Loudspeaker

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification provides a loudspeaker, comprising: a housing having a cavity; the vibrating diaphragm is contained in the cavity and divides the cavity into at least two sub-cavities, and the vibrating diaphragm is driven by the electric signal to vibrate relative to the shell so as to generate sound; and the sliding connection part is used for connecting the edge of the vibrating diaphragm and the inner wall of the cavity, and the sliding connection part allows the edge of the vibrating diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell. Therefore, the whole vibrating diaphragm can move (slide) relative to the inner wall of the shell. In other words, the whole vibrating diaphragm can move similar to a piston relative to the inner wall of the shell, so that the vibrating diaphragm can generate larger displacement and push more air quantity, and the performance of the loudspeaker, especially the low-frequency sensitivity of the loudspeaker, is improved.

Description

speaker Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to a loudspeaker. Background Art

[0002] In existing speaker structures, to prevent the front and rear cavities from being connected, thereby affecting the radiated sound pressure, the edges of the speaker's diaphragm are typically fixed to the speaker housing. This structure results in the diaphragm deforming primarily in its center during operation, with less deformation near its fixed edges. Deformation in the center of the diaphragm is also limited by the fixed edges, reducing the volume of air displaced by the diaphragm (also known as air displacement), which in turn adversely affects speaker performance, particularly low-frequency performance, which requires large displacement and large air displacement.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a loudspeaker to increase the volume of air pushed by the diaphragm and improve the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the embodiments of the present specification provides a loudspeaker, comprising: a shell having a cavity; a diaphragm accommodated in the cavity and dividing the cavity into at least two sub-cavities, wherein the diaphragm vibrates relative to the shell under the drive of an electrical signal to generate sound; and a sliding connection portion for connecting an edge of the diaphragm with an inner wall of the cavity, wherein the sliding connection portion allows the edge of the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell.

[0006] In some embodiments, the shell includes a magnet, the sliding connection portion is a magnetic fluid, the surface of the magnet forms at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity, and the diaphragm drives the magnetic fluid to slide on the surface of the magnet.

[0007] In some embodiments, the sliding connection portion includes a magnet and a magnetic fluid, wherein the magnet is connected to the diaphragm, and the magnetic fluid is used to connect the magnet to the inner wall of the cavity, wherein the magnetic fluid slides with the magnet relative to the inner wall of the shell through the magnetic force between the magnetic fluid and the magnet.

[0008] In some embodiments, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid is an aqueous or oily liquid, the material of the inner wall of the cavity within the sliding range of the magnetic fluid is a first surface material, and the material of the inner wall of the cavity outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid is a second surface material, wherein the carrier liquid property is the same as the hydrophilic or lipophilic property of the first surface material, and the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the first surface material are opposite to those of the second surface material.

[0009] In some embodiments, the shell includes a first magnet, and the sliding connection portion includes a second magnet and a magnetic fluid, wherein the surface of the first magnet forms at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity, the second magnet is connected to the diaphragm, and the magnetic fluid is used to connect the first magnet and the second magnet, and the diaphragm drives the magnetic fluid to slide on the surface of the first magnet through the second magnet.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first magnet and the second magnet are arranged with the same poles facing each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the speaker further comprises: a fluid constraint structure for constraining the position of the magnetic fluid.

[0012] In some embodiments, the magnetic fluid confinement structure includes at least a first magnetic fluid confinement element and a second magnetic fluid confinement element, wherein the first magnetic fluid confinement element and the second magnetic fluid confinement element are arranged so as to be located on opposite sides of the magnetic fluid along the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first magnetic fluid constraint element and the second magnetic fluid constraint element are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the cavity and are located outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid. The distance between the first magnetic fluid constraint element and the edge of the sliding range is within a first distance threshold, and the distance between the second magnetic fluid constraint element and the edge of the sliding range is within a second distance threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments, the carrier fluid property of the magnetic fluid is opposite to or the same as the hydrophilicity or oleophilicity of the surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the sliding connection portion is a fluid, wherein the material of the inner wall of the cavity within the sliding range of the fluid is a first surface material, and the material of the inner wall of the cavity outside the sliding range of the fluid is a second surface material, wherein the fluid has the same hydrophilic or lipophilic property as the first surface material, and the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the first surface material are opposite to those of the second surface material.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fluid is a viscous fluid, and the kinematic viscosity of the viscous fluid is greater than 100 cst.

[0017] In some embodiments, a concave or convex structure is provided in the area on the inner wall of the cavity that contacts the fluid.

[0018] In some embodiments, the size of the concave or convex structure on the inner wall surface of the cavity along the vibration direction of the diaphragm is in the range of 0.2μm-200μm, and the size of the concave or convex structure in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the cavity is in the range of 0.2μm-200μm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the diaphragm is a flat plate structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] This specification will be further described in the form of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, like numbers represent like structures, wherein:

[0021] FIG1 is a structural block diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0022] FIG2A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0023] FIG2B is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification;

[0024] FIG3 is a diagram showing frequency response curves of a speaker with a sliding connection portion and a speaker without a sliding connection portion according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0025] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0026] FIG5A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0027] FIG5B is a schematic diagram of the local distribution of magnetic flux lines of the magnet in FIG5A ;

[0028] FIG5C is a schematic diagram of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker shown in FIG5A when it is at a first maximum vibration amplitude position;

[0029] FIG5D is a schematic diagram of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker shown in FIG5A when it is at a second maximum vibration amplitude position;

[0030] FIG6A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0031] FIG6B is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification;

[0032] FIG6C is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification;

[0033] FIG6D is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification;

[0034] FIG7A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0035] FIG7B is a schematic diagram of the diaphragm of the speaker shown in FIG7A when it vibrates;

[0036] FIG8A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0037] FIG8B is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification;

[0038] FIG9A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0039] FIG9B is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of this specification. Those skilled in the art can apply this specification to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context or otherwise noted, the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same structure or operation.

[0041] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" used herein are a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, the terms may be replaced by other expressions.

