An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of antenna technology and relates to an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna, comprising: a rectangular dielectric layer, a radiating layer disposed on top of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer disposed at the bottom of the dielectric layer; the radiating layer is an axisymmetric structure, comprising: a rectangular microstrip line and a circular first radiating patch; one end of the microstrip line is connected to one end of the first radiating patch, the other end of the microstrip line is perpendicularly connected to an edge of the dielectric layer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the first radiating patch and the edge of the dielectric layer; the floor layer partially overlaps the microstrip line and does not overlap with the first radiating patch; the floor layer is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer. This application can achieve ultra-wideband.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communication technology, the requirements for antenna performance are becoming increasingly higher. Traditional microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in wireless communications, radar, satellite communications and other fields due to their low cost, low profile, and easy integration.

[0003] In the prior art, there are many types of microstrip patch antennas.

[0004] However, the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas is narrow and cannot meet the growing demand. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna to achieve ultra-wideband in response to the above technical problems.

[0006] An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna comprises: a dielectric layer with a rectangular structure, a radiation layer arranged on the top of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer arranged on the bottom of the dielectric layer;

[0007] The radiation layer has an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line with a rectangular structure and a first radiation patch with a circular structure; one end of the microstrip line is connected to one end of the first radiation patch, the other end of the microstrip line is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer, and there is a gap between the other end of the first radiation patch and the edge of the dielectric layer;

[0008] The floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line and does not overlap with the first radiation patch; the floor layer is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; and one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the edge of the first radiation patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves that are axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line.

[0010] The first groove is a strip structure of equal width, the length direction of the strip structure is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip line, and a short side of the strip structure is perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the radiation layer further comprises: two second radiation patches symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis;

[0012] The second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side, and a third side that are sequentially connected end to end to form a closed pattern;

[0013] The first side is arranged parallel to one side of the dielectric layer and tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged parallel to another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure collinear with the edge of the first radiation patch.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first radiation patch is provided with two groups of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis;

[0015] The second groove includes two or three strip-shaped gaps of unequal length but equal width, one corresponding end of the strip-shaped gap is connected to the edge of the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end extends toward the symmetry axis of the radiation patch and has a gap with the symmetry axis.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second groove includes three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths;

[0017] In the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line.

[0018] In one embodiment, the second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths;

[0019] In the same group of second grooves, two strip-shaped band gaps are arranged in parallel with each other, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap away from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line.

[0020] In one embodiment, the length of the long side of the strip-shaped band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip-shaped band gap.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first radiation patch is provided with two third grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the third grooves are annular structures;

[0022] A fourth groove is provided on the first radiation patch and is symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis. The fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with one corner facing the direction of the microstrip line.

[0023] In one embodiment, a width of the third groove is greater than a width of the fourth groove.

[0024] In one embodiment, the medium layer has a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7.

[0025] The aforementioned ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna has a partial ground plane that can effectively adjust the electrical performance and radiation characteristics of the antenna, optimizing the reflection area and reducing back radiation, enabling the antenna to operate efficiently over a wider frequency band and achieve ultra-wideband performance. Furthermore, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film with a square resistance of 1Ω / sq can be used instead of a metal material as the conductive layer. The ITO film is a transparent conductive material that can achieve excellent optical transmittance (up to 80% or more) while ensuring electrical conductivity. This not only achieves high transmittance for the antenna, but also increases its aesthetics, meeting the demands of modern devices for high-performance and high-value antennas. It can be widely used in transparent displays, optical sensors, smart windows, and new antennas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 is a full-floor current diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 3 GHz in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 A current diagram of a portion of a floor plate at 3 GHz of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram comparing a full floor and a partial floor of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a first groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a second radiating patch on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram comparing the presence and absence of a second radiation patch on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna having a first groove in one embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another second groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a third groove and a fourth groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0037] Figure 12 is one of the dimension diagrams of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a second dimension diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a third dimension diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0040] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of S11 of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0041] Figure 16 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 2 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0042] Figure 17 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 3 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0043] Figure 18 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 4 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0044] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the gain of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] dielectric layer 1;

[0047] Radiation layer 2, microstrip line 21, first radiation patch 22, second radiation patch 23, first groove 24, second groove 25, third groove 26, fourth groove 27;

[0048] Floor layer 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0051] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and so on, used in this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, and so on, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connect," "fix," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fix" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0054] The present application provides an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a dielectric layer, a radiation layer and a floor layer.

