening wire mesh frame for subsequent screening of the bottom mud. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the feed box and the preliminary screening mechanism in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the screening and moving mechanism in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged view of part A in

[0033] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the moving plate frame in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 is a disassembled three-dimensional structural diagram of the moving plate frame in the present invention;

[0035] Reference Numerals

[0036] Feed box 1, mounting seat 11, insertion hole 12, first vibration motor 13, preliminary screening mechanism 2, preliminary filtering fence plate 21, insertion rod 22, vibration screening mechanism 3, cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, connecting rod 32, second vibration motor 33, circular screening wire mesh frame 34, screening and moving mechanism 4, mounting frame 41, driving motor 42, driving gear 43, driving rack 44, moving plate frame 45, sliding rod 46, cutting plate 47, placing plate 48, brush rod 49, screening seat 5, automatic conveyor belt 51, discharge plate 52. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric excavation and screening method for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in a mining area, the screening method comprising the following steps:

[0040] It is equipped with a feed box 1, a preliminary screening mechanism 2, a vibration screening mechanism 3 and a screening moving mechanism 4.

[0041] In the first step, the bottom mud is poured into the feed box 1, and the weeds or long debris in the bottom mud are screened through the preliminary screening mechanism 2 in the feed box 1. During the screening process, the two first vibration motors 13 drive the feed box 1 to vibrate and screen;

[0042] In the second step, the bottom mud is transported to the vibrating screening mechanism 3 after preliminary screening. The vibrating screening mechanism 3 can screen the sand and stones in the bottom mud, and the screened sand and stones are transported outward through the automatic conveyor belt 51 below;

[0043] In the third step, during the screening process, the screening moving mechanism 4 moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism 3 to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and stones in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process;

[0044] In the fourth step, after the bottom mud is screened, the screened bottom mud can be discharged outward through the discharge plate 52.

[0045] In this preferred embodiment, a screening seat 5 is provided on the side of the feed box 1, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 is arranged in the feed box 1, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 and the feed box 1 are detachably connected, the vibrating screening mechanism 3 is arranged on the screening seat 5, the screening moving mechanism 4 is arranged on the screening seat 5, the screening moving mechanism 4 and the vibrating screening mechanism 3 are slidably matched, and the feed box 1 and the vibrating screening mechanism 3 are docked.

[0046] It should be noted that, during the process of screening the bottom mud in the present invention, the bottom mud is in a dry state, which facilitates screening out the stones and sand in the bottom.

[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 includes a preliminary filtering fence plate 21 which is horizontally arranged, and four inserting rods 22 are provided at the bottom of the preliminary filtering fence plate 21. Four mounting seats 11 are provided in the feed box 1, and inserting holes 12 which are in inserting fit with the inserting rods 22 are provided on the mounting seats 11; two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors 13 are provided on the side wall of the feed box 1.

[0048] The sludge is conveyed into the feed box 1, and the first vibration motor 13 works to conduct preliminary screening on the sludge in the feed box 1. The large and long branches or sundries in the sludge are intercepted by the preliminary filtering fence plate 21. Under the vibration of the two first vibration motors 13, the sludge will fall from the preliminary filtering fence plate 21 and be conveyed into the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31;

[0049] When the preliminary filtering fence plate 21 is not in use, the preliminary filtering fence plate 21 can be pulled outwards from the inserting holes 12 on the corresponding four mounting seats 11 through the four inserting rods 22, and the sundries filtered out on the preliminary filtering fence plate 21 can be cleaned, and various sundries attached to it can be conveniently removed. Compared with cleaning in place, this method can remove sundries more thoroughly.

[0050] In this preferred embodiment, the vibrating screening mechanism 3 includes an inclined cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, two connecting rods 32 and two second vibration motors 33. The two connecting rods 32 are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, and the two connecting rods 32 are connected to the screening seat 5. The two second vibration motors 33 are respectively symmetrically arranged on the two side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31.

