Adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system and calibration method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system and a calibration method thereof, which can effectively adapt to the deformation of the soft rock slope through the relative sliding of the built-in compression spring and the wear-resistant steel plate. When the soil expands or deforms, the compression spring is compressed, and the second wear-resistant steel plate in the pedestal assembly slides outward along the first wear-resistant steel plate, so that the pedestal moves toward the outside of the soil and releases the deformation pressure. When the soil shrinks, the compression spring recovers, and the second wear-resistant steel plate slides inward, so that the pedestal moves toward the inside of the soil, and the anchor retracts to maintain effective support for the slope. This mechanism improves the adaptability and support effect of the anchor support system and enhances the stability of the soft rock slope. The calibration method based on the sensor unit ensures the long-term reliability of the anchor axial force monitoring and the overall safety of the engineering project, and provides advanced technical support for the stable control of the soft rock slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soft rock slope reinforcement, and in particular to an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system and a calibration method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soft rock slope engineering is increasingly used in highway, railway, mining and urban construction. However, due to its low strength, large deformation capacity and susceptibility to external interference, soft rock slopes pose a major challenge to engineering stability. In order to ensure the safety and stability of soft rock slopes, traditional anchor support technology has been widely used. However, traditional anchors are difficult to adapt to the deformation characteristics of soft rock slopes due to their excessive stiffness and limited deformation adaptability. When the deformation of the slope exceeds the maximum allowable elongation of the anchor, the anchor may break, causing the support system to fail. This not only reduces the effectiveness of the support, but may also lead to serious engineering accidents.

[0003] Although the existing deformable anchor technology has improved in alleviating such problems, it still has defects. Patent CN202210220773.5 provides an internal anchor retractable anchor for soft rock reinforcement, which realizes the deformable function through the anchor head retractable device, and at the same time expands the anchor head to increase the confining pressure on the soft rock, thereby obtaining a larger anchoring force to reinforce the soft rock; Patent CN202211060537.8 provides an adaptive anchor that can monitor and adjust the expansive soil slope environment, by setting a multi-stage force-bearing elastic body, the tension of the anchor rod body is gradually increased when the rock and soil body has a large displacement, thereby limiting the displacement of the expansive soil rock and soil body, and the slope environment is monitored with the help of the set temperature and humidity sensor; Patent CN202210424005.1 provides an adaptive pressure-yielding anchor device and construction method, by setting a pressure-yielding device on the anchor head to absorb the impact force and then compress and deform to achieve pressure-yielding displacement; Although these above-mentioned technologies have improved the effect of soft rock reinforcement to a certain extent, their functions are relatively single, and it is difficult to achieve the dual purposes of adaptive control and environmental monitoring and early warning at the same time. In addition, traditional axial force monitoring methods, such as oil pressure force measurement, magnetic flux method and fiber grating method, etc., because their sensor elements are easily affected by environmental factors, the reliability of monitoring data will decrease after long-term use, and long-term effective monitoring effects cannot be guaranteed. They also lack the ability to self-adjust and correct during service. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system and a calibration method thereof, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art such as single function, unreliable monitoring and lack of adaptive adjustment capability, and realize adaptive control of slope anchors and long-term perception and monitoring and early warning of soft rock.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system, including an anchor rod body, a pedestal assembly and a telescopic assembly;

[0006] The anchor rod body comprises threaded parts at both ends and a smooth part in the middle section;

[0007] The pedestal assembly comprises a concrete pedestal, wherein the concrete pedestal comprises a cavity, wherein the cavity is opened near the outer anchoring end, and a through hole is arranged at the other end, and an anchor rod limiting portion is arranged in the through hole, wherein the anchor rod body extends into the anchor rod limiting portion and the smooth portion of the rod body is in sliding contact with the anchor rod limiting portion; a steel pad is arranged on the surface of the concrete pedestal near the outer anchoring end, and a cover plate is arranged on the steel pad to close the cavity; an isolation sleeve is arranged outside the concrete pedestal and fixed on the anchor rod limiting portion;

[0008] The telescopic assembly comprises a rectangular sleeve, which is screwed into the threaded portion of the anchor rod body through an internal thread, and a wear-resistant limit steel plate is arranged on the rectangular sleeve;

[0009] The wear-resistant limiting steel plate includes a first wear-resistant steel plate and a second wear-resistant steel plate. One end of the first wear-resistant steel plate is hinged to the rectangular sleeve, and the other end is connected to the rectangular sleeve through a first compression spring assembly; one end of the second wear-resistant steel plate is hinged to the steel pad close to the inner edge of the cavity, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the cavity through a second compression spring assembly.

