System and method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient building

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for health monitoring and intelligent management of an ancient building. The method comprises the steps of traversing historic building information elements, researching health state influence factors, establishing a hierarchical system, constructing a component hierarchical database, configuring software and hardware and designing functions, developing an intelligent management platform, creating a building twinborn model, deploying test IoT equipment, deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection device, performing code combination and information mapping, and preprocessing platform data. And data feature extraction and analysis, evaluation and early warning, corresponding measure taking, and summarization and perfection are realized. The invention relates to the technical field of historic building protection, and can solve the problems that in the prior art, when monitoring equipment is installed, historic buildings are damaged, data processing and early warning are lacked, and the public participation degree of historic building protection is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ancient building protection, and in particular to a system and method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings. Background Art

[0002] As an important cultural heritage, ancient buildings have important historical, cultural and artistic values, and their protection is of vital importance. As time goes by, ancient buildings will be affected by various factors such as the natural environment and human factors, leading to aging of the building structure, disease, and even safety hazards. If these hidden dangers are not discovered and dealt with in time, the losses caused are immeasurable. Traditional manual inspections and regular testing methods have problems such as low efficiency, time-consuming and labor-intensive, high cost, untimely information, and many limitations. They cannot detect potential hidden dangers in time and are difficult to meet the needs of modern ancient building protection.

[0003] Most of the existing ancient building health monitoring methods only focus on data collection and storage, lack of data analysis and intelligent processing, and cannot effectively carry out early warning and management. The main shortcomings are as follows:

[0004] 1. The monitoring equipment in the prior art usually needs to be installed on the surface of ancient buildings, which will have a certain degree of impact on the appearance and structure of the ancient buildings, may destroy the original style of the ancient buildings, and may even pose a potential threat to the structural stability of the ancient buildings.

[0005] 2. The monitoring data may be affected by environmental factors, resulting in insufficient data accuracy and difficulty in accurately reflecting the true condition of the building. Moreover, most of the data obtained rely on manual analysis, and an effective early warning and emergency response mechanism has not yet been established, making it difficult to detect potential hidden dangers in a timely manner and resulting in low efficiency.

[0006] 3. The scope of participation in protection is mainly for professionals. There is a lack of public participation and guidance on protecting ancient buildings, resulting in insufficient public awareness of the protection of ancient buildings.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system and method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, which can solve the problems in the prior art of damage to ancient buildings during installation of monitoring equipment, lack of data processing and early warning, and low public participation in the protection of ancient buildings. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, which can solve the problems in the prior art of damage to ancient buildings during installation of monitoring equipment, lack of data processing and early warning, and low public participation in the protection of ancient buildings.

[0009] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0010] A method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the factors affecting the diachronic state of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their degree of influence;

[0012] Step 2: Establish a health status classification system for ancient buildings based on influencing factors and their degree of influence;

[0013] Step 3: Integrate various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database, adopt a hierarchical database design, and store static data and dynamic data in databases at different levels;

[0014] Step 4: Design software and hardware to implement functions based on influencing factors, use a combination of sensors, cameras, and drones to monitor the structure and environmental conditions of ancient buildings, and develop and manage networks;

[0015] Step 5: Design and develop a smart management platform based on the twin engine, connect various ports with cloud services, realize data storage, calculation and analysis, and form a data visualization dashboard;

[0016] Step 6: Use the forward and reverse combination method to establish the real-scene twin model of the target ancient building, and perform hierarchical conversion on the real-scene twin model according to the characteristics of the ancient building model;

[0017] Step 7: Deploy sensors according to the characteristics of the monitored ancient buildings, conduct networking tests, and use IoT devices to shield the devices and integrate them into the ancient buildings;

[0018] Step 8: Perform coding combination and information mapping based on the characteristics of the real-scene twin model, use the coding system to bind the sensor data to the real-scene twin model, and locate the data source;

[0019] Step 9: Select a suitable location around the ancient building, install the automatic start-stop device of the drone, use the drone equipped with RTK and visual recognition equipment, link with the drone control system, and autonomously control the drone to inspect the ancient building and expand the monitoring range;

[0020] Step 10: The monitoring data of the sensors and the inspection data collected by the drones are transmitted to the smart management platform, which cleans and pre-processes the collected monitoring data to eliminate noise and outliers;

[0021] Step 11: Perform feature extraction and pattern recognition on the cleaned and preprocessed data, and fuse them to generate a visual dashboard, which is connected to the protection threshold database. When the monitored data reaches each classification threshold, an early warning message is issued and corresponding early warning measures are responded to.

[0022] In step 1, the influencing factors include the construction age, materials, structure, usage environment, historical maintenance records, and changes in the surrounding environment of the ancient building. The influencing factors include: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, and humidity; human factors: changes in usage, inadequate maintenance, and surrounding environmental pollution; building factors themselves: material aging, structural defects, pests and diseases, and weathering.

[0023] In step 2, the health status of the ancient buildings is divided into the following four levels:

[0024] Level 1: normal, no obvious abnormalities, good condition;

[0025] Level 2: Warning, minor damage, with minor cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion in some areas;

[0026] Level 3: Dangerous, moderate damage, obvious structural problems, including large cracks and deformation;

[0027] Level 4: Emergency, severe damage, major safety hazards, urgent repair or reinforcement is required.

