Water and fertilizer integrated system for canal system of rice field

Abstract

The invention relates to a rice field canal system water and fertilizer integrated system, a fertilizer liquid box is arranged above a canal and is supported on the canal through a supporting structure, the bottom of the fertilizer liquid box is provided with at least one fertilizer outlet, and each fertilizer outlet is connected with a fertilizer discharging hose; an opening adjusting mechanism is fixed at each fertilizer discharging hose at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid box; the opening degree adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the opening degree of the fertilizer discharging hose through different / or the same dynamic water pressure obtained under the action of water flow which enters below the liquid level line in the channel and has different / or the same flow in the channel; when the dynamic water pressure obtained by the opening degree adjusting mechanism is zero, the fertilizer discharging hose is in a closed state under the action of the opening degree adjusting mechanism. The water and fertilizer integrated system has the advantages that the water and fertilizer integrated technology application of the rice field is achieved through channel water flow, variable-flow equal-proportion fertilization can be achieved, equal-flow variable-proportion fertilization can also be achieved, and manpower and material resources are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water-fertilizer integration, and in particular to a rice field canal water-fertilizer integration system. Background Art

[0002] Rice fertilization is usually done manually, which is labor-intensive and the uniformity of fertilization varies depending on the proficiency of the workers. Rice irrigation usually uses canal water transport. Therefore, patent CN111083981B uses a hydraulic self-driven integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device to achieve rice field irrigation and fertilization. This patent can achieve variable flow and proportional fertilization, but it cannot achieve equal flow and variable proportional fertilization, because its peristaltic pump is powered by the traveling head. When the flow is constant, the outflow of its peristaltic pump is also constant. Rice needs a variety of nutrient fertilizers during a certain growth period. The fertilization ratio of different nutrients is not necessarily the same, so it is necessary to change the fertilization ratio of different nutrients when the flow rate is the same. Patent CN111328525A uses a water-fertilizer integrated device powered by water flow to achieve water-fertilizer integrated application in the final channel of farmland, but it is also unable to achieve equal flow rate variable ratio fertilization, because the second sphere provides the same pulling force at the same water level flow, that is, the opening of the fertilizer pipe outlet provided by the first sphere after rising is the same. Therefore, when the flow rate is the same, the fertilizer output of the fertilizer pipe outlet is also the same.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a new rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system to utilize the canal water flow dynamics to achieve variable flow fertilization and equal flow variable ratio fertilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system, comprising: a fertilizer liquid tank, the fertilizer liquid tank is arranged above the canal and supported on the canal by a supporting structure, at least one fertilizer outlet is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank, and each fertilizer outlet is connected to a fertilizer hose; an opening adjustment mechanism is fixed at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank at each fertilizer hose; the opening adjustment mechanism enters below the liquid surface line in the channel, and adjusts the opening of the fertilizer hose according to different / or same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows with different / or same flow rates in the channel; when the dynamic water pressure obtained by the opening adjustment mechanism is zero, the fertilizer hose is in a closed state under the action of the opening adjustment mechanism.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0007] When the flow rate is the same, the opening adjustment mechanism is allowed to obtain different dynamic water pressures under the action of water flow. The smaller the dynamic water pressure, the smaller the opening of the fertilizer hose, and the larger the dynamic water pressure, the larger the opening of the fertilizer hose, so that equal flow rate variable proportion fertilization can be achieved;

[0008] When the flow rates are different, the opening adjustment mechanism is allowed to obtain the same dynamic water pressure under the action of the water flow, and the opening of the fertilizer hose will remain unchanged under the same dynamic water pressure of the opening adjustment mechanism, thus achieving variable flow and proportional fertilization;