[0010] Two groups of wear-resistant limiting steel plates are symmetrically arranged in the cavity; the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate are in parallel contact with each other.

[0011] Furthermore, an oil seal is arranged between the end of the isolation sleeve away from the concrete pedestal and the anchor rod body, and the interior of the isolation sleeve is filled with lubricating oil.

[0012] Furthermore, the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate have the same length and thickness, the first wear-resistant steel plate includes a first steel plate friction surface and a first steel plate back surface; the second wear-resistant steel plate includes a second steel plate friction surface and a second steel plate back surface.

[0013] The contacting sides of the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate are the first steel plate friction surface and the second steel plate friction surface respectively; the non-contacting sides of the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate are the back side of the first steel plate and the back side of the second steel plate respectively.

[0014] The surfaces of the first steel plate friction surface and the second steel plate friction surface are engraved and sprayed with a wear-resistant coating; the first wear-resistant steel plate, the second wear-resistant steel plate and the first compression spring assembly, the second compression spring assembly are respectively provided with a first steel plate groove and a second steel plate groove at the connection parts; the wear-resistant limiting steel plates are arranged in at least two groups and are symmetrically arranged with the anchor rod body.

[0015] Furthermore, the first compression spring assembly and the second compression spring assembly have the same structural material and both include two upper and lower spring limit plates, a spring body is arranged between the spring limit plates, a piston rod is arranged in the spring body, and a connecting rod is also arranged on the top of the upper spring limit plate; a pad and a rubber elastic gasket are sleeved on the connecting rod from top to bottom; the first compression spring assembly or the second compression spring assembly is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the anchor rod body and symmetrically to the central axis of the anchor rod body, and the number of arrangements is a multiple of 4.

[0016] Furthermore, the top surface of the cushion block is an inclined surface, which fits with the wear-resistant limiting steel plate, and the connecting rod extends out of the cushion block and is embedded in the first steel plate groove or the second steel plate groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the first compression spring assembly and the rectangular sleeve or the second compression spring assembly are connected to the inner wall of the cavity via a sliding hinge support, a sliding track is arranged between the sliding hinge support and the inner wall of the cavity or the rectangular sleeve, the direction of the sliding track is the same as the direction of the anchor rod body, the sliding hinge support also includes a limiting member and a connecting member, the limiting member is hinged to the connecting member via a hinge rod, and the connecting member is fixedly connected to the first compression spring assembly or the second compression spring assembly.

[0018] Furthermore, a sensor unit is also arranged on the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve, and the sensor unit includes a displacement sensor and an angle sensor; the sensor unit is fixed to the top of the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve near the first compression spring assembly through a sensor base; the sensor base is an open rectangular shell structure, including an opposite surface and a bottom surface, and fixing bolts are correspondingly arranged on the opposite surface; the sensor base clamps and fixes the sensor unit through the fixing bolts.

[0019] A calibration method for an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system is provided, based on the above-mentioned adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system, and comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1. Apply external prestress to the anchor rod body, so that the anchor rod body is subjected to axial tension. Function, while recording the value of the displacement sensor , angle sensor value ;

[0021] S2, performing a force analysis on the anchor rod body, the rectangular sleeve and the wear-resistant limit steel plate to determine the relationship between the anchor rod axial force, the spring compression, the first wear-resistant steel plate, the anchor rod body angle and the friction coefficient; establishing a relationship between the sensor and the angle sensor;

[0022] S3, apply external prestress to the anchor rod again, and apply a known force along the axial direction of the anchor rod to the anchor rod in the working state of S1 , record the sensor unit value at this time , and determine the relationship between the friction coefficient, the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the bolt body, and the spring compression amount by combining the relationship obtained by S2;

[0023] S4. Disassemble the sensor unit and calibrate it. If the calibration result is confirmed to be correct, adjust the parameters to the original parameters before disassembly and reinstall it back to the original position. If the sensor system is found to be faulty, replace it with a calibrated new sensor system, adjust the parameters to the original state, and then reinstall it back to the original position.