[0042] As used in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not refer to the singular but also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. A method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0043] In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," "third," or "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this specification, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0044] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, terms such as "connected" and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, the term "connected" can refer to a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and can refer to internal communication between two components or an interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this specification based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] This specification provides a loudspeaker, which includes a shell, a diaphragm and a sliding connection. The shell includes a cavity. The diaphragm is accommodated in the cavity and divides the cavity into at least two sub-cavities. The diaphragm can vibrate relative to the shell to produce sound under the drive of an electrical signal. The sliding connection can be used to connect the edge of the diaphragm to the inner wall of the cavity. The sliding connection can allow the edge of the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell, so that the entire diaphragm can be displaced (slid) relative to the inner wall of the shell. In other words, the entire diaphragm can perform a piston-like motion relative to the inner wall of the shell, so that the diaphragm can produce a larger displacement and push more air, thereby improving the performance of the loudspeaker, especially the sensitivity of the loudspeaker at low frequencies.

[0046] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification. In some embodiments, speaker 100 may include a piezoelectric speaker (as shown in Figure 2A ), an electromagnetic speaker (as shown in Figure 2B ), a moving iron speaker, an electrostatic speaker, or any combination thereof. As shown in Figure 1 , speaker 100 may include a housing 110 , a diaphragm 120 , and a sliding connection 130 .

[0047] The housing 110 may be configured to carry other components of the speaker 100 (e.g., a diaphragm 120, a sliding connection 130, etc.). The housing 110 may have a cavity. One or more components of the speaker 100 may be disposed in the cavity. In some embodiments, the housing 110 may be a regular or irregular three-dimensional structure such as a cuboid or a cylinder. When the user wears the speaker 100, the housing 110 may be located near the user's ear. For example, the housing 110 may be located on the peripheral side (e.g., the front side or the back side) of the user's auricle. For another example, the housing 110 may be located on the user's ear but does not block or cover the user's ear canal. For another example, the housing 110 may be partially located in the user's ear canal. In some embodiments, the housing 110 may include at least one sound outlet, and the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 120 may be radiated toward the user's ear through the sound outlet.

[0048] The diaphragm 120 can be disposed within the cavity of the housing 110, dividing the cavity into at least two sub-cavities (e.g., the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2 in FIG. 2A ). Driven by an electrical signal, the diaphragm 120 can vibrate relative to the housing 110 to produce sound. The at least two sub-cavities can be located on either side of the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120.

[0049] In some embodiments, to facilitate adjustment of the compliance of the diaphragm 120 and the Q value of the speaker 100, the material used to make the diaphragm 120 may be a polymer non-metallic material, such as poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), silicone, etc. In this case, the speaker 100 is prone to diaphragm splitting vibration in the mid- and high-frequency bands, forming high-order modes, which in turn causes the frequency response of the speaker 100 to have more peaks and valleys in the mid- and high-frequency bands, affecting the performance of the speaker 100 in these mid- and high-frequency bands.

[0050] In some embodiments, in order to reduce the high-order modes in the vibration of the diaphragm 120, thereby improving the performance of the speaker 100 in the medium and high frequencies, the diaphragm 120 may be a rigid vibration component. Specifically, the elastic modulus of the material of the diaphragm 120 may be greater than 2E6Pa. Preferably, the elastic modulus of the material of the diaphragm 120 may be greater than 4E6Pa. For example, the elastic modulus of the material of the diaphragm 120 may be 8E6Pa. In some embodiments, the material of the diaphragm 120 may include metal materials and non-metallic materials. Metal materials may include but are not limited to aluminum alloys, stainless steel, magnesium-lithium alloys, etc. Non-metallic materials may include but are not limited to carbon fiber composites, plant fiber composites, etc. In some embodiments, in order to reduce the overall weight of the speaker 100 and improve the user's wearing experience, the material of the diaphragm 120 may preferably be a metal material with low density and high stiffness.

[0051] In some embodiments, to reduce the difficulty of manufacturing the diaphragm 120, the diaphragm 120 may be a flat plate structure. For example, the diaphragm 120 may be a rigid vibration plate (such as the diaphragm 220 shown in FIG6A ). With the presence of the sliding connection 130, the rigid vibration plate can slide relative to the housing 110 in the speaker 100, preventing the diaphragm 120 from generating split vibrations within the human audible range (e.g., 20 Hz-20 kHz). This results in a flat frequency response curve output by the speaker 100 within the human audible range.

[0052] The sliding connection 130 can be used to connect the edge of the diaphragm 120 to the inner wall of the cavity. The sliding connection 130 allows the edge of the diaphragm 120 to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing 110, thereby allowing the entire diaphragm 120 to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing 110. In other words, the entire diaphragm 120 can perform a piston-like motion relative to the housing 110. In some embodiments, the sliding connection 130 may include a magnetic fluid. In this case, the housing 110 may include a magnet. The diaphragm 120 can drive the magnetic fluid to slide on the surface of the magnet. In some embodiments, the sliding connection 130 may include both the magnetic fluid and the magnet. The diaphragm 120 is connected to the magnetic fluid via the magnet, and the magnetic fluid can contact the housing 110. The magnet can drive the diaphragm 120 to slide on the inner wall of the housing 110. In some embodiments, the housing 110 may include a first magnet, and the sliding connection 130 may include both the magnetic fluid and the second magnet. The diaphragm 120 can be connected to the magnetic fluid via the second magnet. The second magnet can drive the diaphragm 120 to slide on the surface of the first magnet. In some embodiments, the sliding connection portion 130 may include a fluid (e.g., a viscous fluid), and the diaphragm 120 may drive the fluid to slide on the surface of the inner wall of the housing 110. For more description of the sliding connection portion 130, please refer to other parts of this application, such as Figures 2A-2B, Figure 4, Figures 5A-5D, Figures 7A-7B, Figures 8A-8B, etc. and their descriptions.

[0053] FIG2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in FIG2A , speaker 200 may be a piezoelectric speaker. Speaker 200 may include a housing 210 , a diaphragm 220 , and a sliding connection portion 230 .

[0054] The shell 210 may have a cavity 211. The diaphragm 220 may be accommodated in the cavity 211 and divide the cavity 211 into at least two sub-cavities (for example, a first sub-cavity 211-1 and a second sub-cavity 211-2). At least two sub-cavities (for example, the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2) may be located on both sides of the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220. The second sub-cavity 211-2 may be connected to the sound outlet hole (not shown) of the shell 210, and the first sub-cavity 211-1 may be located on the side of the diaphragm 220 away from the sound outlet hole. In some embodiments, the first sub-cavity 211-1 may be referred to as a rear cavity, and the second sub-cavity 211-2 may be referred to as a front cavity. The diaphragm 220 may vibrate relative to the shell 210 under the drive of an electrical signal to produce sound.