[0009] The opening regulating mechanism in the system enters below the liquid level line in the channel and adjusts the opening of the fertilizer hose according to the different / or same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows with different / or same flow rates. The rice field canal water-fertilizer integration system utilizes the channel water flow to realize the application of rice field water-fertilizer integration technology, which can not only realize variable flow equal proportion fertilization, but also realize equal flow variable proportion fertilization, saving manpower and material resources.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, the opening adjustment mechanism includes: a protective sleeve, which is made of a hard material, is sleeved on the fertilizer hose and its upper end is fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank, a hole is radially opened on the outer peripheral surface of the protective sleeve and penetrates the tube wall, a pressure block is slidably arranged in the hole opened on the protective sleeve, an elastic member is arranged below the pressure block, an inclined connecting rod is arranged between the pressure block and the elastic member, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected to the pressure block, and the two ends of the elastic member are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod and the protective sleeve; under the initial elastic force of the elastic member, the connecting rod pushes the pressure block to squeeze the fertilizer hose to put it in a closed state; the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to a force-bearing mechanism, which controls the connecting rod to drive the pressure block away from the fertilizer hose by entering below the liquid level line in the channel and according to the different / or same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows with different / or same flow rates in the channel, so as to adjust the opening of the fertilizer hose.

[0012] The above further beneficial effect is as follows: when the force-bearing mechanism enters below the liquid level line in the channel and obtains dynamic water pressure under the action of water flow of different / or same flow rate in the channel, the force-bearing mechanism will control the lower end of the connecting rod to move in the direction close to the protective sleeve. At this time, the upper end of the connecting rod moves in the direction away from the protective sleeve, thereby driving the pressing block away from the lower fertilizer hose, and the extrusion pressure on the lower fertilizer hose becomes smaller, and finally the opening of the lower fertilizer hose can be adjusted. The opening adjustment is achieved by relying on water flow, saving manpower and material resources.

[0013] Furthermore, the force-bearing mechanism includes: a rigid rod, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod, and the lower end of the rigid rod enters below the liquid level in the channel; the lower end of the rigid rod is detachably fixed with one or more pressure plates facing the water surface.

[0014] The above further beneficial effect is: when water flows in the channel, the water flow will exert a force on the pressure plate, and the pressure plate will obtain dynamic water pressure at this time. The pressure plate will apply the obtained dynamic water pressure to the connecting rod through the rigid rod, so that the lower end of the connecting rod moves in the direction close to the protective sleeve, and the upper end of the connecting rod moves in the direction away from the protective sleeve, thereby driving the pressure block away from the fertilizer hose, and the extrusion pressure on the fertilizer hose becomes smaller, and finally the opening of the fertilizer hose can be adjusted. During the fertilization process, one or more pressure plates can be installed, and the dynamic water pressure combinations formed are also different. The opening of the fertilizer hose can be adjusted under the same water flow conditions, and the opening of the fertilizer hose can also be adjusted under different water flow conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, three pressure plates facing the water surface are detachably fixed on the rigid rod from top to bottom, with the spacing between two adjacent pressure plates being equal, and the uppermost pressure plate being below the highest water level in the channel.

[0016] The above further beneficial effects are: when the water level drops, the water flow rate decreases while the flow velocity remains unchanged, the dynamic water pressure obtained by the pressure plate also decreases, and ultimately the force on the pressure block also decreases, and the amount of fertilizer dropped by the fertilizer hose also decreases accordingly. At the same time, the pressure plate is in sheet shape and will not be affected by the pressure of non-frontal water flow.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper end of the rigid rod is movably connected to the lower end of the connecting rod with the elastic member as a support point, and the rigid rod can rotate around the connecting rod against the direction of water flow to above the liquid level in the channel in the initial position.

[0018] The above method has the further beneficial effect that when no fertilizer is applied, the force-bearing mechanism can be rotated and retracted to prevent the elastic member from working for a long time and becoming fatigue-ineffective.

[0019] Furthermore, the inner surface of the pressing block in contact with the fertilizer lowering hose is a cambered surface.

[0020] The above further beneficial effects are: ensuring a high degree of fit with the outer wall of the fertilizer dispensing hose, better controlling the opening of the fertilizer dispensing hose, and adjusting the fertilizer dispensing speed of the fertilizer dispensing hose.

[0021] Furthermore, the elastic member is a spring.

[0022] Furthermore, the fertilizer supply hose adopts a rubber hose.