[0051] After the sludge is preliminarily filtered and conveyed into the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31 through the feed box 1, the two second vibration motors 33 work to drive the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31 to shake and vibrate, so as to screen the sludge and screen out the stones or sand and gravel in the sludge onto the automatic conveyor belt 51.

[0052] In this preferred embodiment, a circular screening wire frame 34 is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31.

[0053] The circular screening wire frame 34 can block the agglomerated sludge so as to break the agglomerated sludge, and after breaking, the circular screening wire frame 34 can also screen the sludge.

[0054] In this preferred embodiment, the screening and moving mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 41, a driving motor 42, a driving gear 43, a driving rack 44, and a moving plate frame 45. The mounting frame 41 is disposed on the screening base 5. The driving motor 42 is located on the mounting frame 41. The driving gear 43 is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor 42. The bottom of the driving rack 44 is connected to the moving plate frame 45. The driving rack 44 is slidably connected to the mounting frame 41. The driving rack 44 meshes with the driving gear 43. Two slide bars 46 that are slidably engaged with the mounting frame 41 are provided on the moving plate frame 45. The moving plate frame 45 is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31 and is slidably engaged with the circular screening mesh frame 34. One end of the moving plate frame 45 is provided with a plurality of cutting plates 47 arranged at equal intervals. The cutting plates 47 are inclined with respect to the moving plate frame 45 and extend outside the moving plate frame 45.

[0055] When crushing the lumps in the transported sediment, the driving motor 42 operates to drive the driving gear 43 to rotate on the driving rack 44, which will drive the position of the moving plate frame 45 to move up and down on the mounting frame 41 through the two slide bars 46, and will drive a plurality of cutting plates 47 on the moving plate frame 45 to continuously move up and down on the circular screening mesh frame 34. The up and down movement of the plurality of cutting plates 47 will perform the crushing work on the lumpy sediment, exposing the stones or sand and gravel wrapped in the sediment, facilitating the subsequent screening work of the sand and stones in the sediment by the circular screening mesh frame 34 and the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31. By crushing them, the originally wrapped sand and stones can be dispersed, and the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can smoothly pass through the screen, improving the screening throughput and speed; for some complex mixed particles, such as lumps formed by the mixture of ore fragments and viscous sediment, after crushing, particles of different properties can be separated, which is more conducive to subsequent precise screening according to particle size and properties; by crushing, heavy metals can be better exposed, facilitating subsequent treatment by chemical or physical methods.

[0056] In this preferred embodiment, a horizontally arranged placing plate 48 is provided below the other end of the moving plate frame 45. A plurality of brush rods 49 are provided on the placing plate 48.

[0057] During the screening process, when the moving plate frame 45 moves up and down on the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, it can drive a plurality of brush rods 49 on the placing plate 48 to move up and down on the circular screening mesh frame 34, thereby cleaning the blockage of the mesh holes of the circular screening mesh frame 34 for the screening work of the sediment.

[0058] During the screening process of the screening and moving mechanism 4 in the present invention in the sediment, it can not only break up the agglomerated sediment, separate the sand and stones wrapped in the agglomerated sediment for screening the sand and stones, so as to achieve the comprehensiveness of sediment screening, but also drive a number of brush rods 49 to move up and down during the sediment screening process to clean the blocked sediment on the circular screening wire mesh frame 34 for subsequent sediment screening.

[0059] In this preferred embodiment, an automatic conveyor belt 51 is provided on the screening base 5 below the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, and a discharge plate 52 is provided at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31.

[0060] The screened stones and sand will fall onto the automatic conveyor belt 51, and the automatic conveyor belt 51 can convey and discharge the sand and stones screened out by the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31 outward; the discharge plate 52 can discharge the screened sediment outward.