[0055] The sliding connection portion 230 can be used to connect the edge of the diaphragm 220 to the inner wall of the cavity. The sliding connection portion 230 can allow the edge of the diaphragm 220 to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing 210, thereby allowing the diaphragm 120 as a whole to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing 110. Therefore, compared to a speaker in which the edge of the diaphragm cannot slide relative to the inner wall of the housing, the diaphragm 220 of the speaker 200 can be displaced as a whole relative to the housing 210, which can produce a larger displacement (for example, the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the dotted line relative to the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the solid line in FIG2A), thereby increasing the volume of air pushed by the diaphragm 220, thereby improving the performance of the speaker 200.

[0056] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2A , the sliding connection portion 230 may be a magnetic fluid 232. In some embodiments, the magnetic fluid 232 may include a liquid (e.g., a colloidal liquid) made of magnetic particles (e.g., nano-sized ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles, iron nitride particles, etc.) suspended in a carrier liquid. The magnetic fluid 232 may respond to an external magnetic field (e.g., the magnetic field of the first magnet 212 described below), that is, the magnetic fluid 232 may be attracted to a magnet (e.g., the first magnet 212 described below) in its vicinity. In some embodiments, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 may be an aqueous or oily liquid. For example, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 may be water, kerosene, motor oil, polyphenylene ether, silicone oil, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0057] When the sliding connection portion 230 is a magnetic fluid 232, the housing 210 may include a first magnet 212. The first magnet 212 may be disposed on the inner wall of the housing 210's cavity 211 in an area corresponding to the position of the diaphragm 220. In some embodiments, the area on the inner wall of the housing 210's cavity 211 corresponding to the position of the diaphragm 220 may refer to the area on the inner wall of the housing 210's cavity 211 covered by the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 220, i.e., the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232. In some embodiments, the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232 may be 0 mm to 5 mm. The surface of the first magnet 212 may form at least a portion of the inner wall of the housing 210's cavity. In some embodiments, the size of the first magnet 212 may be larger than the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 220 in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220. In other words, the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 220 (or the range of motion of the magnetic fluid 232) does not exceed the size range of the first magnet 212. In some embodiments, the first magnet 212 may include a permanent magnet or a soft magnet. For example, the first magnet 212 may be a magnet.

[0058] The edge of the diaphragm 220 can be connected to the magnetic fluid 232. The magnetic fluid 232 can be arranged between the edge of the diaphragm 220 and the first magnet 212. The diaphragm 220 can drive the magnetic fluid 232 (i.e., the sliding connection part 230) to slide on the surface of the first magnet 212. During the vibration process of the diaphragm 220 (or the sliding process of the diaphragm 220 relative to the shell 210), due to the magnetic attraction between the first magnet 212 and the magnetic fluid 232, the first magnet 212 can make the magnetic fluid 232 always maintain contact with the first magnet 212 during the vibration process of the diaphragm 220, thereby ensuring that the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2 are not conductive. At the same time, since the first magnet 212 has less constraint on the diaphragm 220, the diaphragm 220 can achieve piston motion, thereby improving the output of the speaker 200, especially its output at low frequencies (as shown in Figure 3). In some embodiments, the Q value of the speaker 200 can be adjusted by changing the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, thereby further improving the performance of the speaker 200. For example, by increasing the viscosity of the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, the damping of the magnetic fluid 232 can be increased, thereby reducing the Q value of the speaker 200. Correspondingly, by reducing the viscosity of the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, the damping of the magnetic fluid 232 can be reduced, thereby increasing the Q value of the speaker 200. For another example, by reducing the width of the gap in which the magnetic fluid 232 is located (i.e., the distance between the diaphragm 220 and the inner wall of the cavity 211 of the housing 210), the Q value of the speaker 200 can be reduced. Correspondingly, by increasing the width of the gap in which the magnetic fluid 232 is located, the Q value of the speaker 200 can be increased.

[0059] In some embodiments, a magnetic fluid fixture (not shown) may be provided at the edge of the diaphragm 220 for connecting the magnetic fluid 232 to the diaphragm 220. The magnetic fluid fixture may have a large contact surface with the magnetic fluid 232, thereby stably constraining the magnetic fluid 232 within the magnetic fluid fixture. For example, the magnetic fluid fixture may have a concave structure, and the magnetic fluid 232 may be fixed within the concave structure.

[0060] In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the magnetic fluid 232 can be stably disposed between the edge of the diaphragm 220 and the first magnet 212 , the distance between the edge of the diaphragm 220 and the first magnet 212 may be in the range of 20 μm-2 mm.

[0061] In some embodiments, the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the surface material of the magnetic fluid fixture can be consistent with the properties of the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232 to enhance the intermolecular forces (e.g., van der Waals forces) between the surface material of the magnetic fluid fixture and the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, thereby enabling the magnetic fluid fixture to better constrain the magnetic fluid 232. In the embodiments of this specification, the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the material are consistent with the properties of the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, which means that if the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232 is an aqueous liquid, the material is a hydrophilic material; conversely, if the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232 is an oily liquid, the material is an oleophilic material.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this specification, the magnetic fluid 232 can have any regular or irregular shape (for example, the magnetic fluid 232 is wrapped by a thin film with a surface contour). In some embodiments, the specific amount of the magnetic fluid 232 can be determined based on actual conditions. For example, the magnetic fluid 232 can be dispersed in a controlled manner between the first magnet 212 and the edge of the diaphragm 220 to limit the amount of the magnetic fluid 232.

[0063] In some embodiments, the speaker 200 may further include a piezoelectric element 261 and a vibration transmission unit 262. The piezoelectric element 261 may be fixed to the inner wall of the first subcavity 211-1 of the housing 210 and connected to the diaphragm 220 via the vibration transmission unit 262. The piezoelectric element 261 may provide power for the vibration of the diaphragm 220. The vibration transmission unit 262 may transmit the vibration generated by the piezoelectric element 261 to the diaphragm 220, thereby causing the diaphragm 220 to vibrate and produce sound.