[0028] In step 3, the static data includes basic information of the ancient building, such as the construction age, materials, structure, and historical maintenance records; the dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data and environmental change records.

[0029] A system for a method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, comprising a terminal application device, an intelligent management platform, a monitoring device, a data transmission architecture and an equipment device; the monitoring device comprises a drone and a sensor component, the equipment device comprises a drone automatic start-stop barge device and an IoT device shielding device, the drone is arranged around the ancient building through the drone automatic start-stop barge device and inspects the ancient building, and the sensor component is integrated into the ancient building through the IoT device shielding device; the intelligent management platform is mounted on the terminal application device, and the intelligent management platform is connected to the drone and the sensor component through the data transmission architecture.

[0030] The terminal application devices include PC, mobile, and mini-programs developed on PC and / or mobile. Visitor user modules are expanded on the smart management platform, and back-end links are developed based on WeChat mini-programs. Visitor users experience virtual digital scenes through WeChat mini-programs. When visitors find that the real-time status of ancient buildings is abnormal, they can take photos and upload them through the mini-programs, describe the abnormal information of the real-time status, and provide protection suggestions.

[0031] The data transmission architecture includes Lora gateway, wireless routing, and broadband;

[0032] The sensor assembly includes a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, a static level, a crack meter, an inclinometer, an anemometer, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light sensor, and a camera.

[0033] The automatic start-stop shuttle device for unmanned aerial vehicles comprises a base, a corner column, a light box and a top plate, a helipad and a start-stop shuttle assembly; the corner column is vertically fixed on the base, the light box is fixed on the top of the corner column, the helipad can be lifted and embedded on the top of the light box, and the start-stop shuttle assembly is arranged in the light box and located below the helipad; a plurality of top plates are axially arranged at the top edge of the light box, and the plurality of top plates can be rotatably opened and closed by electric hinges to form a ridge-shaped top cover, and a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped top cover and the top surface of the light box, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is docked on the helipad in the cavity.

[0034] The start-stop shuttle assembly includes a wireless charging module and a weak-current control module; a control groove is formed on the top surface of the light box, and the helipad is liftably embedded in the control groove through a number of electric telescopic rods; the wireless charging module is embedded in the middle of the control groove, and the drone stops on the helipad lowered to the bottom of the control groove and is wirelessly charged through the wireless charging module; a number of weak-current control modules are respectively embedded in the control groove and located beside the wireless charging module.

[0035] The control slot is a rectangular structure, with drainage holes arranged at both ends of one diagonal of the rectangular structure, and weak-current wire holes for wiring the weak-current control module arranged at both ends of the other diagonal of the rectangular structure.

[0036] The method for controlling a drone to inspect ancient buildings by using the drone automatic start-stop barge device comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: Before the drone takes off, send a drone inspection request according to the preset procedure;

[0038] S2: Call external environment parameter information through the smart management platform to independently determine whether to take off. If yes, execute S3; if not, wait for a suitable inspection opportunity and return to S1;

[0039] S3: Start the inspection program and send a request for the drone to take off to the start-stop shuttle component;

[0040] S4: The start-stop barge component receives the request and opens each top plate of the ridge-shaped roof;

[0041] S5: After the ridge-shaped roof is fully opened, the electric telescopic rod is extended through the start-stop barge assembly to lift the apron and the drone up to the same level as the top surface of the light box;

[0042] S6: Start the drone and take off. After taking off, the drone controls the top panels to close to form a ridge-shaped roof. The drone conducts inspections according to the set route. When the drone performs the inspection task, the real-time data collected is transmitted to the smart management platform through the data transmission architecture.

[0043] S7: After the inspection, the drone flies back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof, and the ridge-shaped roof is opened;

[0044] S8: Locate the apron, adjust the attitude and land on the apron;

[0045] S9: Shut down the drone, and control the electric telescopic rod to retract through the weak current control module of the start-stop shuttle assembly, so that the helipad descends and the ridge-shaped roof is closed;

[0046] S10: Start the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module to power the drone autonomously;

[0047] S11: After charging is completed, the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module is turned off and the next inspection is waited for.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. Aiming at the field of ancient building protection and antique building health monitoring and management, the present invention has developed an intelligent management platform, established a data interaction mechanism between digital models and physical buildings, solved the difficult problem of real-time transmission and collaborative processing of effective data on the status of traditional buildings, realized data visualization and intelligent early warning, and provided strong support for the protection and inheritance of traditional culture. It is also applicable to the field of antique buildings.