[0024] Furthermore, the anchor rod body in S2 is subjected to axial tension , spring compression, first wear-resistant steel plate, anchor rod body angle and friction coefficient are specifically as follows:

[0025] ;

[0026] The relationship between the sensor and the angle sensor:

[0027] ;

[0028] in, Indicates application The compression of the rear spring, Indicates application The angle value after the relative displacement between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the anchor rod body is changed, is the friction coefficient of the wear-resistant steel plate, is the spring constant, is the number of the first compression spring assemblies on the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve, is the length of parallel contact between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate, is the length of the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate, is the thickness of the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate, is the cavity height of the concrete pedestal, is the height of the rectangular sleeve.

[0029] Furthermore, the friction coefficient in S3 is for:

[0030] ;

[0031] Relationship between the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the bolt body and the spring compression:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, To impose The spring compression after To impose The angle value after the relative displacement between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the anchor rod body is changed, is the length of parallel contact between the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate, is the length of the first wear-resistant steel plate and the second wear-resistant steel plate.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include the following points:

[0035] The present invention integrates the anchor assembly and the pedestal assembly to construct a reinforcement system that can adapt to the deformation characteristics of soft rock slopes. The system can release stress through the built-in pressure-relieving mechanism when the soft rock slope undergoes expansion deformation; and when the slope shrinks, it does not hinder its natural rebound, thereby achieving effective response and continuous reinforcement to the dynamic displacement of the slope. In addition, the system is equipped with a real-time axial force monitoring and early warning function, which can accurately capture the changes in axial force generated during the anchoring process, providing a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the support structure and the deformation state of the slope, significantly enhancing the stability of the soft rock slope, and providing an efficient, safe and reliable innovative solution for its support engineering.

[0036] The present invention further uses a modular sensor unit to monitor the axial force of the anchor rod, avoiding the complex installation process of embedding strain gauges or optical fiber sensors on the rod body of the traditional intelligent anchor rod, which not only protects the integrity and bearing capacity of the anchor rod, but also simplifies the construction process and reduces the subsequent maintenance costs. With the help of self-calibration technology, the sensor unit can maintain a high-precision monitoring level throughout the service life, and can be easily replaced when the sensor fails, ensuring the long-term reliability of the anchor rod axial force monitoring and the overall safety of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchor rod assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pedestal assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a first wear-resistant steel plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the back surface of the first steel plate, and (b) is the friction surface of the first steel plate;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a second wear-resistant steel plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the back surface of the first steel plate, and (b) is the friction surface of the first steel plate;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a compression spring assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the present invention installed obliquely on a slope;

[0044] Figure 7 A working top view (without cover) provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 1 is a schematic side view of a sliding hinge support according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view;

[0046] Fig. 9 1 is a schematic diagram of a main side view of a sensor base according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view;

[0047] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of structural stress provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.11 A structural force diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.12 A structural geometric dimension diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] In the figure, 1, anchor rod body; 2, rectangular sleeve; 3, rod body smooth part; 4, first compression spring assembly; 41, spring limit plate; 42, piston rod; 43, spring body; 44, connecting rod; 45, rubber elastic gasket; 46, cushion block; 5, wear-resistant limit steel plate; 51, first wear-resistant steel plate; 511, first steel plate friction surface; 512, first steel plate back; 513, first steel plate groove; 52, second wear-resistant steel plate; 521, second steel plate friction surface; 522. Back side of second steel plate; 523. Groove of second steel plate; 6. Sliding hinge support; 61. Connecting member; 62. Limiting member; 63. Sliding track; 7. Hinge pin; 8. Sensor unit; 81. Sensor base; 82. Fixing bolt; 9. Concrete pedestal; 10. Steel pad; 11. First bolt; 12. Cover plate; 13. Cavity; 14. Anchor rod limiting part; 15. Isolation sleeve; 16. Slope body; 17. Second compression spring assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figures 1 to 7 This embodiment provides an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system, including a base assembly, an anchor rod body 1 and a telescopic assembly; the anchor rod body 1 includes threaded portions at both ends and a smooth portion 3 in the middle of the rod body; the surface of the smooth portion 3 of the rod body is polished to reduce the friction coefficient.