[0061] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electro-mechanical dredging and screening method for heavy metal contaminated river sediment in mining areas, characterized in that The screening method comprises the following steps: a feed box (1), a preliminary screening mechanism (2), a vibrating screening mechanism (3) and a screening moving mechanism (4) are provided, wherein the bottom mud is poured into the feed box (1), and the weeds or long debris in the bottom mud are screened by the preliminary screening mechanism (2) in the feed box (1), and during the screening process, the feed box (1) is driven by two first vibrating motors (13) to perform vibration screening; and the bottom mud is transported to the vibrating screening mechanism (3) after the preliminary screening, and the vibrating screening is performed. The mechanism (3) can screen the sand and gravel in the bottom mud, and the screened sand and gravel are transported outwards through the automatic conveyor belt (51) below; in the third step, during the screening process, the screening moving mechanism (4) moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism (3) to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and gravel in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process; in the fourth step, after the bottom mud is screened, the screened bottom mud can be discharged outwards through the discharge plate (52); A screening seat (5) is provided on the side of the feed box (1), and the preliminary screening mechanism (2) is arranged in the feed box (1); the preliminary screening mechanism (2) and the feed box (1) are detachably connected; the vibrating screening mechanism (3) is arranged on the screening seat (5), and the screening moving mechanism (4) is arranged on the screening seat (5), and the screening moving mechanism (4) and the vibrating screening mechanism (3) are slidably matched; the feed box (1) and the vibrating screening mechanism (3) are docked; The preliminary screening mechanism (2) includes a preliminary filtering fence plate (21), the preliminary filtering fence plate (21) is horizontally arranged, and four plug rods (22) are provided at the bottom of the preliminary filtering fence plate (21); four mounting seats (11) are provided in the feed box (1), and the mounting seats (11) are provided with plug holes (12) that are plugged into and matched with the plug rods (22); Two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors (13) are provided on the side walls of the feed box (1); The vibrating screening mechanism (3) comprises an inclined cylindrical screening mesh drum (31), two connecting rods (32) and two second vibration motors (33); the two connecting rods (32) are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh drum (31), and the two connecting rods (32) are connected to the screening seat (5); the two second vibration motors (33) are respectively symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh drum (31); A circular screening grid (34) is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh drum (31); The screening and moving mechanism (4) includes a mounting frame (41), a driving motor (42), a driving gear (43), a driving rack (44) and a moving plate frame (45); the mounting frame (41) is arranged on the screening base (5), the driving motor (42) is located on the mounting frame (41), the driving gear (43) is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor (42), and the bottom of the driving rack (44) is connected to the moving plate frame (45); the driving rack (44) is slidably connected to the mounting frame (41), and the driving rack (44) meshes with the driving gear (43); two sliding rods (46) that are slidably matched with the mounting frame (41) are arranged on the moving plate frame (45), and the moving plate frame (45) is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31) and is slidably matched with the circular screening wire mesh frame (34). Several cutting plates (47) arranged at equal intervals are provided at one end of the moving plate frame (45), and the cutting plates (47) are inclined with respect to the moving plate frame (45) and extend outside the moving plate frame (45). A horizontally arranged placing plate (48) is provided below the other end of the moving plate frame (45), and several brush rods (49) are arranged on the placing plate (48). Among them, during the screening process, the driving motor (42) operates to drive the driving gear (43) to rotate, and the driving gear (43) drives the driving rack (44) and the moving plate frame (45) to move up and down on the mounting frame (41) through the sliding rods (46), so that the cutting plates (47) break the agglomerated bottom mud, expose the heavy metals wrapped in the agglomerated bottom mud for subsequent treatment, and at the same time, the brush rods (49) clean the blocked bottom mud on the circular screening wire mesh frame (34) to ensure the continuous and efficient progress of screening.

2. The electro-excavation and screening method for heavy metal contaminated river sediment in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: An automatic conveyor belt (51) is arranged on the screening base (5) below the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31), and a discharge plate (52) is arranged at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31).

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