[0050] 2. The present invention constructs a comprehensive and efficient ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management system by organically combining modules such as model management, data collection, data processing, intelligent identification, simulation analysis, visual management, early warning and terminal application; the system can not only optimize data flow and processing flow, but also improve the system's operating efficiency and response speed, making the monitoring and management of ancient buildings more accurate and timely. The multi-dimensional and all-round monitoring method based on sensors and drones can fully capture the slight changes of ancient buildings, ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring data, and provide a reliable source of information for subsequent analysis and early warning. The present invention designs a drone start-stop barge device and an autonomous inspection method with traditional forms, expands the monitoring range, not only improves the efficiency and safety of inspection work, but also avoids unnecessary interference to ancient buildings. Through automated monitoring and intelligent management, the accuracy of early warning is improved, potential risks are discovered in time, and the monitoring efficiency, early warning accuracy and management level of ancient buildings are effectively improved, providing scientific and efficient protection for the protection of ancient buildings. The present invention also develops a visitor mode based on the mini-program expansion for visual display to enhance management communication and public participation. The organic integration of various new technologies such as sensing, computing, and human-computer interaction has greatly enhanced the intelligent management capabilities of traditional buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1It is a flow chart of the method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a drone automatic start-stop barge device in a system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of opening the ridge-shaped roof and raising the helipad in the system for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of a barge of a drone automatic start-stop barge device in a system for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of a drone automatic start-stop barge device in a system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in the control tank of the system for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the inspection of drones in the system for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the system used for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to the present invention.

[0059] In the figure, 1 is a base, 2 is a corner column, 3 is a light box, 4 is a top plate, 41 is an electric hinge, 5 is a helipad, 6 is a wireless charging module, 7 is a weak current control module, 8 is a control slot, 81 is a drainage hole, 82 is a weak current wire hole, 9 is a drone, and 10 is an electric telescopic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Please see attached Figure 1 , a method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the factors affecting the diachronic status of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their degree of influence.

[0063] Specifically, we will conduct in-depth research on influencing factors such as the construction age, materials, structure, usage environment, historical maintenance records, and changes in the surrounding environment of ancient buildings, and analyze the long-term impact of these factors on ancient buildings.

[0064] Determine the influencing factors, which include but are not limited to: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc.; human factors: changes in usage, inadequate maintenance, surrounding environmental pollution, etc.; building factors: material aging, structural defects, pests and diseases, weathering, etc.

[0065] By analyzing various factors, a multi-factor influencing factor evaluation model for the health status of ancient buildings is established, the comprehensive safety performance of the building's historical state is quantitatively described, and autonomous correlation analysis of data between different parts and levels is achieved. An influencing factor coupling database is formed, and finally the influencing factors and their degree of influence are determined.

[0066] Step 2: Establish a health status classification system for ancient buildings based on influencing factors and degree of influence.

[0067] Preferably, the health status of ancient buildings is divided into the following four levels:

[0068] Level 1: Normal (indicated by green), no obvious abnormalities, good condition;

[0069] Level 2: Warning (in yellow), minor damage, localized minor cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion;

[0070] Level 3: Danger (indicated by red), moderate damage, with obvious structural problems, such as large cracks and deformations;

[0071] Level 4: Emergency (indicated by purple), severe damage, major safety hazards, and urgent repair or reinforcement is required.

[0072] Step 3: Integrate various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database. Use a hierarchical database design to store static data and dynamic data in databases at different levels to improve the performance and management efficiency of the ancient building protection database.

[0073] In order to improve the performance and management efficiency of the ancient building protection database and ensure the rapid reading and updating of data, the database layering design of the existing technology is adopted to layer the ancient building protection database, which is used to store static data and dynamic data respectively.

[0074] Among them, static data includes basic information of ancient buildings, such as construction age, materials, structure, historical maintenance records, etc.; dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data, environmental change records, etc.

[0075] Step 4: Design the hardware and software functions of the device for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings based on the influencing factors, use a combination of sensors, cameras, drones and other equipment to monitor the structure and environmental conditions of ancient buildings, and develop and manage the network.

[0076] Preferably, the structural monitoring of the ancient building can be achieved by using: strain gauges, displacement sensors, static leveling instruments, etc.;

[0077] The surrounding environment monitoring of ancient buildings can be achieved by using temperature sensors, humidity sensors, wind sensors, light sensors, etc.

[0078] The vibration and air pollution monitoring of ancient buildings can be realized by using vibration sensors, gas sensors, etc.

[0079] Cameras for monitoring the appearance of ancient buildings can be: visual recognition cameras, infrared cameras, etc., which are used to record changes in the appearance of buildings and judge their behavior;

[0080] Drones can be used to expand the monitoring range of ancient buildings: they can be used for aerial photography and inspections to obtain more comprehensive information.

[0081] The monitoring equipment for ancient buildings can be adaptively selected according to actual monitoring needs.

[0082] Step 5: Design and develop an intelligent management platform based on the twin engine, connect various ports with cloud services, realize data storage, calculation and analysis, improve system processing capabilities, and form a data visualization dashboard.

[0083] Use cloud services to connect various ports in series, use the WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) platform to obtain JSON data through URL (uniform resource locator), perform data filtering and data mapping, realize data storage, calculation and analysis, and form a data visualization dashboard to more intuitively display the data analysis results. By improving the system processing capability, it ensures the efficient processing of large amounts of data and realizes the real-time transmission of monitoring data.

[0084] The twin engine is a commonly used tool for data platform development. The development process of the smart management platform will not be described here. The management functions of the smart management platform can be adaptively developed according to actual usage requirements, for example:

[0085] Model management: mainly includes functions such as model uploading, model viewing, model updating, and component attribute information modification of the real-life twin model of the ancient building.

[0086] Data collection: By connecting the ports of various sensors, various monitoring data of ancient buildings are collected, including environmental data, structural data, material data, image data, etc.