[0064] In some embodiments, the housing 210 is further provided with a second opening (not shown) communicating with the first sub-cavity 211-1. The second opening allows air to freely flow in and out of the first sub-cavity 211-1, so that changes in the air pressure in the second sub-cavity 211-2 are minimized by the first sub-cavity 211-1, thereby improving the sound quality of the sound output to the ear through the first opening. In some embodiments, a dustproof / damping mesh 263 may also be provided on the second opening to enhance the waterproof and dustproof performance of the speaker 200 and adjust the frequency response curve of the speaker 200.

[0065] Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some other embodiments of this specification. As shown in Fig. 2B, the speaker 200 may be an electromagnetic speaker.

[0066] The electromagnetic speaker shown in Figure 2B and the piezoelectric speaker shown in Figure 2A may have the same or similar structures except for the different driving systems. For example, the electromagnetic speaker shown in Figure 2B may also have a shell 210, a diaphragm 220 and a sliding connection part 230. The shell 210 may have a cavity 211. The diaphragm 220 may be accommodated in the cavity 211 and separate the cavity 211 into at least two sub-cavities (for example, a first sub-cavity 211-1 and a second sub-cavity 211-2). The diaphragm 220 may vibrate relative to the shell 210 under the drive of an electrical signal to produce sound. For another example, the shell 210 may include a first magnet 212, and the sliding connection part 230 may be a magnetic fluid 232. The magnetic fluid 232 can connect the edge of the diaphragm 220 with the inner wall of the cavity, and allow the edge of the diaphragm 220 to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell 210, so that the diaphragm 220 can produce a larger displacement (for example, the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the dotted line in Figure 2B is relative to the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the solid line), increasing the amount of air pushed by the diaphragm 220, thereby improving the performance of the speaker 200.

[0067] In some embodiments, the speaker 200 (electromagnetic speaker) may further include a magnetic element 264, a magnetic conductive element 265, and a voice coil 266. The magnetic element 264, the magnetic conductive element 265, and the voice coil 266 may all be located within the first sub-cavity 211-1. The magnetic element 264 may be used to provide a magnetic field. A magnetic gap may be formed between the magnetic element 264 and the magnetic conductive element 265. The voice coil 266 may be disposed on the diaphragm 220 and located in the magnetic gap. The voice coil 266 may be connected to the diaphragm 220. When current is passed through the voice coil 266, the voice coil 266 is located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic element 264 and the magnetic conductive element 265, and will be affected by the Ampere force. The Ampere force drives the voice coil 266 to vibrate, and the vibration of the voice coil 266 drives the diaphragm 220 to vibrate, thereby generating sound.

[0068] For ease of description, this specification will take a piezoelectric speaker as an example to describe the speaker 200 .

[0069] FIG3 is a diagram illustrating frequency response curves of a speaker with a sliding connection and a speaker without a sliding connection according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3 , curve L1 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker with a sliding connection (e.g., speaker 200). Curve L2 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker without a sliding connection.

[0070] As shown in Figure 3, in the mid-low frequency range (e.g., 200Hz-5000Hz), the speaker with a sliding connection (corresponding to curve L1) has a stronger output than the speaker without a sliding connection (corresponding to curve L2). Furthermore, the provision of the sliding connection significantly improves the output in the low-frequency range (e.g., 200Hz-1000Hz) compared to the mid-frequency range (e.g., the output in the low-frequency range is improved by 20dB-40dB). This demonstrates that the provision of the sliding connection can significantly improve the output performance of speaker 200 in the mid-low frequency range, especially in the low-frequency range. This allows diaphragm 220 to produce a greater displacement under the same driving force, increasing the amount of air displaced by diaphragm 220 and improving the performance of speaker 200.

[0071] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in FIG4 , in some embodiments, the sliding connection portion 230 may include a magnetic fluid 232 and a second magnet 234. The first magnet 212 may not be provided on the housing 210. The inner wall of the cavity 211 may be a smooth surface.

[0072] The edge of the diaphragm 220 can be connected to the second magnet 234. The second magnet 234 can be connected to the inner wall of the cavity 211 of the shell 210 through the magnetic fluid 232. The magnetic fluid 232 can slide relative to the inner wall of the shell 210 along with the second magnet 234 through the magnetic force between it and the second magnet 234, so that the diaphragm 220 can produce a larger displacement (for example, the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the dotted line in Figure 4 is relative to the position of the diaphragm 220 shown by the solid line), increasing the amount of air pushed by the diaphragm 220, thereby improving the performance of the speaker 200. Specifically, during the vibration of the diaphragm 220, the diaphragm 220 can drive the second magnet 234 to move. Due to the magnetic attraction between the second magnet 234 and the magnetic fluid 232, the second magnet 234 can drive the magnetic fluid 232 to move with it, so that the magnetic fluid 232 always maintains contact with the inner wall of the cavity 211, thereby ensuring that the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2 are not conductive. At the same time, because the inner wall of the cavity 211 has little constraint on the magnetic fluid 232, the diaphragm 220 can achieve piston motion, thereby improving the output of the speaker 200. Furthermore, by changing the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, the Q value of the speaker 200 can be adjusted, thereby further improving the performance of the speaker 200.

[0073] In some embodiments, in order to enable the magnetic fluid 232 to be stably disposed between the inner wall of the cavity 211 and the second magnet 234, the distance between the inner wall of the cavity 211 and the second magnet 234 can be in the range of 20 μm-2 mm. In some embodiments, in order to enable the magnetic fluid 232 to be more stably disposed between the inner wall of the cavity 211 and the second magnet 234, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 or the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be changed to make the carrier liquid properties consistent with the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211. For example, when the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 is an aqueous liquid, the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be a hydrophilic material. When the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 is an oily liquid, the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be an lipophilic material. With this arrangement, when the magnetic fluid 232 moves with the second magnet 234 , the magnetic fluid 232 can always adhere to the inner wall of the cavity 211 , thereby maintaining the sealing between the edge of the diaphragm 220 and the inner wall of the housing 210 .

[0074] In some embodiments, when the speaker 200 is subjected to a large external impact force (for example, when it falls from a height), in order to allow the magnetic fluid 232 to quickly return to the space between the inner wall of the cavity 211 and the second magnet 234, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 or the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be changed so that the carrier liquid properties are consistent with the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 within the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232, and the carrier liquid properties are opposite to the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232. Specifically, the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 can be an aqueous or oily liquid. The material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 within the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232 is the first surface material. The material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232 is the second surface material. In some embodiments, the carrier liquid properties of the magnetic fluid 232 can be the same as the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the first surface material, and the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the first surface material and the second surface material can be opposite. In some embodiments, when the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the first surface material and the second surface material are opposite, the greater the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the first surface material and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the second surface material, the smaller the adhesion of the second surface material to the magnetic fluid 232, thereby making it easier for the splashed magnetic fluid 232 to return to the vicinity of the second magnet 234. The difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the first surface material and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the second surface material can be in the range of 2-40. Preferably, the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the first surface material and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the second surface material can be in the range of 5-40. More preferably, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the first surface material and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the second surface material can be in the range of 9-40.

