A miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems

Abstract

The application discloses a miniaturized directional antenna for a VDES system and belongs to the antenna field.The miniaturized directional antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first metal patch and a second metal patch are arranged on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate respectively.The first metal patch comprises a first main patch and a first bending arm, and the first main patch and the first bending arm are connected and oppositely bent.The second metal patch comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, and the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and oppositely bent.The first main patch and the second main patch are oppositely arranged, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are symmetrically arranged.The first main patch and the second main patch are electrically connected with a feeding structure, so that the antenna is more convenient to install and use.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a miniaturized directional antenna for a VDES system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is an enhanced and upgraded version of the automatic identification system (AIS), integrates the existing AIS functions, and adds special application messages and wideband very high frequency data exchange functions, which can effectively alleviate the pressure of existing AIS data communication, and meet the needs of all data exchange services between ships, shore, satellites, and shore-to-satellite, and belongs to the third generation of maritime communication systems.

[0003] As a device for sending and receiving electromagnetic waves, the antenna plays an important communication role in the VDES system. Common antennas in the VDES system include very high frequency (VHF) antennas, directional antennas, etc. Usually, the directional antenna in the VDES system is a Yagi antenna, which has the advantages of high gain and good directional radiation performance. When communicating through the Yagi antenna, the stability of signal transmission and communication quality can be improved. However, the volume and weight of the traditional Yagi antenna are large, which is not convenient for installation and use. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a miniaturized directional antenna for a VDES system. The technical problem to be solved by the present application is solved by the following technical scheme:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a miniaturized directional antenna for a VDES system, which comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first metal patch and a second metal patch are respectively arranged on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate; the first metal patch comprises a first main patch and a first bending arm, and the first main patch and the first bending arm are connected and relatively bent; the second metal patch comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, and the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and relatively bent, the first main patch and the second main patch are oppositely arranged, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are symmetrically arranged; the first main patch and the second main patch are both used for electrically connecting with a feeding structure.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present application, the first bending arm comprises a horizontal segment, a first inclined segment, a second inclined segment, a third inclined segment and an extension segment connected in sequence, the horizontal segment and the first inclined segment are relatively bent, the first inclined segment and the second inclined segment are relatively bent, and the third inclined segment and the extension segment are relatively bent; the first main patch is a strip-shaped patch, the strip-shaped patch is connected with the horizontal segment and the included angle between them is a right angle.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present application, the included angle between the first inclined segment and the horizontal segment is a first included angle, the first included angle is 125°-135°, the included angle between the first inclined segment and the second inclined segment is a second included angle, the second included angle is 80°-90°; the included angle between the second inclined segment and the third inclined segment is the same as the second included angle, the included angle between the third inclined segment and the extension segment is the same as the first included angle, and the first inclined segment and the third inclined segment are parallel to each other.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present application, the length of the horizontal segment is 45mm-50mm, the length of the first inclined segment is 85mm-95mm, the length of the second inclined segment is 95mm-105mm, the length of the third inclined segment is 45mm-50mm, the length of the extension segment is 95mm-105mm, and the length of the strip-shaped patch is 375mm-385mm.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, the first bending arm further comprises a capacitive arm, the capacitive arm and the strip-shaped patch are parallel to each other, and one end of the extension segment is connected to the middle position of the capacitive arm.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the shape of the second metal patch is the same as that of the first metal patch, and the size of the second metal patch is equal to that of the first metal patch.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, a first cavity for reducing the weight of the medium substrate is formed on the medium substrate, and the first metal patch surrounds the outer periphery of the first cavity; a second cavity for reducing the weight of the medium substrate is also formed on the medium substrate, and the second metal patch surrounds the outer periphery of the second cavity.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, a director is further provided on the medium substrate, the director and the first metal patch are located on the same plane and are coupled.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, a metal ground plate is further provided on the medium substrate, the metal ground plate and the second metal patch are located on the same plane; the metal ground plate comprises a main plate body and two metal branches, the two metal branches are respectively connected to the two ends of the main plate body and are symmetrically arranged.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present application, a microstrip line for feeding the first main patch and the second main patch is further provided.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In the above scheme of the application, the directional antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first metal patch and a second metal patch are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate. In this way, signal transmission is performed through the two metal patches, which can improve the directivity and radiation efficiency of the directional antenna, and thus improve the performance of the directional antenna. The first metal patch comprises a first main patch and a first bending arm, and the first main patch and the first bending arm are connected and oppositely bent. The second metal patch comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, and the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and oppositely bent. The first main patch and the second main patch are oppositely arranged, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are symmetrically arranged. The first main patch and the second main patch are both used for electrical connection with a feeding structure. With this structure, the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both bending structures, so that the current path in the antenna can be effectively lengthened by using the meander technology, the effective length of the antenna is increased, and the working frequency of the antenna can be maintained unchanged when the size of the antenna is small. Therefore, the antenna can meet the design requirement of miniaturization, and the volume and weight of the antenna can be reduced compared with the traditional Yagi antenna, so that the antenna is more convenient to install and use.