[0087] Equipment management: Manage IoT equipment shielding devices, control autonomous take-off and landing, shuttle, inspection, status monitoring, wireless charging, etc. of drones.

[0088] Data management: For the management and data processing of the ancient building protection database, the ancient building protection database contains damage characteristics and thresholds, early warning classification system, measures and suggestions, etc.; data processing processes, analyzes and mines the collected data to extract key information, including data cleaning, data conversion, feature extraction, data modeling and other functions.

[0089] Intelligent identification: Identify various features of ancient buildings, such as cracks, corrosion, deformation, etc., classify, count and analyze the identification results using existing image recognition, deep learning and other technologies, automatically identify the diseases of ancient buildings, and use automated machine recognition methods to improve monitoring efficiency and reduce human errors.

[0090] Behavior monitoring: Use existing technologies such as video surveillance and behavior prediction to identify potential risks.

[0091] Monitoring and analysis: Conduct simulation analysis on ancient buildings based on monitoring data to predict their status changes under different conditions.

[0092] Autonomous early warning: Based on monitoring data and analysis results, early warning information and its warning level will be issued in a timely manner when the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, and corresponding protective treatment measures can be taken according to different warning levels.

[0093] Visual management: Use various visualization tools such as charts, maps, models, etc. in existing technologies to visualize the health status of ancient buildings, and also embed virtual display scenes such as AR.

[0094] User management: It is divided into system administrators, professional maintenance personnel accounts (maintenance accounts) and external customer accounts (guest accounts). The maintenance accounts can manage all functions according to permissions. The guest accounts are used for external customers to experience visual functions such as virtual displays, provide suggestions and report problems, and increase public participation in protection.

[0095] Step 6: Use the forward and reverse combination method to establish a real-life twin model of the target ancient building, and convert the real-life twin model into hierarchical levels according to the characteristics of the ancient building model.

[0096] Preferably, a hierarchical data structure, such as a tree structure, can be used to facilitate management and calling, and compression technology can be used to reduce the storage space and computational complexity of the real-scene twin model, thereby improving loading speed and storage efficiency.

[0097] Step 7: Deploy sensors according to the characteristics of the monitored ancient buildings, conduct networking tests, and use IoT devices to shield the devices from being integrated into the ancient buildings.

[0098] According to the structural characteristics and monitoring requirements of the ancient buildings, the sensors are arranged reasonably. The number and type of sensors can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual monitoring needs. The sensors are installed in the IoT device shielding device and hidden in the ancient buildings and their environment through the IoT device shielding device, and ensure that each sensor can fully cover the key parts of the ancient buildings that need to be monitored. The IoT (Internet of Things) device shielding device is used to integrate sensors and related equipment into the ancient buildings to avoid affecting the structure, appearance and environmental atmosphere of the ancient buildings. Network testing is carried out to ensure the stability and accuracy of data transmission.

[0099] In the selection of sensors, according to the different monitoring data required, choose low-power sensors with high precision, stability and anti-interference, and set a suitable sampling mechanism (such as setting a threshold to start the transmission signal when the value change exceeds the normal range). This can capture key changes without causing data redundancy and saving energy.

[0100] When installing the sensor, try to install it in a location that is not easily discovered to avoid affecting the aesthetics of the building.

[0101] In terms of the installation method of the sensor, combined with the design of the IoT device shielding device, materials similar to those of ancient buildings are selected and supplemented with classical design elements to enhance the overall coordination with the ancient buildings. Removable connection methods such as clamps and buckles are used to facilitate maintenance and replacement.

[0102] Finally, the existing technology of one-point-multiple-star Lora gateway was used for networking development to build a high-speed and reliable network infrastructure to ensure the real-time transmission and centralized processing of monitoring data collected by sensors. At the same time, a complete sensor management system was established to regularly maintain and calibrate sensors to ensure data accuracy and reliability.

[0103] The real-life twin model constitutes a virtual entity of the ancient building. The real-life twin model includes the model of the ancient building, sensor model, etc.

[0104] Step 8: Perform coding combination and information mapping based on the characteristics of the real-scene twin model, use the coding system to bind the sensor data to the real-scene twin model, and locate the data source.

[0105] Specifically, according to the characteristics of ancient buildings, after the real-life twin model is hierarchically converted (such as wall model, beam-column model, etc.), a unique ID is assigned to each component through a coding system, using coding combination and information mapping technology. The sensor data is bound to the real-life twin model so that it can realize the positioning mapping of monitoring data on the smart management platform, facilitating the visualization analysis and positioning of monitoring data, for example: mapping temperature sensor data to the wall model to display the temperature distribution of the wall; mapping displacement sensor data to the beam-column model to display the deformation of the beam and column.

[0106] Step 9: Select a suitable location around the ancient building, install the automatic start-stop device of the drone, use the drone equipped with RTK (Real-time kinematic) and visual recognition equipment, and link it with the drone control system to autonomously control the drone to conduct high-precision inspections of the ancient building and expand the monitoring range.

[0107] The drone is equipped with existing RTK and visual recognition equipment, wireless control systems, etc., for monitoring data and control command interaction. The wireless control system can be linked with the smart management platform through a wireless network to achieve automatic control, data transmission and analysis of the drone.