[0075] FIG5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification. FIG5B is a schematic diagram of the partial distribution of magnetic flux lines of the magnet in FIG5A . FIG5C is a schematic diagram of the speaker diaphragm shown in FIG5A at a first maximum vibration amplitude position. FIG5D is a schematic diagram of the speaker diaphragm shown in FIG5A at a second maximum vibration amplitude position.

[0076] As shown in Figure 5A, in some embodiments, the shell 210 may include a first magnet 212, and the sliding connection portion 230 may include a magnetic fluid 232 and a second magnet 234. The magnetic fluid 232 can be set between the two magnet structures through the magnetic attraction between the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234. Specifically, the surface of the first magnet 212 can form at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity 211. The edge of the diaphragm 220 can be connected to the second magnet 234. The second magnet 234 can be connected to the first magnet 212 through the magnetic fluid 232. Since the first magnet 212 is fixedly set on the inner wall of the shell 210, when the diaphragm 220 vibrates, the diaphragm 220 can drive the second magnet 234 to move, thereby pulling the magnetic fluid 232 to slide on the surface of the first magnet 212. Because the magnetic fluid 232 remains connected to the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234, it can prevent conduction between the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2 during the vibration of the diaphragm 220. Furthermore, because the first magnet 212 exerts less constraint on the diaphragm 220, the diaphragm 220 can achieve pistonic motion, thereby improving the output of the speaker 200. In some embodiments, by varying the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232, the Q value of the speaker 200 can be adjusted, further improving the performance of the speaker 200.

[0077] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 5A and 5B , the same magnetic poles of the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234 can be arranged opposite each other. For example, the S magnetic pole of the first magnet 212 can be arranged opposite the S magnetic pole of the second magnet 234 (i.e., the S magnetic poles of the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234 are arranged adjacent to each other); or, the N magnetic pole of the first magnet 212 can be arranged opposite the N magnetic pole of the second magnet 234 (i.e., the N magnetic poles of the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234 are arranged adjacent to each other). By arranging the magnetic poles of the first magnet 212 and the same magnetic poles of the second magnet 234 opposite each other, the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234 can be caused to repel each other, thereby making the first magnet 212 and the second magnet 234 in an unbalanced state when they are facing each other (as shown in Figure 5A , when the diaphragm 220 is located at the initial structural balance line L0). In the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220, when the diaphragm 220 reaches the position of the first maximum vibration amplitude downward, the diaphragm 220 can be in a first equilibrium state (as shown in Figure 5C, the diaphragm 220 is located at the position of the first magnetic balance line L0'); when the diaphragm 220 reaches the position of the second maximum vibration amplitude upward, the diaphragm 220 can be in a second equilibrium state (as shown in Figure 5D, the diaphragm 220 is located at the position of the second magnetic balance line L0").

[0078] When the driving unit (e.g., piezoelectric element 261) of the speaker 200 provides a driving force, the two magnets (i.e., first magnet 212 and second magnet 234) can switch between a first equilibrium state and a second equilibrium state, thereby causing the diaphragm 220 to have a larger displacement relative to the first magnet 212 (housing 210), thereby improving the output performance of the speaker 200. In addition, during the switching process, due to the existence of the magnetic repulsive force, after passing the initial structural equilibrium line L0, the speaker 200 can quickly reach the other equilibrium state under the action of the magnetic force with only a small driving force, thereby increasing the diaphragm travel of the speaker 200 and the vibration speed of the diaphragm 220, thereby improving the output performance of the speaker 200.

[0079] In some embodiments, in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220, the height dimension of the first magnet 212 can be set to be smaller. For example, the height dimension of the first magnet 212 can be the same as the height dimension of the second magnet 234 and the height dimension of the magnetic fluid 232, as shown in Figures 5A and 5B. In this case, the first magnet 212 can be set at a position on the housing 210 corresponding to the initial structural balance line L0 (i.e., the initial position of the diaphragm 220). In some embodiments, the height dimension of the first magnet 212 can be smaller than the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 220. Therefore, during the vibration process of the diaphragm 220, since the position of the first magnet 212 is fixed relative to the housing 210, when the diaphragm 220, the second magnet 234, and the magnetic fluid 232 move, there is a situation where the magnetic fluid 232 moves outside the corresponding area on the surface of the first magnet 212. However, due to the fluidity of the magnetic fluid 232, it can expand. A portion of the magnetic fluid 232 remains within the area corresponding to the surface of the first magnet 212, while another portion of the magnetic fluid 232 can extend beyond the area corresponding to the surface of the first magnet 212, as shown in Figures 5C and 5D. When the diaphragm 220 moves to the area corresponding to the surface of the first magnet 212, the magnetic fluid 232 is affected by the magnetic force of the second magnet 234 and the first magnet 212, and the originally extended portion of the magnetic fluid 232 is retracted back into the area corresponding to the surface of the first magnet 212.

[0080] In some embodiments, the height dimension of the first magnet 212 can be set to be larger in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220. For example, the height dimension of the first magnet 212 can match the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 220. In this case, the positional relationship between the first magnet 212 and the magnetic fluid 232 can be similar to the relationship shown in Figure 2A. When the diaphragm 220 vibrates, the second magnet 234 can move with the diaphragm 220 and drive the magnetic fluid 232 to slide on the surface of the first magnet 212.