[0055] The dielectric layer is a rectangular structured carrier substrate that provides support for the radiation layer and the floor layer.

[0056] The radiation layer is arranged on the top of the dielectric layer and has an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line and a first radiation patch; the microstrip line has a rectangular structure, one end of which is connected to the first radiation patch and the other end is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer; the first radiation patch has a circular structure, one end of which is connected to the microstrip line and the other end is spaced apart from the edge of the dielectric layer.

[0057] The floor layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer and is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; the floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line, does not overlap with the first radiation patch, and one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, if Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the circular first radiation patch is energized by using a microstrip feeder technology, and the current passes through a portion of the ground plane, thereby improving the current flow direction on the first radiation patch to achieve ultra-wideband antenna.

[0059] The aforementioned ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna has a partial ground plane that can effectively adjust the electrical performance and radiation characteristics of the antenna, optimizing the reflection area and reducing back radiation, enabling the antenna to operate efficiently over a wider frequency band and achieve ultra-wideband performance. Furthermore, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film with a square resistance of 1Ω / sq can be used instead of a metal material as the conductive layer. The ITO film is a transparent conductive material that can achieve excellent optical transmittance (up to 80% or more) while ensuring electrical conductivity. This not only achieves high transmittance for the antenna, but also increases its aesthetics, meeting the demands of modern devices for high-performance and high-value antennas. It can be widely used in transparent displays, optical sensors, smart windows, and new antennas.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, preferably, the edge of the first radiating patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line. The first grooves are strips of equal width, with the length of the strip parallel to the length of the microstrip line, and one short side of the strip perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip. The arrangement of the first grooves creates an inset feed, with the feed point closer to the center, which can better match the input impedance. The first grooves, combined with the circular structure of the first radiating patch, increase the number of resonance points and expand the bandwidth.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, further preferably, the radiation layer also includes: two second radiation patches; the two second radiation patches are axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; the second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side and a third side that are sequentially connected end to end to form a closed figure; the first side is arranged parallel to one side of the dielectric layer and is tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged parallel to another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure that is colinear with the edge of the first radiation patch. The setting of the second radiation patch not only increases the area of ​​the radiation patch and extends the current path, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, but also introduces a new resonance point, further realizing ultra-wideband performance. Moreover, the second radiation patch, together with the first radiation patch and the first groove, increases the resonance depth of the resonance point on the basis of increasing the resonance point, resulting in better matching performance and higher point gain, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 shown.

[0062] In one embodiment, the first radiating patch is provided with two sets of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis. The second grooves include two or three strip-shaped gaps of unequal length but equal width, with one corresponding end of each strip-shaped gap connected to the edge of the first radiating patch and the other corresponding end extending toward the symmetry axis of the radiating patch with a gap between them. The provision of the second grooves optimizes current distribution, adjusts impedance matching, introduces additional resonance points, further achieving ultra-wideband performance, and improves radiation characteristics.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, preferably, the second grooves include three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; within the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line. This arrangement can further increase the bandwidth.

[0064] like Figure 9 As shown, preferably, the second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; within the same set of second grooves, the two strip-shaped band gaps are spaced apart and arranged in parallel, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap away from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line. This arrangement can further increase the bandwidth.

[0065] Further preferably, the length of the long side of the strip band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip band gap, so as to increase the resonance depth on the basis of further improving the bandwidth.

[0066] like Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the first radiating patch is provided with two third grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the third grooves are circular ring structures; the first radiating patch is provided with a fourth groove symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with one corner facing the direction of the microstrip line. The provision of the third and fourth grooves can change the current path, disperse the current, and adjust the frequency band range and center frequency (by adjusting the radius of the third groove, the characteristic impedance of the antenna can be changed to achieve the generation of a specific resonance point; by adjusting the distance between the two third grooves, the current path can be changed and the position of the resonance point can be adjusted; by adjusting the height of the fourth groove, the current path between the gaps can be changed, and the spacing between the dual resonance points can be adjusted).

[0067] Preferably, the width of the third groove is greater than that of the fourth groove, and the inner radius of the third groove is equal to the inner ring side length of the fourth groove, so as to improve gain stability.

[0068] In one embodiment, the dielectric layer has a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7, so as to further increase the resonance depth.

[0069] like Figure 11As shown in FIG, in a specific embodiment, the dielectric layer, the radiation layer and the floor layer are all made of non-metallic materials, wherein the dielectric layer adopts a high borosilicate glass dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.7 and a thickness of H=1.6 mm, and the radiation layer and the floor layer are made of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film. The specific size parameters are as follows: Figures 12 to 14 Dimensions shown and not shown may take arbitrary values.