[0023] The above further beneficial effects are: on the one hand, it avoids corrosion by fertilizer liquid and prolongs its service life; on the other hand, the rubber hose has good elasticity, which is convenient for adjusting the opening and thus controlling the fertilizer feeding speed.

[0024] Furthermore, the outlet at the lower end of the fertilizer hose extends out through the lower end of the protective sleeve and is located above the highest water level of the channel.

[0025] The above further beneficial effects are: the protective sleeve can prevent the fertilizer hose from swinging longitudinally during the downward flow of the fertilizer liquid, thereby affecting the mixing of the fertilizer liquid with the water in the channel, resulting in uneven mixing of the fertilizer liquid, and the lower end outlet of the fertilizer hose is located above the highest water level in the channel, thereby preventing the channel water from blocking the downward flow of the fertilizer liquid and causing uneven mixing of water and fertilizer.

[0026] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the fertilizer liquid box is divided into a plurality of independent fertilizer liquid storage cavities, and a fertilizer outlet is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid box corresponding to each fertilizer liquid storage cavity.

[0027] The above further beneficial effect is that the combination of multiple independent fertilizer liquid storage chambers can add multiple fertilizer liquids to apply multiple fertilizers in different proportions or the same proportion at the same time, and can also increase the amount of the same fertilizer liquid to achieve equal flow variable proportion fertilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a front view of the rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a side view of the rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system described in the present invention.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0031] 1. Fertilizer liquid tank, 110. Fertilizer outlet, 2. Support structure, 210. Support legs, 220. Support beam, 3. Fertilizer hose, 4. Opening adjustment mechanism, 410. Protective sleeve, 420. Pressing block, 430. Elastic member, 440. Connecting rod, 450. Force-bearing mechanism, 451. Rigid rod, 452. Pressure plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system includes:

[0035] A fertilizer liquid tank 1 is arranged above the channel. The fertilizer liquid tank 1 is supported on the channel by a supporting structure 2. The supporting structure 2 can make the fertilizer liquid tank 1 suspended relative to the channel. At least one fertilizer outlet 110 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank 1. The fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid tank 1 can flow out through the fertilizer outlet 110 provided at the bottom. Each fertilizer outlet 110 is connected to a fertilizer lowering hose 3. The fertilizer liquid flowing out through the fertilizer outlet 110 can flow into the fertilizer lowering hose 3. The fertilizer lowering hose 3 can be deformed under the extrusion effect and block the internal liquid from flowing from the inlet to the outlet;

[0036] An opening adjustment mechanism 4 is fixed at each fertilizer hose 3 at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank 1, and the opening adjustment mechanism 4 can enter below the liquid level in the channel; the opening adjustment mechanism 4 enters below the liquid level in the channel and adjusts the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 according to different / or the same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows with different / or the same flow rates in the channel. Since the opening adjustment mechanism 4 enters below the liquid level in the channel, the opening adjustment mechanism 4 can block the water flow flowing in the channel, so that the opening adjustment mechanism 4 obtains the dynamic water pressure, and the amount of water flow blocked by the opening adjustment mechanism 4 can be adjusted according to the actual fertilization demand, so that the opening adjustment mechanism 4 obtains the dynamic water pressure according to the water flow. The pressures are different or the same, such as: when the flow rate is the same, the opening regulating mechanism 4 is allowed to obtain different dynamic water pressures under the action of the water flow, the smaller the dynamic water pressure is, the smaller the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 is, and the larger the dynamic water pressure is, the larger the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 is, so that equal flow rate and variable proportional fertilization can be achieved; when the flow rate is different, the opening regulating mechanism 4 is allowed to obtain the same dynamic water pressure under the action of the water flow, and the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 will remain unchanged under the same dynamic water pressure of the opening regulating mechanism 4, so that variable flow rate and proportional fertilization can be achieved, and when the dynamic water pressure obtained by the opening regulating mechanism 4 is zero, the fertilizer hose 3 is in a closed state under the action of the opening regulating mechanism 4, and in this state, the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid tank 1 cannot flow out through the fertilizer hose 3.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and the details are as follows:

[0039] The opening adjustment mechanism 4 includes: a protective sleeve 410, which is made of a hard material, such as hard plastic. The protective sleeve 410 is sleeved on the fertilizer hose 3, and the upper end of the protective sleeve 410 is fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank 1. A hole that penetrates the tube wall is radially opened on the outer peripheral surface of the protective sleeve 410, and a pressing block 420 is slidably arranged in the hole opened in the protective sleeve 410, that is, the pressing block 420 can slide in the radial direction of the protective sleeve 410 in the hole opened in the protective sleeve 410. The pressing block 420 can be embedded in the hole opened in the protective sleeve 410 to prevent the pressing block 420 from moving left and right or up and down during operation. An elastic member 430 is arranged below the pressing block 420, and an inclined connecting rod is arranged between the pressing block 420 and the elastic member 430. The connecting rod 440, the upper end of the connecting rod 440 is connected to the pressing block 420, and the connecting rod 440 and the pressing block 420 can be a rotational connection realized by a hinge structure, or a movable connection realized by a plastic structure, one end of the elastic member 430 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 440, and the other end of the elastic member 430 is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve 410. Since the pressing block 420 is slidably arranged in the hole opened on the protective sleeve 410, and the connecting rod 440 is inclined, the connecting rod 440 will push the pressing block 420 to move into the protective sleeve 410 under the initial elastic force of the elastic member 430, thereby squeezing the fertilizer hose 3, so that the fertilizer hose 3 is in a closed state, and the elastic force of the elastic member 430 to restore the initial state serves as the power for resetting the connecting rod 440;

[0040] The lower end of the connecting rod 440 is connected to a force-bearing mechanism 450, which can enter below the liquid level in the channel. The force-bearing mechanism 450 enters below the liquid level in the channel and controls the connecting rod 440 to drive the pressing block 420 away from the fertilizer lowering hose 3 according to different / or same water flow pressures obtained under the action of different / or same flow rates in the channel, so as to adjust the opening of the fertilizer lowering hose 3. Specifically, it can be understood as follows:

[0041] When the force-bearing mechanism 450 obtains dynamic water pressure under the action of water flows of different / or same flow rates in the channel, the force-bearing mechanism 450 will control the lower end of the connecting rod 440 to move toward the direction approaching the protective sleeve 410. At this time, the upper end of the connecting rod 440 moves toward the direction away from the protective sleeve 410, thereby driving the pressing block 420 away from the lower fertilizer hose 3, and the extrusion pressure on the lower fertilizer hose 3 becomes smaller, thereby finally achieving the adjustment of the opening of the lower fertilizer hose 3.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 2, and the details are as follows:

[0044] The force-bearing mechanism 450 includes: a rigid rod 451, the upper end of the rigid rod 451 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 440, the lower end of the rigid rod 451 enters below the liquid surface line in the channel, and the lower end of the rigid rod 451 is detachably fixed with one or more pressure sheets 452 facing the water surface. The detachable connection method can be bolt connection or clamp connection. Here, only two common connection methods are briefly introduced. The pressure sheet 452 is preferably parallel to the water surface, and the so-called one or more here means the following situations:

[0045] For example, if the area of ​​a single pressure plate 452 cannot be adjusted, it is recommended to select multiple pressure plates 452. Of course, this is not absolute. You can also select a pressure plate 452 with a relatively large area and then adjust the area below the liquid surface. When the area of ​​a single pressure plate 452 can be adjusted, you can choose to fix only one pressure plate 452 at the lower end of the rigid rod 451. By adjusting the unfolded area of ​​the pressure plate 452, the contact area between the pressure plate 452 and the water flow can be adjusted. Of course, this is not absolute. When the adjustable area range of a single pressure plate 452 is relatively small, you can select multiple pressure plates 452.