[0017] In addition, when the first metal patch and the second metal patch are arranged on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate respectively, the first metal patch and the second metal patch can be arranged to be non-coplanar, so that a phase difference can be formed between the first metal patch and the second metal patch. Therefore, a phase shifter does not need to be additionally arranged to change the phase difference between the first metal patch and the second metal patch, so as to further improve the convenience of installation and use of the antenna.

[0018] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the miniaturized directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a front view of the miniaturized directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a rear view of the miniaturized directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

[0022] Figure 4 is a simulation curve diagram of the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the embodiment of the application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a simulation curve diagram of the E-plane and H-plane normalized levels of the antenna in the embodiment of the application;

[0024] Figure 6 is a directional diagram of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Reference signs: 1 - dielectric substrate, 2 - first metal patch, 21 - first main patch, 22 - horizontal segment, 23 - first inclined segment, 24 - second inclined segment, 25 - third inclined segment, 26 - extension segment, 27 - capacitive arm, 3 - second metal patch, 4 - first cavity, 5 - second cavity, 6 - director, 7 - metal ground plane, 71 - main plate body, 72 - metal branch, 8 - microstrip line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the embodiment of the present application provides a miniaturized directional antenna for VDES system, comprising a dielectric substrate 1, a first metal patch 2 and a second metal patch 3 are respectively arranged on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1; the first metal patch 2 comprises a first main patch 21 and a first bending arm, the first main patch 21 and the first bending arm are connected and relatively bent; the second metal patch 3 comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and relatively bent, the first main patch 21 and the second main patch are oppositely arranged, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are symmetrically arranged; the first main patch 21 and the second main patch are both used for electrically connecting with a feed structure.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned directional antenna of the embodiment is a microstrip quasi-Yagi antenna, which is a classic directional antenna, combining the advantages of microstrip antenna and Yagi antenna, having high gain, good directional radiation characteristics, light weight, low profile, small scattering cross section and other advantages, and has been widely used in satellite communication, spectrum environment detection, weapon fuze and other fields.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the above-mentioned dielectric substrate 1 is 700 mm, the height is 550 mm, and the width is 4 mm; the shape of the dielectric substrate 1 is hexagonal, the relative dielectric constant is 2.65, the dielectric loss tangent is 0.001, and the material itself is F4B material. The F4B material is a composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which has very low dielectric constant and loss tangent value.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the included angle between the first main patch 21 and the first bending arm is less than 180°, and the included angle between the first main patch 21 and the first bending arm can be one of a right angle, an acute angle and an obtuse angle.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the included angle between the second main patch and the second bending arm is less than 180°, and the included angle between the second main patch and the second bending arm can be one of a right angle, an acute angle and an obtuse angle.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the dielectric substrate 1 comprises a front surface and a back surface, the first metal patch 2 is arranged on the front surface, and the second metal patch 3 is arranged on the back surface.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, the symmetrical arrangement of the first bending arm and the second bending arm means that the projection of the first bending arm on the back surface and the second bending arm are symmetrical with respect to a symmetry plane, the symmetry plane is perpendicular to the back surface and is located at the middle position of the first main patch 21. That is, the included angle between the first bending arm and the first main patch 21 is equal to the included angle between the second bending arm and the second main patch.