[0108] RTK and visual recognition equipment collect high-precision images of ancient buildings and their surroundings, and identify target objects in the images, for example, changes in the appearance of ancient buildings, including cracks, shedding, deformation, etc. At the same time, it is linked with the control system of the drone to autonomously control the drone inspection, expand the monitoring range and viewing angle, and improve the inspection efficiency.

[0109] Step 10: The monitoring data of the sensors and the inspection data collected by the drones are transmitted to the smart management platform. The smart management platform cleans and preprocesses the collected monitoring data to eliminate noise and outliers and improve the quality of the monitoring data.

[0110] Preferably, data processing rules can be pre-set to clean and pre-process the collected data, remove noise and duplicate data, etc., and improve data quality. And identify and process abnormal values ​​in the data, such as abnormal data caused by sensor failure. Perform operations such as conversion and standardization on the data, extract key feature information, and perform dimensionality reduction processing to improve data analysis efficiency and provide accurate and reliable data for subsequent analysis.

[0111] Step 11: Perform feature extraction and pattern recognition on the cleaned and preprocessed data, and fuse them to generate a visual dashboard, which is connected to the protection threshold database. When the monitored data reaches each classification threshold, an early warning message is issued and corresponding early warning measures are responded to.

[0112] Extract key feature values ​​from the preprocessed data, compare and analyze with the protection threshold database, identify the changing trend and potential risks of the health status of ancient buildings, and when the monitored data reaches each classification threshold, the system will automatically respond to the corresponding early warning measures. At the same time, the analysis results are integrated to generate a visual dashboard, presenting the monitoring data in the form of charts, maps, models, etc., to intuitively display the health status and early warning information of ancient buildings.

[0113] Early warning information is provided through the PC and mobile terminals of the smart management platform, and disposal measures are proposed based on the database to achieve timely early warning and intervention, ensuring the health monitoring effect of ancient buildings. Through intelligent control of ventilation, lighting, temperature, etc. of ancient buildings, environmental conditions can be improved and building aging can be delayed. Existing VR / AR technology can also be used to simulate repair plans to reduce repair costs and risks.

[0114] The early warning information and its early warning measures are summarized and improved, and the summarized and improved information is used as the optimization data for data cleaning and preprocessing operations of the smart management platform. The internal loop of the project is optimized based on deep neural network learning technology to improve the accuracy of subsequent ancient building monitoring and inspections.

[0115] Please see attached Figure 8 A system for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, including terminal application equipment, an intelligent management platform, monitoring equipment, a data transmission architecture and equipment devices; the monitoring equipment includes a drone and a sensor component, the equipment device includes a drone automatic start-stop barge device and an IoT device shielding device, the drone is arranged around the ancient building through the drone automatic start-stop barge device and inspects the ancient building, and the sensor component is integrated into the ancient building through the IoT device shielding device; the intelligent management platform is mounted on the terminal application device, and the intelligent management platform is connected to the drone and the sensor component through the data transmission architecture.

[0116] Preferably, the terminal application device can adopt the existing PC terminal, mobile terminals such as smart phones, and small programs developed on PC terminals and / or mobile terminals. Expand the visitor user module on the smart management platform, develop back-end links based on WeChat small programs, and tourist users can experience virtual digital scenes through WeChat small programs to promote the dissemination of traditional culture and enhance interactivity; when tourists find that the real-time status of ancient buildings is abnormal, they can take photos and upload them through the small program and describe the information of the abnormal real-time status, and can also provide protection suggestions to increase the public's participation in the protection of ancient buildings.

[0117] Preferably, the data transmission architecture can adopt the existing Lora gateway, wireless routing, broadband, etc.

[0118] Preferably, the sensor components include but are not limited to strain gauges, displacement sensors, static levels, crack meters, inclinometers, anemometers, thermometers, hygrometers, light sensors, cameras, etc.

[0119] The architecture of the system mainly includes: model management module, data acquisition module, drone control module, data management module, intelligent recognition module, behavior monitoring module, simulation analysis module, early warning module, visualization management module, early warning module, and terminal application module.

[0120] Model management module, the main functions of this module include model uploading, model viewing, model updating, component attribute information modification, etc., to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model and provide basic data for other module applications of the system.

[0121] The data acquisition module is used to collect various data of ancient buildings, including environmental data, structural data, material data, image data, etc. The collected data is pre-processed and stored to provide a basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making;

[0122] The drone control module is mainly used to control the autonomous take-off and landing, barge, inspection, status monitoring, wireless charging, safety protection and other functions of the drone, expand the scope of data collection and ensure the comprehensiveness of the data;

[0123] The data management module is used for the management and data processing of the ancient building protection database. The database contains damage characteristics and thresholds, early warning classification system, and measures and suggestions. The data processing module processes, analyzes and mines the collected data to extract key information, including data cleaning, data conversion, feature extraction, data modeling and other functions.

[0124] Intelligent recognition module, used to identify various features of ancient buildings, such as cracks, corrosion, deformation, etc., and classify, count and analyze the recognition results using image recognition, deep learning and other technologies, automatically identify the diseases of ancient buildings, improve detection efficiency and reduce human errors;

[0125] Image recognition and neural network deep learning technology are both commonly used feature extraction and analysis methods in this field. Their processing process will not be described here. They can replace manual data processing and analysis to identify the diseases of ancient buildings and ensure accuracy and reimbursement type.