[0081] In some embodiments, during operation of the speaker 200, the magnetic fluid 232 (e.g., the magnetic fluid 232 in the speaker 200 shown in Figures 2A, 4, and 5A) may vibrate up and down with the vibration of the diaphragm 220. When the speaker 200 is subjected to a large external impact force (e.g., when it falls from a height), the magnetic attraction of the magnets (e.g., the first magnet 212 and / or the second magnet 234) on the magnetic fluid 232 may be insufficient to completely constrain the magnetic fluid 232, resulting in the magnetic fluid 232 potentially splashing. The splashing of the magnetic fluid 232 may, on the one hand, cause the total amount of the magnetic fluid 232 to decrease as it is used, ultimately affecting the stable output of the speaker 200. On the other hand, the splashing of the magnetic fluid 232 may also interfere with other components of the speaker 200. To prevent the splashing of the magnetic fluid 232, in some embodiments, the speaker 200 may further include a magnetic fluid confinement structure. The magnetic fluid confinement structure may confine the magnetic fluid 232, limiting the position range of the magnetic fluid 232, thereby effectively preventing the magnetic fluid 232 from splashing.

[0082] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figure 6A , in some embodiments, speaker 200 may further include a magnetic fluid confinement structure 240. The magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 may include at least one magnetic fluid confinement element to confine the position range of the magnetic fluid 232 in a certain direction, thereby effectively preventing the magnetic fluid 232 from splashing in that direction. For example, as shown in Figure 6A , the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 may include a first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and a second magnetic fluid confinement element 242. The first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242 may be disposed on the diaphragm 220. In this case, the first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242 may be magnets. The first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242 may be disposed so that they are located on opposite sides of the magnetic fluid 232 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220. Specifically, the first magnetic fluid constraining element 241 and the second magnetic fluid constraining element 242 may be located at the upper and lower sides of the edge of the diaphragm 220 , respectively, so as to constrain the movement range of the magnetic fluid 232 in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220 .

[0083] In some embodiments, when there is no second magnet 234 between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220 (as shown in FIG2A ), the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 can be set at the connection position between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220. In this case, the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 can be equivalent to the aforementioned magnetic fluid fixing member. In this case, the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 can, on the one hand, constrain the magnetic fluid 232 to avoid splashing at the connection position between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220, and on the other hand, it can also increase the connection strength between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220. In some embodiments, the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 (the first magnetic fluid constraint element 241 and / or the second magnetic fluid constraint element 242) can also include a magnet, which further constrains the magnetic fluid 232 through the magnetic attraction of the magnet to the magnetic fluid 232.

[0084] In some embodiments, when a second magnet 234 exists between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220 (as shown in FIG. 4 or 5A ), the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 may be disposed on the second magnet 234 .

[0085] In some embodiments, the first magnetic fluid constraining element 241 and the second magnetic fluid constraining element 242 may be annular structures, so as to constrain the magnetic fluid 232 distributed in an annular shape between the diaphragm 220 and the inner wall of the housing 210 in all directions.

[0086] FIG6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to other embodiments of this specification. Referring to FIG6B , in some embodiments, the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 may further include a third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and a fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244. The third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 may be disposed on the housing 210. Specifically, the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the cavity 211 and are located outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232. The distance between the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the edge of the sliding range is within a first distance threshold (e.g., 2 mm-5 mm), and the distance between the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 and the edge of the sliding range is within a second distance threshold (e.g., 2 mm-5 mm). The third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 may confine the magnetic fluid 232, so that the magnetic fluid 232 moves at most to contact with the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244. At the same time, by arranging the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 within the threshold distance from the edge of the sliding range, on the one hand, it is possible to avoid the magnetic fluid 232 being too close to the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244, causing the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 to interfere with the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232; on the other hand, it is also possible to avoid the magnetic fluid 232 being too far away from the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244, causing the magnetic attraction of the magnet (for example, the first magnet 212 or the second magnet 234) to the magnetic fluid splashed to the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 to be insufficient to return the splashed magnetic fluid to the magnet, thereby causing the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 to have a poor constraint effect on the magnetic fluid 232.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 is set on the diaphragm 220, as shown in Figure 6A, the first magnetic fluid constraint element 241 and the second magnetic fluid constraint element 242 are set at the edge of the diaphragm 220, thereby constraining the magnetic fluid 232 near the first magnetic fluid constraint element 241 and the second magnetic fluid constraint element 242, that is, between the edge of the diaphragm 220 and the inner wall of the shell 210, so that the magnetic fluid 323 can slide relative to the inner wall of the shell 210 along with the first magnetic fluid constraint element 241 and the second magnetic fluid constraint element 242. In order to further enhance the confinement effect of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 (i.e., the first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and / or the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242) arranged at the edge of the diaphragm 220 on the magnetic fluid 232, the carrier liquid properties of the magnetic fluid 232 can be set to be the same as the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the third surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 (i.e., the first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and / or the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242) arranged at the edge of the diaphragm 220, so as to increase the adsorption force of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 on the magnetic fluid 232.

[0088] In some embodiments, when the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 is set on the shell 210, as shown in Figure 6B, the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 are set outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232, so that the magnetic fluid 232 cannot approach or cross the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244, thereby well confining the magnetic fluid 232 within the sliding area. In some embodiments, in order to further enhance the confinement effect of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244) provided on the shell on the magnetic fluid 232, the carrier liquid properties of the magnetic fluid 232 can be set to be opposite to the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244) provided on the shell 210, so that the magnetic fluid 232 and the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 repel each other, thereby reducing the adsorption force of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and / or the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244) provided on the shell 210 on the magnetic fluid 232. For example, when the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 is an oily liquid, the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244) arranged on the shell 210 can be hydrophilic, thereby reducing the adhesion of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244) arranged on the shell 210 to the magnetic fluid 232, so that after the magnetic fluid 232 splashes onto the surface of the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244) arranged on the shell 210, it can quickly return to the magnet under the magnetic attraction of the magnet (e.g., the first magnet 212 and / or the second magnet 234). In some embodiments, when the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 is disposed on the housing 210, the greater the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232, the weaker the adhesion of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 disposed on the housing 210 to the magnetic fluid 232. In some embodiments, the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 disposed on the housing 210 and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 can be in the range of 2-40. Preferably, the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 disposed on the housing 210 and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid 232 can be in the range of 5-40.More preferably, the difference between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the fourth surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 disposed on the housing 210 and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the carrier fluid of the magnetic fluid 232 may be in the range of 9-40.

[0089] FIG6C is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary loudspeaker according to other embodiments of the present specification. Referring to FIG6C , in some embodiments, the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 (i.e., the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244) disposed on the housing 210 may also be a constraint structure with a folded edge. The folded edge is directed toward the diaphragm 220. The folded edge arrangement allows the magnetic fluid constraint structure 240 disposed on the housing 210 to further constrain the magnetic fluid 232 in the extension direction of the diaphragm 220. For example, referring to FIG6C , in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220, the folded edge of the third magnetic fluid constraint element 243 located above the diaphragm 220 is directed downward, while the folded edge of the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element 244 located below the diaphragm 220 is directed upward.