[0054] In some specific implementations, the pedestal assembly includes a concrete pedestal 9 , an anchor rod limiting portion 14 , an isolation sleeve 15 , a steel pad 10 , and a cover plate 12 .

[0055] In some specific embodiments, a cavity 13 and a hole are provided in the center of the concrete pedestal 9. The cavity 13 is open near the outer anchoring end, and the other end is connected to one end of the hole. The shape of the inner wall of the cavity 13 is not limited, but includes at least one set of parallel surfaces; the hole runs through the bottom of the concrete pedestal 9.

[0056] In some specific embodiments, an anchor rod limiting portion 14 is provided inside the hole, and the anchor rod limiting portion 14 is specifically a limiting cylinder with a smooth inner wall, which is in sliding contact with the smooth portion 3 of the rod body to fix the relative position of the anchor rod assembly and the pedestal assembly and the mutual sliding direction; the contact portion between the anchor rod limiting portion 14 and the anchor rod should be polished and smooth, and can be lubricated with lubricating oil to reduce friction.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, the isolation sleeve 15 is fixedly connected to the end of the anchor rod limit portion 14 and extends outside the concrete pedestal 9 to prevent soil and the like from interfering with the relative sliding between the anchor rod limit portion 14 and the anchor rod smooth portion.

[0058] In some possible embodiments, the anchor rod limiting portion 14 and the smooth portion 3 of the rod body are lubricated with lubricating oil, the isolation sleeve 15 is filled with lubricating oil, and an oil seal is arranged between the end of the isolation sleeve 15 away from the concrete pedestal 9 and the anchor rod body 1; the lubricating oil is used to further reduce the friction between the anchor rod limiting portion 14 and the smooth portion of the anchor rod.

[0059] In some specific implementations, a steel plate 10 is disposed on the surface of the concrete pedestal 9 close to the outer anchoring end, and at least one edge of the steel plate 10 is flush with the inner wall of the cavity 13 of the concrete pedestal 9 .

[0060] In some possible implementations, the cover plate 12 is fixed on the steel backing plate 10 to close the cavity 13 of the entire concrete pedestal 9 to prevent rainwater, debris, etc. from entering the cavity 13 .

[0061] In some possible implementations, the cover plate 12 , the steel backing plate 10 , and the concrete are fixed in sequence by first bolts 11 .

[0062] In some specific embodiments, the telescopic assembly includes a first compression spring assembly 4, a wear-resistant limit steel plate 5, a hinge pin 7, a sensor unit 8, a rectangular sleeve 2, and a second compression spring assembly 17; the wear-resistant limit steel plate 5 includes a first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and a second wear-resistant steel plate 52. The rectangular sleeve 2 is provided with threads inside, and is embedded in the anchor rod body 1 through the threads. The first compression spring assembly 4 is provided at the same position of a group of corresponding outer surfaces of the rectangular sleeve 2 near the outer anchoring end, and the other end of the first compression spring assembly 4 is fixed to the end of the first steel plate back 512 of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, and the other end of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 is connected to the rectangular sleeve 2 away from the outer anchoring end through the hinge pin 7.

[0063] In some specific embodiments, one end of the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 is hinged to the steel base plate 10 near the inner edge of the cavity 13 through a hinge pin 7; a second compression spring assembly 17 is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity 13, and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 is fixed on the second compression spring assembly 17 arranged on the inner wall of the cavity 13 away from the external anchoring end.

[0064] The first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the anchor rod body 1 and symmetrical to the center axis of the anchor rod body, and the number of the arranged first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 is a multiple of 2.

[0065] In some specific embodiments, the first compression spring assembly 4, the second compression spring assembly 17 and the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve 2 and the inner wall of the cavity 13 of the concrete pedestal 9 are connected by a sliding hinge support 6; in this embodiment, the specific form of the sliding hinge support 6 is not limited, as long as it is a structure that can achieve the hinge connection between the second compression spring assembly 17, the first compression spring assembly 4 and the inner wall of the cavity 13 of the concrete pedestal 9 and the rectangular sleeve 2, it is within the scope of the disclosure of this embodiment.