[0046] The pressure plate 452 has a certain rigidity to ensure that it does not deform when the maximum water pressure in the channel is obtained. When water flows in the channel, the water flow will exert a force on the pressure plate 452. At this time, the pressure plate 452 will obtain dynamic water pressure, and the pressure plate 452 will apply the obtained dynamic water pressure to the connecting rod 440 through the rigid rod 451, so that the lower end of the connecting rod 440 moves in the direction close to the protective sleeve 410, and the upper end of the connecting rod 440 moves in the direction away from the protective sleeve 410, thereby driving the pressure block 420 away from the fertilizer hose 3, and the extrusion pressure on the fertilizer hose 3 becomes smaller, and finally the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 is adjusted. During the fertilization process, one or more pressure plates 452 can be installed, and the dynamic water pressure combinations formed are also different. The opening of the fertilizer hose 3 can be adjusted under the same water flow conditions, and the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 can also be adjusted under different water flow conditions.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 3, and the details are as follows:

[0049] Three pressure plates 452 facing the water surface are detachably fixed on the rigid rod 451 from top to bottom. At this time, the selected pressure plate 452 is a pressure plate 452 whose area cannot be adjusted. The spacing between two adjacent pressure plates 452 is equal. The pressure plate 452 located at the top is below the highest water level in the channel. When the water level drops, the flow rate remains unchanged, the water flow rate decreases, and the dynamic water pressure on the pressure plate 452 also decreases. Finally, the force on the pressure block 420 is also reduced, and the amount of fertilizer discharged by the fertilizer hose 3 is also reduced accordingly. At the same time, the pressure plate 452 is in sheet shape and will not be affected by the pressure of non-frontal water flow.

[0050] As a further preferred solution, the pressure plate 452 is parallel to the water-facing surface in the channel, ensuring that the dynamic water pressure per unit area is maximum under the condition that the channel water level remains unchanged, and ultimately the opening of the fertilizer hose 3 is larger.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of Embodiment 3 or 4, and the details are as follows:

[0053] The upper end of the rigid rod 451 is movably connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 440 with the elastic member 430 as the support point. The rigid rod 451 can rotate around the connecting rod 440 against the direction of the water flow to above the liquid level line in the channel in the initial position. The rigid rod 451 cannot rotate along the water flow in the initial position. When no fertilizer is applied, the force-bearing mechanism 450 can be rotated and retracted to prevent the elastic member 430 from fatigue failure due to long-term work.

[0054] Example 6

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 2 to 5, and the details are as follows:

[0056] The inner surface of the pressing block 420 in contact with the fertilizer lowering hose 3 is an arc surface, ensuring a high degree of fit with the outer wall of the fertilizer lowering hose 3, better controlling the opening of the fertilizer lowering hose 3, and adjusting the fertilizer lowering speed of the fertilizer lowering hose 3. The outer surface of the pressing block 420 is a plane, ensuring the maximum connection area with the connecting rod 440 and the most secure fixation.

[0057] Example 7

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, and the details are as follows:

[0059] The elastic member 430 is preferably a spring with stable elastic force, which can stably realize the corresponding function. The fertilizer hose 3 is preferably a rubber hose. On the one hand, it can avoid being corroded by the fertilizer liquid and extend its service life. On the other hand, the rubber hose has good elasticity, which is convenient for adjusting the opening and thus controlling the fertilizer feeding speed.

[0060] Example 8

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, and the details are as follows:

[0062] The lower end outlet of the fertilizer hose 3 extends out through the lower end of the protective sleeve 410 and is located above the highest water level of the channel. The protective sleeve 410 can prevent the fertilizer hose 3 from swinging longitudinally during the downstream flow of the fertilizer liquid and affecting the mixing of the fertilizer liquid and the water in the channel, resulting in uneven mixing of the fertilizer liquid. The lower end outlet of the fertilizer hose 3 is located above the highest water level of the channel, which prevents the channel water from blocking the downstream flow of the fertilizer liquid and causing uneven mixing of water and fertilizer.

[0063] Example 9

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, and the details are as follows:

[0065] The inner cavity of the fertilizer liquid tank 1 is divided into a plurality of independent fertilizer liquid storage chambers, and a fertilizer outlet 110 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank 1 corresponding to each fertilizer liquid storage chamber. The combination of the plurality of independent fertilizer liquid storage chambers can add a plurality of fertilizer liquids to apply a plurality of fertilizers in different proportions at the same time, and can also increase the amount of fertilizer of the same kind of fertilizer liquid to achieve equal flow rate variable proportion fertilization, for example: to achieve variable proportion fertilization between different fertilizers, such as a mixing ratio of fertilizers A:B:C of 1:2:1, to achieve equal proportion fertilization between different fertilizers with variable flow rate, such as fertilization with a water to fertilizer ratio of 100:1.