[0090] FIG6D is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to other embodiments of this specification. Referring to FIG6D , in some embodiments, the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 may include a first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and a second magnetic fluid confinement element 242 disposed on the diaphragm 220, as well as a third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and a fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 disposed on the housing 210. The first magnetic fluid confinement element 241 and the second magnetic fluid confinement element 242 may be annular structures and may be disposed at the connection between the magnetic fluid 232 and the diaphragm 220. The third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 may be annular structures with folded edges, with the folded edges directed toward the diaphragm 220. The third magnetic fluid confinement element 243 and the fourth magnetic fluid confinement element 244 are each disposed on the inner wall of the cavity 211 and within a threshold distance from the edge of the sliding range of the magnetic fluid 232.

[0091] FIG7A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification. FIG7B is a schematic diagram of the diaphragm of the speaker shown in FIG7A during vibration. As previously described, by designing magnets (e.g., first magnet 212 and / or second magnet 234), the movement of magnetic fluid 232 can be flexibly controlled and constrained within a certain range, thereby enabling diaphragm 220 to achieve excellent piston motion. Similar effects can also be achieved through other methods.

[0092] Referring to Figures 7A and 7B, in some embodiments, the speaker 200 may not include a magnet (e.g., the first magnet 212 and / or the second magnet 234). In this case, the sliding connection portion 230 may be a fluid 236. The diaphragm 220 can be connected to the housing 210 via the fluid 236. During the vibration of the diaphragm 220, the fluid 236 can deform to adapt to the vibration of the diaphragm 220 (as shown in Figure 7B). Since the fluid 236 always remains connected to the inner wall of the housing 210 and the diaphragm 220 respectively, the fluid 236 can maintain the first sub-cavity 211-1 and the second sub-cavity 211-2 non-conductive during the vibration of the diaphragm 220. At the same time, since the inner wall of the cavity 211 has less constraint on the fluid 236, the diaphragm 220 can achieve piston motion, thereby improving the output of the speaker 200. Furthermore, by changing the properties of the fluid 236, the Q value of the speaker 200 can be adjusted, thereby further improving the performance of the speaker 200.

[0093] In some embodiments, the fluid 236 can be connected to the diaphragm 220 through a fluid fixture (not shown), so that the diaphragm 220 can drive the fluid 236 to deform. The fluid fixture can be similar to a magnetic fluid fixture. For example, there can be a large contact surface between the fluid fixture and the fluid 236, so that the fluid 236 can be stably constrained within the fluid fixture. For example, the fluid fixture can have a "concave" structure, and the fluid 236 can be constrained inside the "concave" structure. For another example, the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the surface material of the fluid fixture can be consistent with the properties of the fluid 236 to enhance the intermolecular force (for example, van der Waals force) between the surface material of the fluid fixture and the fluid 236, so that the fluid fixture can better constrain the fluid 236.

[0094] In some embodiments, to ensure that the fluid 236 is more stably disposed on the inner wall of the cavity 211, the properties of the surface material of the fluid 236 or the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be changed to ensure that the properties of the fluid 236 are consistent with the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211. For example, when the fluid 236 is an aqueous liquid, the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be a hydrophilic material. When the fluid 236 is an oily liquid, the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be an lipophilic material.

[0095] In some embodiments, in order to prevent fluid 236 from having fluid residue outside its sliding range, the properties of the surface material of the fluid 236 or the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be changed so that the properties of the fluid 236 are consistent with the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 within the sliding range of the fluid 236, and the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the surface material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 outside the sliding range of the fluid 236 are opposite. Specifically, the fluid 236 can be an aqueous or oily liquid. The material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 within the sliding range of the fluid 236 is a first surface material. The material of the inner wall of the cavity 211 outside the sliding range of the fluid 236 is a second surface material. The properties of the fluid 236 can be the same as the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the first surface material, and the hydrophilic or oleophilic properties of the first surface material and the second surface material can be opposite.

[0096] In some embodiments, fluid 236 may be a viscous fluid. During vibration of diaphragm 220, diaphragm 220 may deform due to the viscous force of the viscous fluid. In some embodiments, to prevent fluid 236 from falling from the inner wall of cavity 211 due to gravity during vibration of diaphragm 220 and to maintain the viscous force between fluid 236 and diaphragm 220, the kinematic viscosity of the viscous fluid may be greater than 100 cSt. In some embodiments, the viscous fluid may include, but is not limited to, materials such as gels, sealants, and oils.

[0097] FIG8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification. FIG8B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of the present specification. Referring to FIG8A and FIG8B , in some embodiments, in order to further increase the force (e.g., viscous force or intermolecular force) between the fluid 236 (e.g., viscous fluid) and the inner wall of the housing 210, and to better constrain the fluid 236 to ensure that the fluid 236 can still effectively adhere between the diaphragm 220 and the inner wall of the housing 210 under large impact, a concave or convex structure 213 may be provided on the inner wall of the cavity 211 in the area in contact with the fluid 236. The concave or convex structure 213 can effectively enhance the adsorption force of the inner wall of the housing 210 on the fluid 236.

[0098] In some embodiments, the recessed or raised structures 213 may be arranged on the inner wall of the housing 210 and distributed along the circumference of the cavity 211. In some embodiments, the recessed or raised structures 213 may be arranged on the inner wall of the housing 210. In some embodiments, the recessed or raised structures 213 may also be arranged to protrude from the inner wall of the housing 210.

[0099] In some embodiments, the shape of the concave or convex structure 213 may include, but is not limited to, a columnar structure (as shown in FIG. 8A ), a cone structure (as shown in FIG. 8B ), or other regular or irregular shapes.

[0100] 8A , in some embodiments, the size of the concave or convex structure 213 on the inner wall surface of the cavity 211 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220 (e.g., direction Z in FIG. 8A ) is in the range of 0.2 μm to 200 μm, and the size in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the cavity 211 (e.g., direction X in FIG. 8A ) is in the range of 0.2 μm to 200 μm. In some embodiments, the size of each convex structure (e.g., a columnar structure) in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220 can be in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, and the size in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm. For example, the size of each convex structure (e.g., a columnar structure) in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 220 can be 2 μm, and the size in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the cavity 211 can be 5 μm.