[0034] In the above-mentioned scheme of the present application, the directional antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, and the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a first metal patch 2 and a second metal patch 3 on two side surfaces thereof. In this way, signal transmission is performed through the two metal patches, which can improve the directivity and radiation efficiency of the directional antenna, and thus improve the performance of the directional antenna. The first metal patch 2 comprises a first main patch 21 and a first bending arm, and the first main patch 21 and the first bending arm are connected and relatively bent. The second metal patch 3 comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, and the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and relatively bent. The first main patch 21 and the second main patch are arranged oppositely, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are arranged symmetrically. The first main patch 21 and the second main patch are both used for electrical connection with a feeding structure. With this structure, the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3 are both in a bending structure, so that the current path in the antenna can be effectively lengthened by using the meander technology, the effective length of the antenna is increased, the working frequency of the antenna can be maintained unchanged when the size of the antenna is small, so that the antenna can meet the design requirement of miniaturization. Compared with the traditional Yagi antenna, the above-mentioned directional antenna of the present application can reduce the volume and weight of the antenna, so that the antenna is more convenient to install and use. The meander technology is a technology for increasing the effective length of the antenna to reduce the resonant frequency.

[0035] In addition, when the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3 are arranged on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 respectively, the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3 can be arranged non-coplanarly, so that a phase difference of 180° can be formed between the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3. Therefore, a phase shifter does not need to be additionally arranged to change the phase difference between the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3, so that the convenience of installation and use of the antenna is further improved.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 andFigure 2 As shown, the first bending arm comprises a horizontal segment 22, a first inclined segment 23, a second inclined segment 24, a third inclined segment 25 and an extension segment 26 connected in sequence, the horizontal segment 22 and the first inclined segment 23 are relatively bent, the first inclined segment 23 and the second inclined segment 24 are relatively bent, and the third inclined segment 25 and the extension segment 26 are relatively bent; the first main patch 21 is a strip-shaped patch, and the strip-shaped patch is connected with the horizontal segment 22 and the included angle between the two is a right angle. With this structure, when the horizontal segment 22 and the first inclined segment 23 are relatively bent, the first inclined segment 23 and the second inclined segment 24 are relatively bent, and the third inclined segment 25 and the extension segment 26 are relatively bent, the current path in the antenna can be effectively lengthened by using the meander technology, the effective length of the antenna is increased, and the working frequency of the antenna can be maintained unchanged when the size of the antenna is small, so that the antenna can meet the design requirement of miniaturization. At the same time, the layout mode of the antenna can be optimized, and the space on the dielectric substrate 1 can be fully utilized.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the included angle between the first inclined segment 23 and the horizontal segment 22 is a first included angle, the first included angle is 125°-135°, the included angle between the first inclined segment 23 and the second inclined segment 24 is a second included angle, and the second included angle is 80°-90°; the included angle between the second inclined segment 24 and the third inclined segment 25 is the same as the angle of the second included angle, the included angle between the third inclined segment 25 and the extension segment 26 is the same as the angle of the first included angle, and the first inclined segment 23 and the third inclined segment 25 are parallel to each other. With this structure, the bending angle of each bending structure is large, the distance between the two bending segments of the bending structure can be increased to avoid the mutual influence of the two bending segments when the distance is small, and at the same time, the current path in the antenna can be effectively lengthened by using the meander technology, and the effective length of the antenna is increased.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the included angle between the first inclined segment 23 and the horizontal segment 22 can be 132°, the included angle between the first inclined segment 23 and the second inclined segment 24 can be 84°, the included angle between the second inclined segment 24 and the third inclined segment 25 can be 132°, and the included angle between the third inclined segment 25 and the extension segment 26 can be 84°.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the horizontal section 22 is 45-50 mm, the length of the first inclined section 23 is 85-95 mm, the length of the second inclined section 24 is 95-105 mm, the length of the third inclined section 25 is 45-50 mm, the length of the extension section 26 is 95-105 mm, and the length of the strip-shaped patch is 375-385 mm. With this structure, the lengths of the horizontal section 22, the first inclined section 23, the second inclined section 24, the third inclined section 25 and the extension section 26 are optimized, which can avoid increasing the occupied space of the metal patch due to the overlength of the horizontal section 22, the first inclined section 23, the second inclined section 24, the third inclined section 25 and the extension section 26, and can also avoid reducing the communication performance of the metal patch due to the over-shortness of the horizontal section 22, the first inclined section 23, the second inclined section 24, the third inclined section 25 and the extension section 26.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the horizontal section 22 is 47 mm, the length of the first inclined section 23 is 90 mm, the length of the second inclined section 24 is 100 mm, the length of the third inclined section 25 is 47 mm, the length of the extension section 26 is 100 mm, and the length of the strip-shaped patch is 100 mm.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the widths of the horizontal section 22, the first inclined section 23, the second inclined section 24, the third inclined section 25, the extension section 26 and the capacitive arm 27 are equal, and the width is 11 mm.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, the thicknesses of the horizontal section 22, the first inclined section 23, the second inclined section 24, the third inclined section 25, the extension section 26 and the capacitive arm 27 are equal, and the thickness is 0.01 mm.