[0126] Behavior monitoring module, used to monitor the activities of people around ancient buildings, etc. Use video monitoring, behavior prediction and other technologies to identify potential risks;

[0127] The simulation analysis module is used to simulate and analyze ancient buildings and predict their state changes under different conditions. It mainly focuses on the structure, material performance, environmental impact, etc., to evaluate the health status of ancient buildings and provide a reference for maintenance and restoration;

[0128] The early warning module is used to issue early warning information in a timely manner based on monitoring data and analysis results, remind relevant personnel to pay attention to potential risks in a timely manner, and take different measures according to the warning level;

[0129] Visual management module is used to visualize the health status of ancient buildings. It provides various visualization tools such as charts, maps, and models. It is convenient for users to intuitively understand the health status of ancient buildings, identify problems in time, and take measures;

[0130] The terminal application module is used to provide ports such as mobile terminals, PC terminals and mini-programs, so that users can query, manage and operate anytime and anywhere, and realize convenient use of system functions. It supports various functions such as data viewing, alarm reminders, model display, remote control, etc.

[0131] Please see attached Figure 2 To Attachment Figure 5 The automatic start-stop shuttle device for unmanned aerial vehicles comprises a base 1, a corner column 2, a light box 3 and a top plate 4, a helipad 5 and a start-stop shuttle assembly; the corner column 2 is vertically fixed on the base 1, the light box 3 is fixed on the top of the corner column 2, the helipad 5 can be lifted and embedded on the top of the light box 3, and the start-stop shuttle assembly is arranged on the light box 3 and located below the helipad 5; a plurality of top plates 4 are axially arranged at the top edge of the light box 3, and a plurality of top plates 4 can be rotatably opened and closed by electric hinges 41 to form a ridge-shaped top cover, and a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped top cover and the top surface of the light box 3, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 is docked on the helipad 5 in the cavity.

[0132] Preferably, three electric hinges 41 may be arranged at equal intervals on each top plate 4, and the number of electric hinges 41 may be adjusted according to the size of the top plate 4. The corner column 2 may be a hollow box corner column, which is used to arrange wiring pipes, drainage pipes, etc. and introduce them into the ground.

[0133] The entire drone automatic start-stop barge device is presented in the form of a tower light box, which can be integrated into the traditional environment of ancient buildings as a landscape piece. Traditional carving patterns can be set on the surface of the light box, etc. It can also adopt other presentation forms according to the actual environment of the ancient building, such as traditional elements such as rockery, sculptures, flower stands, or adopt diversified designs to enrich the aesthetics, so that it can ensure the parking and endurance functions of the drone 9 without destroying the traditional environment of the ancient building.

[0134] Similar to the automatic start-stop barge device for drones, the IoT device shielding device can also adopt designs that integrate with the traditional environment of ancient buildings, such as carvings, stone carvings, and tower-type light boxes, so that it can be integrated with the ancient buildings and minimize the impact on the traditional environment atmosphere of the ancient buildings. At the same time, the IoT device shielding device and the automatic start-stop barge device for drones have good waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant properties to ensure that sensors, drones, etc. can work normally.

[0135] Please see attached Figure 6 The start-stop shuttle assembly includes a wireless charging module 6 and a weak current control module 7; a control slot 8 is formed on the top surface of the light box 3, and the helipad 5 is liftably embedded in the control slot 8 through a plurality of electric telescopic rods 10; the wireless charging module 6 is embedded in the middle of the control slot 8, and the drone 9 is docked on the helipad 5 that has been lowered to the bottom of the control slot 8 and is wirelessly charged through the wireless charging module 6; a plurality of weak current control modules 7 are respectively embedded in the control slot 8 and are located beside the wireless charging module 6.

[0136] Preferably, the apron 5 can be made of acrylic material. When the apron 5 is lowered to fit with the wireless charging module 6, the wireless charging module 6 can charge the drone 9, shortening the charging distance to the greatest extent and reducing energy loss. The wireless charging module 6 uses a secondary coupling wireless charging device and uses electromagnetic shielding materials to reduce the impact on other components.

[0137] Preferably, a power management module can be provided in the control slot 8, which provides a stable power supply for the automatic start-stop barge device of the drone, ensures the normal operation of the automatic start-stop barge device of the drone, and can automatically cut off the power in the event of sudden adverse conditions to reduce losses.

[0138] Preferably, the weak current control module 7 serves as the control center of the automatic start and stop shuttle device of the drone, integrating the wireless network and the control units of each device, capable of realizing signal transmission and reception, and controlling the start and stop of four groups (twelve) electric hinges 41, one group (four) electric telescopic rods 10 and the wireless charging module 6.

[0139] Please see attached Figure 6 Preferably, the control slot 8 is a rectangular structure, and drainage holes 81 are respectively arranged at both ends of one diagonal line of the rectangular structure, and weak current wire holes 82 for wiring the weak current control module 7 are respectively arranged at both ends of the other diagonal line of the rectangular structure.