[0101] Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of this specification. Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some other embodiments of this specification.

[0102] 9A and 9B , in some embodiments, when the sliding connection portion 230 is a fluid 236 (e.g., a viscous fluid), the speaker 200 may further include a fluid constraint structure 250. The fluid constraint structure 250 may further constrain the fluid 236, limiting the range of motion of the fluid 236, thereby effectively preventing the fluid 236 from separating from the inner wall of the housing 210.

[0103] In some embodiments, the fluid confinement structure 250 may include an annular structure, as shown in FIG9A . In some embodiments, the annular structure of the fluid confinement structure 250 may further include a folded edge, with the folded edge oriented toward the diaphragm 220 , as shown in FIG9B . In some embodiments, the configuration of the fluid 236 and the fluid confinement structure 250 may refer to the configuration of the magnetic fluid 232 and the magnetic fluid confinement structure 240 in FIG6B and FIG6C , and will not be further described here.

[0104] The beneficial effects of the speakers provided in some embodiments of this specification include but are not limited to: (1) by setting the sliding connection part, the diaphragm can slide relative to the shell as a whole, increasing the amount of air pushed by the diaphragm and improving the performance of the speaker; (2) by designing the cooperation between the magnetic fluid and the first magnet and / or the second magnet, while ensuring that the first sub-cavity and the second sub-cavity are not conductive, the movement of the magnetic fluid is flexibly controlled, so that the diaphragm can achieve good piston movement; (3) by setting the same magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet in a facing direction, the displacement of the diaphragm is increased, the stroke and vibration speed of the diaphragm are increased, and the output performance of the speaker is improved; (4) by setting a corresponding constraint structure for the magnetic fluid or fluid, the magnetic fluid or fluid is constrained, and the magnetic fluid or fluid is better prevented from falling off; (5) by setting a concave or convex structure, the fluid is further constrained to prevent the fluid from falling off. It should be noted that different embodiments may produce different beneficial effects. In different embodiments, the beneficial effects that may be produced may be any one or a combination of the above, or any other possible beneficial effects.

[0105] While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and revisions to this specification may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and revisions are suggested in this specification and remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker, comprising: The housing has a cavity; a diaphragm housed in the cavity and dividing the cavity into at least two sub-cavities, wherein the diaphragm vibrates relative to the housing under the drive of an electrical signal to generate sound; as well as A sliding connection portion is used to connect the edge of the diaphragm and the inner wall of the cavity, and the sliding connection portion allows the edge of the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell.

2. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The shell includes a magnet, the sliding connection portion is a magnetic fluid, the surface of the magnet forms at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity, and the diaphragm drives the magnetic fluid to slide on the surface of the magnet.

3. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The sliding connection portion includes a magnet and a magnetic fluid, wherein The magnet is connected to the diaphragm, and The magnetic fluid is used to connect the magnet and the inner wall of the cavity, wherein the magnetic fluid slides relative to the inner wall of the shell along with the magnet due to the magnetic force between the magnetic fluid and the magnet.

4. The loudspeaker according to claim 3, wherein The carrier liquid of the magnetic fluid is aqueous or oily liquid. The material of the inner wall of the cavity within the sliding range of the magnetic fluid is the first surface material, and The material of the inner wall of the cavity outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid is the second surface material. The carrier liquid has the same hydrophilic or lipophilic property as the first surface material, and the hydrophilic or lipophilic properties of the first surface material are opposite to those of the second surface material.

5. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The housing includes a first magnet, and the sliding connection portion includes a second magnet and a magnetic fluid, wherein: The surface of the first magnet forms at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity, The second magnet is connected to the diaphragm, and The magnetic fluid is used to connect the first magnet and the second magnet, and the diaphragm drives the magnetic fluid to slide on the surface of the first magnet through the second magnet.

6. The loudspeaker according to claim 5, wherein The first magnet and the second magnet have the same magnetic poles facing each other.

7. The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: The speaker further comprises: The fluid constraining structure is used to constrain the position of the magnetic fluid.

8. The loudspeaker according to claim 7, wherein The magnetic fluid constraint structure includes a first magnetic fluid constraint element and a second magnetic fluid constraint element. The first magnetic fluid constraint element and the second magnetic fluid constraint element are respectively arranged on the diaphragm. The first magnetic fluid constraint element and the second magnetic fluid constraint element are arranged so that they are respectively located on opposite sides of the magnetic fluid along the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

9. The loudspeaker according to claim 8, wherein The magnetic fluid confinement structure is a magnet.

10. The loudspeaker according to claim 8, wherein The carrier fluid property of the magnetic fluid is the same as the hydrophilic or oleophilic property of the surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure.

11. The loudspeaker according to claim 7, wherein The magnetic fluid constraint structure includes a third magnetic fluid constraint element and a fourth magnetic fluid constraint element. The third magnetic fluid constraint element and the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the cavity and are located outside the sliding range of the magnetic fluid. The distance between the third magnetic fluid constraint element and the edge of the sliding range is within a first distance threshold, and the distance between the fourth magnetic fluid constraint element and the edge of the sliding range is within a second distance threshold.

12. The loudspeaker according to claim 11, wherein The carrier fluid property of the magnetic fluid is opposite to the hydrophilic or oleophilic property of the surface material of the magnetic fluid confinement structure.

13. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The sliding connection part is a fluid, wherein The material of the inner wall of the cavity within the sliding range of the fluid is the first surface material, and The material of the inner wall of the cavity outside the sliding range of the fluid is the second surface material. The fluid has the same hydrophilic or lipophilic property as the first surface material, and the fluid and the second surface material in the contact area between the diaphragm and the fluid have opposite hydrophilic or lipophilic properties.

14. The loudspeaker according to claim 13, wherein The fluid is a viscous fluid, and the kinematic viscosity of the viscous fluid is greater than 100 cst.

15. The loudspeaker according to claim 13 or 14, wherein A concave or convex structure is provided in an area on the inner wall of the cavity that contacts the fluid.

16. The loudspeaker according to claim 15, wherein The size of the concave or convex structure on the inner wall surface of the cavity along the vibration direction of the diaphragm is in the range of 0.2μm-200μm, and the size of the concave or convex structure in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the cavity is in the range of 0.2μm-200μm.

Images