[0066] In some possible implementations, the sliding hinge support 6 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cavity 13 or the rectangular sleeve 2. The specific form of the sliding hinge support 6 is as follows: Figure 8, including a limiting member 62, a connecting member 61 and a sliding track 63, wherein the sliding track 63 is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity 13 or the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve 2, and the limiting member 62 is hinged to the connecting member 61 through a hinge rod, and the connecting member 61 is also fixedly connected to the limiting plates of the first compression spring assembly 4 and the second compression spring assembly 17; the bottom of the limiting member 62 is slidably connected to the sliding track 63, and the direction of the sliding track 63 is the same as the direction of the anchor rod body 1.

[0067] In some specific embodiments, the first steel plate friction surface 511 and the second steel plate friction surface 521 are in parallel contact, have the same length and thickness, and are symmetrically arranged. The first wear-resistant steel plate 51, the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, and the first compression spring assembly 4, the second compression spring assembly 17 are respectively provided with a first steel plate groove 513 and a second steel plate groove 523 at the connection parts. Specifically, the connecting rod 44 of the first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 is embedded in the first steel plate groove 513 or the second steel plate groove 523 to ensure that the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 can effectively transmit the force parallel to the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod body 1 when being squeezed, and push the first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 to move on the sliding hinge support 6 to achieve the release and recovery of displacement.

[0068] In some specific embodiments, the cavity 13 of the concrete pedestal 9 includes at least two groups of symmetrically arranged wear-resistant limit steel plates 5; the materials of the wear-resistant limit steel plates 5 include but are not limited to stainless steel, carbon steel, wear-resistant cast iron and high-strength alloy steel; wherein, the surfaces of the first steel plate friction surface 511 and the second steel plate friction surface 521 are engraved and sprayed with a wear-resistant coating to adjust the friction coefficient to adapt to the performance requirements under different working conditions, and the surfaces of the back side 512 of the first steel plate and the back side 522 of the second steel plate are not treated.

[0069] In some specific embodiments, the first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 provided on the inner wall of the rectangular sleeve 2 and the cavity 13 have the same model parameters and are symmetrically provided. The first compression spring assembly 4 and the second compression spring assembly 17 both include a sliding hinge support 6, a spring stop plate 41, a piston rod 42, a spring body 43, a connecting rod 44, a rubber elastic washer 45, and a cushion block 46; both ends of the spring body 43 are fixedly connected to the spring stop plate 41, and a piston rod 42 is provided inside the spring body 43. One end of the connecting rod 44 is fixedly connected to the spring stop plate 41, and the other end passes through the rubber elastic washer 45 and the cushion block 46 and is connected to the grooves of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52. The shape of the cushion block 46 matches the inclination angle of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and is fixedly connected. The rubber elastic washer 45 has a large Poisson's ratio and can withstand longitudinal and radial deformation to adapt to the inclination angle changes of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52.

[0070] In some possible implementations, the sensor unit 8 is connected to the rectangular sleeve 2 near the outer anchoring end through a sensor base 81, and the sensor unit 8 includes a displacement sensor and an angle sensor for respectively measuring the angles between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and the anchor rod body 1 and the compression amount of the first compression spring assembly 4. The sensor unit 8 also includes data storage and wireless communication functions to facilitate real-time monitoring and remote data transmission.

[0071] In some possible implementations, the sensor base 81 is specifically as follows Fig. 9 The open rectangular shell structure includes an opposite surface and a bottom surface, and the opposite surface is correspondingly provided with fixing bolts 82. The sensor unit 8 is placed at the bottom of the sensor base 81 and is clamped and fixed by the fixing bolts 82.

[0072] In engineering practice, the yield distance of the anchor can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, the friction coefficient, and the length of the spring body 43, so as to meet the stability requirements of the soft rock slope under different engineering conditions. In addition, by optimizing the shape design of the contact interface between the concrete pedestal 9 and the soil, the interfacial bonding performance between the concrete pedestal 9 and the slope body 16 can be enhanced, which is conducive to forming a close connection between the two, thereby improving the stability and durability of the entire anchor support system.