[0140] The drainage hole 81 can be used to drain the water in the control tank 8 to prevent water accumulation, thereby ensuring the safety of the drone 9 and charging.

[0141] Please see attached Figure 7 The method of controlling the drone 9 to inspect the ancient building by the drone automatic start-stop barge device comprises the following steps:

[0142] S1: Before the drone 9 takes off, a drone inspection request is sent according to a preset procedure.

[0143] S2: Call external environmental parameter information, such as weather and surrounding conditions, through the smart management platform to independently determine whether to take off. If so, execute S3; if not, wait for a suitable inspection opportunity and return to S1.

[0144] S3: Start the inspection program and send a take-off request to the start-stop shuttle component for the drone 9.

[0145] S4: The start-stop barge assembly receives the request and opens each top plate 4 of the ridge-shaped roof.

[0146] Preferably, the ridge-shaped roof is composed of four top panels 4, which are respectively recorded as top panel A, top panel B, top panel C and top panel D in counterclockwise direction. The electric hinge 41 of each top panel 4 is controlled to rotate by the weak current control module 7 to open the top panel 4, and the opening order is: top panel A→top panel C→top panel B→top panel D.

[0147] S5: After the ridge-shaped roof is fully opened, the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop barge assembly controls the electric telescopic rod 10 to extend, and the helipad 5 and the drone 9 are raised to be flush with the top surface of the light box 3 to expand the parking space.

[0148] The operation process of S4 and S5 is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0149] S6: Start the drone 9 and take off. After taking off, the drone 9 controls the top panels 4 to close to form a ridge-shaped roof. The drone 9 performs inspections according to the set route. When the drone 9 performs the inspection task, the real-time data collected is transmitted to the smart management platform through the data transmission architecture.

[0150] Preferably, the closing order of each top plate 4 is: top plate D→top plate B→top plate C→top plate A. A rubber sealing strip can be provided at the edge of the top plate 4, so that two adjacent top plates 4 can be sealed and closed by the sealing strip to form a first waterproof layer. A ridge pressure top can be provided on the top of the top plate A to press and fix the top gaps of the four top plates 4 to form a second waterproof layer. The double waterproofing ensures the sealing and waterproof performance of the ridge-shaped roof.

[0151] S7: After the inspection, the drone 9 flies back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof, and the ridge-shaped roof is opened.

[0152] Specifically, the drone 9 sends a landing signal to the start-stop shuttle assembly, and the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop shuttle assembly controls the four top panels 4 to rotate and open through the electric hinges 41, so that the ridge-shaped roof is opened. The opening process is the same as S4 and will not be repeated here.

[0153] S8: Accurately locate the apron 5, adjust the attitude and land on the apron 5.

[0154] The visual recognition system carried by the drone 9 can accurately identify the position of the apron 5 and accurately locate the parking position. The drone 9 continuously adjusts its flight attitude during the landing process to achieve a smooth and accurate landing at the parking position in the center of the apron 5.

[0155] S9: Shut down the drone 9, and control the electric telescopic rod 10 to retract through the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop shuttle assembly, so that the helipad 5 is lowered and the ridge-shaped roof cover is closed.

[0156] After the drone 9 stops steadily and shuts down, the helipad 5 is lowered to be close to the wireless charging module 6, shortening the wireless charging distance to ensure the subsequent effective and efficient charging of the drone 9.

[0157] S10: Start the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module 6 to supply power to the drone 9 autonomously.

[0158] During the charging process, the management program of the weak current control module 7 can be used to evaluate the power level of the drone 9, and the wireless charging module 6 can be automatically shut down after it is fully charged.

[0159] S11: After charging is completed, the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module 6 is turned off and the next inspection is waited for.

[0160] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the factors affecting the diachronic state of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their degree of influence; Step 2: Establish a health status classification system for ancient buildings based on influencing factors and their degree of influence; Step 3: Integrate various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database, adopt a hierarchical database design, and store static data and dynamic data in databases at different levels; Step 4: Design software and hardware to implement functions based on influencing factors, use a combination of sensors, cameras, and drones to monitor the structure and environmental conditions of ancient buildings, and develop and manage networks; Step 5: Design and develop a smart management platform based on the twin engine, connect various ports with cloud services, realize data storage, calculation and analysis, and form a data visualization dashboard; Step 6: Use the forward and reverse combination method to establish the real-scene twin model of the target ancient building, and perform hierarchical conversion on the real-scene twin model according to the characteristics of the ancient building model; Step 7: Deploy sensors according to the characteristics of the monitored ancient buildings, conduct networking tests, and use IoT devices to shield the devices and integrate them into the ancient buildings; Step 8: Perform coding combination and information mapping based on the characteristics of the real-scene twin model, use the coding system to bind the sensor data to the real-scene twin model, and locate the data source; Step 9: Select a suitable location around the ancient building, install the automatic start-stop device of the drone, use the drone equipped with RTK and visual recognition equipment, link with the drone control system, and autonomously control the drone to inspect the ancient building and expand the monitoring range; Step 10: The monitoring data of the sensors and the inspection data collected by the drones are transmitted to the smart management platform, which cleans and pre-processes the collected monitoring data to eliminate noise and outliers; Step 11: Perform feature extraction and pattern recognition on the cleaned and preprocessed data, and fuse them to generate a visual dashboard, which is connected to the protection threshold database. When the monitored data reaches each classification threshold, an early warning message is issued and corresponding early warning measures are responded to.