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the first bending arm further comprises a capacitive arm 27, the capacitive arm 27 and the strip-shaped patch are parallel to each other, and one end of the extension section 26 is connected to the middle position of the capacitive arm 27. The capacitive loading can be realized through the capacitive arm 27, so as to further reduce the size of the directional antenna, so that the directional antenna can meet the design requirements of miniaturization.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the capacitive arm 27 is 80 mm.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1, the first bending arm comprises a horizontal section 22, a first inclined section 23, a second inclined section 24, a third inclined section 25 and an extension section 26. Figure 3As shown, the shape of the second metal patch 3 is the same as that of the first metal patch 2, and the size of the second metal patch 3 is equal to that of the first metal patch 2. That is, the second metal patch 3 can also be composed of a horizontal segment, a first tilted segment, a second tilted segment, a third tilted segment, an extension segment, and a capacitive arm. This structure optimizes the shape and size of the second metal patch 3, ensuring good communication quality for the miniaturized directional antenna.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, Figure 4 The simulation curve of the antenna's reflection coefficient is shown. Figure 4 It is known that the frequency range where the antenna reflection loss is below -10dB is 148MHz-173.88MHz. Therefore, the directional antenna in this embodiment performs well below -10dB and can be used for VHF communication. Figure 5 The figure shows simulation curves of the normalized levels in the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna. The dashed line in the figure represents the H-plane, and the solid line represents the E-plane. Figure 5 It can be seen that the gain of the H-plane is greater than that of the E-plane at all angles. Therefore, the directional antenna in this embodiment has good gain and directivity. Figure 6 The antenna radiation pattern is shown, by Figure 6 As can be seen, the directional antenna in this embodiment has good gain and directivity. Therefore, when using the directional antenna described above, both the antenna can be miniaturized through a bending structure, and the shape and size of the directional antenna can be optimized to achieve good gain and directivity.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, a first cavity 4 for reducing its own weight is formed on the dielectric substrate 1, and a first metal patch 2 surrounds the outer periphery of the first cavity 4; a second cavity 5 for reducing its own weight is also formed on the dielectric substrate 1, and a second metal patch 3 surrounds the outer periphery of the second cavity 5. Using this structure, the weight of the directional antenna can be reduced by forming the first cavity 4 and the second cavity 5, thus enabling the directional antenna to be lightweight.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the first cavity 4 and the second cavity 5 are both rectangular in shape. The length of the first cavity 4 is 280 mm and the height of the first cavity 4 is 240 mm. The length of the second cavity 5 is 280 mm and the height of the second cavity 5 is 240 mm.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, a director 6 is further provided on the dielectric substrate 1, and the director 6 and the first metal patch 2 are located on the same plane and coupled together. With this structure, the directional antenna can concentrate electromagnetic wave energy onto the main element of the antenna through the director 6, thereby enhancing the antenna's receiving or transmitting capability, and thus enhancing the signal and increasing the antenna gain.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the director 6 is a strip of metal that can be coupled to the first metal patch 2.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the length of the director 6 is 450 mm, and the length direction of the main patch of the first metal patch 2 is located in the middle of the director 6.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, the directional antenna of this application optimizes the structure and size of the metal patch based on the Yagi antenna, resulting in a simpler overall structure, easier processing, lower cost, and better directivity, which can meet the special needs of maritime communication.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, a metal ground plane 7 is further provided on the dielectric substrate 1, and the metal ground plane 7 and the second metal patch 3 are located on the same plane. The metal ground plane 7 includes a main body 71 and two metal branches 72, which are respectively connected to both ends of the main body 71 and are symmetrically arranged. With this structure, the second metal patch 3 can be grounded through the metal ground plane 7; the two metal branches 72 can form symmetrical branches, thereby optimizing the antenna's radiation mode, reducing unnecessary radiation, and improving the antenna's efficiency, thereby enhancing the antenna's directivity, gain, and frequency response.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the motherboard body 71 can be 700mm long, 30mm wide, and 0.01mm thick, and the metal branch 72 can be 150mm long and 12mm wide.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the directional antenna also includes a microstrip line 8 for feeding the first main patch 21 and the second main patch. By using the microstrip line 8 to feed the first main patch 21 and the second main patch, the first metal patch 2 and the second metal patch 3 can generate electromagnetic wave signals.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the microstrip line 8 is disposed at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 1, and the two ends of the microstrip line 8 are respectively connected to the first main patch 21 and the second main patch.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0058] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0059] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0060] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems, characterized in that, The medium substrate is provided with a first metal patch and a second metal patch on two side surfaces respectively; The first metal patch comprises a first main patch and a first bending arm, and the first main patch and the first bending arm are connected and oppositely bent; The second metal patch comprises a second main patch and a second bending arm, and the second main patch and the second bending arm are connected and oppositely bent, the first main patch and the second main patch are oppositely arranged, and the first bending arm and the second bending arm are symmetrically arranged; The first main patch and the second main patch are used for electrically connecting with a feeding structure; The first bending arm comprises a horizontal segment, a first inclined segment, a second inclined segment, a third inclined segment and an extension segment which are connected in sequence, and the horizontal segment and the first inclined segment are oppositely bent, the first inclined segment and the second inclined segment are oppositely bent, and the third inclined segment and the extension segment are oppositely bent; The first main patch is a strip-shaped patch, and the strip-shaped patch and the horizontal segment are connected and the included angle therebetween is a right angle; The first bending arm further comprises a capacitive arm, the capacitive arm and the strip-shaped patch are parallel to each other, and one end of the extension segment is connected to a middle position of the capacitive arm.

2. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, The included angle between the first inclined segment and the horizontal segment is a first included angle, the first included angle is 125°-135°, the included angle between the first inclined segment and the second inclined segment is a second included angle, and the second included angle is 80°-90°; The included angle between the second inclined segment and the third inclined segment is the same as the second included angle, the included angle between the third inclined segment and the extension segment is the same as the first included angle, and the first inclined segment and the third inclined segment are parallel to each other.

3. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, The length of the horizontal segment is 45mm-50mm, the length of the first inclined segment is 85mm-95mm, the length of the second inclined segment is 95mm-105mm, the length of the third inclined segment is 45mm-50mm, the length of the extension segment is 95mm-105mm, and the length of the strip-shaped patch is 375mm-385mm.

4. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, The shape of the second metal patch is the same as that of the first metal patch, and the size of the second metal patch is equal to that of the first metal patch.

5. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, A first cavity for reducing the weight of the medium substrate is formed on the medium substrate, and the first metal patch surrounds the outer periphery of the first cavity; A second cavity for reducing the weight of the medium substrate is further formed on the medium substrate, and the second metal patch surrounds the outer periphery of the second cavity.

6. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, A director is further provided on the medium substrate, and the director and the first metal patch are located on the same plane and are coupled.

7. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, A metal ground plate is further provided on the medium substrate, and the metal ground plate and the second metal patch are located on the same plane; The metal ground plate comprises a main plate body and two metal branches, and the two metal branches are respectively connected to two ends of the main plate body and are symmetrically arranged.

8. The miniaturized directional antenna for VDES systems of claim 1, wherein, A microstrip line for feeding the first main patch and the second main patch is further provided.

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