[0070] The antenna in the above embodiment was simulated and analyzed using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite, and the results are as follows.

[0071] like Figure 15 Figure 11 shows the antenna's simulation results. It shows that the antenna's reflection loss in the 1.8-4.9 GHz frequency band is less than -10 dB, and its relative bandwidth exceeds the FCC's 25% limit, making it an ultra-wideband antenna. Its maximum resonant depth reaches below -44 dB, demonstrating excellent performance.

[0072] like Figures 16 to 18 Figure 2 shows the simulated radiation patterns of the antenna at 2 GHz, 3 GHz, and 4 GHz. It can be seen that in the horizontal plane (theta = 0°), the antenna satisfies the omnidirectional characteristics of a unit-pole antenna, while in the vertical plane, the antenna exhibits a figure-8 directional characteristic. As the frequency band increases, the antenna's radiation pattern exhibits slight distortion, primarily due to the antenna's geometric dimensions compared to the operating wavelength.

[0073] like Figure 19 Figure 2 shows the simulated gain diagram of the antenna. It can be seen that the antenna gain remains basically at 1.5dBi across the entire frequency band, demonstrating gain stability.

[0074] In summary, this application combines the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch, the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove, uses microstrip line feeding, and is grounded through part of the floor. The final size of the antenna is 45*44*1.6mm, which achieves miniaturization. The operating frequency range is 1.8-4.9GHz, and the reflection loss in the 1.8-4.9GHz band is less than -10dB. The relative bandwidth reaches 92.53%, which meets the requirement that the ultra-wideband relative bandwidth accounts for more than 20% of the center frequency, and can achieve ultra-wideband. The gain after 1.9GHz in the entire band fluctuates at 1.5dBi, with stable performance, and the maximum resonance depth reaches below -44dB, showing excellent radiation characteristics and coverage performance. The overall design is in the shape of a kitten's head, with excellent light transmittance and aesthetics. It is an optically transparent antenna that combines ultra-wideband, high performance, high light transmittance, aesthetics, fun and small size, providing an ideal solution for modern communication equipment.

[0075] It's also worth noting that the 1.8-4.9 GHz frequency band has extensive application value in modern communications technology. This frequency band covers parts of LTE and 5G in the mobile communications sector, supports high-speed data transmission and wide-area coverage, and can provide stable global coverage in satellite communications. It is also used for distance measurement and ground surveillance in radar systems, with excellent penetration and long-range detection capabilities. Furthermore, in the field of wireless local area networks (WLANs), the 2.4 GHz band, in particular, can be used for wireless network connections in homes and businesses. It also plays a vital role in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications, such as Bluetooth technology and wireless sensor networks.

[0076] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0077] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna, characterized in that: include: A rectangular dielectric layer, a radiation layer disposed on the top of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer disposed on the bottom of the dielectric layer; The radiation layer has an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line with a rectangular structure and a first radiation patch with a circular structure; one end of the microstrip line is connected to one end of the first radiation patch, the other end of the microstrip line is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer, and there is a gap between the other end of the first radiation patch and the edge of the dielectric layer; The floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line and does not overlap with the first radiation patch; the floor layer is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed with respect to the microstrip line; a long side of the floor layer coincides with an edge of the dielectric layer; The edge of the first radiation patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed in a direction away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves that are axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; The first groove is a strip structure of equal width, the length direction of the strip structure is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip line, and a short side of the strip structure is perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip structure; The radiation layer further includes: two second radiation patches symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis; The second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side, and a third side that are sequentially connected end to end to form a closed pattern; The first side is arranged parallel to one side of the dielectric layer and tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged parallel to another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure collinear with the edge of the first radiation patch.

2. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first radiation patch is provided with two groups of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis; The second groove includes two or three strip-shaped gaps of unequal length but equal width, one corresponding end of the strip-shaped gap is connected to the edge of the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end extends toward the symmetry axis of the radiation patch and has a gap with the symmetry axis.

3. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The second groove includes three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; In the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line.

4. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; In the same group of second grooves, two strip-shaped band gaps are arranged in parallel with each other, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap away from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line.

5. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the long side of the strip band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip band gap.

6. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first radiation patch is provided with two third grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the third grooves are annular structures; A fourth groove is provided on the first radiation patch and is symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis. The fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with one corner facing the direction of the microstrip line.

7. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the third groove is greater than the width of the fourth groove.

8. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The medium layer has a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7.

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