[0066] Example 10

[0067] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, and the details are as follows:

[0068] The support structure 2 includes: a plurality of support legs 210 fixed to the fertilizer liquid tank 1 and distributed vertically, and the lower ends of the support legs 210 are fixedly connected to the support beams 220, ensuring that the rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system is a whole, which is convenient for transportation and installation.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system, characterized in that: include: A fertilizer liquid tank (1), the fertilizer liquid tank (1) being arranged above a channel and supported on the channel by a supporting structure (2); at least one fertilizer outlet (110) being provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank (1), each fertilizer outlet (110) being connected to a fertilizer lowering hose (3); an opening adjustment mechanism (4) being fixed at the bottom of each fertilizer lowering hose (3); the opening adjustment mechanism (4) being arranged below a liquid surface line in the channel and adjusting the opening of the fertilizer lowering hose (3) according to different / or the same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows of different / or the same flow rates in the channel; when the dynamic water pressure obtained by the opening adjustment mechanism (4) is zero, the fertilizer lowering hose (3) is in a closed state under the action of the opening adjustment mechanism (4).

2. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening adjustment mechanism (4) comprises: a protective sleeve (410), the protective sleeve (410) being made of a hard material, the protective sleeve (410) being sleeved on the lower fertilizer hose (3) and having its upper end fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer liquid tank (1), a hole penetrating the tube wall being radially provided on the outer peripheral surface of the protective sleeve (410), a pressing block (420) being slidably arranged in the hole provided on the protective sleeve (410), an elastic member (430) being arranged below the pressing block (420), an inclined connecting rod (440) being arranged between the pressing block (420) and the elastic member (430), the upper end of the connecting rod (440) being connected to the pressing block (420) The two ends of the elastic member (430) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod (440) and the protective sleeve (410); under the initial elastic force of the elastic member (430), the connecting rod (440) pushes the pressing block (420) to squeeze the lower fertilizer hose (3) to put it in a closed state; the lower end of the connecting rod (440) is connected to a force-bearing mechanism (450); the force-bearing mechanism (450) controls the connecting rod (440) to drive the pressing block (420) away from the lower fertilizer hose (3) by entering below the liquid surface line in the channel and according to different / or same dynamic water pressures obtained under the action of water flows with different / or same flow rates in the channel, so as to adjust the opening of the lower fertilizer hose (3).

3. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The force-bearing mechanism (450) comprises: a rigid rod (451), the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod (440), and the lower end of which enters below the liquid surface line in the channel; and one or more pressure plates (452) facing the water surface are detachably fixed to the lower end of the rigid rod (451).

4. The rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rigid rod (451) is detachably fixed with three pressure plates (452) facing the water surface from top to bottom, with the spacing between two adjacent pressure plates (452) being equal, and the uppermost pressure plate (452) being below the highest water level in the channel.

5. The rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the rigid rod (451) is movably connected to the lower end of the connecting rod (440) with the elastic member (430) as a support point. The rigid rod (451) can rotate around the connecting rod (440) against the direction of water flow to above the liquid surface line in the channel in the initial position.

6. The rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surface of the pressing block (420) in contact with the fertilizer lowering hose (3) is a curved surface.

7. The rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic member (430) is a spring.

8. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The fertilizer supply hose (3) is a rubber hose.

9. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The lower end outlet of the fertilizer delivery hose (3) extends out through the lower end of the protective sleeve (410) and is located above the highest water level of the channel.

10. A rice field canal water-fertilizer integrated system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the fertilizer liquid box (1) is divided into a plurality of independent fertilizer liquid storage cavities, and a fertilizer outlet (110) is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid box (1) corresponding to each fertilizer liquid storage cavity.

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