[0073] When the soft rock slope soil expands or deforms, the built-in compression spring of the present embodiment is compressed, and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 symmetrically arranged in the concrete pedestal 9 slides relative to the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 symmetrically arranged in the anchor assembly, and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 moves toward the outside of the soil along the friction surface of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, that is, the pedestal assembly moves toward the outside of the soil along the smooth section of the anchor rod. This process allows the anchor rod to release part of its deformation, and the deformation of the soil is reinforced by the pressure-releasing mechanism. On the contrary, when the soft rock slope soil shrinks, the spring body 43 of the first compression spring assembly 4 or the second compression spring assembly 17 partially recovers its deformation, and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 symmetrically arranged in the concrete pedestal 9 slides relative to the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 symmetrically arranged in the anchor assembly, but the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 moves toward the inside of the soil along the friction surface of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, that is, the pedestal assembly moves toward the soil along the smooth part of the anchor rod. This process enables the anchor rod to retract to adapt to the shrinkage of the soil and maintain effective support for the slope. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system of this embodiment adapts to the deformation of the soft rock slope through the relative sliding between the anchor assembly and the pedestal assembly, thereby achieving effective reinforcement and adaptive control of the slope. This design improves the adaptability of the anchor support system to the deformation of the soft rock slope, enhances the support effect, and provides an effective technical means for the stability control of the soft rock slope.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The method for calibrating an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system is applied to the above-mentioned rock slope adaptive anchor support system, and comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1: Apply prestress to the anchor rod body 1 through an external power device F , tension is performed to subject the anchor rod body 1 to axial tension. The axial force of the anchor rod is expressed as At the same time, the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 will squeeze each other, and the spring bodies 43 of the first compression spring assembly 4 and the second compression spring assembly 17 will be compressed, providing greater pressure between the friction surfaces 511 and 521 of the first steel plate, thereby generating greater friction. Record the value of the displacement sensor at this time , angle sensor value , represents the compression of the spring, Indicates the angle value after the relative displacement between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the anchor rod body 1 occurs; F By is the extrusion force between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the rectangular sleeve 2, F C is the elastic force applied downward by the second compression spring assembly 17; F Dx is the horizontal component of the reaction force received by point D of the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, F Dy The vertical component of the reaction force received by point D of the second wear-resistant steel plate 52.

[0077] S2, such as Fig.10 , the force analysis of the anchor rod body 1, the rectangular sleeve 2 and the wear-resistant limit steel plate 5 is performed; the boundary effect of the connection between the wear-resistant limit steel plate 5 and the first compression spring assembly 4, the second compression spring assembly 17, and the hinged part of the wear-resistant limit steel plate 5 and the rectangular sleeve 2 is ignored. According to the Saint-Venant principle, the axial force of the anchor rod body 1 is regarded as a concentrated force passing through the center point of the anchor rod body 1, and the two wear-resistant steel plates are regarded as completely fitted, etc., and the force analysis diagram can be simplified, such as Fig.11 According to the geometric relationship of the structure and the mechanical equilibrium relationship of the forces, the following relationship is obtained:

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] ;

[0082] ;

[0083] ;

[0084] ;

[0085] The anchor axial force can be obtained The relationship between the spring compression, the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the anchor rod body 1, and the friction coefficient is:

[0086] (1)

[0087] (2)

[0088] (3)

[0089] in, is the force of the first compression spring assembly 4 on the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, is the extrusion force between the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, is the friction force between the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, is the force acting on the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 by the rectangular sleeve 2 and parallel to the axial direction of the anchor rod, is the initial angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the anchor rod body 1, and between the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and the concrete pedestal 9, is the friction coefficient of the wear-resistant steel plate, is the spring constant, is the number of the first compression spring assembly 4 (eg Fig.12 , =4), is the length of the parallel contact between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, is the length of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, is the thickness of the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the second wear-resistant steel plate 52, is the height of the cavity 13 of the concrete pedestal 9, is the height of the rectangular sleeve 2, is the pressure between the second wear-resistant steel plate 52 and the first wear-resistant steel plate 51. The parameters of this embodiment are as follows Figures 10-12 shown.

[0090] The relationship between the displacement sensor and the angle sensor is established through equation (3) to determine the accuracy of the installation. Even if one of the sensors fails, the monitoring purpose can still be achieved, thus improving the fault tolerance rate.