2. The method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the influencing factors include the construction age, materials, structure, usage environment, historical maintenance records, and changes in the surrounding environment of the ancient building. The influencing factors include: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, and humidity; human factors: changes in usage, inadequate maintenance, and surrounding environmental pollution; building factors themselves: material aging, structural defects, pests and diseases, and weathering.

3. The method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the health status of the ancient buildings is divided into the following four levels: Level 1: normal, no obvious abnormalities, good condition; Level 2: Warning, minor damage, with minor cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion in some areas; Level 3: Dangerous, moderate damage, obvious structural problems, including large cracks and deformation; Level 4: Emergency, severe damage, major safety hazards, urgent repair or reinforcement is required.

4. The method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the static data includes basic information of the ancient building, such as the construction age, materials, structure, and historical maintenance records; the dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data and environmental change records.

5. A system using the method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes terminal application equipment, smart management platform, monitoring equipment, data transmission architecture and equipment devices; the monitoring equipment includes drones and sensor components, and the equipment devices include drone automatic start-stop barge devices and IoT device shielding devices. The drones are deployed around the ancient buildings through the drone automatic start-stop barge devices to inspect the ancient buildings, and the sensor components are integrated into the ancient buildings through the IoT device shielding devices; The smart management platform is installed on the terminal application device, and is connected to the drone and sensor components through a data transmission architecture.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The terminal application devices include PC, mobile, and mini-programs developed on PC and / or mobile. Visitor user modules are expanded on the smart management platform, and back-end links are developed based on WeChat mini-programs. Visitor users experience virtual digital scenes through WeChat mini-programs. When visitors find that the real-time status of ancient buildings is abnormal, they can take photos and upload them through the mini-programs, describe the abnormal information of the real-time status, and provide protection suggestions. The data transmission architecture includes Lora gateway, wireless routing, and broadband; The sensor assembly includes a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, a static level, a crack meter, an inclinometer, an anemometer, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light sensor, and a camera.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic start-stop shuttle device for unmanned aerial vehicles comprises a base (1), a corner column (2), a light box (3) and a top plate (4), a helipad (5) and a start-stop shuttle assembly; the corner column (2) is vertically fixed on the base (1), the light box (3) is fixed on the top of the corner column (2), the helipad (5) is liftably embedded on the top of the light box (3), and the start-stop shuttle assembly is arranged on the light box (3) and located below the helipad (5); a plurality of top plates (4) are axially arranged at the top edge of the light box (3), and the plurality of top plates (4) can be rotatably opened and closed by electric hinges (41) to form a ridge-shaped top cover, and a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped top cover and the top surface of the light box (3), and the unmanned aerial vehicle (9) is docked on the helipad (5) in the cavity.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The start-stop shuttle assembly comprises a wireless charging module (6) and a weak current control module (7); a control slot (8) is formed on the top surface of the light box (3); a helipad (5) is liftably embedded in the control slot (8) via a plurality of electric telescopic rods (10); the wireless charging module (6) is embedded in the middle of the control slot (8); the drone (9) docks on the helipad (5) that has been lowered to the bottom of the control slot (8) and is wirelessly charged via the wireless charging module (6); a plurality of weak current control modules (7) are respectively embedded in the control slot (8) and are located beside the wireless charging module (6).

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control slot (8) is a rectangular structure, with drainage holes (81) respectively arranged at both ends of one diagonal line of the rectangular structure, and weak current wire holes (82) for wiring the weak current control module (7) respectively arranged at both ends of the other diagonal line of the rectangular structure.

10. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for controlling a drone (9) to inspect ancient buildings by the drone automatic start-stop barge device comprises the following steps: S1: before the drone (9) takes off, a drone inspection request is sent according to a preset procedure; S2: Call external environment parameter information through the smart management platform to independently determine whether to take off. If yes, execute S3; if not, wait for a suitable inspection opportunity and return to S1; S3: Start the inspection program and send a request for the drone (9) to take off to the start-stop shuttle component; S4: the start-stop barge assembly receives the request and opens each top plate (4) of the ridge-shaped roof; S5: After the ridge-shaped roof is fully opened, the electric telescopic rod (10) is extended by controlling the start-stop barge assembly to lift the helipad (5) and the drone (9) up to the level with the top surface of the light box (3); S6: starting the drone (9) and taking off. After the drone (9) takes off, it controls the top plates (4) to close to form a ridge-shaped roof. The drone (9) performs inspections according to the set route. When the drone (9) performs the inspection task, it transmits the collected real-time data to the intelligent management platform through the data transmission architecture; S7: After the inspection is completed, the drone (9) flies back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof, and the ridge-shaped roof is opened; S8: Position the apron (5), adjust the attitude and land on the apron (5); S9: shut down the drone (9), control the electric telescopic rod (10) to retract through the weak current control module (7) of the start-stop shuttle assembly, so that the helipad (5) descends and the ridge-shaped roof cover is closed; S10: starting the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module (6) to autonomously power the drone (9); S11: After charging is completed, the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module (6) is turned off and the next inspection is waited for.

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