[0091] S3, again through the external power device, apply a known force along the axial direction of the anchor rod to the anchor rod body 1 in the working state of S1 , record the value of sensor unit 8 at this time According to the mechanical balance relationship between the forces on the anchor rod body 1 and the first wear-resistant steel plate 51, the relationship between the friction coefficient, the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate 51 and the anchor rod body 1, and the spring compression is obtained in step S2:

[0092] (4)

[0093] (5)

[0094] When the friction coefficient is changed, equation (4) can be used to obtain the accurate friction coefficient. Substituting the friction coefficient into equation (1) can obtain a more accurate axial force. .

[0095] S4, open the cover plate 12 by removing the first bolt 11, remove and take out the sensor unit 8, and then calibrate the sensor unit 8. If the calibration result is confirmed to be correct, adjust the parameters to the original parameters before disassembly and reinstall it to its original position. If the sensor system is found to be faulty, replace it with a calibrated new sensor system, adjust the parameters to the original state, and then reinstall it to its original position. Finally, re-fix and install the sensor system and the cover plate 12.

[0096] In engineering practice, in order to meet the diverse requirements of soft rock slope stability, key parameters such as the shape design of the wear-resistant limit steel plate 5 and the connection method of each component may vary depending on the engineering conditions. These differences may lead to different corresponding relationships. Therefore, in practical applications, re-analysis and calculation should be performed according to the specific engineering device to obtain a relationship that matches the actual device. This process is crucial to ensure the monitoring performance and stability of the anchor support system.

[0097] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system, characterized in that: It comprises an anchor rod body (1), a pedestal assembly and a telescopic assembly; The anchor rod body (1) comprises threaded parts at both ends and a smooth part (3) in the middle of the rod body; The pedestal assembly comprises a concrete pedestal (9), wherein the concrete pedestal (9) comprises a cavity (13), wherein the cavity (13) is open near the outer anchoring end and a through hole is arranged at the other end, wherein an anchor rod limiting portion (14) is arranged in the through hole, wherein the anchor rod body (1) extends into the anchor rod limiting portion (14) and the rod body smooth portion (3) is in sliding contact with the anchor rod limiting portion (14); a steel pad (10) is arranged on the surface of the concrete pedestal (9) near the outer anchoring end, wherein a cover plate (12) is arranged on the steel pad (10) to close the cavity (13); an isolation sleeve (15) is arranged outside the concrete pedestal (9) and fixed on the anchor rod limiting portion (14); The telescopic assembly comprises a rectangular sleeve (2) which is screwed into the threaded portion of the anchor rod body (1) through an internal thread, and a wear-resistant limiting steel plate (5) is arranged on the rectangular sleeve (2); The wear-resistant limiting steel plate (5) comprises a first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and a second wear-resistant steel plate (52); one end of the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) is hinged to the rectangular sleeve (2), and the other end is connected to the rectangular sleeve (2) via a first compression spring assembly (4); one end of the second wear-resistant steel plate (52) is hinged to the steel pad (10) near the inner edge of the cavity (13), and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the cavity (13) via a second compression spring assembly (17); At least two groups of the wear-resistant limiting steel plates (5) are arranged symmetrically to the anchor rod body (1); the first wear-resistant steel plates (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plates (52) are in parallel contact with each other.

2. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil seal is arranged between the end of the isolation sleeve (15) away from the concrete pedestal (9) and the anchor rod body (1), and the interior of the isolation sleeve (15) is filled with lubricating oil.

3. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52) have the same length and thickness; the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) comprises a first steel plate friction surface (511) and a first steel plate back surface (512); the second wear-resistant steel plate (52) comprises a second steel plate friction surface (521) and a second steel plate back surface (522); The contacting sides of the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52) are respectively the first steel plate friction surface (511) and the second steel plate friction surface (521); the non-contacting sides of the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52) are respectively the back side of the first steel plate (512) and the back side of the second steel plate (522); The surfaces of the first steel plate friction surface (511) and the second steel plate friction surface (521) are grooved and sprayed with a wear-resistant coating; The connection parts of the back side (512) of the first steel plate, the back side (522) of the second steel plate, and the first compression spring assembly (4) and the second compression spring assembly (17) are respectively provided with a first steel plate groove (513) and a second steel plate groove (523).

4. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first compression spring assembly (4) and the second compression spring assembly (17) have the same structural material and both include two upper and lower spring limit plates (41), a spring body (43) is arranged between the spring limit plates (41), a piston rod (42) is arranged inside the spring body (43), and a connecting rod (44) is also arranged on the top of the upper spring limit plate (41); a cushion block (46) and a rubber elastic gasket (45) are sleeved on the connecting rod (44) from top to bottom; the first compression spring assembly (4) or the second compression spring assembly (17) is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the anchor rod body (1) and symmetrically to the central axis of the anchor rod body, and the number of the arranged springs is a multiple of 4.

5. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top surface of the cushion block (46) is an inclined surface, which fits with the wear-resistant limiting steel plate (5); the connecting rod (44) extends out of the cushion block (46) and is embedded in the first steel plate groove (513) or the second steel plate groove (523).

6. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first compression spring assembly (4) and the rectangular sleeve (2) or the second compression spring assembly (17) are connected to the inner wall of the cavity (13) via a sliding hinge support (6); a sliding track (63) is arranged between the sliding hinge support (6) and the inner wall of the cavity (13) or the rectangular sleeve (2); the direction of the sliding track (63) is the same as that of the anchor rod body (1); the sliding hinge support (6) further comprises a limiting component (62) and a connecting component (61); the limiting component (62) is hinged to the connecting component (61) via a hinge rod; the connecting component (61) is fixedly connected to the first compression spring assembly (4) or the second compression spring assembly (17).

7. The adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor unit (8) is also arranged on the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve (2), and the sensor unit (8) comprises a displacement sensor and an angle sensor; the sensor unit (8) is fixed to the top of the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve (2) near the first compression spring assembly (4) via a sensor base (81); the sensor base (81) is an open rectangular parallelepiped shell structure, comprising an opposite surface and a bottom surface, and fixing bolts (82) are arranged corresponding to the opposite surface; the sensor base (81) clamps and fixes the sensor unit (8) via the fixing bolts (82).

8. A calibration method for an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, applying external prestress to the anchor rod body (1), so that the anchor rod body (1) is subjected to an axial tensile force F1, and simultaneously recording a value δ1 of a displacement sensor and a value α' of an angle sensor; S2, performing a force analysis on the anchor rod body (1), the rectangular sleeve (2) and the wear-resistant limit steel plate (5), determining the relationship between the anchor rod axial force, the spring compression, the first wear-resistant steel plate (51), the angle between the anchor rod body (1) and the friction coefficient; establishing a relationship between the sensor and the angle sensor; S3, applying external prestress to the anchor rod body (1) again, applying a known force F2 along the axial direction of the anchor rod to the anchor rod body (1) in the working state of S1, recording the values ​​α" and δ2 of the sensor unit (8) at this time, and determining the relationship between the friction coefficient, the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the anchor rod body (1), and the spring compression amount in combination with the relationship obtained in S2; S4, dismantle the sensor unit (8) and calibrate it. If the calibration result is confirmed to be correct, adjust the parameters to the original parameters before dismantling and reinstall it to its original position. If the sensor system is found to be faulty, replace it with a calibrated new sensor system, adjust the parameters to the original state, and then reinstall it to its original position.

9. The method for calibrating an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The relationship between the axial tension F1, the spring compression, the first wear-resistant steel plate (51), the angle of the anchor rod body (1) and the friction coefficient in S2 is specifically as follows: The relationship between the sensor and the angle sensor: Wherein, δ1 represents the compression amount of the spring after F1 is applied, α' represents the angle value after the relative displacement change between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the anchor rod body (1) after F1 is applied, μ is the friction coefficient of the wear-resistant steel plate, k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring, n is the number of first compression spring assemblies (4) on the outer wall of the rectangular sleeve (2), b is the length of the parallel contact between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52), a is the length of the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52), d is the thickness of the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52), h is the height of the cavity (13) of the concrete pedestal (9), and c is the height of the rectangular sleeve (2).

10. The method for calibrating an adaptive soft rock slope anchor support system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The friction coefficient μ in S3 is: The relationship between the angle between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the anchor rod body (1) and the spring compression amount is: Wherein, δ2 is the compression amount of the spring after F2 is applied, α″ is the angle value after the relative displacement change between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the anchor rod body (1) after F2 is applied, b is the length of the parallel contact between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52), and a is the length between the first wear-resistant steel plate (51) and the second wear-resistant steel plate (52).

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